afi) PSL i] ! Tiber nitty 5 EAM LEES hn ile) um e stil lh ial ish nu anata Vr Id Tam Dp tL META , ) : PI Presented by Miss Elizabeth Marbury Jan, 1901 \ | : i P V | 8$ T \ * «dM : | E " a S "e eecececece € SESSESSSE SESE B M AD Ca*X . eati (n5 * ; VS . NOM i Wn CAIN er NES T ME ‘ i : ‘ Sas ac i ac a Sc a aC a a a a a a ee ea can Á T de DIOIOIOIOEOIOIOIHOHOHOKDIOHOIHOHOIOHEKOHOHOHOIHOHOIOHOHGSOMOHOHOHOH SOIN nc HE x- T In which the Plants contained in the fifth Fafciculus are arranged according : to the Syftem of LINNJEUS. Latin: Name. Clafs and Order, BOIS REM cv MLO BTE A nacidos nese seat cny dc duet due na i | moveor AAP OSs ns 1s ceu. sud eeace mense * DikNpDRIA Monogynia. Vienamed-telibellata 211.22. 1 E iro tl Sette J | Me Neth ian OCA ie. oe ay ue US ad leek Trianpria Monogynia. Pe Alopecurusspratenfis: scs LAE on. 7 6 Alopecurus.geniculatus ............ Ti IMP St ate one ipa Z'Brorüsiganteus 41022-22605 2 esce ats Du dec. | SB OILS EY | SOM een ERE CETT S ITO DEA ELSE ERR T A lay DOEBOEd Ct MUTI Se anas deas dud ae dye ene xp pl Rs SOUCIS OFEN Gus actua cheer p acy eed CUORE CAS PRSE NESE UU IS SRM MICI EDO NNUS CUR CET CURED CUN | ao P onaquaticass 225212254 OLD REN Cc P MN Ee eae J so SBerardia-aryenlis. x. 222-5, 2: 2o MIU EAS ST TrTRANDRIA Monogynia. UA EG Ue BV etre Se Re OUR D UN an eM Tz Tzh I olumosetnan emipiiiet. 062.2. et eee TR ANDRES £eCrag vita. 16 eae ed ORD ty iu Tr eee eee 7 DUR CON bo fees MA STU ASS Ut p eT. A Droite UN ae ag CE 0 A i I deo TICGEEEODUTEHE 2233-0 oe Ue Ide Ue desea e ima eie , PENTANDRIA Monogynia. 19 B aih ane ah re Myra) Fore, ok pa ee i on ce ca | 20 Chenopodium olidum ................. Pani c iUi. lp Dievni "poss Scand Pecketuu uiis as hey zlii c. oye Pel OR rf pa ese UD E EOM AG DOSE pn ttu See neswace ss n adio seem PENTANDRIA Pentagynia. VEMIUSC iad LY Une EOS DINNER CNN ODE OUR CN Pe Cony a MayaliSe Ae ceentesaeawdes esee c lI ce cia. L Pie UNCON CS LF SMG MS aI 2S a Eee Lees creas ( Hexanpaia Monogynia. EUN OCS dy VANICUS. (2.5205) Figen. ont 5 Lt heave eda aer dace J is VAY Uno EE U2 sey SEE CR a oa pe H Polon; 28. Alifma Damalonium..................- En LA Leno Pei E MEE BS Xeotulella--- eres cepe t sea ceu. Hexanpria Trigynia. END NUE OCTET uoo coc a E nade hcec ie OP OcrANDRIA Monogynia. 5S1ospergula aryenfis. 5.4. edes xcci 1st. r DEGANDREA. Pentagynta. BA UIDIOHIa Panpatorias. cecus ddasndee etuRorincui Stes. DopzcawDpRiA Digynia. Eo D Ima aba». - eue occorre ot, eet Em Ca oos ciis IcosaNDRIA Pentagynia. Lun SU ST TOT 800s ng: ol No dg ER I Pol cxcgusmdiarolicinalis. ista ot 1o... Wo E de EO inssEiolanpifte mum. 1.2. ea ccc tdae b Liezen de. 7 ee tian CDI 4- oe ere ake we hice. Np Lane V Potyanpria Monogynia. Bee Ay MTORR ONS oc ol ter IM IDE MU j fo Teucrium Scorodonia, ncn} Deewana Gymnofpermia, 41 Antirrhinum minus.......- D E LEHNT, PLN : BEbnpuaralta-ofücinalis -0.250:5525245. 1:01 eh Y : xa = mus tiri © uds 0 a Me deer MMC a DICE MU $ DipYNAMTIA Ang wfpermaa. pouseicopbulari acditatioa.. - irae a3, 72: csset. | 4n Thlafpi pene ped en mee ene Net eran Rete TETRADYNAMIA Siliculo/a. iR SAG AIA OLA BOUM PE UNMEPA INCREASE T KEPT te Sc ] 47 Ss STACI Eee ieee rice mura s Perea ESO 1. roms s 3 bien so s .ddenaes - TETRADYNAMIA Siliquof/a. 49 Sifymbrium terreftre...... cde audi cx NaLL. | mos namoottiaemale.. nias ace ve teen J ‘51 Lathyrus ae LAA PRM 5.173 NS RS ae SD 71 Pre SparEumScODAEIUDD.. 32.6. eae sancecloeidyeenac Se. : = Trifolium att ee os Le lee in de pene. ( USUS Decade PAN ACIN E UG. eer rmthacdeus cct Lee SEE Dues anon " DORAE QUEEN DE FEIER RSS EPIO DOE Roane xb is 71 Eu coutodambilpulam, s. eles dB IIT vell. | Gy dc nopataing. Acanthium:.. ;. 2. ees Me suse. > SYNGENESIA Polygamia equalis. Eosenamhestnraliss. da ere rdUT ee LE P^ RO Bea | BLAS eve in ps OREISE I: eise ect aea oz ate 3s. ] Go ARIS PETRAM we ao 9 zai Ero nc ] Gein cee ns COPIA: 7 escent. Po aga eee oes keen bs tye | 62 Chryfanthemum Leucanthemum ............--...-.... > SYNGENESIA Polygamia fuperflua. Pete Maticatia Chamonmilla (ieee we Le eer ok EN S ncgde musici te eo Sundae, imide lf. TY 05 CUS ESTES tol eL n ou cames Sissi p rege Rond GvNANDR1IA Diandria. BonDxCcantum ramoltuit sede reu aee. : : 67 EUN fimplex ...... Ent. bnc s So Sih ae St Sa Lag ESUBIL ESOS Fed LETS Ut TE CONER CRI 2: gotten weg TR DicciA Enneandria. 69 Agaricus aurantius.............. A PAD. ETE On 7 FSP RSSURTERILG, cerd0ehg, (191 U1 2e a ope eae eee 3 RD MCA jo MEE OG DICHSCOHEROTTSS A oie. iege CLARIS Í ^ ate Ppa PATICUS GVETIUCONIGS UE ees rosea eren ann cri J | 60293 SF IEG AG UAE NE IE IE ote ante ING Rte ost INE e alte Pte We iie ids ke on se ite Dee DU CE dede ddp j0Sgd-vppepeeeeeetqeieeeee BER ee he eee eh Gee lee hese sl ae e p[eecN eb [MI fi SRS SAW SHH SQW SAW SAW SRW DAK SQW Se DAT SE d SUC SRO QU SAK SHH OR SAH SOC SW 18 i AN cle SEES X II. $ I N DS cw II. Latin Names of the Plants :n the fifth Faf- ; Enghníh Names of the Plants in the fifth ciculus, arranged Alpha betically. ; Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. 6 | | | Plate 9 Plate ScllenPtarmucn 5 A eee tecekaceues CN ci MONS DO dO OXCTRETHM ONY bela geod ce sles ER EC SCA See TTE 32 Agaricus aUrantlus . 2 oe as ee E pueR qe y. sre eer Leia aa rae s 69 BanLEv-GRASS ORDEN 9o IS murancensderueipelus- accsue oe EI LE eter ee: 70 $ Buire ftinking Mostesce s EL LL TM 20 Agaricus carnofus ....... enka canes cate sche eta rar LM 74:8 DONE EGER. ASS Cal ces Loser taie, TREE 7 Apabtcus VerPubofus.. c. cr ccgueeeton conte M Tu 78 @ ROOM COMO +: d.e ae RETURNS 21 tgo T Spatókisbse. tense Enc ooa e ATE ios at Bord BU GLOSS) dicld 5, .uleaorkase idee cee EDITO ISSN TRO 17 Zulia SP RARE S Oxo eeu iue ete c suas TUR Mapa duo vad wes deepak 2 $ Bonxk-REED creat... [ec MORE ee ares 66 Alita Wa maa Omir eo. 700 Nee HR dee ie eee Er EI 28.9 Duxg-RExp mall... v PCS UNEMETL 67 Alonscunis: pirates feces nach Mean Mex apte DEN 5 h CHAMOMILE COM oa: secer ree tue LIE ERN Ere 63 PLO PECiTUS EebloUlati$ .. qcuseuou. coto cvveex oa uet re LOCI EA RED CH HN 1: ce RS ERR UEIS ee en PME 47 Anthemis DM SN LACUS v 61 : (uerus Ch AE etes agate a: NEM Lente eapichc 35 puntirrbinusdantus dex. AES Uem EN EET 44 3 COXN-SA D Ld. i Lr uM e cw rim CBRPE OPERE ENERO 4 AtropasBelladomuars. seus voi tide eoe ce e aerate 16 í COT TON DETSI DEN ccs ae udeoana eel ERREUR te Lot 5G Bronius-prsauntetisze iesus cR noes ease Mea Avene saeag eae 795 DANDELVON Hough) ...2, 24.0)... aise eee 50 Chenopodium Olim ng d com. s E ee s 20 9 Dwate, of DEADLY NIGHTSHADE ...4..-. nz ces- 16 Chryfanthemum Leucanthemum TRUE Ced, ako? à EYERRIGITICODBOUS c ICI E meee er alti Viera nthemniun | sehen: NS E thee mice 96 9 Fieworvr water......... "RADI AE EEE ee eee m Convallaria majalis ................ LL pl c era eet ; ler ARCOM gta t Baap ene me o e DUST UN. 22 Cicpisdetlorums o M ta eundem 55 09 FOXTAIL-GRASSSorbe do uS RUE Oct TUMTTOEL A 6 Ezra vuloanso dues ron te cutee Ua at ee pe tect LE 30 3 FoxTALL-GRAss méadqW. e.c e ENEHT-UEIN PSU ee 5 AST VAP ou oai oc IM act m LE LU -50 6 GERMANDER fage-leavd...... PUL tee 1... 3509 599148 T6 40 Eüuphiratia-oticialis.. eee assiette euet 42 3 HEDGE- MusTARD ws acida S cedieo o Mod ALA MES, 50 Llolousanolliss us mourn nma ETE ect es e dac erem & 1x ELE A TE COMMON Yi...) ERES Log o LULA CS oh 30 Hordcukxourinufa. sti. ace eel Meee Sg aree 9 3 Luy of Pie. VALLEY aso ce ee 24 Tings piotus nia tok ances OST a coe eue UR SE 250 LOO SE STR FB yellow eue OPE 19 Pon cusilyphvatieus Aue ees ELM rerum LL M eee 26 : NUARTORÀAN Wilden 2zeiuue ere eR TUM REESE EET 39 dTosthyrusoApdeg Dot doe Pe I LOU EIU 51.3 MAY WEED Min kine. rit erKEE 61 Tecomtodan bil pidge SE cel wake heya... a deeded 50 9 Mu apow GRASS Water IUS EUER 12 Leucoryam welliv iis 1 Leder See Jap ee ten eee ae 23 : ME AJUD.ONV- AS VW. BRILL, «eem vea e me vs ohne EU eee deciso Lapedirorm wulsnfG Se. eer. DUE m NM rnt 1% Mexic-Grass fingle-flowerd.......... eerie 10 Dnamautitatilunumce CoL md Guten id x 22 ? MELIC-GRASS bites. St 2. UICE CER Excopis aivenfüs . DW ede EDT bed s con ay. 9 NLbSICUEX annuals... ERECTUS 68 Loy fimiachia: nemtoPdmis 7... tke EP On TEE EETE dC A E 19 $ MvpigiBATESMUSTAR D. roue Ae EVMr en UR dU US PEUT. vmachia vülsdris-. —.—-. A Eus qtecd- Uu oe I dA a s 19 9 MoxEv von T wood ...........-... E UTR THEE NT 18 Matricaxia. Chamormilla: ... sie 6.0 an ced 63 1 MusuaooMlefhy..1.. c crede UE Jess Me hedeuailloray....c.2.... 24 pa BARN S hee TLE UM 10> MUSHROOM, WAY 425....sahoe ec cr APART ERU SE RETI E NET 72 Hho Gos Eley Wires cht CE mE SM en ener era 11 E MUSsHROOM OIange...cceceonilenisceueecu eui cung es 69 Tuleretoviatig: ema ohn. cts et wer eM ie cote ek 68 $ MusHROOM verdigris .............- c senes nm 70 Onopordum ACantliUTm, ius ceo doors pe ones oon See 57 9 Nus AR D White ore eese este aia peeve Sie EROR 46 Ottis TatOla 2... zpe) we epee eta Eod CR D eU) 65 H ORC erent EE ORAE REESE ACER UI isl HT. 65 rican Uode. Lo ccr Gus M Ls 39 Q.OXEYE COMMOMs ... eec unn ed eeuke edet Us EE 62 Pansversdubuihro 0. olla cce MIT tes TEC Ped 27 ? PEARLWORT annuale mE 14 Ter ATeMIOMe i= E TM ET a Sed E aoe 33 9 PonDWEED cuded.......-....-. eel LLL 15 Done üstioaN E coeur cc re M AM LE es 12 ij Porrv long prickly- -headed - e: eee reden fM 39 . Diana Seton ern Mune! e ce. cr E nee ay oe ceder 15 9 Po?PY long fmooth-headed ......-........-- 25... es 97 "UPrénanthes miural.-t. 2.2 5 sr umero RR 59 à PRENANTHES, or WiLD LzrTUCE................... 59 Rhinanthus Crifta Galli...) sean exea icdepeseega tech Rcs 49 9 PRIVET, Or PRIM... - 4e eoe cc deno ooo steeds seas i Rola canina eu P ore: E eut mA DOE EAE S. 94 : RA Gio RT. oatyr serus SEE 64 I uniex- Acetolellac&ci e. c cL TA Jo hd OCEztoLohdOlrsede vocet E REEREHU EDEN IE 48 AOU A ACL AIM M ME ot E 14 D Bo SETS. chee ave era rip oetnet waged DE eae 34. pcandixPecten cm Peaatpehiee Jf LEM T 9 21 1 Rusa fmall hairy wood ...........--... eese 25 Schtopltulanta aquatics: ot ru ir ae deser T Eve oh epo rum 44:09 Rusu great hairy, Wood... emp TERRE 20 Beneeior erue tots: chp. a: cedula e UR M ERRAT RT MURS 64 ^ SHEPHERDS-NEEDLE.......-- «ee eree eret nne 21 Semi -arvenmtiss qm adios me rr eee ee ae 19 9 SHERARDIA ligld rci ee Lee NU MEE 13 Sinai albas s. uerit s cte e LG LET Pie eias Sree AD À SNEESEWORT. e lucnre er Ee eee es exea 60 rk AES ATV BIAS e: Fen, cotter ye) Cidade ees Ew a aeees 47 9 SNOWFLAKE fummer ............-.----- enn eM 23 Difsaubugm Didone d e TM ILU LM A 48 } SorT-Gnass creeping .....eeenenmm es 8 bilvmbariumtetrielises E Ere see LE e 49 $ SORREL Íheeps......... cene serene neste eee nemen 29 Sonchimsspalilipis e. c, MM CEU ames. MENO 59 Sow-THISTLE tree ...........»--ee eese Me 59 Dparpgagiim rarmobtion sere IEEE Y a0: sale 60 p V domes 66 6 SPEEDWELL bog.......... --------e mmm 3 Sparganium AGS Ne Ret cans NC SLE S eens e d eed 67 S SEDMELLOWASBe vere uae eC TREE T cee eerie ot Spartiam-dfooDariUttiosds c eese epa eene uem rea Ree Ae) 52 à SPURREY COM ...........ennnenee t nu eIee seeeneeese ness on Opetonlacaryenfis cepe c elke rM PA AES 31 9 Succory HAwxwzEn fmooth .............--...---- 555 Sora dim e cus e CERT Bee ee à TOAD-FLAX leaft..................-- eee AE Pencrium Seorodamian mdse alochstal say ada. Pondus 40 0 TORMENTIL 22.02. 2e cee cc eer ee cee eeen sce c ee nenne nennen 35 "Phloiofscanip eres No c Mes rs Oey teehee ee 45 $ TREFOIL procumbent..........--.- «eene eene DÀ ouneunltaroteialm <7. eet sede CEN UR. eases 35 9 Vgrcn tufted ..... —— EE 54 el foltdina procumbens co... quoi LEER 53 VETCHLING yellow ......2...- ee rer IÁ errr ie Wettebimpasd.octitns t AL ds qr eed MMC eee 4 9 Warzn-PLANTAIN flarry-headed ............--.----- 28 Méerganioa dTonvollatu s 0 icc RR RUD ET 9 ? WATER-PLANTAIN greater...» ...-- a emet vied eene mene 27 Veronica Atria Ga ISIS toss NTC 2.20 WATER-RADISH annual eve 0. eC IL re 49 Vicia Cracca Ar de Ber rer e ME 54 9 YELLOW-RATTLE ...... eene ——— TUR S UNT LIGUSTRUM VULGARE. PRivet or Prim, LIGUSTRUM Lin Gen Pl. Dianpria Monoeynia. Cor. 4 fida. Bacca TN ponties Rai Syn, ARBORES BACCIFERJE. LIGUSTRUM vulgare. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 54. Sp. Pl. p. 10. FY. Suec. n. 5. Haller. Hjf. n. 530: Scopolt Flor. Carniol. n. 4. — HudJon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 3. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 72. LIGUSTRUM Germanicum. Baub. Pin. 475. Ger. em. p. 1394 Parkinfon. p. 1446. Raz Sys. p. 465. Privet or Prim. FRUTEX fepedalis circiter, ramofus, cortex ex. cinereo ¥ A SHRUB, ufually about fix feet high, branched, the virefcens, punctis plurimis fparfis prominulis y bark of a greenifh-afh colour, irregularly exafperata: rami oppofiti, junioribus flexilibus, Y {prinkled with numerous prominent points; purpurafcentibus. i branches oppofite, the young ones flexible and J i purplifh. * FOLIA oppofita, breviflime petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, Y LEAVES" oppotite, ftanding on very fhort foot-ftalks, utrinque glabra, integerrima, inferioribus ady$ ovato-lanceolate, {mooth on each fide, per- exortum ramulorum mrinoribus, Y fe&ly entire, the lower ones at the bottoms of E 1 . theímall branches leaft. FLORES albi, odorati, paniculati. ! Qi FLOWERS white, fweet-fcented, forming a panicle. PANICULA biuncialis, denfa, fubpyramidata. i PANICLE about two inches in length, clofe and fomes i , x what pyramidal. RAMI paniculz ut pedicelli ad lentem villofi. i BRANCHES of the panicle, as well as the flowers Y ftalks, villous when magnified. . CALYX: PznriaWwTHiUM monophylum, minimüm,f CALYX: a PERrANTHIUM of one leaf, very {mall, hemifphericum, albidum, ore quadridentato, y hemifpherical, and whitifh, the mouth having dentibus ere&is, minimis, f/g. t. $ four teeth, which are upright and very minute; ' P ey omo Besse COROLLA ‘monopetala, infundibuliformis, alba, cito $ COROLLA of one petal, funnel-fhaped, white, foon rufefcens. Tubus cylindraceus, longior calyce. Y changing to a reddifh-brown colour. The tude Limbus quadripartitus, patens, lacinüs ovatis Y cylindrical, longer than the calyx. Limb craffis, obtufis, fig. 2. i deeply divided into fout fegments, which are | | IK. Y . , fpreading, ovate, thick, and obtufe, fg. 2. STAMINA: Fitamenta duo, oppofita, breviffima, Y STAMINA: two Firaments, oppofite, very fhort and alba. ANTHER#E majuícule, erectz, longitu- $ white. ANTHER# rather large, upright, al- dine fere corolla. PorrzNw flavefcens, fig. 3. Y moft the length of the corolla. PorrEw yel- i lowifh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum. Styzus fiiiy PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh —STvrg filiform, formis, albus, füperne paululum incraflatus. Y white, a little thickened above. SriGMA obs SriGMA obtufum, craffiufculum, vix mani- y tufe, thickifh, fcarce perceptibly bifid, jig. 4. fefte bifidum, /zg. 4. Y n n PERICARPIUM: Bacca globofa, glabra, nigra, uni- } SEED-VESSEL: a round, fmooth, fhining, black, locularis, fig. 5. —— Y^ he berry of one cavity, fig. 5. SEMINA tria five quatuor, hinc convexa, inde angulata, ¥ SEEDS three or four, convex on one fide, and arfpular Jig. 6. Y on the other, zz. 6. Previous to the publication of the Flora Yaponica by Profeffor Tuunsere *, the prefent celebrated fucceffor to the immortal Lrnnaus, Botanifts were acquainted with one fpecies of Liguftrum only. That gentleman defcribes another, to which he gives the name of japonicum, and charatterifes the two in the following manner: Liguftrum vulgare foliis ovatis obtufis, panicula fimpliciter tricbotoma. Liguflrum japenicum foliis ovatis acuminatis panicula decompofitt trichotoma. — . In point of utility, not to fay ornament, few of our Englifh or even foreign fhrubs exceed the cofimon Privet; Its chief ufe is to form fuch hedges as are required in the dividing of gardens for fhelter or ornament; the Italian - or ever-green Privet, as it is called, which is only a variety of the common {pecies, is ufually preferred for this purpofe. The Privet bears clipping admirably well; is not liable to be disfigured by infects, and having. roots formed. only of fibres, it robs the ground lefs than almoft any other fhrub. It is found to thrive better in the {moke of great cities than moft others; fo that whoever has a little garden in fuch places, and is defirous of having a few plants that look green and healthy, may be gratified in the Privet, becaufe it will flourifh and look well there, Mirrzm fays it will grow well under the fhade and drip of trees. The beft mode of raifing Privet is from feeds, though it is capable of being propagated by layers and cuttings. The Privet is not apt to be eaten by cattle, and the Sphinx Lzrufiri; or Privet Hawk Moth; one of the largeft as well as the moft beautiful infe&s we have, is almoft the only one that feeds on it 1n 1ts Caterpillar ftate. ‘There are few gardens having Privet in which this Caterpillar may not be found in the months of Auguft and September: The readieft way of difcovering it is by its dung, which is fufficiently vifible under thofe fhrubs on which it feeds. The Mele veficatorius, commonly known by the name of Cantharides, or Blifter-beetle, is found alfo on the leaves of this fhrub. The berries of the Privet continue on the plant till fpring advances, and in times of fcarcity are eaten by different forts of birds; but by none with fo much avidity as the Bulfinch (Loxia Pyrrbula). | Birds catchers who know this, often catch them in the following manner: they take fome large boughs of the Privet in berry, ftick them into the ground where Bulfinches frequent, lime the top twigs, and place a call bird underneath. The berries are alfo recommended in dying, colouring of wines, and as affording a purple colour to {tain prints; but for thefe feveral purpofes there are much better materials in common ufe. é | | It ufually grows in woods and hedges ; is not nice in its foil or fituation, but flourifhes moft in a moift foil; flowers in July, and ripens its berrics in Autumn. M & It is found with three leaves at a joint, with variegated leaves; and white berries. HALLER, * Caroli Petri Thunberg Flora Japonica; Lipfie 1784: aeo ae Cts lit rp "gebe, € Somerby ded, e Ut fete, Tho. ^« Pi "Dd x ee S) "d Em T oad Fi » & n Lam ea Wee ^ VERONICA ANAGALLIS. WATER SPEEDWELL. 4 ~ VERONICA Lin. Gen, Pl. Dtanprta Monoc¥nta. : ) a . nr OR ° : Cor. Limbo 4-partito, lacinià infima angufliore. Cap/ila bilocularis, Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HgRn& FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA Anagallis racemis lateralibus, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, caule ere&o. Lin. Syfts Vegetal. b. 56. Sp. Pl. p. 16. Fl. Suec. n. 13. | VERONICA foliis lanceolatis ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemofa. Haller hift. n. 553. VERONICA Anagallis Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 12. ANAGALLIS aquatica minor folio oblongo. Bauh. Pin. 259. ANAGALLIS. aquatica folio oblongo crenato. Park. 1297. ANAGALLIS aquatica major. Ger. emac. 620. VERONICA aquatica longifolia media. Rati Syn. 280. The Middle Long-leav'd Water Speedwell or Brooklime. -Hudfon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 5. Laghtfoot Fl. Scot. p. 73. Á RET i : ac ^ rA 4 - RADIX annua, fibrofa, ? ROOT annual, and fibrous. AE , 9 1 : CAULIS erectus, pedalis ad bipedalem, teres, fuban- 9 STALK upright, from one to two feet high, round, FOLIA gulofus, glaber, ad bafin ufque ramofus, in- 5 {lightly angular, fmooth, branched quite to ferne purpurafcens. the bottom, below purplifh. Ve execute + | $ oppofita, feflilia, lanceolata, fepe ovato- ¢ LEAVES oppofite, feflile, lanceolate, often ovato- lanceolata, ferrata, glabra, venofa, pallide lanceolate, ferrated, {mooth, veiny, of a pale viridia. green colour. DODO? FLORES racemofi, numerofi, triginta quadraginta aut ¢ FLOWERS growing in racemi, numerous, from thirty etiam plures in fingulo racemo. : " to forty, or even more on one racemus. : 6 RACEMI laterales, oppofiti, longiffimi, fubere&ti. $ RACEMI lateral, oppofite, very long, nearly upright. ix | | 6 PEDUNCULI ad lentem fubvifcidi, : FLOWER-STALKS fomewhat vifcid when magnified. Q BRACTE.E lanceolate. $ FLORAL-LEAVES lanceolate. CALYX: PzRiANTHIUM quadripartitum, perfiftens, ! CALYX: a PertantTuHium deeply divided into four | laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, laevibus, tri- k fegments, and permanent, the fegments ovato- nervibus, fubzqualibus, fig. 1. $ lanceolate, pointed, fmooth, three-ribb'd, and , : . nearly equal, fig. 1. | ii $ | COROLLA monopetala, rotata, pallide purpurea, 2 COROLLA monopetalous, and wheel-fhaped, of a lacinià fuperiore et duabus lateralibus venis 4 pale purple colour, the uppermolt fegment * faturatioribus flriata, fig. 2. and the two lateral ones ftreaked with deeper veins of the fame colour, £z. 2. D p | 9 ; STAMINA: FiLAMENTA duo, purpurafcentia, medio ? STAMINA: two Firaments of a purplifh colour, craffiora; ANTHER € concolores; POLLEN 9 thickeft in the middle; ANnruera@ of the album, fig. 3. fame colour; Potten white, fig. 9. OOD PISTILLUM: Germen viride; Srytus declinatus, ? PISTILLUM: Germen green; SrvLE depending, purplifh, thickened above; Sricma blunt, purpurafcens, fuperne craflior; ST1G6MA ob- * fa. 4. tufum, fig. 4. Sooo PERICARPIUM : CAPSULA bilocularis, fubinde tri-? SEED-VESSEL: aCapsute of two cavities, fome- SEMINA. plurima, fubrotunda, minutiffima, fig. 6. , times three, roundifh, fcarcely emarginate, ' Jocularis, fubrotunda, vix emarginata, poly- containing many feeds, fir. 5. Íperma, fig. 5. l D OD OG SEEDS numerous, roundifh, and very minute, fig. 6. The Veronica Anagallis is a much more general plant than the Scuted/ata, being found in almoft every watery ditch, but efpecially in thofe which communicate with the Thames, on the edges of which it is alfo extremely common, Y | It is apt to vary confiderably according to fituation; when it grows in ditches that have a confiderable.depth of water, it becomes much taller, the ftalk is proportionably thicker, and the leaves are apt to be curled; when it grows out of the water, the plant 1s {maller, the leaves are broader, flatter, and of a paler hue; in all fituations its racemi are remarkably long and full of flowers, and its feeds are uncommonly fmall and » numerous. It bloffoms from June to September. The feed-veffels are fometimes found very much enlarged; on cutting them open a fmall larva was found in fome, and a pupa in others, which, on being kept a proper time, produced a {mall Curculio or Weevil. rth nig 2 du TU RES ^. oM 1502 a by A eT AT ; 4 d Ed M PET Mmi MEM TAa EK YR LI WR EUM, DS ero Men M oan x^ et he Aat lr me wor iuit 4 9 kie shims Pub NU ca “VERONICA SCUTELLATA. Doc SPEEDWELL. VERONICA Lin. Gen. Pl. Dianpria Monocynia, Cor. Limbo 4-partito, lacinià infima anguftiore. Cap/ula bilocularis. Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HERBZ FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA /cutellata racemis lateralibus alternis: pedicellis pendulis, foliis linearibus integerri- mis. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 57. Sp. Pl. p. 16. FI. Suec. n. 17. VERONICA folis lanceolatis, ferratis, glabris, ex alis racemofa. | Haller Hift; 533. VERONICA Scutellata. | Scopolt Hl. Carn. n. 22. ANAGALLIS aquatica anguftifolia fcutellata. Bauh. Pin. 252. VERONICA aquatica anguftifolia minor. Narrow-leav’d Water Speedwell, or Brooklime. Razz Syn. p.280. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 9. d. 5. — Laghtfoot Fl. Scot. 5. 74. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fufca. $ ROOT perennial, fibrous, of a brown colour. : M : CAULIS : paulo fupra terram furculi plerumque fleri- 9 STALK : juft above the ground young fhoots fpring les erumpunt, qui humi repunt, caulis florifer 9 forth, which are for the molt part deflitute fubereGtus, debilis, teres, vix angulofus, gla- 9 of flowers and creep on the earth, the flower- ber, ramofus, femipedalis ad pedalem, bafi ? ing ftalk 1s nearly upright, weak, round, fcarce etiam aliquando repens. $ perceptibly angular, fmooth, branched, from ? fix inches to a foot in height, fometimes alfo ? creeping at bottom. FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, lineari-lanceolata, glabra, ? LEAVES oppofite, feffile, betwixt linear and lanceo- minutim et rariter dentata. $ late, fmooth, finely tooth’d, teeth diftant. (^ TE FLORES albi, feu pallide carnei, racemofi. $ FLOWERS white, or of a pale flefh colour, growing 6 in racemi. Q9 RACEMI laterales, plerumque alterni; laxi, flexuofi, j RACEMI lateral, for the moft part alternate, loofe, multiflori. crooked, and bearing many flowers. BRACTE minute, lanceolate. LORAL-LEAVES minute, and lanceolate. PEDUNCULI capillares, alterni, demum penduli. LOWER-STALKS capillary, alternate, finally pen- dulous. CD Coo CCo Coo» Ej o Hj CALYX:PERIANTHIUM parvum, quadripartitum, la- ? CALYX: a Pertanruium fmall, deeply divided into ciniis ovato-lanceolatis, fubzqualibus, fig. 1. 9 four fegments, which are ovato-lanceolate and : nearly equal, fig. 1. E 1 COROLLA monopetala, rotata, plerumque alba, la- o COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, for the moft cinia fuperiore venis purpureis pitta, fig. 2. © part white, the upper fegment flreaked with ^ purple veins, fig. 2. 9 STAMINA: FiLAMENTA duo, medio incraffata, alba; 9 STAMINA: two Firamenrs, thickeft in the middle, ANTHER A alba, jig. 9. 5 ^ white; ANTHER E white, fig. 3. Q PISTILLUM: Germen viride; SrvLus declinatus, 9 PISTILLUM : GERMEN green; STYLE depending, | albus; Sricma obtufum, flavefcens, fig. 4. 9 white ; STi1GMA blunt, yellowifh, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capsuta compreffa, fuborbiculata, 2 SEED-VESSEL a CarsurE nearly round, flattened, emarginata, bilocularis, polyfperma, ad 16. emarginate, of two cavities, containing nu- fig. 5. 7 6 merous feeds, to 16. fis. 5. o SEMINA orbiculata, plana, flava, fic. 6. A $ SEEDS round, flat, and yellow, fig. 6. This fpecies of Veronica is diftinguifhed from the others by feveral charaéters, fuch as, its place of growth, which is peculiar, it being feldom found but on bogs, or the edges of ponds, efpecially fuch as we find on heaths and moors, hence we have called it Bog Speedwell; the narrownefs as well as {moothnefs of its leaves alfo ftrikingly diftinguifhes it; Linn £us’s term of antegerrims, as applied to them, is certainly too firong, for they are always toothed, though faintly, and in a fingular manner; and if thefe chara&ters were not fufficient, the loofe ftraggling manner im which the flower ftalks grow, would at once point out the Scutellata as a diftinét fpecies. | It is common in the fituations above defcribed on moft of our heaths, and flowers from June to September. i Ja Ju tons a hai todili E L &. sigeulde ci id HMM CINEMA I c E : MALTS A. 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L E «cu 203 à M Jd he hae $a ae Di eth 4 7f shell xi E ry ot ae 2 ^ t » ew d ow dad 3m WU AOI A OL De IO Oe t tiiv Wesel mro tme Yet 20 BH NES Hl i : :d ; : M gs . * ; J ; * “tee D " vw d T x ; NOI z t "à ^ i i20 SP 2 31 5 "o Po: n - "di. i « ' J 3 2 et eto ves qu ons AG Se op) RTA OR r^p MPO tà he Y n... ^ ‘ ^ ' 4 t L : - DE E loce; ad ys cvy PRESS mra ide As 416 —: : : » 7 pee I5 " ?3113 WISH ^ x R- i * : EE te dre ay yel DOO et ae SPEM i : DOM ME EU ipud »v Fs . CREW i 4 . v " "TA q DIS qu 1.5: "on t Enn ; P, b V MEET ow bor Hiiv ls t * " vi 2 " on ; Sak 4 Ti AP 13m pr d$ " Petes dar ^ CL uA } : Fi fe oi ni t 15 FHS WESS DOM. Ha : : 7 vy aa. s ; dagel 5 hs Dis Shas AMUSE : = E f ji yas. apie wee T pA LU 5 PA te rend A ’ in s § ’ VALERIANA Locusta. Corn Satan. VALERIANA Lin. Gen. Pl. Trranpria MoNoGYNIA. Calo. Cor. 1-petala, bafi hinc gibba, fupera. Sem. c: VALERIANA Locufta floribus triandris, caule dichotomo, foliis linearibus. Lin. $wf. F. egetab. p. 73. Sp. PL. p.47. Fl. Sdec. 2. 36. | VALERIANA foliis oblongis, rariter incifis, corona feminis fimplici, acuminata. Haller Hif. 214, VALERIANA Locufe. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 46. VALERIANA campeftris inodora major. Baub. Pin. 165. VALERIANELLA arvenfis precox humilis femine compreffo, Mor. Uu. LACTUCA agnina. Ger.emac. 310. Park. 812. Rati Syn. p. 201. Lamb's-Lettuce or Corn-Sallet. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 13. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 85. LC A AAA SSS RADIX annua, fibrofa, pallide fufca. y ROOT annual, fibrous, of a pale brown colour. CAULIS erectus, fpithameeus, pedalis et ultra, pro ¥STALK upright, from four inches to a foot or more in ratione loci, teres, angulato-ftriatus, fubpu- y height, according to its place of growth, befcens, tener, ad unum latus fzpius purpu- $ round, grooved or angular, [lightly downy, rafcens, dichotomus. 4 tender, ufually purplifh on one fide, dichoto- i mous. FOLIA radicalia, plurima, patentiufcula, fubfuccu- YLEAVES next the root numerous, fomewhat Ípreading, lenta, glabra, venofa, fubrugofa, obovata, obíolete dentata, caulina oppofita, feffilia, remota, ad .bafin: praefertim ciliata, fubere&ta, fuprema fubferrata. flightly fucculent, ímooth, veiny, a little wrinkled, inverfely ovate, faintly toothed, thofe of the ftalk oppofite, feffile, remote, at the bafe particularly, edged with hairs, fome- what upright, the uppermoft ones [lightly ferrated. FLOWERS very minute, of a blueifh colour, growing in a corymbus. CALYX wanting. COROLLA the length of the germen, tubular, faintly violet-coloured, divided into five fegments, which are roundifh, fpreading, and nearly equal, fzg. 1. FLORES minimi, coerulefcentes, corymbofi. CALYX nullus. COROLLA longitudine germinis, tubulofa, fubvio- lacea, quinquefida, laciniis rotundatis, paten- tibus, fíubzqualibus, fig. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria, alba, longitudine. co- rola. ANTHER# parve, albe, jig. 2. PISTILLUM: GerMen inferum, nudum, majufcu- lum, obovatum, viride, utrinque linea exara- tum, hinc convexum, fubgibbofum, inde pla- STAMINA: three FrLAMENTS of a white colour, the length of the corolla. ANTHER# {mall and white, jig. 2. PISTILLUM : Geren placed below the corolla, naked, rather large, inverfely ovate, green, having a narrow groove on each fide, convex and fome- niuiculum, fig. 4. Sty tus ftaminibus paulo what gibbous on one fide, flattifh on the other, brevior. STIGMA trifidum, fig. 3. — jig. 4. STYLE a little fhorter than the fta- mina. STIGMA trifid, fig. 3. ¥SEEDS numerous, naked, of a pale brown colour, roundifh, a little pointed, fomewhat flattened, and tranfverfely wrinkled, fig. 5. 64€ 6X 61A HG 6-164454 64€ 44-0614 HELE LE LEE KEL EE ALLE KE SEMINA plurima, nuda, pallide fufca, fubrotunda, acutiufcula, parum compreffa, tran{verfim ru- gofa, fig. 5. "eee In treating of the Valeriana dioica we had occafion to notice the extreme inconftancy of the fru&ification in this genus; an inconftancy fcarcely to be paralleled in any other tribe, and affecting not only the Linnzan fyftem, as depending on number of ftamina, but fuch fyftems alfo as may be founded on the form of the corolla, or ftructure of the feed. In the dficinalis, dioica, and feveral other valerians, the feeds are furnifhed with a pappus or down, here they are altogether naked. The prefent plant is a well known culinary one; the radical leaves are in general ufe in the fpring to mix with other fallad herbs, and fometimes eaten alone: the French call them Salad de Prefer, from their being generally eaten in Lent. It grows wild im corn-fields, on walls, banks, and in gardens. In corn-fields it is ufually very fmall, grows with a fingle ftem, and often occurs with difeafed heads, occafioned by fome infect. The leaves are fometimes more than ufually ferrated. A variety of this fort is made a fpecies of by Ray. There are feveral other varieties mentioned by Linnaus in his Species Plantarum, which have not come under our obfervation. Jt flowers in May, and ripens its feed in June. 2 sop JL Sowerby del. e up . LT V Bi NES Ow fy c T 4 a. H5. SS ee RU ERR ER E EN TU UT TEES aA d ES ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS. Meapow Fox'TAiL-GRASS. ALOPECURUS Lin: Gen: Pl. Trianpiia Dicynia. Cal. 2-valvis Cor. 1-valvis. Rati Syn. Gen. 27. HEX8# GRAMINIFOLIE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER A: ALOPECURUS pratenfis culmo fpicato ere&o, glumis villofis, corollis muticis; Lin: Swit. Vegetab. ps 93: 85. PLp488. Fl. Suec. 20. ALOPECURUS {pica ovata. Haller. Hifl. i. 1539. GRAMEN phalaroides majus five italicum. — Bab. pin. 4 GRAMEN alopecuroides majus. Ger. emac. i0. | GRAMEN phalaroides majus. Parkins. 1164. GRAMEN alopecuro fimile glabrum cuni pilis longiufculis i in fpica oflocordón mihi denominatum. Z E. IL Rau Syn. p. 396. The moft common Foxtail-grafs. — Hud/on. Fl. Angl. ed: 2. p. 27: Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. gt. Schréb. Gram. 1934 Fe dig. fet ys RADIX perennis, fiBrofa,. fibris pallide fufcis. deu perennial and fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. CULMI fefquipedales, bipedales, et haud inftequenter TSTALKS a foot arid a half, two feet, arid not unfre- tripedales, erect, teretes, ftriati, lzves; ad y quently three feet high, upright, round, finely bafin purpurei, radicantes. grooved, fmooth, at bottom purple, mund til- luring. FOLIA palmaria, feu fpithamea, fenfim in acutum mu- T LEAVES a hand’s breadth or fhort fpan in length, gra- cronem terminata, glabra, ftriata, parte fupernay — dually tapering to a point, {mooth, ftriated, if et ad margines fi digiti deorfum ducantur y ' drawn backward acrofs the fingers feeling afpera, lineam unam cum dimidia communiter i ' rough on the upper fide and on the edges, com- aut duas fere lata. Vagind ftriate, leves, iny monly a line and a half or almoft two in fuperiore parte culmi inflate. Membrana bre- Y breadth. Sheaths ftriated, ímooth,; on the vis, obtufas 4 upper part of the ftalk inflated, Membrane Y Íhort and blunt. SPICA fe{quiuncialis, biuncialis, duas etiam nonnun- Y SPIKE an inch and a half, two inches, and fometimes quam cum dimidia uncias longa, duas trefque $ even two inchés and a half long, and two or lineas lata, teres, cylindracea, obtufa, mollis. : noi lines broad, round, cylindrical, blunt and i oft SPICULZE uniflorz, compreffe, utrinque ciliate, ner- ¢ SPICULAE one flower in each, flat, each fide edged with vofve, mucronato-tridentate, jig. 1. : hairs, ribbed, flightly tdegiatd the middle point longeft, jig. 1. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, uniflora, valvulis fubsquali- f CALYX: a Glume of two valves, containing one flower, bus, ovato-lanceolatis, concavis, compreflis, Y the valves nearly equal, ovate and pointed, flat- trinervibus, nervis pilofis, fig. 2. 1 tened, three-ribbed, the ribs hairy, jig. 2 COROLLA univalvis, va/vula concava, longitudine caly- y COROLLA of one valve, the valve hollow, the length cis, albida, fubdiaphana, fuperne nervis tribus Y of the calyx, whitifh, fomewhat tranfparent; viridibus infignita, ariftata; 77/4 calyce du-r marked on the upper part with three green plo fere longiore, dorfo valvulz verfus bafin ¥ ribs, and bearded; the deard or awn almofít as inferta, fig. 3. i long again as the calyx, inferted into the back Y of the valve towards the bafe, fig. "E STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria, capillaria. -ANTHERZEÍSTAMINA : three capillary Firaments. ANTHERE oblong, utrinque bifurcz, plerumque purpu- ¥ oblong, forked at each end, for the moft part vafcentes, demum ferrugineze, Jig. 4. purphíh, finally ferruginous, Figs 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovatum, minimum. Seyit¢PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, very minute. SrYLEs duo, villefi, reflexi, calyce longiores. ST1G-Y two, villous, reflexed, longer than the glumes MATA fimplicia, Jig. 5. of the calyx. SricMATA fimple, fig. 5. SEMEN ovatum, minimum, glumis tectum, fig. 6, 7. ÍSEED ovate, very minute, covered by the glumes, fie. 6, 7, EKELE EE Ty’ a former number of this work, containing the Feftuca fluitans, we gave a copious extract from that excellent work on Graffes, the Be/chreibung der Grafer ot Profeflor SCHREBER : we now prefent our readers with an abridged account from the fame author of another grafs, apparently of much greater confequence in agriculture. The Meadow Foxtail-grafs is chiefly an inhabitant of the northern part of our C UR zone, being found abundantly in moft parts of Germany, Holland, France, England, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Ruffia, Profeffor GMELIN has alfo found it plentifully in D Though the graffes in general are not fo ftrongly attached to particular fituations 4s many plants are, yet they are always more abundant, and fuperior in goodnefs, in fome one kind of ground than another. The Meadow Fox-tail loves a meadow ground fomewhat low, and moderately wet, with a good foil, though it will alfo grow in dry, and even in quite wet ground; yet, in the firft, it remains poor, Ímall, and difappears by little and little, while, in the latter, other grafles are apt to overpower and fupplant it. i x In fuch diftri&s of Saxony as are celebrated for the goodnefs of their meadows, it always makes a confiderable part of the hay; and the fame remark has been made by Mr. SriLLINGFLEET and Profeflor Kau in England, refpe&üng the beft meadows about London. | : The Meadow Foxtail is one of thofe grafles which appear firft in the fpring, and fometimes blow twice in the fame vear *. In refpeé&t to flowering, it obferves nearly the fame time as the ZIntboxantbum odoratum. In Germany it puts forth its filvery {pikes about the beginning of May 4, when the feed is ripe, which with us takes place before hay-making {,. the {pike remains unchanged in its fhape for feme time; the little hufks containing the feed may ealily be {tripped off, but fall off very flowly of themfelves. Experience proves that the Meadow Foxtail-grafs has a power of vegetating quickly. Its fhoots proceed with fuch vigour, that it may very well be cut three times in a year. Its ftalks are ftrong, and provided with large leaves, which are foft and juicy. ‘Their tafte is as that of good fodder-grafs ought to be, {weetith and agreeable, having, when made into hay, neither the hardnefs of ftraw, nor the roughneís or unpleafant tafte attendant on {ome of the other graffes; we may therefore confider it as holding the firft place among. the good graffes, either uted as frefh fodder, or made into hay, efpecially for the larger cattle. ‘Though the fheep in fuch meadows as abound with this grafs, do not improve in the finenefs of their wool, yet they give a preference to it, both green and dried. On the whole, we may with truth affert, that hay is better in proportion to the quantity of Meadow Foxtail-grafs there is among it; not to mention that fuch hay has the advantage in the weight, and confequently goes farther than hay made of the finer grafles. In the northern countries, Sweden efpecially, the meadows are frequently laid wafte by a moft deftructive cater- pillar, which produces.a moth called, by Linnaus, Phalena graminis: it has been difcovered, that the d/opecurus pratenfis vemains untouched by this deftru&ive infe& ; fo far, therefore, from injuring this grafs, it gives it an opportunity, by weakening and deflroying the others, to extend itfelf farther; but though its particular tafte or ' forward growth exempts it from the :ravages of this fpecies of caterpillar, there is another which is particularly fond, of it, wiz. the Phalena potatoria, yet.as this feeds fingly on its foliage, and never increafes greatly, it fuffers little from it S. As this grafs, therefore, appears to be our author of fo much confequence in the making and improving of meadows and paftures, he proceeds to give fome account how this improvement may be effected. In this bufinefs the firft thing of moment, he obferves, is the neceffary choice and preparation of the ground; if that be in the power of the cultivator, and as the Meadow Foxtail is found neither to thrive in a foil that is quite dry, or quite wet, he prefers a wet one rendered moderately dry by draining. After procuring a pieee of ground naturally fit, or rendered fo by art, he recommends it to be ploughed up immediately after harveft, before the wet feafon íets in, in which ftate it is to remain all the winter; the froft breaking the clods, rénders it fit for fowing on in the fpring, at which time you muft throw in your feeds of the Meadow Foxtail, mixed with other proper pafture herbs ||, together with a crop of oats@; the latter, when fufficiently grown, may be cut for fodder. A meadow, thus improved, requires all the care neceffary in the management of meadows ; in particular, a copious watering after hay-making, if the feafon prove unufually dry, muft not be omitted. If after fome years the foil fhould become bound, or noxious plants increafe in fuch a manner as to make the meadow lefs productive, which often happens when the foil or fituation 1s unfavourable, the meadow muft be broken up and frefh fown. The procuring of the feed, requifite even for a tolerably large fowing, is attended with but little difficulty, if we can only get fome flips or roots of this grafs. The great number of feeds which grow upon one Ípike, of which more than one fpring from each flip; the double crop 1n one fummer, and the rapid growth of this grafs, evince this fufficiently. The gathering of the feed itfelf is very eafy; it needs only to be {tripped off with the hand, and put in a bag, and if there be a large quantity together, fpread out and dried, even the hay-feed of fuch meadows as abound with Meadow Foxtail is ufeful in fowing; but we muft well obferve how it is mixed: good hay-feed fhould contain a greater proportion of grafs-feeds than of other herbs; the latter muft be efculent and nutritive, without any mixture of hard, woody, or fucculent ones, which corrupt the hay; much lefs íhould it contain taftelefs, acrid, or poifonous plants. But it may be afked, where is fuch hay-feed to be obtained? Certainly the meadows are rare which contain a mixture of proper plants unadulterated with noxious ones; hence the beft method will be to colle& feparately the feeds of the moft ufeful graffes and meadow plants, to increafe them fingly, to compound the hay-feed of them, and to fow therewith, at firft, {mall meadows, from whence we may, in procefs of time, obtain a fufficient ftock of feed for a more general cultivation. * This difpofition of graffes to flower more than once in the fame year, is perhaps deferving of more attention than may have hitherto been paid to it. We have noticed it to take place ftrongly in the prefent grafs, the yellow Oat, the tall Oat, and fome others; on the contrary, there is one grafs, viz. the Poa pratenfis, already figured, which we have never obferved to fhew the leaft difpofition to throw up a flowering ftem twice in the fame - year. While this may ferve as an additional character, whereby.it may be diftinguifhed from the Poa trivialis, it may alfo recommend it as a fuitable grafs for extenfive lawns, where bents are troublefome, and offend the eye. We obferved, in treating of the Poa pratenfis, that its root was of the creeping kind; it will probably be found, that all thofe graffes which have that fort of root flower but once in a feafon ; and if we confider a creeping root as fimilar in its ceconomy to a bulb, we fhall not be at a lofs to account for it. T Its ufual time of flowering with us. i In the neighbourhood of London, hay-making generally commences three or four weeks fooner than it does fifty miles from town, Whether this practice hath arifen from the richnefs of foil accelerating the growth of the herbage, or from the meadows abounding more with early graffes, it may perhaps be difficult to determine; but certainly, by this practice, we reap all the advantages from thofe early graffes which are loft by longer delay ; and hence the feeds of our hay-lofts muft be proportionably better than thofe at a diftance, as early grafs is preferable tolate.- ; § In ihe papers of the Bath Agricultural Society, vol. II. p. 79: the Rev. Mr. Swayne of Puckle Church, in Gloucefterfhire, gives an account of a very minute infect, which, feeding within the hufks of the fpikes, senders them barren; we fhall quote his own words, ‘* On rubbing out the * huiks, when I judged the feed to be approaching to ripenefs, I found almoft every fced-vetlel occupied by a foft fubftance, of a deep yellow or ** orange colour, no ways refemb!ing a feed, On applying the microfcope, this fubítance proved to be a congeries of animalcules, which being fhook * out on a fheet of white paper, and feparated from each other, difplayed the exact fhape and motion of thofe infects which are oftentimes found in * hams and bacon, and which are known among houfewives by the name of hoppers. ‘The flies likewife, which thefe caterpillars produce, were * found to be very like the hopper flies, only infinitely fmaller." i Wow, id || We fhould prefer the latter end of Auguft, or beginning of September, for the purpofe of fowing grafs feeds, provided the feafon proved favourable. | q Should the land intended to be laid down be very foul, we apprehend, repeated ploughings and harrowings, and that for more than one feafon, would'be neceffary. Farmers are divided in’ their opinions refpe&ing the propriety of fowing Oats or Barley with grafs-feeds ; fome apprehending, that the corn does.the young eraís more harm by robbing it of its nourifhment, than the fhade or fhelter afforded thereby does it good. ^ L3 = THO Ar UL Thais Tie cocos OLE | ^ ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS. JoiNTED Fox-Tair GRAS S. | | ALOPECURUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Trianpria Dicynia. Cal. 2-valvis. Cor. 1-valvis. Raw Syn. Gen. 27. HERBA GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERA. ALOPECURUS geniculatus cülmo fpicato infracto, corollis muticis, To Syll. Vegetab. p. 93. Sp. Pl. 89. FL.Suec.n. 60. Haller. hift. n. 1541. ; ALOPECURUS geniculatus culmo adfcendente, fpica cylindrica, glumis apice divergentibus pilofis. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 27. ALOPECURUS gemculatus Scopol. Fl. Carn. n. 82. i GRAMEN aquaticum geniculatum fpicatum. Bauh, pin. 9. Scheuchz. Agroft. 72. a ae NA x GRAMEN fluviatile fpicatum. Ger. emac. 14. GRAMEN aquaticum fpicatum. — Parkinf. 1973. Raw Syn. 396. Spiked Flote Grafs. Lightfoot, im #1. Scot. b. 92. Oeder Fl. Dan. 564. H RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris albicantibus, et quan- * ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres whitifh, fome- doquefubfufcis. —— T times inclined to brown. CULMI plures, pedales, fefquipedales et ultra, in- # STALKS feveral, a foot, a foot and a half or more ferne procumbentes, et fzpe repentes, fub- in length, below procumbent, and often erecti, geniculati, infra&i, ramofi, fuperne creeping, nearly upright, jointed, crooked, nudi, ftriati, prefertim in folo arido plus above naked and ftriated, branched, the bafe minus bulbofo. ? ^. efpecially in a dry foil more or lefs bulbous. FOLIA duo aut tres lineas lata, ftriata, fuperne di- $ LEAVES two or three lines broad, ftriated, the up- gitis deorfum ductis afpera, inferne levia, per fide if drawn backwards betwixt the fuperiora brevia, uncialia aut biuncialia, fingers rough, the under fide fmooth, the " patentia, faepe ad margines crifpa; mem- uppermoft leaves fhort, an inch or two inches ran ad bafin folii ovata, acuta; vagine long, fpreading, often crimpt at the edges; leves, flriate, ventricofz. the membrane at the bafe of the leaf, ovate and pointed, the /heaths {mooth, ftriated, and bellying out. SPIKE an inch, an inch andahalfor more in length, fomewhat cylindrical, varying greatly both in form and colour, fometimes blunt, and fometimes tapering to a point, greenifh, purplifh, and even blackifh, at leaft when viewed at a diftance. FLORETS imbricated. CALYX: a Gruwz of two valves, containing one flower, flattened, the valves obliquely trun- cated, downy, three-ribb’d, the keel ciliated, SPIC unciales, fefquiunciales et ultra, fubcylin- dracez, forma et colore maxime variantes, nunc obtuf nunc ad apicem fenfim atte- nuate, virefcentes, purpurafcentes, aut etiam nigricantes procul faltem vife. FLOSCULI imbricati. | CALYX: GrvwaA uniflora, bivalvis, comprefla, val- vulis oblique truncatis, pubefcentibus, tri- nervlis, carina ciliata, fig. 1. fig. 1. COROLLA: a GiuME of one valve, oblong, ovate, truncated, five-rib'd, pellucid, without hairs, | and bearded, jig. 2. the Beard or awn pro- . ceeding from near the bafe, and twice the length of the corolla, fig. 3. STAMINA: three Firaments, longer than the co- rola; ANTHER# oblong, at firfl purple, afterwards ferruginous, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germewn roundilh; Srvrzs two, flender, feathery, and extended beyond the calyx, jig. 5. COROLLA: GruMwaA univalvis, oblonga, ovata, truncata, quinquenervis, pellucida, nuda, ariftata, jig. 2. Arifia juxta bafin exferta ? corolla duplo longiore, fir. 3. STAMINA: FirAwzNTA tria, corolla longiora; ; AwNTHERJE oblonge, primum purpuree, demum ferruginez, fig. 4. | PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum; SrTvr: duo, cirrhofi,albidi, extra calycem protenfi, fig. 5. Uu M U V M u M U eto Og V X M U U v U u "o, M Ale, ate, ate, et 2 a t e Mo No, " Mu. M Ga Mo, M ASS dede de ae e e IRE Ae NS e a E a E E E Se EE LE ee e Pe DL "Ae Pe Ee ce pre Ide aS ie ode iege Ae o oie gae Ie te ANGEL ERE ERE Oe he DIR EAE ae te It is in the depreffed parts of meadows, where water is occafionally apt to ftagnate, that this fpecies of Fox-Tail Grafs particularly delights to grow, nor is it unfrequent on the edges of ponds, ftreams, and wet ditches, where it often makes its way into the water; it is alfo, though more rarely, found in dry paftures ; and, according to thefe feveral fituations, it is found to vary. In the firft, the ftalks are procumbent at the bafe, fpread themfelves on the ground, and extend a foot or more in length ; before they rife upwards, the {pikes often affume a blackifh or deep purple colour, which caufes it to be noticed by the Farmer, who diftinguifhes it by the name of Black Grafs*. In the fecond, it is very much enlarged in its fize, and approaches near to the Alopecurus pratenfis; but the ftalk flili retains towards the bottom its crooked appearance. In the third, it grows more upright, the fpike becomes much flenderer, and the bafe of the ftalk often fwells out into a kind of bulb, as in the Avena clattior, and this variety has been called Alopecurus bulbofus; in all thefe feveral varieties, the genzcu/atus cannot eafily be miftaken for any other fpecies of Alopecurus. It flowers in June. Cattle eat it readily, neverthelefs it cannot be recommended as a profitable Grafs; nor do tbe more obferving Farmers confider it as fuch : indeed, where fuch Grafs is apt to abound, the beft practice would be to fill up the depreffions, and fow the ground with better Grafles. * The Farmer alfo diflinguifhes the Alopecurus agre/tis (myofuroides, Fl. Lond.) by the name of Black Grafs. fC k 3 SUL S Ea Een : " » » Je n XN E a * ‘ Es ^ - 2 e à n 2 yar , à r : " | tte J 5 1 Sn "Mela aa cite eg mC f . A Vi ME doR s AA j Y: £ , H = j 2 n 1 , irte SY , Pu h * , - j an nor ree j S hei Eri Bubs s 4 reine ye "et " do oe 4 4 & 4 D » * Fi 4 Ju voe Ae a here i 4STXD HOD GGG S : x eat cts * baie 2S ps n Y wey SE ; . ; ? E vo a : : "s i j 4 RS ! x us z : / H L c VES Y » : f£ WE ur Hu V i SHE Oke ae zoo VOTI AT - - 4 ~ ind a. ^ Am oN X. A 3 uin LL S ^ i * a; rd PE : : Lon. xir PPM Le NR NEU T pea oy BO Lhe ae XE A Jo» ete IH rae DX oe wider [U^ copper n TT ERERE i =r $ kh. PIRE! [ ; A Y rera tine e I ie xA ! * ;: xA ul IUe RP C» T. 3 T P Li oe m ^ ; it T * ‘ P ue std d i NUS dE. ! ae ir eee ui a le str AA ATA ERO ae ) : : S : fofawa Mo td ee ee eri lev so Me eet ie te tee epee | ivlaving = - 4 iS. 45. ; : sty ; : RR ME OMS egere eat omg E: de E. up peyote E d üsd sfksi SETA 4 a) UA " IT s E m ems - ides ye, " ie p i & ] tet T Hore mede, ; PO £4 » ree adir Taw p NR 344 ZA dy oo Cer = / J Jonerdy ded. et feup. ' | Bromus GicANTEUS. 'Tarr BROME GRASS. BROMUS, Lin. Gen. Pl. Trranpria A MENGE b A = Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, difticha: arifta iia apicem. Raw Syn. Gen. 97. Hers GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERA. BROMUS giganteus panicula nutante, fpiculis quadrifloris : ariftis brevioribus, Lan. Sy/t. Vegetab. f.108. Spec. Plant. b. 114. Fl. Suec. n. 34. j ‘BROMUS giganteus panicula ramofa nutante, ramis binatis, fpiculis fubquadrifloris arifla bre- ^ vioribus. . Hud/on Fl. Angl. p. 51. BROMUS glaber, locuftis quadrifloris nutantibus, ariftis longiffimis. Haller. haft. m. 1510. BROMUS giganteus. Scofoli Fl. Carn. n. 116. Van. 1. glabra et minor. | GRAMEN bromoides aquaticum latifolium, panicula fparfa tenuiflime ariflata. Scheuchz. Agroft. Pu 204, 1. 5. fig. 19° GRAMEN fylvaticum glabrum, panicula recurva. Vazdl. Paris, 5. 93. GRAMEN avenaceum glabrum, panicula e fpicis raris ftrigofis compofita, ariflis tenuiffimis, Rat hii: 1909. Syn. $. 415. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 104. . ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALK three feet or more in height, upright, fmooth, the joints for the moft part purple. ^ ^ — LEAVES half an inch broad, of a bright-green colour, Ímooth, fhining underneath, furnifhed at the bafe on each fide with two purplifh-brown appendages, which embrace the flalk, /heath below a httle rough to the touch, but not hairy, above fmooth, the membrane very fhort. PANICLE large, even a foot long, loofe, branches generally growing in pairs, all one way, drooping, and roughith. SPICULZE ovato-lanceolate, containing about five flowers, half an inch in length, for the moft part green, fmooth, and bearded: Beards white, a little longer than the f[piculz, crooked, and rough. CALYX: a Giums of two valves, the valves unequal, pointed, green, with white edges, the large valve marked with three, and the fmall one with one fomewhat tranfparent line, fig. 1. COROLLA: a Gruwz of two valves, the valves nearly equal, green, fmooth, the edges white, the outer one largeft hollow, faintly three- rib'd, and bearded, the beard longer than the glume, and proceeding from a little. below the point, the interior one leaft, fomewhat flat and whitifh, fig. 2, 9. É NECTARY : two fmall pomted Gruwzs at the bafe ofthe germen, jig. 4. STAMINA: three capillary, white FILAMENTS; ANTHER.E yellow and forked, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: GznMzw inverfely ovate, green and fhining; Sty Es two, fpreadiog and branch- ed quite to the bottom, fig. 6. magnified, RADIX perennis, fibrofa. ~~ CULMUS tripedalis et ultra, ereCtus, levis, geniculis plerumque purpureis. FOLIA femunciam lata, lete viridia, levia, inferne nitida, bafi appendiculis ex fufco purpureis utrinque, caulem amplexantibus inftruéta, vagina inferne {cabriufcula, minime pilofa, fuperne glabra, membrana breviflima. PANICULA ampla, pedalis etiam, fparfa, ramis plerumque \binatis, nutantibus, fecundis, {cabriufculis. SPICULZE ovato-lanceolate, fubquinquiflore, fem- unciales, plerumque virides, leves, ariftate: Arifi@albe, fpiculis paulo longiores, flexuofe, Ícabra. ! CALYX: GruMaA bivalvis, valvulis inzqualibus, acuminatis, viridibus, marginibus albidis, majore lineis tribus, minore unica fubdiaphana notata, fg. 1. iv COROLLA: GruM A bivalvis, valvulis fubequalibus, viridibus, laevibus, margine albis, exteriore majore, concava, obfolete trinervis, ariftata, arilla gluma longiore paulo infra apicem ex- ferta, interiore minore, planiufcula, albida, SB. 23 3- NECTARIUM: GruMuLX due, accuminate, ad bafin germinis, jig. 4. STAMINA: FitAMENTA tria, capillaria, alba; ANTHER.E flave, bifurce, fiz. 5. ; PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, viride, nitidum; a duo, patentes, ad bafin ufque ramofi, jig. 6. au&t. fig. 7. SEMEN oblongum, ex nigro purpurafcens, intra glumas adherentes, inclufum, fzg. 8, 9. DDSSSES5HS45ES4659999969099968 COS 9 O- 4-0 Q QQOQ Ode OG e qe Oe eoo SiS: 7 SEED oblong, of a blackifh-purple colour, enclofed within the glumes which adhere to it, //7.8, 9. There is only one grafs for which this fpecies of Bromus 1s liable to be miftaken, apnd that is the Bromus hirfutus already figured, they are both large graffes, and grow in fimilar fituations, indeed frequently together: they have been confounded by ScoroLr, who makes the hy/utus a variety of the szranteus; but the leaft attention would have taught him, that they were materially different, 3 The fheath of the lower leaves in the Azr/utus is covered with long fliff hairs, which are wanting in the giganteus ; the leaves of the giganteus are glofly on the under fide, and thofe of the ftalk, near their extremities, appear as if a flack ligature had been tied round them; but there is a character almoft peculiar to this grafs, the bafe of the leaf is terminated by two fmall appendages, of a reddifh-brown colour, which ufually embrace the flalk, and will never fail to diftinguifh it from the /7r/utus: the {picula alío, if no other diftinguifhing charaCter were prefent, would be all-fufficient, being fhorter by almoft one half, containing fewer towers, and having ariftze or awns longer in proportion to the fpicule and more crooked: we may add another cha- - ra&ter which we have difcovered from cultivation, the gzganteus is a perennial, whereas the Awr/utus is only an annual or biennial, a circumftance which we were not fufficiently apprized of when we defcribed that lant. i This grafs is frequent enough in the neighbourhood of London, in woods, and under hedges, efpecially fuch as are accompanied by a wet ditch, nor is it uncommon by the fides of the Thames; the fituation which it affects with us, is more agreeable to the name given it by ScurucHZER, than to the account delivered by Linn us in his Sfecies plantarum, where he fays, habuat wn Europe /yleis ficers : we very rarely or never find it in meadows; hence, though a produétive grafs, there feems not much probability of its becoming a good grafs for meadows or paftures. It flowers from July to September. ers ed Pet hee d MAI AT ES E Be INA 5 i D iS pAEL f0352 2) 1g ‘i at M ca UN) ENS ean 3e dace vla 388, TUR rale Yd or 9s a a $ Td $4 pe Yun WAS suh t P te PUE nho voL m a - Ted" a b. J Sowerly del. et feulp. Tor | ‘aad Ot 24 mette, 323 Horncus woLLIis. Creepinc Sorr-Grass. HOLCUS Lin. Gen. P]. Pocycamia Monorcra. HerMapurop. Cal Gluma 1-f 23-fora. Cor. Gluma ariftata. Stam. 2 Styli 2. Sem. 1. u: Masc. Ca/. Gluma 2-valvis. Cor. o. Stam. ET HOLZCUS mollis radice repente, geniculis villofis, ariftà extra fpiculam productà. HOLCUS zs glumis bifloris nudiufculis ; flofculo hermaphrodito mutico ; Lin. Syff. Veget. p. 760. Sp. Pl. p. 1485. GRAMEN caninum longius radicatum majus et minus. Bauh. Pin. 1. GRAMEN paniculatum molle, radice graminis canini repente. Morif. Hifi. 3. p. 202. PEE i He Boe molle. Rar Hf. 1285. Scheuchz. Agroff. p. 2 35. Vaill. Parif. 5. 87. A miliaceum ariftatatum molle. Raii Syn, p. 404. Hudfon. FL, Angl. ed. 2. 5. : ght fe | Fi. Scot. 5. 651. Schreb. Agroff. / 3 TH a" ; scr d i ue VTL EUREN RICEMUE CC M EI AM CL I V——————————— ORARE maículo arifta geniculata. RADIX perennis, tritici canini inftar repens. Y ROOT perennial, creeping like the garden couch-grafs, CULMI íefquipedales et ultra, fxpius erecti, foliofi, § STALKS a foot and a half or more in height, moft nodofi, geniculis albis, lanatis, culmi etiam t commonly upright, leafy, jointed, the joints fteriles occurrunt ad terram magis reclinati, $ white and woolly, ftems alfo arife producing folus crebrioribus, alternis, lanceolatis, veftiti. Y no {pikes, inclined more to the ground, and B covered with more numerous, alternate, lan- Y ceolate leaves. FOLIA ad tres vel quatuor lineas lata, molli villo pu-Y LEAVES three or four lines in breadth, covered with befcentia, membrana ad bafin folii alba, obtufa, Y foft fhort hairs, the membrane at the bafe of vagina ftriata, fubcarinata, villofa, Y the leaf white and obtufe, the íheath ftriated, ij UT d fomewhat keeled and villous. PANICULA biuncialis, erecta, inftante anthefi diffufa,¥ PANICLE two inches in length, upright, during the demum coarctata. M flowering {pread out, afterwards clofed up. RAMULI panicule purpurafcentes, pilofi. * Y BRANCHES of the panicle purplifh and hairy. SPICULJZE biflorz etiam triflore, fig. 3, 4. albidae feu Y SPICULA containing two, fometimes three flowers, parum purpuratcentes, flofculis omnibus her- 3 Jig- 3, 4. whitifh, or flightly tinged with pur- maphroditis. i ple, all the florets hermaphrodite. CALYX: gluma bivalvis, utrinque ciliata, ceteroquin $ CALYX: a glume of two valves, edged on both fides nuda, valvula alterà majore et paulo longiore, Y with hairs, otherwife naked, one of the valves trinerve, nervis obícure viridibus, fig. 1, 2. i larger and a little longer than the other, hav- j ing three ribs, of an obícure green colour, ELM Y ene COROLLA: bivalvis, valvulis longitudine fübeequali- $ COROLLA of two valves, the valves nearly equal in bus, bafi pilofis, viridibus, exteriore majore, $ length, hairy at bottom, of a green colour, glabra, gibbofa, interiore plana'ad lentem fub- $ the outermoit largeft, fmooth, and gibbous, nervoía, hifpidula, e dorfo majoris valvule ¥ the innermoft flat, fomewhat ribbed when fuperioris flofculi exfurgit arifta fpicula longior y magnified, and a little hifpid, from the back primo recta, demum tortilis, geniculata, fg. So of the largeft valve of the uppermoft flower arifes an awn, longer than the fpicula, at firit ftraight, laftly twifted and bent, fig. 5, 4. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tri, capillada. AwTHrzmz& STAMINA: three capillary FiLAMENTS. ANTHERA . oblonge, flavee, utrinque bifurce, fig. 5. oblong, yellow, forked at each end, jig. 5. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, nitidum, mini- Y PISTILLUM: Germen roundith, fhining, very fmall. mum. STYLI: duo, plumofi, fg. 6. STYLES two, feathery, fig. 6. NECTARIUM : glumulz duz, lanceolate, ad bain ger- Y NECTARY : two, fmall, lanceolate glumes at the bafe minis, fig. 7. SE of the germen, jig. 7. SEMINA duo, nitida, ovato-acuta, altera ariftata, altera Y SEEDS two, fhining, ovate, pointed, the one bearded, mutica, glumis calycinis inclufa, fig. 8. : the other naked, inclofed within the glumes i of the calyx, fg. 8. A€4€«e€€ «€«4 Ae Notwithftanding this grafs has been well named and defcribed by fome of the older Botanifts, particularly Morison and Ray, its characters do not appear to be generally well underftood. Baron Harrzm confiders it as too nearly related to the /anatus, to be with propriety confidered as a diftin& fpecies; and Mr. Licurroor, in his Flora Scotica, entertains fimilar doubts. We have cultivated the two in feparate beds, clofe to each other, for feveral years; have noticed them with a marked attention, where they have grown wild; and, from a variety of characters, are led to confider them- as perfectly diftin&. The moft ftriking of thefe characters we fhall here enumerate. In the firft place they differ widely in their natural places of growth: while the /ematus is moít commonly found in meadows and paftures, the mollis rarely occurs but in woods and its environs. We have, indeed, frequently found the /anatus, which is by far the moft general grafs of the two, in a wood; but we never recollect feeing the mo//’s in meadows or paftures, and but rarely in corn-fields, where it has been faid chiefly to grow. Coomb Wood in particular affords a ftrong inftance of its attachment to fhady fituations. Contrary to what fome authors affert, we have ever found the mollis the leaft plant; or, if it has been obferved equally tall as the other, it has produced by far the moft fcanty panicle; nor do the {piculz, in general, affume that brilliant colour which fo eminently difüngui(hes thofe of the /enatus on their firft coming out. But the character which puts its being a fpecies out of all doubt, is its root; that of the /anatus does not creep, while the mo//s pofleffes that property in a degree equal to the ftrongeft couch-grafs. The other characters which ftrikingly diftinguifh this fpecies are its woolly joints and its large pointed fpiculw, in which the beard, or awn, is invariably much longer than the glumes of the calyx. In fpeaking of the /anatus we took notice of the impropriety of feparating that grafs from the general mafs, becaufe one of the flowers in each {picula was imperfect*. The fructification of the prefent fpecies argues more ftrongly for its union with the others: here both flowers are hermaphrodite, both have ftamina and feathery ftyles, and both produce apparently perfect feeds. Indeed we can perceive no character to diftinguifh it from an aira, to which genus it perhaps with propriety belongs. \ ScHREBER’s figure gives a good reprefentation of the panicle when clofed, but neither reprefents the joints or root well. . As we confider the Holeus lanatus, which is much to be preferred to the prefent fpecies, as a very indifferent grafs for cattle, fo we cannot but look on the mollis as one of the worít {pecies of couch; and, if it fhould ever become a practice to fow certain woods with grafs feeds, this fpecies ought furely to be eradicated. It flowers in July. * ScosoLr, from a circumftance of this fort, has in our opinion abfurdly enough placed the 4vena ¢latior with the Hous. "e didis dent TC ee nci P Wu * d eer fe RUPTURE SUN Pw A ipee E $.f TP Py Mi UE A3orgaot bins od oboe T NS d ie. es SPP M) anf ze pop Quae Gee a j $C ed UNRATE HoRDEUM MURINUM. Watt BaRLEY. HORDEUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Trranprra Dicynta. Cal. lateralis, bivalvis, uniflorus, ternus. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBE GRAMINIFOLLE, FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERS. HORDEUM murinum Woículis lateralibus mafculis ariftatis, involucris intermediis ciliatis. Liz. Sit. Vegetab. p.108, Sp. Pl. p. 126. Fi. Suec. m. 113. HORDEUM fpicis craflis, longe ariftatis, calycinis glumis ariftatis. Haller Hifi. n. 1536. HORDEUM murinum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. m 1241. GRAMEN hordeaceum minus et vulgare. — Baub. Pin. 8. HORDEUM fpurium vulgare. Parkinfon 1147. GRAMEN fecalinum et fecale fylveftre. Ger. emac 53. Raii Syn. p. 391. Wild Rie or Rie-Grafs, Wall-Barley, Way-Bennet. Hudjon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 56. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 108. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida vel fubfufca. Y ROOT annual, fibrous, whitifh or of a brownith colour. CULMI plures, pedales et íefquipedales, fubere&ti, fo- STALKS numerous, a foot or a foot and a half high, liofi, bati procumbentes, infraéti, geniculati, nearly upright, leafy, procumbent at the bafe, geniculis majufeulis, pallidioribus. and crooked or broken, jointed, the joints ra- 3 ther large and paler than the ftalk. LEAVES a hand's-breadth or in fome even fix inches in length, and two or three lines broad, fomewhat glaucous, and covered with a foft down, fur- nifhed at the bafe with two ímall, white, pointed appendages, which embrace the ftalk ; membrane very fhort and obtufe ; foeath {carcely downy. j SPIKES a hand's-breadth or more in length, drooping a little, of a pale green colour, flat, and not . unlike thofe of common barley. CALYX: an InvoLucrum of fix leaves, containing three flowers, the leaves running out to a long briftly point, fhorter than the beards of the corolla, the two intermediate ones broader at the bafe than the others, and edged with hairs, hen FOLIA palmaria in quibufdam etiam fex uncias longa, duas vel tres lines lata, fubglauca, molli pube veftita, bafi appendiculis duabus albis, acu- minatis, amplexicaulibus, inftructa; memébraza breviffima, obtufa; vagina vix pubefcens. SPICZE palmares, et ultra, parum nutantes, pallide vi- rentes, comprefiz, fpicis hordei diftichi haud abfimiles. ! CALYX: IwvorucRuM hexaphyllum, triflorum, fo- llis fetaceis, acuminatis, ariftis corolla bre- vioribus, fcabris, duobus intermediis bafi la- tioribus, ciliatis, frg. 1. jig. t. FLOWER in the middle hermaphrodite, the fide ones males, all alike in fize and fhape, fic. 2. Hermaphrodite Flower. COROLLA of two valves, the outer valve oblong- ovate, with a long point, faintly three-ribbed, {mooth, terminating in a beard or awn, which is rough to the touch, fg. 4. the inner valve FLOS intermedius hermaphroditus, laterales mafculi, omnibus magnitudine et forma fimilibus, jig. 2. | Flos Hermapbrod. COROLLA bivalvis, valvula exterior oblongo-ovata, acuminata, óbfolete trinervis, levis, definens in ariftam biuncialem fcabram, jig. 4. valvula interior lanceolata, plana, medio fulcata, apice DO 44: HELE REE EE ELE REE A946 94H16 6114664 66H 09609 emarginato-truncata, fig. 3. ad bafin exteriorem Y lanceolate, flat, with a groove, truncated at hujus valvule exfertur arifta recta longitudine $ top, and flightly emarginate, fig. 3. at the filamentorum, jig. 8. i outer bafe of this valve arifes a ftraight awn, We. Y the length of the filaments, fg. 8. NECTARIUM: GruMwvuLx dux, acuminate ad ban yNECTARY: two long-pointed, little GLumes, at the germinis, fig. 7. Y bafe of the germen, fig. 7. STAMINA: FIiLAMENTA tria, capillaria, glumis co- ySTAMINA: three capillary FiLAMENTSs, much fhorter rolla multo breviora. .ANTHER#® parve, i than the glumes of the corolla. ANTHERE flavo virefcentes, fig. 5. Y {mall, of a yellowifh green colour, fig, 5. PISTILLUM: GeznMEN ovatum, pubefcens. STYLI EIS TIALUM; GERMEN ovate, downy. STYLES two, duo, reflexi, villofi, fig. 6. reflexed, and villous, fig. 6. Some of the graffes are noxious tothe hufbandman in one way, and fome in another. We have been informed, on the moft refpectable authority, that in the Mle of Thanet this grafs is well known to the inn-keepers, who call it Squirrel-tail Grafs; and find, that if horfes feed on it for fome time, he beards or awns of the {pikes ftick into their gums, and make them fo fore, that they are in danger of being ftarved. ‘The gentleman, who related to me this fac, informed me, that on the road he had a bill put into his hand, fignifying, that at fuch an inn travellers might depend on having good hay for their cattle, without any mixture of Squirrel-tail Grafs. It is chiefly on the edges of paths, at the bottoms of walls, and on the borders of fields, that we find this noxious grafs; and in fuch fituations it 1s extremely common in the neighbourhood of London. Fortunately it is fcldom or never found in the body of paftures and meadows, and confequently it rarely occurs in our hay. It continues to flower and produce feed during the greateft part of the fummer. Weare carfully to diftinguith it from the Hordeum pratenfe of Mr. Hupson, which Linnaus, contrary to the Sp of Ray, VAILLANT, HarLzm, and other refpectable Botanifts, confiders only as a variety of the prefen; 5 hi More adoyledto c Me enin We RE iy OCA SO NEA d d ia i nee p , ope duced etu aro em bx eV. E ; a 8 gut dee ne, tree dae te, usi ee Ha iius. | * Yu ND v We | GR ih Avis b "i i H doi 3 E DITE AVIS T RR wii ab ^ Ms d. 8 > Pa r A. 3 es à ae Vb tod) bbornd « | | bh Push. Ld. | yes d. ined. 3 Ax y1 dks ab 5 y " * : pees ifa : P eigen S ; worden hog} i we oil? fi i e ne tom / 4 Nd ze ) A is oun qodw "RSVEÓM i Lae WAT : 4 dJs2L Me | ; baie ie: ^is Ou T die) di bud sides | | : : ; LAM ror At re if » l le Suk ce! À : f à 1 n , [2 : a Ys V E lj oe - VA ^ ^ > X * SEN S " AEN TS d pus > A + Solviá s had B. MS di fio p des ee jj ; at i Talo fob attori e UOS NC EFIE em VUE: 3$ tain. nU (ect p» vy » bo. , i Y l , i ^ fis bx s NIU (b aa : 2 > A x. y "niai Pn ] ] E NS YKX Uv | T eta: ! i mario. acts actin at fs Hee eager d 730 vint : walt a c et oniy ; Ti un TD - i 3 st oe Rote xum. ! rr [4 " . T NS UN A | MIB V0 "doc f ns ; ^. " 24 sedo) EES 40] 260 ' bs V ny | 3 4 c1 ; C i " " V NW v ~ E 4 At YR xitsds mus e: 1 f y "s x 4 ED DW La 4 ‘ *4 : : T. A 0 J^ M NO Ly ‘ " Jl r * "* is ad^ T , j 5 ve : D " ; : * N * Y " i * ? * ta x » i ? » * , i l4 - * vA. N ! ^ Ul ^ * / " - T C i > / "1i 3 A" AT ATTI. “a 'u - A, ry a * * 1 3; t LI T . LI s * i " LE & ; 1 FA 1 4 iu x AUR . 1 byt x ‘ 1 H ; l ‘ AE " Y ‘yt » Ton T , . À : í 5 ubi ' ev siii UP Ax , i *5 2 " ess : " 1 d. hi Fs i 2 ' ^ \ P 4 * * - 1 ‘ : i 4 D 4 i | -z $ wt * ( y ] ^ ^ " TE » B ‘ : Fus sg t yy he 411 : LH © l ^ ! ] . 1 s f ^ é i - , ; ] ! M f Fe » vet ; "st | € i z 3 ; E ^ Z h E z - " A AN a "ad t * VN EN Tl 4 » h ! ai. : » 3, x » i - , - - B a x » " hd z y ) 9d LE i . nf 2d ' t5 , : 4 . 1 » ; * ' - . D , NET. ARIA * E ; A 1 a LE D i / y ad is iud MELICA UNIFLORA. SINGLE-FLOWEREDMELIC-GRASS. MELICA Lim. Gen. Pl. TRIANDRIA DIGYNIAs Cal. bivalvis, biflorus, rudimentum floris inter flofculos. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBE G@RAMINIFOLIA FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERE. MELICA uniflora panicula rara, calycibus bifloris, flofculo altero hermaphrodito, altero neutro. Refi Fafc. Obf. Bot. 1. p. 10. n. g. GRAMEN avenaceum locuftis rarioribus. Baud. Pin. p. 10. | GRAMEN avenaceum fpica mutica rariore gluma. — Hijff. Ox. III. 1. 7. f. 49. GRAMEN avenaceum nemorenfe, glumis rarioribus ex fufco xerampelinis. Razz Syn, p. 405. GRAMEN avenaceum rariore grano nemorenfe danicum. Lob. Ad. P. Alt. p. 465. zc 1. B. p. 434. MELICA autans petalis imberbibus, panicula fecunda nutante, gluma uniflora, —.Hudfoz. FJ. Angl. ed. 2, p.37. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 95. ) RADIX perennis, fibrofa. 1 ROOT perennial and fibrous. CULMUS fimplex, fefquipedalis et ultra, foliofus, ubi$ STALK fimple, a foot and a half or more in height, vaginis foliorum tegitur fubangulofus, ícaber, t leafy, where it is covered with the fheaths of ftriatus, ad batin fordide purpureus. i theleaves fomewhat angular, rough and ftria- Y ted, at bottom of a dull purple colour. FOLIA caulina quinque circiter, e flavo viridia, plana, Y LEAVES of the ftalk about five in number, of a yel- lineam unam cum dimidia aut duas fere lata, y lowifh-green colour, flat, a line and a half or in acutum mucronem fenfim attenuata, fidi- Y almoft two lines broad, terminating gradually giti deorfum ducantur afpera, fuperne fubpi- $ in a point, rough if drawn backwards betwixt lofa, marginibus ad lentem minutiffime ferru- ¥ the fingers, on the upper fide fomewhat hairy, latis, membrana breviffima, vix ulla, at quod f the edges of the leaves when magnified finely valde fingulare, et notatü dignum, foliolum $ ferrated, the membrane very fhort, ícarce any ; ovato-acuminatum, erectum, coloratum, ex} but what is very remarkable and worthy no- anteriore parte oris vaginzeoritur, nemine ante- Y tice, a {mall ovate leaf with a long point, up-- hac, ne cl. Rezzzo obtervatum, jig. 8. E right, ànd coloured, rifes from the fore-part of the mouth of the fheath, till now unob- | ferved even by the celebrated Refs/us, ffe. 8. FLORES paniculati. P. ¥ FLOWERS growing in a panicle. | | PANICULA rara, pedunculis inferioribus geminis altero PANICLE loofe, the lowermoft flower-ftalks growing breviore, trifloris, etiam feptem aut octo floris Y two together, the one fhorter than the other, in hortis culta, fuperioribus folitariis, bearing three flowers, and even feven or eight when cultivated in gardens, the uppermoft i growing fingly. SPICULZE pedicellate, primo atro-purpurez, mutice, ¥ SPICULZ ftanding on little foot-ftalks, at firft of a biflorae. dark purple colour, beardlefs, each containing ^ 4€4€4€ 494€ Y two flowers. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, biflorus, coloratus, nitidus, 3 CALYX : a Glume of two valves, containing two valvula exteriore majore, ovata, concava, quin- $ ' flowers, coloured and fhining, the cutermoft quenervi, fubmucronata, interiore minore, $ valve ovate, hollow, having five ribs, and ter- ovato-lanceolata, trinervi, fig. I. CUR minated by a fhort point, the innermoft leaft, i ovato-lanceolate, and three-ribbed, fig. 1. FLOS Zermapbrod. feffilis, valvula exterior magna, ven- 3 FLOWER : the hermaphrodite one feffile, the .outer tricofa, marginibus interiorem amplectens, que Y . valve large, bellying out, with its edges em- planiufcula, marginibus membranaceis re- J bracing the inner one, which is flattifh, the flexis, praecipue prope bafin, jig. 2, 3. i " edges membranous and turned back, eípecially 1 near the bafe, fig. 2, 3. feriis pedunculatus, imperfectus, fig. 9. ; idem ¥ the /lerle flower ftanding on a foot-ftalk, and evolutus, fig. 10. Y imperfect, fig. 9. 5 the fame unfolded, fig. ro. STAMINA: FinLAMENTA tria, capillaria, brevia. Ax- 3 STAMINA : three FILAMENTS, capillary and fhort, THER flavefcentes utrinque bifurcate, fig. 4. i ANTHER# yelowifh and forked at each end. ; Sig. A. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, glabrum, nitidum, $ PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovate, fmooth, fhining, and flaveífcens. Sryz1r duo bafi difcreta, divari- ¥ .- yellowiífh. SrvLzs two, feparate at bottom cafa. Sricmara villofa, jig. 5. i and fpreading out. STIGMATA villous, fig. 5. NECTARIUM: Sguamula minima, integra, ad bafin 3 NECTARY : a very minute, entire fcale, at the bafe of germinis, fig. 6. Y the germen, jig. 6. SEMEN ovatum, nitidum, majufculum, nigricans, ¥ SEED ovate, fhining, rather large and blackifh, jig. 7. | S. This elegant fpecies, long fince noticed and defcribed by many of the old Botanifts, particularly Ray, has been overlooked by Linnaus. Profeffor Rerzius *. in the firft faíciculus of his botanical obfervations, defcribes if anew, and gives it the name of uniflora, having found each fpicula to contain only one perfect flower. This name we therefore moft readily adopt. Mr. Hupson, in his Flora Anglica, has miftaken this plant for the nutans of Linn us; and to the zutans has given the name of montana. M The delicacy and ftriking colour of its panicle, joined to its place of growth, readily diftinguithes it from all our other gratfes. : $^: It grows plentifully in moft of the woods near London, and flowers in May and the beginning of June. * Andr. 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La 46e) , Ed : j m Md Um Spe Ne H "uz sx : : OW TRIP SN " n > : | M omnet Pea ad y M3) CARI Vhic *4 ' 4 E ; i ; ^ Á . a. annm ria Ri nr piel " : !, * m 4 vor uoc * ui - , E bs + k b E , E EN : j ¢ meek D ’ - ~ ger - ) ; À T erry Het SAT : : i vi ) i j ibis ; : ‘ ! ^ wo *| ; : " 3 \ ^ > ‘ - 4 , E i " ; ; " é , ^ L " its dz a. ^ " * i » 4 r : ~ A > * ^j ! } $ ! i : , 4 / e UJ * : © ; i s - E * . a * " Y L| 3 ) : , ^ i * : : ‘ » "^ 7 |j ae ' a Y b ^ - * Li r. 3 ; 4 Ma E * é 2 84 2 3 D £ Liv - ] YI ; n. IET sir TIME ic ai t r 1 D » 3 : Tob DU bs. v ] ee e Lf : BI Im 1E: ; ani Peg MT [aie pes eh O73 ula MELICA CERULEA. BLUE MELIC-GRASsS. MELICA Lin. Gen. Pl. Trianpria Dicynia. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Rudimentum floris inter Hofculos. Ratt Syn. Gen. 27. HERB& GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER&: MELICA cerulea panicula coarétata floribus cylindricis. Lin. Sy/t. Vegetab. f. 113. AIRA caerulea folis planis, panicula coarGata, floribus pedunculatis muticis convoluto fubulatis; Lin, Sp. Pl. 95. Fl. Suec. n. 67. POA fpiculis fubulatis panicula rara contraCta. FI. Lapp. 20. | AIRA caerulea. Scopolt Fl, m. 91. GRAMEN arundinaceum enode minus fylvaticum. Bauh. Pin. 7. Scheuch Agroft. 209. GRAMEN pratenfe ferotinum, panicula longa purpurafcente. Razz 51288. Mori. hl. 3. Jugpot. J. 8. 3. 5. f. po. GRAMEN pratenfe fpica Lavendule. — Merr. Pin. 5. Rai Syn. 404. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. $:39. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 96. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris craffis, albidis feu : ROOT perennial, fibrous, thick, whitifh or brownith, fufcefcentibus, flexuofis, villofis. crooked and villous. CULMUS pedalis, fefquipedalis, aut bipedalis, bafi j STALK a foot, a foot and a half, or two feet fub-bulbofus, erectus, unico tantum nodo, ; high, fomewhat bulbous at the bafe, upright, eoque prope bafin inftructo, fuperne nudus, ¢ having only one knot, and that near the levis. à bafe, above naked and fmooth. FOLIA plerumque tria, aut quatuor, palmaria, et 6 LEAVES for the moft part three or four, about a | ultra, ex ceruleo virefcentia, latiufcula, 9 hand's-breadth in length, of a blueifh-green acuminata, rigidula, inferiora plana, fupe- $ colour, rather broad, long-pointed, ftiffifh, riora fubconvoluta, ad margines pilofa, 9 the lower ones flat, the upper ones fome- Membrana nulla, Vagina brevis, ftriata. 3 what rolled up, hairy at the edges, Membrane > none, Sheath fhort and ftriated. FLORES paniculati. 3 FLOWERS growing in a panicle. PANICULA palmaris, et ultra, ramofa, ramis ap- ¢ PANICLE a hand’s-breadth or more in length, preffis, hinc fubfpicata. branched, the branches clofing together fo as to form a kind of fpike. SPICUL E biflore, triflore, et quadriflore, fepius ? SPICUL containing two, three, and four flowers, Oo? vero triflore, fig. 1, 2, 9, cum rudimento but moft commonly three, fig. 1, 2, 3, with flofculi in plerifque, fig. 4, 5, juniores com- ? a rudiment of a flower in moft of them, prefiz, adulte teretiufcule, obtufe, paulu- $ fig. 4, 5, the young ones flattened, the full- lum divergentes. 9 grown ones roundifh, obtufe, flightly di- ? verging. CALYX bivalvis, valvule fubzequales, acute, cari- $ CALYX compofed of two valves, the valves nearly nate, ad margines purpurez, /z. 6. equal, pointed, keeled, the edges purple, Arr fig. 6. COROLLA bivalvis, valvule fubzquales, exteriore 9 COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves majore, interiorem amplectente, trinerve, . nearly equal, the outer one, which 1s largett, fubmucronatá, ad margines purpurea, inte- embracing the inner one, three-ribb’d, flightly riore binerve, pallidiore, obtufa, paulo bre- pointed, the edges purple, the inner valve viore, jig. 7. two-ribb'd, paler, obtufe, anda little fhorter, 4. 7. ! NECTARIUM : SovAMUL E due, breviffimz, late, 3 NEeTALY: two very fhort, broad, truncated, truncate, emarginate, fig. 8. ? emarginate SCALES, ig. 9. STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria; ANTHERJE£ 9 STAMINA: three capillary Firaments; ANTHERS bifurcz, purpurez, fig. 11. $ forked at each end, and purple, fg. 11. PISTILLUM: GzawzwN minimum, glabrum, fub- j PISTILLUM: Gzawzx very minute, fmooth, and ovatum ; STrYL1duo, ramofi, ad bafin ufque ° fomewhat ovate; SryLes two, branched purpurei, fg. 9, 10. rs down to the bottom, and purple, fig. 9. 10. Dep CD So So Our readers, on perufing the above defcription, will quickly perceive, that this grafs does not accord, in every refpe&, with the chara&ters of a Melica ; it has, in general, too many flowers: yet, as the effential part, the rudimentum flofculi, is found in moft of the Spicule, it cannot, perhaps, be more judicioufly arranged. Linn aus, at different periods, appears to have entertained a different opinion of it: in his Flora Lapponica, he confiders it as a Poa; in his Species Plantarum and Flora Suecica, as an Aira; and, lafily, in his Syffema. Vegetabitium, makes it a Melica. If the Spicula be examined when'the plantis young, they are certainly very Poa-like, being pointed, flattened, and containing ufually from three to five flowers; as they advance, their form alters, they become rounder, ‘and more like the flowers of the Aira aquatica: if the rudimentum flofcul? were wanting, it would be difficult to fay with which of the two genera it fhould be placed; that being prefent, the difficulty vanifhes, and we clafs it at once with the Medica. ‘% : Two ftriking peculiarities diftinguifh this grafs: the ftalk has only one knot, and that near its bafe ; and not only its ftamina, but its ftigmata alfo, are of a deep purple colour. MznRzT's name of Gramen Spica Lavendule, is very expreffive of its appearance when in flower. It is a very common grafs on wet, moors and heaths, and flowers from July to the end of September ; it is harfíh and late, and therefore does not feem at all adapted to agricultural purpofes ; it varies greatly in fize. Mr. Licutroor, in his Flora Scotica, informs us, that in the Ifle of Skie, the fifhermen make ropes for their nets of this grafs, which they find by experience will bear the water well without rotting. SCHEUCHZER fays, that befoms are fometimes made of the ftraws. E ui 4 - : ds ; > : . « ! J H 2 : 7 dt A tit " ; ' LAE - » L . ] ^ E. " = E L3 . » d i * E " =. \ \ : i : ‘ iac LI ; ¥ i >. : - ey ; " : : i . : > : ‘ j * " fet ae ee ee a Ee | 3 = TH —Ó T Rte y am ea ER PLE ats i^ 2925 Wea ee 35 AERE t. f. ‘ (ice bg VR ITE ; Eua cac S du cU Que : n'es ui ru Eds ia s PRAE WW, DA) rea he i: NÀ pe das Pw; E TIC p ^ ABA e 1232 1J ; pm * " : 4 3 E Paid nto iy t ies AASOESIRELTIU M Y ave feque dem who eR heel us is E es d 408 i ! ALS tu eA LE raga i "t : ; y wre fur ex Wc MV D Er 4 ; a à ; ; } ee ee ere Y. n ey hs yale , 7M ear Se “A . E P : , : ‘ b vdd ried " V ». » ^ rd 5 f x By ee cs 3 ) "x AUR 1 DS aN " 1 4 i ' Pir eve) “babe ; z Judi qu s PA z Mas db : Ly * xU Wis zi REPE E RRASK a; 4 " ^ - ce, ‘ i ; : a ' x i^ : ‘ LN Pete day 4 " - ji B Fig 2a S: Mee ben ar et: ine io a \ 8i , £kafknuninrd eS qr ie oe uro err i "1 NDS aes SA , 5 t ? Tien : AE rim PEE E "ir i ken Conso 480 ERE «ors DU LV; Tan , a a " " ^ Tus iro i " LUE sad 4 E. ' cunda AE 1 e 3 * M x Ar " om p SN e CU Ta Y iy fe t asian. AMETE . à - (9 M í ; 1 * i | ; . , i, Wu 3 i 4* Ww c v. : : , -Í wt. AA ^ . ; d mo Rare 2 Pe eR ‘ e Sige as he ge Ppt SEE "19 ir T ) 5 "Eier? j ^T ui fr , M " AL Es Y | os e JM : j 1 t'en D E , ST Ly 13 -in fs Ee / - oA te : hy Sie 1 : is e v : VIA ] 4 d duh 4 m v d * * A 4 a " 2 ? Li Rr Li ^ : : PE , f n E b x hy AE » . M ! y te ri M » sn i, . Re MES Bas i: ud ; ; - ^ a T- TRE ay Y dE, - - > j EET "2 ! 44 » E f puis yd 2 e 19 ras s Wo es of. ^ m2 vpn E ty a A eat dere ^ MOM , = OUR diim Fa a Nn ra "E : PN bed E LE , ae a M af PY " PY TEN "A » D ES eres ae mr ies, t 1. 4 Tw dp WP t JUR jd *. Poa AQUATICA. WATER MEADOW GRAss. POA Lin. Gen. Pl, Trianpria Dicyntia. Cal. 2-valvis, multiflorus. Sicula ovata: valvulis margine {cariofis acutiufculis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBA GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERJE, POA aquatica panicula diffufa, fpiculis fexfloris linearibus. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. f- 97. Sj. Fi, p. 98. Fl. Suec. n. 26. | POA altiffima, foliis latiffimis, panicula ampliffima, locuftis diftichis multifloris, Haller hift, n. 1454- POA aquatica. Scopol; Fl. Carn. n. 105. GRAMEN aquaticum paniculatum latifolium, Bauh. Pin. 3. GRAMEN aquaticum majus. Ger. emac.6. Raw Syn. p. 411. Great Water-Reed-Grafs. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 5. 98. RADIX perennis, repens. 9 ROOT perennial, and creéping, CULMUS tripedalis, ad fepedalem, ere&tus, foliofus, $ STALK from three to fix feet high, upright, leafy, craffitie culmi arundinacei, fuperne ubi nudus, 6 the thicknefs of a reed ftraw, on the upper teres, levis, fubtiliffl me ftriatus;. geniculis ¢ part where it is naked, round, fmooth, very flavefcentibus. 0 finely grooved; the joints yellowifh. FOLIA femunciam aut unciam fere lata, utrinque i LEAVES half an inch and almoft an inch broad, glabra, tenuiffime ftriata, carinata, carina 4 {mooth on both fides, very finely grooved, marginibufque afperis, ad bafin folii utrinque h keeled, the keel as well as the edges rough, macula triangularis flava, vagina glabra, à the bafe of the leaf on each fide is marked ftriata, carina prominente, membrana brevis 2 with a yellow triangular fpot, the /heath is obtufa. $ {mooth and ftriated, the keel prominent, the : » membrane {hort and obtufe. PANICULA maxima, femipedalis, aut pedalis, erecta, 4 PANICLE very large, from fix inches to a foot in ramofiffima. 9 length, upright, very much branched. PEDUNCULI fubtriquetri, fcabri, fuperne flexuofi. § FLOWER-STALKS fomewhatthree-cornered, rough, : 6 crooked above. SPICULZ. lanceolate, fubcomprefle 6—8. flore, H SPICUL lanceolate, fomewhat flattened, contain- colore ex fpadiceo et viridi mifto. 0 ing from fix to eight flowers, variegated with * green and purple. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvule membranacez, 6 CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the valves mem- uninervie, ovata, concava, interlore bre- $ branous, one-ribbed, ovate, concave, the in- viore et acutiore. ? nermolt fhorter and more pointed than the other. - : 9 . COROLLA bivalvis, valvule fubzquales, obtufe, ¢ COROLLA compofed of two valves, which are nearly exteriore majore, concava, nervola, ad bafin ? equal, obtufe, the outer one largeít, con- tuberculata, interiore planiufcula. 1 cave, ribbed, with a fmall tubercle at the . $ bafe, the inner one nearly flat. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria, alba, capillaria; An- 9 STAMINA: three, white, capillary Fruamenrts ; THER# Oblonge, utrinque bifide, flave aut $ ANTHER# oblong, bifid at each end, yel- purpuree. @ low or purple. PISTILLUM: GzawzN ovatum, glabrum; Srvrr 9 PISTILLUM: GzmgMwzN, ovate, fmooth; SrvLzs duo, fuperne ramofi, inferne nudi, paulo in- $ two, branched above, naked below, proceed- fra apicem prodeuntes. 0 ing from a little below the top. NECTARIUM: fquamula parva truncata ad bafin § NECTARY : a fmall truncated fcale at the bafe of erminis. | 9 the germen. SEMEN te&um, hinc convexum, ftriatum, inde con- s SEED covered, convex and ftriated on one fide, con- cavum, pallide fufcum. à. cave on the other, of a pale brown colour. The Poa aquatica is one of the largeft as well as the moft ufeful of our graffes ; it conftitutes a great part of the riches of Cambridgefhire, Lincolnfhire, and other counties, where draining the land by means of windmills has taken place ; immenfe tra&s of territory that ufed to be overflown and produce ufelefs aquatics, but which fill retain much moifture, are, by the above procefs, fpontaneoufly covered with this grafs, which not only affords rich pafturage for their cattle in the fummer, but forms the chief part of their winter fodder. It has a powerfully creeping root, and bears frequent mowing well (we have known it cut thrice in one feafon in the vicinity of the Thames); hence it is apt to gain the afcendancy over, rather than be overcome by other plants. ; : ; : “It grows not only in very moift ground, but in the water itfelf: like the Cats-tails, Burr-reed, and feveral other plants of that kind, it foon fills up the watery ditches which furround the meadows in which it grows, and occafions them to require frequent cleanfing ; in this refpe&t it is a formidable plant, even in flow rivers. [n the fle of Ely, they have a particular method of cleaning the rivers, which are liable to be foon choked up by the Arrow-head, Water-lilies, Reeds, &c. by means of an infirument called a Bear, which is an tron roller, in which a number of pieces of iron, like {mall fpades, are fixed; this is drawn up and down the river by horfes, which travel on the banks, and tearing up every plant by the roots, they float and are carried away by the ftream. | The Poa aquatica not only affords fuftenance to cattle, but is a favourite food of the Caterpillar of the Gold-fpot Moth (Phalena Feftuce, Lin.) which Linn aus defcribes as feeding on the Fzfluca fluitans, but which feeds with us chiefly on this grafs : the Moth proceeding from this larva, is one of the moft beautiful which this country produces; the Caterpillar being fmooth and of a green colour, is not eafily diftinguifhed from the grafs on which it feeds ; when full-grown, it ufually bends down the top of one of the leaves, and. underneath it, makes a thin fpinning, in which it changes to chryfalis ; this fpinning, from its whitenefs, is eafily difcovered ; but we muft apprize our readers, that thefe Caterpillars are not very numerous, and that they will be fortunate if they find one or two after a long fearch ; the Moth, Caterpillar, and Chryfalis, are figured in ArBiN's Englifh Infeéts ; but a much better painting of the Moth may be feen 1n RoESEL, Tom. 1. Tab. 30. We have generally Tr them at the commencement of harveft, when the wheat has been in fheaf; Loth comes forth in a week or two. ; ; REE o in the Ile of Ely, a much larger Caterpillar, when full-grown, nearly the fize of the P. Potatoria, hairy and very beautiful, not uncommon on. this grafs; but not having the proper convenience for breeding it, we are as yet unacquainted with the Moth it produces, but fufpeét it will prove a non-defcript. The Poa aquatica flowers as late as Auguft and September. ' i P é D N = oj ce) — — Jr Sowerby: del: et fap. x d'oeil IR d AE UR sidinol sinon. udine aid x Cyri E nw SR a * au mE ad LE zii T AGAR: 1 E b Tic i e H of m v4 Toy » qur AGIA ste 24 d ME ed M d ntiotin sudilihat codi £4 ; = ue t rer Cog aic Ad. ee irit ui sino A103 183: i | E ES ; E E Re ea E pem 2d Ape adea -saleniso einn 3 ode. MIROR " E ba TWO san ‘A ^ ena. 3} zi du pun 40: aga e co 3 dos i. E ino aa 400 A TIMES E avi ie TUA Gases PPG ope sa! AREE iud alls itera nd E eae aleve " eee aide A si savor Vibe CRINE F008 : ai. ui ütladà utes itttordé tham 7 N Der * - uud mii: : E de ES s CRM transl niue 30 soci ETT "iitbssad e'busd s $ EXTAT. ; am teen ud coniu 75 rasis Els Thi dido oie 5-100t bts guo busier $1. £16. vorvil E Py Pam eom Nn. 028% TT ee i pin | ERA y xao ooo d enero E^] i1 Yo *isj s5qdu. eri no sie is -PSYAS. i^ E lotic’ nap ust eiit Li 15 Hinttied gone suy 5 Lou, uL NEED mun pat ovs pu "indiogot. AD wo 9i mom ul c AMICO Foil: ineh andit creed: lb Tot1o iE getintose wisi ij XL NDS TES Porn : sovosb | vlisubero gavel “onal arii 49151092 voto RN BUT .Puiqueb santet 3nd bud o UE d: Dc] i edd grobadud gates od bus. creda nt P ENTM fometor- welinnotalum gudtitnio Estilos virt. n2 3h ROAD ye uen UR "o |. 19H of adi. guivoya BULL fione: 4 i E pdrst ieee ae y aed tole landers tsil maimor bas 5 ; d MES qu WE E dt ao dguór bas Aging 33er d Bute ONE ee ee hs aa : do: = bieladiiu "qu gniworg - b nt pst icq. 2st " “oa a PLA NO. 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Mcr 1vw« OK “quokio. 34i. Adi : 50d mI YG aasie 1 Uto SUR toido £u Uy Pa. rats dun Lf ji f Mi 1 8 ie | » shoet ows 03i ‘Uleuiberignol l'aldiarg mus Jalidasequt écrimol co iy alaouilecibia i dts sama oh pec krey a * E ice i RIA dU (7195 dec : BPorbunwt, ‘iota. noifissor bnt eade id) 83 Mt Mhieutut P audi o 9 alga oe gu oO 1e e BIR Poy Dae ss biel (e «a Vo AA i, ol ^ n no ida quip 5 ont m. Pas RM Mie S i EL. 8 23 said oft: nisvugo ub Ur Xs s aves pe eee Da ! TRE COE Moo X DAC. Do MI TL MN RIT: PUE ou ur DUUM D NE mis tori T^ evi AN lo noidsd! n ei 10:]q zd ‘befabiiaoo aor: "nani motus p jellor» Sub ioni bap biti ait Ye si odd oven od datar ei dos E Sud d DHT ARR RR ase Ares ME n AN: i D ^: e. GA d DUM, = a M ^ eme pe Homie fomno ^as bi es E des Hin & sich its Tiger ddp. pod in a " he ws Id re be Ho < a NV i j ^s - yin ut quis 19 anm ai busco. 13 ec don diio ed e i i et Iünkonr» ruf - Rie pages x tol ali vi Hd e Wer jen ek: Wi) » LN ‘ rit? a LI : ^ I IE no T ee 3 9 3 ILICE: . Las A e bi MURAL AE v. s SHERARDIA ARVENSIS. FIELD SHERARDIA. SHERARDIA Lin. Gen. Pi, Terranpria MoNoGYNIA. "Cor. 1-petala, infundibuliformis. Semina 2, tridentata. Rai Sys. Gen. 12. HErpa STELLAT E. SHERARDIA arven/is folis omnibus verticillatis, floribus terminalibus. Lin. Sv. Vegetab, ps 1256 Spec. Pl. p. tag. Fl. Suec. n. 120. SHERARDIA foliis fenis lanceolatis, floribus feffilibus umbellatis. Haller. Hifi. n. 734. SCHERARDIA arven/is. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. Mos RUBEOLA arvenfis repens cerulea. Bauh. Pin. 334. RUBIA minor pratenfis cerulea. Parkins. p. 276. RUBEOLA parvo flore cexruleo fe fpargens. J. B. III. 719. Rai Syn. p. 225. Little field Madder. Hudfon Fl. Angl.ed. 2. p. 66. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. b. 114. RADIX annua, fibrofiffima, fibrillis rufis. y ROOT annual, extremely fibrous, the fmall fibres red- Y difh brown. CAULES palmares, fpithamzi et ultra, humifufi, af- STALKS a hand's breadth, half a foot or more in length, peri, tetragoni. Y laying on the ground, rough and four-cornered. FOLIA fuperiora verticillata, fena, feu quina, foliolis lan- $ LEAVES: thofe on the upper part of the ftalk growing ceolatis, inferiora numero fenfim decrefcunt, y in whirls, five or fix together, the leaves lan- et latiora fiunt, infima fzpius terna, ovata, Y ceolate, the lower leaves gradually decreafing femiverticillata, omnibus mucronatis, fuperne y in number, and becoming broader, the lower- I bs. : moft generally growing three together, ovate, Y and forming half a whirl, all of them termi- Y nating in a fhort point, and rough on the up- i E per fide. | FLORES umbellati, feffiles, parvi, late purpurei. f FLOWERS growing in umbels, feffile, fmall, of a _ j bright purple colour. PEDUNCULI axillares, folitarii, tetragoni, pera&a flo-y FLOWER-STALKS growing from the ale of the | reícentia longitudine foliolorum. M leaves, fohtary, four-cornered, when the flow- Y ering is over the length of the leaves. CALYX Invorucrum octophyllum, foliolis lanceo- Y CALYX: an Invotucrum of eight leaves, which las, COMPRO ciliatis. , ¥ are lanceolate, keeled and edged with hairs. CALYX PzniANTHIUM parvum, 6-dentatum, fuge CALYX: a fmall Perranrurum, having fix teeth, perum, perfiftens, fig. 1. Y placed on the top of the germen and perma- 1 nent, fig. I. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis. uus cy-Y COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped. ude cylin- lindraceus, longus. — Limóus quadripartitus, Y drical and long. L7; flat, divided into four planus, laciniis acutis, jig. 2. Í fharp fegments, jig. 2. STAMINA: Frramenra quatuor ad apicem tubi po- ¥ STAMINA: four Firaments placed at the top of the fita, demiffo polline reflexa. ANTHER# fim- Y tube, turning back on the fhedding of the pol- plices, pallide purpurea, jig. 3. i len. ANTHERZ fimple, pale purple, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen didymum, oblongum, infe- Y PISTILLUM : Germen double, oblong, beneath the rum, fig. 4. SrTYLus filiformis, fuperne bifi- Y calyx, fiy. 4. STYLE filiform, bifid at top. dus. STIGMATA capitata, fig. 5. Y STIGMATA forming two {mall heads, fig. 5. . PERICARPIUM nullum; fructus oblongus, coronatus, Y SEED-VESSEL none; the fruit oblong, crowned, fe- longitudinaliter in duo femina feparabilis. 1 parable longitudinally into two feeds. SEMINA bina, oblonga, apice tribus acuminibus notata, Y SEEDS two together, oblong, furnifhed at top with hinc convexa inde plana, fs. 6, 7. Y three points, convex on one fide and flat on t the other, jig. 6, 7. Tournerort confidered this plant as a fpecies of Aparine. The more accurate DiLLENIUS made a new genus of it, to which he gave the name of his friend-and patron, that excellent Englhíh Botanift Dr. SHERARD». Vid. Dill. Nov. Pl. Gen. p. 96. | This fmall annual is a native of our corn fields, and common almoft every where, flowering during the greateft part of the fummer. There is a neatnefs in its bloffoms almoft fufficient to recommend it as an ornamental plant: to any other ufe it | does not appear to havethe lea ft pretenfions. VL Sowerby dec ec joule, ee ind Y ^ dS E BOD n. LATE: PE SENS ree SAGINA Lin. Gen. Pl. 'TErRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. LAS "A Aviat cM Cal. 4-phyllus, . Pefala 4« — Caf. 1-locularis, 4- valvis, polyfperma. . Rau Syn. Gen. 24., HERBZ PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERJE. SAGINA afpezala radice annua, caule erectiufculo pabefcepte, —— E sfr i£ SAGINA apetala caule ere&tiufculo pubefcente, floribus alternis apetalis. Lin, Mantif. $59. Syft. mat x VS ESELGU DPA. ns s ge CER 3 No EUN 2 SAGINA caulibus erectis, radice annua, floribus.apetalis. , Ard Sec, 2, p. 22. t. 8. fis. 1. * s SAXIFRAGA Anglica Alfinefolia annua. D. Plot Hifl. Nat. Oxf.c.6.$9.t.9. £.7. Rail Syn. p. 245- Annual Pearl wort. ALSINE Saxifraga graminifolia, flofculis tetrapetalis herbidis st mufcofis. Pluk. Alm. t. 74. te 2: SAGINA procumbens var. C. — Hud/fon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 73. —: RADIX RU HDI Dc ITAL e. leu 3 yROOT annual and fibrous. ANI La CAULES plures, primo. procumbentes, demum ereéti, 38TALKS feveral, at. firft procumbent, afterwards up- unciales, triunciales et ultra, teretes, filiformes, right, from one to three inches or more in hifpiduli, nodofi. height, round, filiform, fomewhat hifpid, and ; ; "xs poised x) 3 ^ AA LEAVES oppofite, linear, and fomewhat. awl-(haped, fhort, terminated by a fine point, and fome- ; v. a ee . what hifpid. ' 7 FLORES alterni, pedunculati. . METÀ |... FLOWERS alternate, and ftanding on foot-ftalks. PEDUNCULI apice primo nutantes, demum erecti, pilis y FLOWER-STALKS firft drooping at top, finally up- FOLIA oppofita, lineari-fübulata, brevia, mucronata, | hifpidula. 4-66 : raris veftiti. 1t ES. . . right, covered with a few hairs. CALYX: Perianruium tetraphyllum fubinde penta- Y CALYX: a Pertanruium of four, fometimes five : 7M phy Dent ] , phyllum, foliolis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, y ovate, obtufe, hollow, {mooth, permanent levibus, perfiftentibus, marginibus pep leaves, with purphíh edges, fig. 1. centibus, fg. I. Y COROLLA : PETALA plerumque quatuor, minutiffima, $ COROLLA: generally compofed of four Peratrs, which tj nudo' oculo vix conípicua, alba, obcordata, Y are extremely {mall, and icarcely vifible to the Ja 2. Y naked eye, white and inverfely heart-fhaped, STAMINA; FILAMENTA quatuor alba, calyce breviora. y STAMINA : four white Firaments, fhorter than the calyx. AmwTHERE white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM and Capfule as in the procumbent Pearl~ wort, ANTHERE alba, fg. 3. PISTILLUM et Capfula ut in Sagina procumbente. 446444 . Mr. Ras, in his Synopfis, confiders this fpecies as diftin& from the procumbens; and informs us, that it differs from it not only in the colour of its ftalks and leaves, which are of a browner hue, but that it has an annual root 5 and that it does not put forth roots at the joints as the procumbens does, he refers to a figure given of it by Por in his Natural Hiftory of Oxfordthire. , Notwithftanding Ray’s deicription, and Pror’s figure, Linnaus, in his Spec. Plant. confidered it only as a variety of the procumbens; but afterwards, more fully convinced by the defcription and figure given of this plant by Arpuini, an Izalan Botanift; he adopts it in his fecond Manéiff2 as a. fpecies. It appears, by Mr. Hunson’s quotations, that be has been no {ftranger to the obfervations of thefe authors; but, in oppofition to them all, he continues it only as a variety. From a thorough conviction of the propriety of Mr. RA v's condu& in making it a fpecies, we have given a feparate figure of it, and fhall not only confirm his account, but give a few additional remarks of our own, which we prefume may finally fettle this matter. The diftincticn of an annual and perennial root, though it cannot be admitted, perhaps, in all cafes as a Ípecific character, muft be allowed to have confiderable weight. To afcertain the conftancy of this character we have for feveral years cultivated the two plants clofe together, on a wall with partitions containing earth; the refult has been that the apetala has proved as regular an annual as the Draba verna, while the procumbens has continued green through the winter; and we have no doubt but this always is the cafe with thefe plants, when they grow in their natural fituatiens. : The procumbens is always procumbent ; and when it grows, as it moft commonly does, in moift fituations, it mats and fpreads on the ground.’ ‘The ftalks of the apeta/a, when the plant is young, Ípread on the ground; but as it advances to maturity they rife up, and, if feveral grow together, become quite erect. Where the plants grow fingly, and in a dry fituation, they neither acquire the fame height, nor the fame degree of uprightnefs. Some- times this fpecies is found on moift fhady walls, much taller and more branched than the Ípecimens we have figured ; but whether the plants of the, apetala be {mall or large, their ftaiks and leaves are always hairy ; while in the procumbens they are perfectly fmooth, the hairs are vifible to the naked eye, and when magnified have no little globules at their extremities, as thofe of the Spergula faginoides have, which comes very near in its appearance to the Pearl-wort: thus we find thefe three difficult plants may, with certainty, be diftinguifhed by their ftalks alone. The apetala is a ímaller plaut than the procumbens, and much finer in its ítalks. Its leaves are alfo fhorter by almoft one-half, and lefs fucculent; and thefe, fo far we have obferved, are the chief differences. From its name one would be led to fuppofe, that it was perfe&ly apetalous; and both LiNwN vs and Ampuiwi deícribe it asfuch. We have generally found it with petals; but fo minute, indeed, as almoft to require a magnifier to render them vifible. Thefe petals we have given a magnified view of, and have reprefented the plant in the feveral ftates in which it is found in dry fituations. . Mr. Ray does not appear to have had an idea of its being a common plant, as he mentions the particular {pots where it was to be found: with us thereis no plant more abundant, efpecially on walls, in gravel walks, where it is a troublefome weed, and on barren heaths. It flowers in May and Fune. There is, perhaps, fcarce any plant that is quicker in ripening its feeds. In our examination of this plant we found the egg of a very fmall moth glued to an unripe capfule, the feeds of which were probably deftined to feed its caterpillar. b, j Ji AUT eM A les Hah Ia aie va LPN. pray du x 4 rips 32:1. j jus f. ght vag 2 NT edbeudfoo1 tI SAM MIR PorAMoGETON cRISPUM. CURLED PoNDwWEED; or GREATER WATER CALTROPS; POTAMOGETON Lin. (m. Pl. ean DRG TRA ON: Calo. Petala 4. Stylus o. Sem: 4. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. HERBJE FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALG POTIUS. POTAMOGETON crifpum foliis ete ts diens apps itive Ghanlads ferratis Lin, Syf. Vah, p.141. Sp. PLp.183. FL. Suec. n. 148. POTAMOGETON: Hall. Hif. 1. 848. POTAMOGETON cripér. Scopali PI. Cara; ni 181: POTAMOGETON foliis ctifpis feu là&tuca randrum, Baub. p. 465: POTAMOGEFON feu fontinalis crifpa. Z B. Ul. p: 778. TRIBULUS aquaticus minor Querciis floribus. Ger, em. 12823 TRIBULUS aquaticus minor prior. Park. 1348. dos Syn. p. 149. The greater Water Calerops: Hudjon Fl. Angl. p. 75. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 122.. RADIX perennis, repens. $ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULES plurimi variz longitudinis, fordide carnei, 3STALKS numerous, of yarious lengths, of a dirty flefha fubdiaphani, comprefli, utrinque fulcati, ramofi. ¥ colour, osse tranfparent, flattened, with. X a groove on each fide, and branched. VAGINZE breves, concolores, vix diftinguendz. ¥ SHEATHS fhort, of the fame colour as the ftalks, (carcely to be diftinguithed. FOLIA feffilia, lanceolata, obtufa, fubdiaphana, crifpa, 3 LEAVES feffile, lanceolate, obtufe, fonewhat tranfpa- {cariofa, nitida, trinervia, ferrulata, inferiori- Y rent, curled, fonorous to the touch, fhining, bus alternis, fuperioribus oppofitis. : three- ribbed, fharply and finely ferrated, the lower ones alternate, the upper ones oppofite. PEDUNCULI axillares, bi feu triunciales, efie GENERAL FLOWER- STALKS growing from the fubcomprefh. ale of the leaves, two or three inches in P __ length, thickifh, and fomewhat flattened. FLORES fpicati, fex five octo, feffiles. sag $ FLOWERS fix or eight, growing in a fpike, and feffile. CAL Y X nullus. CALYX wanting. COROLLA: PrrALA quatuor, fubrotunda, obtufa, $ yCOROLLA: four PrTArs, roundifh, obtufe, hollow, concava, unguiculata, primo M dein pat connected by a little claw, at firft upright, tentia, Ace ales. e fufco viridia, fig. - afterwards {preading and deciduous, of a greenifh brown colour, fig. 1. STAMINA: FrrAMENTA quatuor, breviffima, vix dif- STAMINA: four FILAMENTS, very fhort, fcarcely to tinguenda. ANTHERJE breves, didymee, y : be difünguifhed. are (bor. having Vig. two feparate lobes, of a white colour, Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: GznMINA quatuor, ovato-acuminata. j PISTILLUM : GERMINA four, ovate, with a long point. SrvLus nullus. Sriemara obtufa, jig. Y STYLE none. STiGMA'TÀ obtufe, fig. 3. SEMINA. quatuor, nuda, majufcula, fordide pucr * SEEDS four, naked, rather large, of a dirty green, flat- utrinque comprefla, externe ad bafin denticu- y tened on cuc fide, toothed externally at the lata, fig. 4. x bafe, fig. 4. Moft of the seas of this genus have creeping roots, which penetrating eafily through the mud, caufe them to fpread very faft, fo as foon to fill up a pond or flow river, if unmolefted. We have obferved, that ducks very readily eat not only the feeds, but the leaves of the prefent fpecies, which is one of the moftcommon. ‘The introduction of water-fowl may therefore probably prevent this fpecies at leaft, and perhaps fome of the others, from increafing too much. It flowers in fune and uly. agro m" — 74 UE HE ^ e "ZI LM? 2 ae O4 —— = 347 Z C bref: d 4 PA. vL Sowerby del. ez (feudo. —— “RADIX perennis, crafla, albida, ramofa, repens. PISTILLUM : Germen femiovatum, utrinque ful- , PERICARPIUM: Bacca atra, de fubrotunda, ATROPA BELLADONNA.. DwaALE, or DEADLY | E Nee TS ie DE. | | ATROPA Jin. Gen. Pl Penranpria Monocynia. | Cor.campanulata, Stam. diftantia, Bacca globofa, 2-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 16... erbe Baccifera. ATROPA Belladonna caule herbaceo, folis ovatis integris. Lin. Sy/t. Vegetab. ed. 14. . 221. Sp. Plant. p. 260. : BELLADONNA caule herbaceo, brachiato, foliis ovato lanceolatis, integerrimis. Haller. hift. ^. 579. BELLADONNA trichotoma. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 255. SOLANUM melanocerafus. Bauh. pin. 166. SOLANUM lethale. Ger. emac. 340. Parkinf: 346: Rati Syn. p. 265. Deadly Nightfhade, Dwale. Hud/on Fl. Angl. p.93. Lightfoot El. Scot. p.144. Jacquin Fl. Aufir. t. 309. ROOT perennial, thick, whitifh, branched, and creeping. STALKS feveral, at bottom the thicknefs of one’s finger, three feet or more high, upright, her- baceous, round, branched, in expofed fitua- tions of a dingy purple colour, downy. LEAVES ftanding on footítalks, ovate, pointed, perfectly entire, fmooth on both fides, veiny, | growing in pairs (but unequal in fize) from the fides of the ftalks, from betwixt them rifes the flower-flalk fupporting one flower, and ufually fingle. CAULES plures, bafi' digitum craffi, tripedales et ultra, ereéti, herbacei, teretes, ramofi, in apricis fordide purpurei, pubefcentes. FOLIA petiolata, ovata, acuta, integerrima, utrin- . que levia, venofa, ad latera caulis ramo- rumque gemina et magnitudine inzequalia, inter que pedunculus uniflorus et Ízpius folitarius egreditur. Coe Co D-0 CDO-D --CHODHCD CD CDD» €D- Co» Co CD» PEDUNCULI teretes, vifcidi, ad flores paululum in- $5 FLOWER-STALKS round, vifcid, thickened fome- craffati. what next the flowers. FLORES cernui, inodori, fordide purpurei, fub- ¢ FLOWERS drooping, fcentlefs, of a dingy purple vifcidi, externe nitidi, venofi. ? colour, fomewhat vifcid, externally glofly and veiny. CALYX: PrzniANTMIUM monophyllum, quinque- 5 CALYX: a Pid icards of one leaf, deeply di- partitum, angulatum, laciniis ovato-acumi- : vided into five fegments, angular, the feg- natis, inzqualibus, vifcofis, fig. 1. ? ments ovato-acuminate, unequal, and vil- cous, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata; Tubus bre- $-COROLLA SA ace bell-fhaped ; Tude very viffimus, albus, fubpentagonus ; Limbus $ Íhort, white, {lightly five-cornered; Limb ventricofus, ovatus, ore quinquefido, patulo, 4 bellying out, ovate, mouth fpreading, divided laciniis fubeequalibus, fig. 2. 9 into five equal fegments, fig. 9. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, albida, quorum $ STAMINA: five Firamenrs, whitifh, two of which duo paulo breviora, inferne paulo craffiora, are a little fhorter than the reft, fomewhat pilofa, apice incurva, longitudine tubi; thickeft towards the bafe, and hairy, bent ANTHERJE magne, didyme, lutefcentes, re- down at top, the length of the tube; Ax- mote, fig. 9. THER large, double, yellowifh, and re- mote, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen femiovate, with a groove on each fide, furrounded at bottom witha yellowih gland; Sryze thread-fhaped, longer than the ftamina, inclined down- wards; Sticma forming a little head, tranf- verfely oblong, two-lip'd, of a green colour, catum, ad bafin glandula lutefcente cinétum; SrvLus filiformis, ftaminibus longior, in- clinatus; STIGMA capitatum, ailurgens, tranfverfo-oblongum, bilabtatum, — viride, Sig. 4- SiS. 4. EED-VESSEL : a black, glofly, roundifh Berry, ^ of a fweet tafle, with two cavities, fig. 5, 6. S faporis dulcis, bilocularis, fig. 5, 6. SEEDS numerous, brown, and irregular in fhape, 0 SEMINA plurima, fufca, irregularia, fiz. 7. JA 7- bf. The feeds turn brown before the Berry becomes black. OP/. Semina fufcefcunt priufquam Bacca nigrefcit. XD 40-00 €0 C D C» 9-0 C CDD C9. D «DD CODD €» e» The rage for building, joined to the numerous alterations perpetually making in the environs of London, have been the means of extirpating many plants which formerly grew plentifully around us. To this caufe we are to attribute the lofs of the prefent plant, which the late Sir Witt1am Warson and Mr. SrANEsBY ALCHORNE of the Tower, gentlemen eminent for their knowledge of Britifh plants, have often affured me grew, within their remembrance, in feveral places near town; happily we are now under the neceffity of going much further into the country, if we wifh to fee it grow wild. We have frequently noticed it in many of the chalk-pits in Kent, and in both fhady and expofed fituations elfewhere; in particular, we remember to have feen it growing in great abundance on Keep-Hill, near High Wycomb, Buckinghamfhire. Clofe by the fpot where we obferved it, there chanced to be a little boy; I afked him, if he knew the plant? He anfwered * Yes; it was naughty man's cherries.” I then inquired of him, if he had ever eaten any of the berries? He faid he had, with feveral other children from an adjoining poor-houíe, and that. it made them all very fick, but that none of them had died, Was not this plant fludioufly deftroyed wherever it is found wild, it would be much more common than it is; for there are few plants to which nature has been fo liberal in the means of increafe: it has a very large perennial root, which runs deep into the earth, multiplies greatly, and frequently creeps under ground toa great diftance; added to this, its berries are very numerous, and contain a prodigious quantity of feeds. Forbidding Forbidding as this plant may appear to fome, its large glofly berries are certainly a great temptation to children ; and, therefore, gentlemen, if they have the plant in their gardens, fhould never fuffer it to ripen its fruit. It flowers in June and July ; its berries are ripe in Auguft and September. Numerous inftances of the pernicious, and even deleterious effe&ts of the deadly Nightfhade are on record; among others, fuch of our readers as are fond of hiftory will not be difpleafed with the prolixity of the following account taken from Slazr’s Pharmaco-Botanologia, p. 81. * The Solanum Lethale feems to produce the fame effe&s with the Hyofcyamus, Cynogloffum, and other * intenfe Narcoticks, which ufually, before they affect the perfon with fleep, produce delirious and manaical * fymptoms ; however it 1s an Herd of fo pernicious a nature, that fcarce any Author who treats of it fails, * from proper obfervation, or good information, to give difmal inftances of its bad effects. Simon Pauli * refers us to Lobeltus his Adver/aria, and Bodeus à Stapel. Mr. Rays account of what happened to a * Mendicant Friar, upon the taking a glafs of the infufion of it in mallow wine, gives a good account of the * various fymptoms it produces. In a fhort time, he became delzrzous, after a little (Cachinne) a grinning laughter * like the Rz/us Sardonzcus fucceeded ; after that feveral irregular motions; and at laft a real madne/s, and ** fuch a ftupidity as thofe that are fottifhly drunk have: which after all was cured by a draught of vinegar. * Mr. Miller mentions feveral Children at Croydon, who not long fince were poifoned. Another inftance * of its bad effects has fallen under my own obfervation: two or three perfons not far from hence, having ** got into a gentleman's garden, were delighted with the black berries of the Solanum Lethale, and eat fome of * them; it was very pleafant (within a fhort time after) to fee their frantic humours, geftures, and fpeeches : * but upon their taking of emeticks in due time, they were cured. It is worthy of recital what Mr. Ray * tells us happened to a Lady of Quality of his acquaintance, who having a {mall ulcer a little below her ** eye, which fhe fufpeéted to be cancrous; fhe applied a bit of the leaf of this Solanum, which fo relaxed * the Tunzca Uvea in one night, that fhe could not contra& the Pugilla the next day, fo that the Pugilla of ** the one eye was four times as big as the other ; and upon the removal of the leaf, the fibres recovered their * mufcular tone by degrees: and, left this fhould feem to be merely accidental, fhe repeated the experiment * three times, at which Mr. Ray himfelf was prefent. * But the moft memorable inftance of the direful effe&s of this Plant is to be feen recorded by the cele- * brated Buchanan, in his Hiftory of Scotland, by which we may obferve how the Almighty God can * convert the moft deadly poifons into the fitteft antidotes, for thofe whom he has a mind to preferve. This * obliges me to make a digreffion, not altogether unfuitable, fince it gives the £otan:ca! defcription of a * Plant, writ about a hundred and fifty years,ago, by one who himflelf was no profefled Botanzft, the ufe * made of it, and the wonderful effe&ls 1t produced. ** In the reign of Duncan Y. Keng of Scotland (who was afterwards murdered by Macbeth the Tyrant) * Harold the Dane invaded England, not long before the days of King William the Conqueror : Sweno, his * brother, at the fame time invaded Scotland. Upon his landing in Fife, he obtained a fignal viétory, which * obliged the King of Scotland, with the remainder of his routed forces, to retire to Bertha (an ancient town. * of great note fituated on the river Tay, which was not long after deftroyed by an inundation, and out ** of whofe ruins the town of Perth was built, and now ftands upon the fame river, two miles nearer the ** fea) and purfued them fo clofely, that he laid fiege to the town both by land and water. "The Scots were * put to great ftraits, not for want of provifions, but for want of men to repel the befiegers. Keng Duncan * was a peaceable unactive man; he had fometime before committed the government to the management of * Bancho, of a cunning and fubtle wit; and to Mackbeth, of a fierce, bold, afpiring fpirit. Mackbeth * went to the country to raife a reinforcement, while Bancho treated with the enemy, and firft obtained a ** ceffation of arms, and then fpun out time by framing of articles of peace. The Danes wanted provifions, ** but abounded with men; the Scots abounded in provifions, but wanted men. "The truce was equally ** acceptable to both, efpecially to the Danes, who for the prefent expeCted plenty of all things, and for the * future the conqueft of a whole kingdom. Care was immediately taken by the Scots to afford them all ** manner of liquors, both wine and ale, and they continued to mix with them a good quantity of the * Deadly Nightfhade (this Solanum Lethale, or Somniferum) of which we now treat. The bait took; the * Danes drank plentifully, and were all intoxicated: mad with this poifonous juice, and afleep through * drunkennefs, the Scots fell upon them, killed the moft part, and, with much ado, a few remaining got to * their veffels, while their befotted King was carried, like a fack-load, upon a beaft down to the river, where * there were fcarce failors enough faved from the flaughter to man the velfels." DzrnixG relates, that a friend of his, a Dr. Medley, has feveral times eaten three or four of the berries, - without receiving any hurt: and Harrrm mentions his having feen a medical ftudent fwallow feveral. It is probable that thefe berries will not kill, unlefs many are eaten, but perhaps this poifon, like many others, may a& differently on different conftitutions. Vinegar has been recommended as an antidote to its poifon; but powerful evacuations, particularly vomiting, are moft'to be depended on. In cafes where a poifon of this kind is known to have been fwallowed, - the medical praétitioner will be juftified in a bold praé€tice, for his patient is not only in a very dangerous fituation, but the effe& of emeticks has been known to be leffened by the poifon, fo that fourteen grains of - , Emetick Tartar have been fcarcely fufficient to excite vomiting. , Many fubftances, which in large quantities, or injudicioufly admininiftered, have proved poifonous, in {mall dofes, fkilfully exhibited, have been found extremely efficacious in the cure of difeafes, and hence this, as well as other plants have been tried, particularly im fuch diforders as have no impreffion made on them by common remedies; but after numerous trials, there appears but little hopes of fuccefs from the A£ropa Belladonna. Such as wifh to know the particular difeafes againft which the Deadly and the Garden Nightfhades have been directed, with the various fymptoms they have produced on being taken, may confult GATAKER’S Obfervations on the Internal Ufe of the Nightfhade, with the Supplement; and BRowriELDS Account of the Engl. Nightfhades, and ther Effects, 1757: We have feen a goat eat, without injury, the leaves and ftalks ; and the caterpillar of the Phalena Antiqua, Rocfel t. 39, and Brafice Roefel t. 29, feed on its foliage. ‘olite a phi any Sipuwnile 2a PESE M uti d» SHOP TOY iat bs. quom Ban dv "T Hi | | ; ae vas hte Ohi EMO T n E be Ho d IF DRE mew us "PRO n x i ayer ge EFIE D : 5. . Biaqo ds, E T2000 tpdibt few s dew 21 2S : i JOTHUT : Ws Xm : n EA. : Sid duis UE : pate i! A SE AR Lvcorsis ARVENSIS. FreLp, or SMALL WILD Bucross. ! Ue LYCOPSIS Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MoNOGYNI1A. Corolla tubo incurvato. Raw Syn. Gen. 19. HERB ASPERIFOLLE. LYCOPSIS arvenfis foliis Janceglatis hifpidis, ealycibus florefcentibus ere&is. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. $.160. Sp. PL$.199. Fl. Sue. n. 167. FL. Lappon 77. LYCOPSIS folis afperrimis, undulatis, ferratis, linguiformibus. Hall. hifi. 605. ECHIUM Fuchfii feu Borrago fylvefris. J. B. HL 581. | BUGLOSSUM .Íylveftre. minus. Bauh. pin. 256. Parkinf. 765. Dillen. Nov. Gen. Tab. 9. BUGLOSSA [viyefitis minor. Ger. emac, 799. Raw Syn. $. 297. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 89. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 5. 135. Ww RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, albida. | H ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, and whitifh. ; Y au. CAULIS pedalis, et ultra, erectus, fabangulofus, 9 STALK a foot or more in height, upright, flightly hifpidus, plerumque fuperne tantum ramo- angular, hifpid, for the moft part branched fus. at top only. FOLIA alterna, feffilia, lanceolata, obtufiufcula, pa- pilofo-hifpida, fubtus pallidiora, - ayenia; margine undulata, fubrevoluta. LEAVES alternate, feffile, lanceolate, bluntifh, hifpid, hairs iffuing from {mall papille, paleft on the under fide, veinlefs, waved at the edge, and flightly rolled back. FLORES czrulei, fpicati, fecundi, feffiles, deorfum FLOWERS blue, growing in fpikes, all one way, fpeciantes. | feffile, and turned backward. BRACTEZ7E foliis fubfimiles. ELOBAL AES fomewhat like the leaves them- felves. CALYX: a Per1ANTHIUM deeply divided into five . fegments, hifpid, and permanent; the feg- ments oblong, pointed, and almoft the length of the corolla. CALYX: PzmriANTHIUM, quinquepartitum, hifpi- dum, perfiftens, laciniis oblongis, acutis, longitudine fere corolle. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; Zubus cylindraceus, curvato-flexus, fig. 2. limbus femiquinquefidus, obtufus ; faux claufa fqua- mulis quinque, pilofis, albis, jig. 3. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped ; tude cylindrical, crooked, fig. 2. lm flightly divided into five fegments, obtufe; mouth clofed by five, fmall, white, hairy fcales, FE 3- STAMINA: five FILAMENTS, very minute, at the curvature of the tube of the corolla; An- THER {mall and brown, fig. 4. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, minima, ad flex- uram tubi corolle; ANTHER# parve, fufca, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor, viridia, glabra ; Srvrus filformis, longitudine flaminum ; STIGMA obtufum, fubbifidum, ji. 5. PISTILLUM : GzauiNA four, green and fmooth ; ' Sryve filiform, the length of the ftamina; STIGMA obtufe and flightly bifid, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx finu femina fovens, maximus, laciniis conniventibus donec fe- mina nigrefcant deinde patentibus. SEED-VESSEL none, the Calyx which contains the | feed in its bofom, is very large, clofing together till the feeds grow black, and then fpreading. SEMINA quatuor, majufcula, nigri cantia, reticulato- SEEDS four, largifh, nearly black, with a reticulated rugofa, acutiufcula, fig. 6. or wrinkly furface, and a little pointed; jig. 6. RECEPTACULUM puné&is quatuor fufcis excavatis ‘ RECEPTACLE marked with four round dots, hol- notatum. "LY. lowed out. SOSOS Qo Qo Od Ox «d dq Oddo op «o cp SISO PSB PS GG GGG Co G9 Gp Cp The Lycopfis Arvenfis is a very common plant in the corn fields, efpecially fuch as are fandy, and on dry. banks, in the neighbourhood of London. We have fometimes feen it fo plentiful as to be highly injurious to the hufbandman : it may be found in bloffom from May to July. | The following account of the medicinal virtues of this plant appeared lately in moft of our newfpapers: without vouching for the truth of the report, we have thought it our duty to lay it before our readers, with a fincere wifh that the herb may prove as efficacious in its application, as is here reprefented. * The celebrated M. Jean Fonrana, Member of the learned academy of Turin, has lately publifhed, for «the general good of fuffering mankind, a fpecific remedy againft the ANTHRAX, Or corrofive ulcer, otherwife called Carbuncle, or Plague-Sore. The curative prefcription was communicated to him by the perfon who * has adminiflered it for many years to patients of that defcription, and. with conflant fuccefs. It confifts * fimply in the ufe of a field-plant, called by Linneus, Lvcorsis Arnvensts. Bruife and pound the plant; * lay it on the tumour; fix it there by means of a bandage, and do not touch it before it hath remained twenty- * four hours. During the firft fix or fexen hours, the patient will feel a painful and burning heat in the part. * Jt often happens that on taking off the firft apparel, the flough gets loole and difcovers a wound, which heals * in a few days, by applying to it a plafler of the unguent called Ba/ilicon. 1f the cafe fhould be otherwife, * the firt method of cure muft be repeated. This fecond application of the bruifed plant, which will not * occafion above two hours pain to the patient, will be fully fufficient to remove the flough, and then the ufe * of the above plafter effets a fpeedy and radical cure." | | Y ’ ; E 3 | * ES h | E Ü - . ; : ~ ; - * Jj : Pee ES A np P Ze Eun Lysomachia Nemo: | 22. LvsiMACHIA NEMORUM. Woop MONEYWORT, or LOOSESTRIFE. LYSIMACHIA Zinnei Gen. Pl, PENTANDRIA MOoNOGYNIA. Cor. rotata. Caf. globofa, mucronata, 10-valvis. Raw Syn. Gen. 18. HERB. FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. LYSIMACHIA nemorum foliis ovatis acutis, floribus folitariis, caule procumbente. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. b. 165. Sp. Pl. 5. 211. LYSIMACHIA . caule decumbente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, petiolis alaribus unifloris. Haller hift. ] t pe 298. ANAGALLIS lutea nemorum. Pauli Pin. p. 252. ANAGALLIS lutea. Gerard emac. 618. ANAGALLIS floreluteo. Parkinf 558. ANAGALLIS lutea nummularia fimilis. 7. Bawh. YI. 370. Razi Syn. p..282. Yellow Pimper- nel of the Woods. Hud/on Fl. Ang. 0. 86. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. b. 198. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris albidis. $ ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres whitifh. ; zu 9 1 CAULES plures, decumbentes, teretiufculi, utrinque $ STALKS feveral, decumbent, roundifh, with a fur- fulcati, idque alterne, leves, rubentes, ex 6 row on each fide, and that alternately, ima parte radicantes. {mooth, of a red colour, ftriking root at the bafe. D [0 * FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, utrinque i LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on foot-ftalks, ovate, glabra, fubundulata, e flavo-viridia, venis $ pointed, gloffy on each fide, fomewhat prominulis ; petiolis brevibus, latiufculis. waved, of a yellowifh-green colour, the veins a little prominent; leaf-ftalks fhort and. broadifh. CCo 9 M PEDUNCULI axillares, bini five folitarii, teretes, 9$ FLOWER-STALKS axillary, growing fometimes in uniflori, tenues, quam folia longiores. pairs, fometimes fingly, round, one-flower’d, lender, and longer than the leaves. DODO CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquepartitum, perfiftens, 9 CALYX: a PeR1ANTHIUM deeply divided into five laciniis fubulatis, fubtriangularibus, jig. 1. fegments, and permanent, the fegments awl- ! fhaped, and fomewhat triangular, £z. 1. COROLLA monopetala, flava, tudus nullus; limbus quinquepartitus, laciniis ovatis, fiz. 2. 3. bafi faturatius flavis, nitidifque, in fauce co- rollz glandule flava inter filamenta locantur, et margo corolle glandulis pedicellatis or- natur, jig. O. — COROLLA monopetalous, yellow, tude wanting, the limb divided into five ovate fegments, fa. 2. 3. at bottom more intenfely yellow and Íhining, in the mouth of the corolla {mall yel- low glands are obfervable betwixt the fila- ments, and the edge of the corolla is orna- mented with little glands ftanding on foot- ftalks, fig. 6. XD 5-45 €D €D-€DCD CD D-CD-CDHCD HC 4D OOOO STAMINA : FiLAMENTA quinque, levia erecta, 9 STAMINA: five Firamenrs, fmooth, upright, medio paulo crafliora; ANTHER & oblonge, 6 fomewhat thickeft in the middle; AwTuzR. E incurvate, jig. 4. 5. oblong, bent a little downwards, fiz. 4. 5. wi} . yw ? | | PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, leve; Srv- 9 PISTILLUM: GznwzN roundi(h, fmooth; Sty ez Dc Lus filiformis, apice paulo craffior; STicMA b filiform, fomewhat thickeft at top ; "STIGMA fimplex, fig. 7. ? fimple, jig. 7. PERICARPIUM: CarsuLA globofa, unilocularis, i SEED-VESSEL: a globular Caesurz of one cavity, Sig. 9. d fig. 8. 9 SEMINA plurima, orbiculata, plana, fig. 9. * SEEDS numerous, round, and flat, fz. o. When the bloffoms of this plant are expanded, they fomewhat refemble thofe of the common Pimpernel in fhape, and hence the older Botanifts, who paid little regard to fuch minute but neceflary diftinétions, as the hairinefs of the Filaments, &c. confidered it as an Anagallis; Linn us has joined it with the Moneywort, to which, in its general habit, it bears no {mall affinity, but from which it effentially differs in many particulars ; the leaves, for inftance, are more pointed, the flowers are fmaller, lefs bell-fhaped, and ftand on much longer foot-flalks, and the ftalks are generally redder. This fpecies grows in moift woods, and is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London; in Charlton- . Wood it particularly abounds, flowering from June to September. ^ Senate ae ale some ey eh Raney Lr tar ivo RAS 24e ^ cM ater En leva p^ * * LvstrMACHIA VULGARIS. YELLOW Loosz-sTRiFE. LYSIMACHIA Lin. Gen. P]. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cor. rotata. Caf. globofa, mucronata, decemvalvis. Rari Syn. Gen. 18. HERBZE FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. LYSIMACHIA vulgaris paniculata, racemis terminalibus. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 165. Sp. Pi. p. 209. PI. Suecic. n. 175. LYSIMACHIA folis ovato-lanceolatis, fpicis paniculatis. Ha//. Hif. 630. LYSIMACHIA valgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 214. LYSIMACHIA lutea. I. B.IL got. Ger. emac. 474. LYSIMACHIA lutea major quz Diofcoridis. Bauh. Pin. 245. LYSIMACHIA lutea major vulgaris. Park. 544. Yellow Willow-herb or Loofe ftrife. Rai Syn. 282. .Hudjon Fl. Angi. ed. 2. p. 86. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 138. RADIX perennis, repens. i ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULIS tripedalis et ultra, erectus, ubi folia bina ob-ySTALK three feet or more in height, when the leaves tufe tetragonus, ubi terna fulcatus, feu angu- ¥ grow 1n pairs, obtufely four-cornered; when lofus, angulis obtufis; fuperne hirfutulus, X three together, grooved or angular, angles ob- inferne glaber, ramofus, ad genicula paululum Y tule, the upper part of the ftalk flightly hairy, incraffatus. Y the lower ímooth, branched, and a little Y thickened at the joints. FOLIA bina, feu terna, quaterna et quina etiam obfer- Y LEAVES growing in pairs, or three together, I have vavi, feflilia, ovato-lanceolata, integra, margine y even noticed them growing four or five toge- inzequali, venofa, nuda. Y ther, feffile, ovate and pointed, entire but not perfectly even on the edges, veiny and defti- Y tute of hairs. FLORES paniculati, lutei, racemis terminalibus ex alis 3 FLOWERS yellow, forming a panicle, flower-branches foliorum. i terminal, growing from the alz of the leaves. PEDUNCULI uniflori, fubvifcidi, apice incraffati. $ FLOWER-STALKS fingle-flowered, fomewhat viícid, ¥ and thickened at the extremity. . CALYX: Pertanruivm monophyllum, quinquepar-¥CALYX: a Perianruium of one leaf, deeply divided 444€ titum, acutum, erectum, perfiftens, laciniis ¥ into five fegments, pointed, upright, and per- ftriatis, rubro marginatis, apicibus ante et poft y . manent, the fegments ftriated, and edged with florefcentiam tortuofis. fig. 1. J red, the tips both before and after flowering Y twifted. fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata. Limbus quinquepar- ¥ COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped. Lzmb deeply titus, laciniis ovatis, acutis. //g. 2. i divided into five fegments, which are ovate ¥ and pointed. jig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, inzqualia, corolla ¥ STAMINA : five FinraMENTS, unequal, fhorter than breviora, fubulata, comprefla, viícofa, bafi con- Y the corolla, tapering, flattened, viícid, grow- nata. ANTHERA& incumbentes, fubfagittatz. y ing together at bottom. ANTHER# incum- - bent, fomewhat arrow-fhaped. fig. 3. JB» 3 Y PISTILLUM; GERMEN fubrotundum. — Srvrvs fii- ¥ PISTILLUM: GERMEN roundifh. Sryvr filiform, the formis, longitudine ftaminum, peractà floref- y ength of the ftamina, lengthened out as the centid elongatus. Sr1GMA obtufum. jig. 4. i flowers go off. Sricma blunt. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : CarsurA globofa, unilocularis, de- ; SEED-VESSEL a globular capfule of one cavity, and cemvalvis. | M C ten valves. . SEMINA plurima, minima. $ SEEDS numerous, very minute. RECEPTACULUM globofum, maximum. ^. € RECEPTACLE globular, and very large. Some of the ancient writers attributed a very fingular property to this plant; no lefs than a power of taming ferocious, and reconciling difcordant animals; and hence they derive its name of Lyfimachia*. Others attribute the origin of its name to the learned and brave Lysimacuus, who, they fay, was its firft difcoverer : however this be, our Englith name of Lo/e-/rife appears evidently to be founded on the power thus idly afcribed to it. This herb, though not fo common as its name feems to imply, is tolerably frequent about Lond, in moift meadows, and by water-fides, efpecially in the environs of the Thames. It varies much in the number of the leaves at the joints, and confequently in the angular appearance of its ftalk. The twifted tips of the Calyx, though very remarkable, do not appear to have been- noticed by authors. Such as with to ornament the edge of a river, or piece of water, cannot fele& a more proper plant; but its beautiful effect will be heightened by planting with it the Lythrum Salicaria; both of thefe have ftrong perennial - roots, and will alfo readily grow in gardens where the foil is moift. It flowers in Fuly and duguf. fat Some afcribe to it the power of dying green. * A pugna dirimenda for rw v» páxm eff certamen dirimire, of taking away ftrife or debate between beats, not only thofe that are yoked together, but even thofe that are wild-alfo, by making them tame and quiet, which, as they fay, this herb will do, if it be either put about their yokes or their necks, which how true I leave to them who fhall try and find it fo. Parkins, p. 544. uada doo E B EK OA E: : } ipu i " d : tee Ger eke! eg ee à PRG HS Biba srg pie ji d ; ium : E | N i ‘ ut T OI lj'« : TO ON QUEUE, em ^b. Ten i 2: rco Tel e = : M : Meg, ^ : n UEM foy Kc AM eats +A : i : + 4 if i 2 x f E À ros - ^ t^ H i x P. ‘ DIPL ICE m ^ 5 ar Vx i D dorée d Y ao ved e oy "will ra i ; dt ; Ad D : A vu 83 uy Fs tb ^ p4 5. a. a ; she 5 at Z D - j D ' T hs " : , ‘ ] i$. a: d i cd iy Y AM is : y *- ST 3 NETUS, ' " í je. T v e Votis » Ere" " y ^ D , LJ E i p MEN DS : ] tipi &n3 d MC A ain ro a t » » E : 4 2 \ " "n - ven att j iit Kr 29 4 3 ". dj ^g 5 gamer “wslustiiy 3gdr syd n y Bes Ve , AT Sa | : VEI Ss d e E dw ew, - Aja: d Hyaeil eae ¥t ‘Sate Saks , ese Pia spes » DUK G ann UA 4 * " amy ^» m- ^ Wo E , 5 Ara a td 7 i4 4 » x ; r : PL P » i H io Hh AT Git) " . J d 4 » "TU UPS £ * - 1 : b. =f [ ? e Very ms ian j ja L "E "ENT Siena USE / : | AROSE, £ d 213492» ee usi " «ir í CP WS LA Be A Y , loe BO SL m * : " nt f " EE e ORO, M . Leto rt der É : alee ge a) esf". Ne ci d E : z dA. E) ndn: wR io : LM j^ at DITS on / Y A WES H ^ à * m. , ; Lo t E clutathi e Mon. ee ee A D 4 * E CHENOPODIUM OLIDUM. STINKING BLITE, or ORACH. CHENOPODIUM Zin. Gen. Pl. PzNTANDRIA Dicynia. Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor. o. Semen 1, lenticulare fuperum. Raw Syn. Gen. 5. HERBA FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. CHENOPODIUM Vu/varia folis integerrimis, rhomboideo-ovatis, floribus MO US axil- laribus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 216. Sp. Pl. 921. Fl. Suec. 222. CHENOPODIUM caule diffufo, foliis obtufe lanceolatis. Haller hif. n. 1577. CHENOPODIUM Vulvaria. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 281. ATRIPLEX feetida. Bauh. Pin. 119. ATRIPLEX olida. Ger. emac. 327. ATRIPLEX Ífylveftris foetida. Park. 749. BLITUM fcetidum Vulvaria di&um. Raiz Syn. 9. 156. Stinking Orache. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. f. 107. Lightfoot Fi. Scot. b. 149. Tota planta farina alba pellucida adfperfa. © The whole plant fprinkled with a white pellucid meal. RADIX annua, fibrofa. eed ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULES plures, diffufi, teretes, fubftriati, nudiuf- : STALKS numerous, fpreading, round, fomewhat culi. ftriated, and thinly befet with leaves. FOLIA alterna,. petiolata, rhomboideo-ovata, inte- : gerrima. LEAVES alternate, ftanding on footftalks, rhomboid- ovate, perfectly entire. FLORES axillares et terminales, denfe glomerati, : FLOWERS axillary and terminal, thickly cluftered, Y fubfpicati. and fomewhat fpiked. AY ope te n ee Pe Ee AN e e ie tide ie Ede Ede I FRUCTIFICATIO a reliquis hujus generis vix di- * FRUCTIFICATION fcarcely different from the reft | verfa. | of this genus. Fig. 1. exhibet Calycem, Stamina, cum Piftillo. Fig. 1. exhibits the Calyx, with the Stamina and Pif- tillum. Fig. 2. Semen Calyce inclufum. Fig. 2. The Seed enclofed by the Calyx. » a Ae ORE e M e ge i tede ia eda Fig. 3. Semen feorfim. Omnia auét. Fig. 3. The Seed feparate. All magnified. There is fome difficulty in afcertaining feveral of the plants of this genus, but that difficulty cannot be alleged againít the prefent fpecies, as it 1s at all times, both frefh and dried, difcoverable by its fmell alone ; the whole plant, if ever fo flightly bruifed betwixt the thumb and fingers, communicating a very permanently difagreeable odour, refembling, in the opinion of moft perfons, ftale falt fifh : it is, moreover, a procumbent plant. This fpecies is very common in the neighbourhood of London, on dry banks, and at the foot of walls and paling, where it flowers from July to September. Lxwis errs egregioully when he fays it naturally delights in moift places. | | It is a plant of little confequence, except in a medicinal point of view, and in that its virtues are, perhaps, ill-founded; it retains, however, a place in the London and Edinburgh Difpenfatories. * Stinking Orache, on account of its flrong fcent, is reckoned an ufeful antihyfteric; in which intention, * fome recommend a conferve of the leaves, others a watery infufion, and others a fpirituous tinéture of * them. On fome occafions it may, perhaps, be preferable to the fetids, which have been more commonly made ufe of, as not being accompanied with any pungency or irritation, and feeming to a& merely by * virtue of its odorous principle." Lewis Mat. Med. f. 124. * 1 x } = 1 x 2 1 Hd i j à z D ; , m A LR "T V EOM E nomm d eu hed | «oT t Hd 36024 " b5nmauiti e+e à * P , Wy Less TM u k EI ITE a E | SCANDIX PECTEN. SHEPHERDS NEEDLE, or VEN YD SS OD RID SCANDIX -Zzn. Gen, Pl. PENTANDRIA Dicynia. Corolla radiata. Fructus fubulatus. Petala emarginata. Flofeuld difci - fepe mafculi. Rau Syn.Gen. 131. UwsELLIFER & Hrnn. SCANDIX Peten feminibus levibus roftro longiffimo. Lin. Sy/t. Veget. ed. 14. p. 287. Sp. Pl. p. 368. MYRRHIS: feminis cornu longiffimo. Haller hift. n. 754. SCANDIX Peden. Scopol Fl. Carn. n. 349. SCANDIX femine roftrato vulgaris. Bauh. Pin. 159. PECTEN VENERIS I. B. III. 2. 71. PECTEN VENERIS feu hana Ger. emac. p. 1040. SCANDIX vulgaris, feu Pe&en Veneris. Park. 916. Rai? Syn. f. 2907. Shepherds Needle, or Venuss Comb. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 123. Laghtfoot Fl. Scot. p. 166. Jacquin EH. Auftr. t. 263. : ——— RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, paucis fibrillis in- ? ROOT annual, fimple, whitifh, furnifhed with few {tructa. fibres. o à CAULIS nunc folitarius, nunc plures ex eadem ra- 6 STALK fometimes fingle, fometimes feveral from dice, ramofi, diffufi, villofi, femipedales, aut the fame root, branched, fpreading, villous, pedales, inferne purpurei, aut lineis pur- half a foot ora foot in height, below purple, pureis ftriati, teretes, ad geniculos vix incrat- or fliriped with purple lines, round, and fati. Ícarcely thickened at the joints. LEAVES finely divided like thofe of wild carrot, forming a fheath at bottom, fegments linear, bifid or trifid, pointed, and, if viewed with a microfcope, thinly edged with hairs, fig. 1. INVOLUCRUM : general Involucrum wanting. FOLIA dauci inflar tenuiter divifa, ad bafin vagi- nantia, laciniis linearibus, bifidis trifidifve, acutis, ad lentem rariter ciliatis, fig. 1. INVOLUCRUM onwer/ale nullum. UMBELLA : univerfalis plerumque biradiata. UMBEL : general Umbel ufually compofed of two radii. INVOLUCRUM: parizal Involucrum large, five- . leaved, leaflets ribb'd, edged with hairs, and bifid. FLOWERS of the fmall Umbel from five to feven, for the molt part fertile and white. INVOLUCRUM farizale magnum, pentaphyllum, foliolis nervofis, ciliatis, bifidis. . FLORES Umbellulz quinque ad feptem, plerumque fertiles, albz. COROLLA: PETALA quinque, obverfe ovata, apice COROLLA: five PzTArs, inverfely ovate, bent in inflexa, patentia, exteriore majore, jig. 2. at the tip, fpreading, the outermoft petal largeft, fig. 2. STAMINA five white Firaments; ANTHER E firfl greenifh, finally blackifh, fig. 9. PISTILLUM : Germen flanding on a very fhort footftalk, oblongand flightly hirfute ; Srv Les two, tapering, upright and permanent; . STIGMATA fimple, fg. 4, 5. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quinque, alba; ANTHERA primo virefcentes, demum nigricantes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen_ breviffime pedicellatum, oblongum, hirfutulum ; Srvr: duo, fubu- lati, erecti, perfiftentes; Stigmata fimpli- cla, fig. 4, 5- SEMINA duo, fufca, hinc convexa, ftriata, inde plana hirfutula, in roftrum longifimum ex- currentia, fig. 7. NECTARIUM : ad bafin ftylorum, purpurei coloris, Jf. 6. SEEDS two, brown, convex and firiated on one fide, and flat on the other, flightly hirfute, running out into a very long beak, jig. 7. NECTARY at the bafe of the ftyles, of a purple colour, fig. 6. QD OD Co Q Qo Qo QD Q OOS SOS GP X GG? QC QD D- Gp GOGa POP CO COGO GO GOD (b Goo CD COGO QD SOP a GO Qa CO Go GO CO p Common in corn fields, not only in Great-Britain, but in all the fouthern parts of Europe, fometimes fo plentiful, as to prove injurious to the farmer. Is particularly diftinguifhed from all our other umbelliferous plants by the uncommon length of the beak of the feeds, as well as by the fingularity of the leaves of the Involucellum, which are uncommonly large and bifid. Flowers in June, and ripens its feed in July. Its feed-leaves, on their firft appearance above ground, are uncommonly long. "s ^w ) Velen. Tet le 1g s'biedibus y MI "14, AES E CES ayer ; A ig H 1 ATI y ^ & " : 3 = aa eae ; L ix ae ie PIENE 1 ENS : tx ER i3: » | mE P i " í Arnett ae m ^. . ^ / C * Y-y 1 ' A » ; - fs XE a n r s de ban’ EN ; y : 1 Le 3 D 1 M E * " 4 at cane . E * dd. z " * r n "| rds d : : " £L - > a (s : " LAM À : + ) i £n qc A TN OR n x * oni: i Ie v x E Puis p usen E i ^ : hb B x " d m T 4 " 3 B : f aoe et { M ^ v Li ^ by : tris zi diu ? *a 5 H & L à = : d H Ly i x! o SCC or 1 k RA j deo eo ? * M ! Ried 4 5 a 1 M rod n . MORE E à T x 1 an " P P i : * r E p Hd . s " i Nu n c4 j 1 ^ é yen z : — Yt det y i 4 e LEM T 3 i ^ £s - J f k ' . D " \ Ph La , ; x " 1 H UY de S 4 v ag ri 1d "T. ‘ peer Bes a n vore AUR ; ! T : " E i ^ M 1 re 1 v 1 smart * 4 tm ¢ " oso Tk PA i 7 ¥ 4, - 1 A js m ; ' id 2 [ ! i - & LI Ye i ' : ‘ Ree oA * : j s ^ . " 4 P5 - : * ^ v “ H 4 3 à . , i - ^ ! - E ^ D J Di Lu ? LI , ‘ q 2 ^ i A L4 ahd om F “ D i d d e. 4 E M : . Jh P r em) (3 i is f . 1 ? m^ n 4 4, * * [ a 4 "ms "d - ry , * ' diens vioniiosnb GN " d$; dut : f " - ji 4 r 113 gs M pad ^ , e f v yo , ! " qi noi : . j ] Y ; - rn * r na ddt 3e ni 4 - LX en ge fh s à 4 .1 z - 5 ( E. an ed i ' nO dM "^ l Cus » M A du dons ECRE P n Oe cr A : ; 1 ^ Gg gu H^. paie m Uto BB s be e : Cer dr ME rne A Ain d B un Nps CHEM in^ LINUM USITATISSIMUM. Common Frax, LINUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Penvanpria PENTAGYNIA. Cal..5-phyllus. Petala s. Capf. 5-valvis, 10-locularis. Sem. folitaria. Rai Syn. Gen. 24. Herse PENTAPETALZ VASCULIFERE. T . Jd 1 E 7 . L] L eo ^ ? LINUM zxsftat;ff/mum calycibus capfulifque mucronatis, petalis crenatis, foliis lanceolatis alternis, caule fubíoltario. Lin. Swi. Vegetab. b. 249. Sp. Pl. p. 397. LINUM arvenfe. | Baub. Pin. 214. LINUM fylveftre vulgatius. Park. 1334. Ger. emac. $56. —Raü Sym. p. 362. Manured Flax, Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 133. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 173. a —— UR RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, pallide fufca. t ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, of a pale brown colour. CAULIS erectus, íeíquipedalis, bipedalis et ultra, teres, ¥ STALK upright, a foot and a half, two feet high. or glaber, foliofus, fuperne tantum ramofus. more, round, fmooth, leafy, branched above only. LEAVES lanceolate, feffile, growing thickly together, . without any regular order, almoft upright, perfectly entire. FLOWERS large, of a beautiful blue colour, growing in a panicle. FLOWER-STALKS round and fmooth. CALYX: a PERIANTHIiUM of five leaves, which are ovate, pointed, keeled, permanent, the edge membranous, and if magnified fringed with hairs, jig. 1. COROLLA: 5 blueifh, wedge-fhaped, deciduous Pr- TALS, flreaked with veins of a deeper co- be claws white, tips fomewhat gnawed, © eo STAMINA: FirAMENTA quinque, alba, fubulata, bafi f STAMINA : five white tapering Fit AMENS, dilated at FOLIA lanceolata, feffilia, conferta, {parfa, fuberecta, integerrima, levia, trinervia. FLORES majufculi, pulchre cerulei, paniculati. PEDUNCULI teretes, glabri. i CALYX: Periantuium. s-phyllum, foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, carinatis, perfiftentibus, margine membranaceis, ad lentem ciliatis, fig. 1. COROLLA: PETALA 5, cerulefcentia, cuneifolia, de- cidua, venis faturatioribus picta, unguibus al- bis, apicibus fuberofis, fig. 2. 6444444 4444 4146444 414 6 44 44544 446 4 eH 4414644616443 dilatata. ANrHER# primo oblongz, demum Y the bafe, ANTHER# at firít oblong, finally fagittatze, fig. 3.incumbentes, czerulez, ad ftylos y arrow-fhaped, jig. 3. incumbent, of a blue inclinatee et fubcoadunate, fig. 3. 4. colour, inclined to the ftyles, and fomewhat united, fig. 3, 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, fhining. Srvves five, the length of the filaments, fomewhat club- Íhaped, blueifh, flightly cohermg. SriGMATA fimple, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL: a globular, fomewhat angular and pointed Carsurz, having ten cavities, and five valves, jig. 6. | SEEDS one in each cavity, ovate, pointed, flat and gloffy, fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, nitidum. — SrYri: quinque, longitudine filamentorum, fub-cla- vati, czrulefcentes, apice leviter cohzrentes. STIGMATA fimplicia, jig. 5. PERICARPIUM: Carsura globofa, fubangulata, mu. cronata, decemlocularis, quinquevalvis, jig. 6. SEMINA in fingulo loculamento folitaria, ovato-acuta, comprefla, nitida, jig. 7. "4644 61 EEE AEE LEE ELEE It may be doubted, perhaps, whether the common flax, found in any part of the kingdom, may not originally have been introduced from abroad; yet Mr. Hupson {peaks of it as a common plant in Dorfetfhire and Devonthire, and entertains no idea of its being a doubtful native. However this may be, the few fpecimens of it which we find occafionally in corn fields and among rubbifh, particularly in the neighbourhood of Batterfea (for flax is not culti- vated near London), have doubtlefs been introduced there with the produce of the garden or the corn field. It flowers in June and July. - In the earlieft record we have, flax is mentioned as a plant cultivated in Egypt (Exodus ch. ix. v. 31.) ; for which reafon antiquaries have been furprifed to find the veftments of mummies made of cotton. tis highly probable, however, that mankind made thread of cotton before the ufe of flax was difcovered; for cotton is produced in a ftate ready for fpinning, whereas flax requires a long procefs before it can be brought to that ftate. In the fimplicity of former times, when familiesin this ifland provided within themfelves moft of the neceffaries and conveniencies of life, every garden fupplied a proper quantity of hemp and flax; but the macerating or fteeping, which was neceflary to feparate the thread by rotting the ftalk, was in many places found to render the water fo offenfive and detrimental, that in the reign of Henry VIII. a law was made that ** No perfon fball water << any hemp or flax in any river, running water, fireai, brook, or other common pond, where beafts are ufed to be watered, * on pain of forfeiting, for every time fo doing, twenty fhillings. 33 Hen. VHI. c. 17. $ 1. Might not this incon- venience be prevented, and the procefs much accelerated, by ufing boiling water, and a proper quantity of the afhes of any vegetable? Vid. below. The wiidom of Parliament hath lately thought proper to encourage, by a premium, the growth of hemp and flax in this kingdom, certainly with a very laudable intention, as long as we procure thefe articles from countries where the balance of trade is againft us; or, in other words, while we continue to pay for them in money, and not with our manufactures. The premium is four pence for every fourteen pounds of flax. , The ancients were of opinion, that flax impoverifhed land. |“ Urit enim lini campum feges.” Virg. G.I. v. 77. But, while fpeculative and practical cultivators unfortunately continue to be fuch very diftin&t people, the rules which we find in books cannot be much depended on. However, it may be a caution to’ thofe. who have not a plentiful command of manure not to engage too largely with this plant without proper trials. As flax will be new to wae a) Ua LUI, . Z ‘ 4 i a & Jamendo det. et feudp. to moft of the land im the kingdom, there is little doubt but thatthe produce will at firft be large, and it is very defireable to introduce a new kind of grain into hufbandry to extend the-fucceflion of crops. . “< For the viciffitudes of various grain ** Tend to preferve the vigour of the plain.” Flax not only fupplies us with cloathing, but its feeds, well known by the name of lin-feed, afford an oil of oreat ufe in painting, varnifhing, &c. They arealío ufed medicinally. Infufions of lin-feed, like other mucilaginous liquors, are, ufed as emollients, incraffants, and obtunders of acrimony, in heat of urine RUE cis defiuxions on the lungs, and other like diforders. A fpoonful of the feeds, unbruifed, is (aficent for A quart of water, larger proportions rendering the liquor difagreeably flimy.. The mucilage obtained by infpiflatine the infufions or decoQions is an excellent addition for reducing dilguftful powders into the form of au Elec uy occafioning the compound to país the fauces freely, without flicking or difcovering its tafte in the mouth. Tus exprefled oil is fuppofed to be more of a healing and balfamic nature than the ES of this clafs, and has Been particularly recommended in coughs, {pitting of blood, cholics, and conitipations of the belly. "rins feeds, in fubftance, or the matter remaining after the expreflion of the oil, are eniploved externally in emollient aud maturating cataplafms. In fome places thefe feeds in times of Ícarcity have füpplied the place of grain but appeared to, be an unwholefome as well as au unpalatable food, Tragus relates, that thofe who fed on rhea Zealand had the hypochondres ina fhort time diftended, and the face and other parts fwelled; and that not a few died of thefe complaints. Diu The following refletions communicated to me by a friend will, T. flatter myfelf, not be unacceptable to my readers. Should practice juftify the theory, I will venture to fay, they will be golden reflections to the nation. Some reflections relative to the watering of flax by a new method, fo as to fhorten labour, add to the firength of the flax, and ^ give it a much finer colour, which would render the operation of bleaching fufer and lefs tedious. THOUGH the following refle&ions have for their object an improvement in the very effential article of watering of flax, yet: 1 muft advertile my reader, that they are only theory, and muít depend entirely for their truth and juftification upon future experiments, fkilfully and judicioufly made. Should repeated trials prove the advantage of the method propofed, we may venture to affirm, it would be an improvement that would increafe the national income in the agricultural branch many thoufand pounds annually, would add greatly to the perfection of the linen manufacture, and over and above would fupprefs a very difagreeable nuifance, which the prefent method of watering flax occafions during fome part of the fammer in every flax-growing country. - The intention of watering flax is, in my opinion, to make the boon more brittle or friable, and by foaking to diffolve that gluey kind of fap that makes the bark of plants and trees adhere, ina {mall degree, tothe woody part, The bark is called the harle, and produces the flax; the ufelefs woody part, which remains when the bark is feparated, the boon. To effe& this feparation eafily, the pra&tice has long prevailed of foaking the fiax in water to a certain degree of fermentation, and afterwards drying it. For this foaking fome prefer rivulets that have a {mall current, and others ftagnant water in ponds and lakes. In both thefe ways the water acts as in all other cafes of infufion.and maceration. After two or three weeks it extractsa great many juices of a very {trong quality, which in ponds give the water an inky tinge, and offenfive fmell, and in rivulets mix in the ftrearn, and kill the fih. Nay, if this maceration is too long continued, the extracted and fermented fap will completely kill the flax itfelf: for if, inftead of two or three weeks, the new flax were to lay foaking in the water four or five months, I prefume it would be good for nothing but to be thrown upon the dunghill. Both harle and boon would in that time be completely rotted; yet the harle or flax, when entirely freed from this fap, and manufactured into linen, or into ropes, might be many months under water without being much damaged. As linen, it may be wafhed, fteeped, and boiled in fcalding water twenty times, without lofing much of its ftrength : and as paper, it acquires a kind of incorruptibility. | It appears then effential, to the right management of new flax, toget rid of this pernicicus vegetative fap, and to macerate the boon ; but from the complaints made againft both the methods of watering now in ufe, there 1s reafon to think, that there is fill great room for improvement in that article. In rivulets, the vegetative fap, as it is diflolved, is catried off by the current, to the deftru&ion of the fifh. ‘This prevents the flax from being ftained ; but the operation is tedious, and, I have been told, often not complete, from the uncertainty of knowing the precife times when it is juft enough, and not too much, or perhaps from neglect. In ponds, the inky tinge of the water often ferves as a kind dye to the flax, which imbibes it fo ftrongly, that double the labour in bleaching will hardly bring the linen made of fuch flax to an equality in whitenefs with linen made of flax untinged. ‘This feems to be equally unwife, as though we were to dye cotton black firft, as a means to whiten it afterwards. Thefe ponds befides become a great nuifance to the neighbourhood: the impregnated water is often of fuch a pernicious quality, that cattle, however thirfty, willnot drink of it, and the effluvia of it may perhaps be nearly as infectious as it is offehfive. If this effluvia is really attended with any contagious effects in our cold climates, a thing worth enquiring into, how much more pernicious muft its effeéts have been in the hot climate of Egypt, a country early noted for its great cultivation of flax! From thefe confiderations I have been Jed to think, that the procefs of watering might be greatly improved and fhortened by plunging the new flax, after it is rippled, into {calding water, which, in regard to extracting the vegetative fap, would do in five minutes more than cold water would do in a fortnight, or perhaps more than cold water could do at all, in refpe& to the clearing the plant of that fap. Rough almonds, when thrown into fcalding water, are blanched in an inftant; but perhapsa fortnight macerating thofe almonds in cold water would not make them part fo eafily with their fkins, which are the fame to them as the harle to the flax. Were tea leaves to be infufed in cold water a fortnight, perhaps the tea produced by that infufion would not be fo good-to the tafte, nor fo ftrongly tinged to the eye, as what is effected by ícalding water in five minutes. By the fame analogy, i think, flax, or any {mall twig, would be made to part with its bark much eafier and quicker, by being dipped in boiling water, than by being fteeped in cold water. ‘J his reflection opens a door for a great variety of new experiments in regard to flax, 1 would therefore recommend to gentlemen cultivators and farmers to make repeated trials upon this new fyftem, which would foon afcertain whether it ought to be adopted in practice or rejected. One thing, I think, - think, we may be certain of, that, if the Egyptians watered their flax in our.common manner, they undoubtedly watered it in very warm water, from the great heat of their climate, which probably might make them negle& to. think of water heated by any other means than that of the fun. A good general practice can only be eftablifhed upon repeated trials; but, | am perfuaded, many lofe half the value of their crop by fome of the prefent methods of watering it. ‘Though one experiment may fail, another with a little variation may fucceed, and the importance of the obje& defired to be obtained will juftify a good degree of perfeverance in the profecution of the means. In this view, as the Chinefe thread is faid to be very ítrong, it would be worth while to be acquainted with the practice of that diftant nation in regard to the rearing. and manufacturing of flax, as well as with’ the methods ufed by the Flemings and the Dutch. Boiling water perhaps might at once clear the new flax from many impurities, which, when not removed till {pun into yarn, are then removed with difficulty, and lofs of fubftance to the yarn. Why fhould not the longitu- dinal fibres of the flax, before they be {pun into yarn, be made not only as fine but as clean as poffible ? Upon the new fy{tem propofed, the a& of bleaching would begin immediately after the rippling of the flax ; and a little done then might fave much of what 1s generally done after the {pinning and weaving. ‘To {pin dirty flax, with a view of cleaning it afterwards, appears to be the fame impropriety as though we were to referve part of the dreffing given to leather till after it is made intoa glove. Should the plunging the flax into the boiling water not fuffice to make the boon brittle enough, as I am inclined to think it would not, then the common watering might be added ; but, in this cafe, probably half the time ufually given to the watering would fuffice, and the flax might then be laid in clear rivulets, without any apprehenfions of its infecting the water and poifoning the fifh, or of being difcoloured itfelf; for the boiling water into which it had been previoufly put would have extracted all the poifonous vegetative fap, which, 1 prefume, is what chiefly difcolours the flax, or kills the fith. On the fuppofition that boiling water, in the preparation of flax, may be found to be advantageous and profitable, Ícan recolle& at prefent but one objection againft it being generally adopted. Every flax-grower, it may be faid, could not be expected to have conveniencies for boiling water fufficient for the purpofe, the confumption of water would be great, and fome additional expence would be incurred. In anfwer to this I fhall only obferve, that i prefume any additional expence would be more than reimburfed by the better marketable price ‘of the flax; for otherwife any new improvement, if it will not quit coft, muft be dropped, were it even the fearching after gold. Iu a large cauldron a great deal of flax might be dipped in the fame water, and the confumption perhaps would not be hore than a quart to each fheaf: even a large houfhold pot would be capable of containing one fheaf after another; and I believe the whole objection would be obviated, were the practice to prevail with us, as in Flanders and Holland, that the flax-grower and the flax-drefler fhould be two diftin& profeffions. I fhall conclude with recommending to thofe who are inclined to make experiments, not to be difcouraged by the failure of one or two trials. Perhaps the flax, inftead of being juft plunged into the {calding water, ought to be ‘kept in it five minutes; perhaps a quarter of an hour; perhaps a whole hour. Should five minutes, or a quarter of an hour, or an hour, not be fufficient to make the boon and harle eafily feparate, it might perhaps be found expedient to boil the flax for more than an hour; and fuch boiling, when in this ftate, might in return fave feveral hours boiling in the article of bleaching. It is not, I think, at all probable, that the boiling of the flax with the boon in it would prejudice the harle; for, in the courfe of its future exiftence, it is made to be expofed twenty or forty times to this boiling trial, and, if not detrimental in the one cafe, it is to be prefumed it would not be "detrimental in the other. Perhaps after the boiling it would be proper to pile up the flax in one heap for a whole day, or for half a day, to occafion fome fermentation, or perhaps, immediately after the boiling, it might be proper to wath itin cold water. ‘The great object, when the flax is pulled, is to get the harle from the boon with as little Jofs and damage as poilible ; and if this is accomplifhed in a more complete manner than ufual, confiderable labour and expence will be faved in the future manufacturing of the flax. On this account, I think, much more would be gained than loft, were the two or three laft inches of the roots of the flax to be chopped off, or clipped off, previous to its being either watered or boiled. | The following precaution is neceffary to be obferved, that the flax (hould never be fpread out to dry at a feafon when it may be in danger of being expofed to the £roft. à a ~ Mb ee err : nu e 5 : V Eu meg | Tapa viu MATEY 28 rw s e 1! L ao 2 T DRM d us Mes Mesa 4 : Qi Zt | | rity > ; ^ rus Qiu TI DUET | META y AA: | | FL C ele : pns : = NET | n ! , : SAU - Y att y RF ds / wag » N d 4 Mr ^ iy a : ; ji E EL UTR pa , ^ x Y ] A i | : \ Mew u | i, : | | vu | | : ; 2 i - ‘ * w f à D x n 3 T5 d Dp ance ha ja cm ' j J f * U E 1 : SEE EU et et doe ed e UA j QUA a | | | iy A ach Led pe - my . : 7 | a 54 i 7 " | | ; Me" j i , ic i Tm ae n . : ) & js Y à ) « / | " | : | ida [ 1 " »* T li i | | à Tr tene NECEM E09 : : ; ! | 3 1 gd v , zd ^ " : : 4 : | | B 7 j 1 Qe : p | | i mr) : 4 ee | | a : | I tbi ior 29 in 1 TU. n Hh ed | pe | I | D X 4 | TIS qo : Eur A: " re . 4 - cw h | | | us 4 1 i : ME d | i | : vd u | | Lj r ] : v ^ Ld k- | ! TM j M 4 B £ r | * | | ! ; | Ij » y 1 ws : : | | p 4 ve é . : EA a 4 » D , "ur , í 7 T 2 * | 4 . 1 M^ | j Net tr pt nem | | vs | Xo! Y 4e s db | | ' re ? « ; E ^3 | | ou a 3 à [ A d ds Mai D ] | jw n kd AA E. Nim "y " : eqs em EX i ME á : ? po FH ; : ' | one ' i Yy*ow "Cad . : ^ L nt ; : E 2 | i ; n Ai t 1 | m A. 1 ls | in | raw, ' Li : : x Sa va : E | T B * ED | : | d 3 Wed Oana | 7 WE ele "s | | JE ^e TR OUR ee S 6s De Mia Vl CHECA i EC 1508 RU pte Wr E = RS Soe Ws ELS ewe. 3 : " OCT wur iE ee xU M | | 3 M PCS e 42) e - e Vd WAR rs ha be p mires * ' Lu "x 1 E wa 4 1 4 *5 IE ; i is qe eri ond hero AMA S dne 3r x peg 4 P 5 iI ha BO «e roi En " H Y ut * 4 Leucojum ZEsrivUM. | SUMMER SNOWFLAKE. LEUCOJUM n.Gen.Pl Hexanpria Monoeynia. | Cor. campaniformis, 6-partita, apicibus incraflata. Stigma fimplex. . Rau Syn. Gen, 26. HERBJE RADICE BULBOSA PRADITA. LEUCOJUM = efizvum {patha multiflora, ftylo clavato. Lin. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 316. Sp. Pl. 2. 414. Jacquin Fl. Aufir. t. 203. v. 4. d LEUCOJUM efüvum. Scopols Fl. Carn. n. 399. LEUCOJUM bulbofum majus f multiflorum. Bawh. Pin. 55. LEUCOJUM bulbofum ferotinum majus 1. C/uf: hift. 1. f. 170. LEUCOION bulbofum polyanthemum. Dodon. Stirp hifi. p. 230. The great late flowering _ Bulbous Violet. « Park. Parad. p. 110. un vod ec MC ET E eri LL Sep durs eur EE bt ium Dao EUER. LX EE See toned Oy ess UE BC E RADIX: Bulbus magnitudine nucis caftanee, fub- € ROOT: a Bul) the fize of a chefnut, fomewhat ovate, ovatus, extus pallide fufcus, intus albus, externally of a pale brown colour, internally tunicatus, lamellis plurimis, tenuibus, denfe 9 white, coated, the coats numerous, thin, compactis. and clofely compacted. FOLIA plurima, fefquipedalia, ere&a, fublinearia, ? LEAVES numerous, about a foot and a half in faturate viridia, unciam fere lata, obtufa, $ length, upright, nearly linear, of a deep fuperne plana, inferne leviter carinata, ca-, green colour, almoft an inch in breadth, rina obtufa, exteriora breviora. obtufe, above flat, beneath flightly keeled, ó the keel obtufe, the lowermoft leaves fhorteft. SCAPUS folüs paulo altior, multiflorus, fiftulofus, ? STALK a little higher than the leaves, fupporting fubcompreífus, anceps, fubtortuofus, uno $ many flowers, hollow, flightly flattened, latere nonnunquam obtufo, altero acuto. two-edged, a little twifted, one fide fome- times obtufe, the other acute. PEDUNCULI plerumque quinque ex eadem fpatha, 9? FLOWER-STALKS for the moft part five proceed- uniflori, angulati, longitudine inzequales. ing from the fame fheath, each fupporting a fingle flower, angular, and of unequal lengths. LOWERS white, pendulous, growing all one way, with little fcent. OROLLA fomewhat bell-fhaped, fpreading, Petals fix, ovate, white, finely grooved within fide, not at all uniting at bottom, tips thickifh, a little puckered, and marked with a green fpot. STAMINA fix white, thread-fhaped FirAMzNTSs: ANTHER £ oblong, fomewhat quadrangular, upright, yellow, each cell open at top, Xo ODD o e FLORES albi, penduli, fecundi, vix odori. C m] COROLLA campaniformi-patens, Petala fex, ovata, alba, intus ftriata, bafi minime. coherentia, apicibus craffiufculis, flrictioribus, macula viridi infignitis. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA fex, alba, filiformia : ANn- THER & oblonge, fubquadrangulares, erecta, lutez, apice poris duobus dehifcentes, fig.1,2. slo 2s PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum, inferum: Srv- PISTILIOM GznRMEN fomewhat ovate, beneath ; LUs albus, ftaminibus paulo longior, in- STYLE white, a little longer than the fta- ferne attenuatus, fuperne virefcens; STIGMA 6 mina, tapering downwards, above greenifh; breve, fetaceum, erectum, acutum, fig. 3. PE like a fmall, fhort, upright, pointed riftle, fiz. 9. PERICARPIUM: Capsuza fubpyriformis, mem- 3 SEED-VESSELAA DO fomewhat pear-fhaped, branacea, trilocularis, trivalvis, fig. 4. E membranous, having three cavities and . three valves, fig. 4. SEMINA plura, majufcula, fubrotunda, atra, ni- M SEEDS feveral, fomewhat large, nearly round, black, tentia, fig. 5. 0 and gloffy, fig. 5. DO o SOS OOO OO SDS SD GOD Co COGO oD Flowers about the middle of May. Is found undoubtedly wild, betwixt Greenwich and Woolwich, about half a mile below the former, clofe by the Thames fide, juft above high water mark, growing (where no garden, in all probability, could ever have exifted) with Arundo Phragmites, Caltha baluftris, Oenanthe crocata, and Angelica /ylueftris : Prof. Jacquin, who figures it in the Flora Aufiriaca, and Scorout, in his Flora Carniolica, defcribe it as growing in fimilar fituations ; their words are, cre/cot 2n pratis udis et fub paluftribus. It has alfo been found 1n the 7/le of Dogs, which is the oppofite fhore. | How fo ornamentala plant, growing in fo public a place, could have efcaped the prying eyes of the many Botanifts who have refided in London for fuch a length of time, feems flrange: for my own part, I am perfe&ly fatisfied of its being a native of our ifland, and have no doubt but it will be found in many other arts of it. : 3 The figure we have given, was drawn on the fpot above defcribed, where it grows more luxuriantly than we ufually fee it in gardens; the reafon of which is, that in gardens it feldom has a foil or fituation fufh- ciently moift. The older Botanifts, and even TourNeEFORT, united it with the Snowdrop; and in our gardens it is generally known by the name of the great Summer Snowdrop; but as it differs very effentially in its fruéti- fication from the Galanthus, we have thought it neceflary to give it the new Englifh name of Snowflake, to correfpond in fome degree with the Linnean generic name Leucojum. (owerby del et feudo. A COM PE Y Tea ae CAR Weer . "3 P ne Ca e s) ie Ws wo tk "ww. DE 4a m CoNVALLARIA MAJALIS. LiLy oF THE VALLEY. CONVALLARIA Lin, Gen, Pl. Hexanpria Monoeynia, Cor. fexfida. Bacca maculofa 3-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 16. Herpm BAcciIFER. CONVALLARIA majalis {capo nudo. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 275. Spec. Plant. p. 451. Flor. Suec. Ns 292. . POLYGONATUM fcapo diphyllo, floribus {picatis, nutantibus, campaniformibus. Haller, Hi. n. 12416 CONVALLARIA majalis. Scopolt Ff. Carn. n. 419. LILIUM convallium album. Bauh, Pin. p. 304. LILIUM convallium. Gers Emac. p. 410. flore albo, Parkins. Parad. p. 349. Raw Syn. p. 264. Lily- convally or May Lily. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 146. Lighifoot, Ff. Scot. p. 182. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, teretibus, ; ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous, round, tranfverfm rugofis, horizontaliter paulo infra Y tranfverfely wrinkled, extending horizontally terram in longum extenfis, repentibus. juft below the furface of the earth, and creep- Y ing to a confiderable diftance. SQUAMUE quatuor, vel quinque, fubnervofz, purpu- SCALES four or five flightly ribbed, purplifh, alter- Y rafcentes, alternze, bafin foliorum et {capi ob- nate fcales furround and bind together the bafe 4e — veftiunt et colligant. $ of the leaves and ftalk. FOLIA bina, petiolata, ovata, utrinque acuta, ere&a, y LEAVES growing two together, ftanding on. foot- levia, nervofa, altero plerumque majori, ]zte ¥ ftalks, pointed at each end, upright, fmooth viridia, petiolis teretibus, exteriore puncusy ribbed, one generally larger than the other, of rubris adfperfo, tubulofo ad recipiendum in- Y a bright green colour, foot-ftalks round, the teriorem folidum. i outermoft dotted with red, and tubular to re- | i ceive the inner one which is folid. SCAPUS lateralis, longitudine foliorum, erectus, nudus? STALK lateral, the length of the leaves, upright, na- laevis, femicylindraceus. ked, fmooth, femicylindrical. Y - BRACTAZEA lanceolata, membranacea, fub fingulo pe- 1 FLORAL-LEAF lanceolate, membranous, under each . dunculo, pedunculo brevior. Y flower-ftalk, fhorter than the fower-ftalk, FLORES fex, five o&to, racemofi, nutantes, albi.feu Y FLOWERS fix or eight, growing in a racemus, hanging lutefcentes, odorati. Y down, white or yellowifh, and fweet-fcented. PEDUNCULI uniflori, teretes, filiformes. i FLOWER-STALKS one flowered, round, and filiform. CALYX nullus. CALYX wanting. COROLLA monopetala, globofo-campanulata. Limbusy COROLLA monopetalous, roundifh, bell-fhaped. ‘The {exfidus, laciniis obtufiufculis, reflexis, fig. 1. Limb divided into fix obtufe reflexed feg- ments, fig. I. STAMINA: FiraMENTA fex, fubulata, petalo inferta,¥ STAMINA: fix PiLAMENTS tapering, inferted into the corolla breviora. ANTHER# oblongz, erect, petal, and fhorter than the corolla. ANTHER# biloculares, flava, longitudine filamentorum, Y oblong, upright, bilocular, yellow, the length Jig. 2. ; : of the filaments, fig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, viride. Sryrvusy PISTILLUM: Germen roundifh, green. Sryrz fili- filiformis, ftaminibus longior. STIGMA obtu- $ form, longer than the ftamina. ST1GMA ob- fum, trigonum, jig. 3. tufe, “and three-cornered, fig. 3. A »JS* 3 i 3 PERICARPIUM: Bacca globofa, majufcula, rubra, $ SEED-VESSEL a round, largifh, red Berry, having trilocularis, polyfperma, /zg. 4. - three cavities, and containing many feeds, jig. 4. SEMINA quinque et ultra majufcula, lutefcentia, hinc Y SEEDS five and more, largifh, yellowifh, convex on - convexa, inde plana feu angulata, fg. 5, 6. j one fide, and flat or angular on the other, 1 Jig. 5, 6. Linnaus, in his Flora Lapponica, p. 80. gives his reafons at large for uniting in one genus the Lilium convallium, the Polygonatum, and Unifoltum, and for adopting the name Convaliaria. The Lily of the Valley claims our notice as an ornamental and a medicinal plant. As an ornamental one, few are held in greater eftimation ; indeed, few are the flowers which can boaft fuch delicacy with fuch fragrance; fortu- nately it is moft eafy of cultivation, requiring only to bc placed in the fhady part of a garden, and to betranfplanted now and then, when the roots are too much matted together to produce flowers freely. It bears forcing admirably in pots, and hence the curious may have it in bloffom at leafttwo months in the year. 'Thereis a variety of it with reddifh flowers and double bloffoms. In its wild ftate it is feldom feen in berry; but produces them readily when cultivated. Like many of thofe plants which are eagerly fought after, it is now become rather fcarce in the neighbourhood of London. In Mr. Rav's time it grew plentifully on Hampftead- Heath, but is now fparingly found there. In Lord Mansfield's wood, near the Spaniard, it may be met with in greater abundance; nor is it uncommon in the woods about Dulwich. It flowersin May and June. The flowers readily impart their fragrance, as well as a penetrating bitterifh tafte, both to watery and fpirituous menftrua. Their odorous matter, like that of the white Lily, is very volatile, being totally diffipated in exticcation, and elevated in diftillation ; nor does the diftilled {pirit turn milky on the admixture of water, as thofe fpirits do. which are impregnated with actual oil. The pungency and bitternefs, on the other hand, refide in a fixed matter, which remains entire both in the watery and fpirituous extracts, and which in this concentrated {tate approaches, as CARTHEUSER obferves, to hepatic Aloes. It is principally from the volatile parts of thefe flowers, that medicinal virtues have been expe&ed in nervous and and catarrhous diforders ; but probably their fixt parts alfo, which have no {mell, have perhaps the greateft {hare in their efficacy. The flowers, dried and powdered, and thus divefted of their odoriferous principle, prove ftrongly flérnutatory. Watery or fpirituous extracts made from them, given in dofes of a fcruple or half a dram, act as gentle ftimulating aperients and laxatives, and feem to partake of the purgative virtue as well as of the bitternefa of Aloes. The roots poflefs a greater degree of bitternefs, and a fimilar purgative quality, — Lewis's Mat. Med. 4€ DAC A6 A44 Ka 0 Mis panna “haat epi ann Sdn pte co RET het ‘i ets ' WT j : i ES d & j E , hir A eosam a 1 Vee & 1 5 à : n . , r H ^ ^w 2 t gic apt Sass QULA : ; ae 79 o nue E : - Num a T ; i qot T pro UPS : Hos qu a Aoi NEA, ; i 4 ^l * ^ M z V GM Ua ; 4 N ET 3 E n : Sgt NT d : ee 4 TN he à E DA a diy we oh Tee aie, mae a tenner ane fe 7 VE bs s ect qe afi Sibi breit iad b. i2 ' Y : UIT Ro SLE S P LO M : hp errs vnu | dm: PNE AUAM V (x s UR aN ris Pignus ! Ae qe : i Cie hls cee pud nite? ‘om Wee c ; erc pr n MAR SA. istas Ts i33 3 : UNS ; , f , U H Sih ; Hier Le c mM a af OM . ; 1 i a : ns 4 Ad $994 ^ - e UN PY) : HN Taw (pat ea j hey ie 3 EUM. RBOE bru Pm A b feet Pe ee e RO Lt ets kf Hd queas 1-4 GE eh i s S 5 3 ^ LN ¢ "i - 3 ; ; x ^ ) x . » 3 / j | hy rates, " E libus: 7 1 Y y r Zl FA b J quo VO NN DET ] ) ' n * i » r eh l » ; A ft (RUSSE pn } i ] 4 oe ; j [4 * x ' ‘ ) " 4, '» Y * if Y - . RAS Reg fe wirsed Gee wie | aye r 3 Hg 0 p LL É ^it Fide n J ‘ " x HE LÀ d A ^ EN j] \ ^ E ; . i3 : UP VM x fn ift TES og OA rt j p E oy Ju ] 4 ITIN t ! x oes Lidia ha or tri j aT : 1 oU Ge ; lee ive yc Juncus Pitosus. SMALL Harry Woop-Rusux. JUNCUS Lin Gen. Pl. Hexanpria Monocynia. Cal. 6-phyllus, Cor. o. Caff. 1-locularis. Ra Syn. Gen. 27. HERB GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERA, JUNOCUS filofus folus planis pilofis, corymbo ramofo. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. 5. 280. Sp. Pl. 468. Fl. Suec. 308. : JUNCUS folis planis, hirfutus, floribus umbellatis, folitariis, petiolatis, arifatis, Haller hift. ^. 1925. JUNCUS fpilofus. Scopolt Fl. Carn. m. 435. GRAMEN nemorofum hirfutum latifolium minus. Bauhin pin. 7. GRAMEN nemorofum hirfutum. Ger. emac.19. majus Park. 1184. GRAMEN nemorofum hirfutum vulgare. Ratt Syn. p. 416. Small hairy Wood-Rufh. — Hud/on. fl. Angl. p. 151. Lightfoot. Fl. Scot. f. 186. 1 ———— i EU € 1 RADIX pererinis, fibrofa, fibris numerofis, fufcis, fto- € ROOT perennial, and fibrous, fibres numerous and lonibus brevibus acutis quoque inftruitur, ita : brown, it is alfo furnifhed with fhort pointed ut fubrepens dici poteft. ji fhoots, fo that it may be called fomewhat 5 creeping. . CULMI plures, ex eadem radice, fpithamei et ultra, 6 STALKS many from the fame root, about a fpan in fubereéti, foliofi, fuperne nudi, fimplices, ? length, fometimes more, nearly upright, leves, ftriati, teretes, tribus aut quatuor 9 leafy, naked above, fimple, fmooth, ftria- geniculis minime protuberantibus inftru&i. i ted, round, furnifhed with three or four M joints, which do not protuberate. FOLIA radicalia plurima, tres quatuorve uncias ? LEAVES next the root numerous, three or four longa, lineas tres, trefque cum dimidia lata, $ inches long, and three lines or three and a ad bafin paulo anguftiora, parum concava, 9 half broad, fomewhat narrowefl at the bafe, fuperne obfcure plerumque virentia et levia $ a little concave, above generally of a dull glabraque, inferne dilutius virentia et glabra, 9 green colour, fmooth and rather glofly, ad margines autem, raris et longis pilis $j beneath of a paler green, and flightly glofly, villofa, denfius autem hirfuta funt verfus 9 at the edges efpecially, covered witha few eorum origines, fepe rubentia, apice obtu- long hairs, which are moft numerous towards fiufcula et fubtruncata, caulina plana. the bafe of the leaf, often of a reddifh colour, a little blunt and as it were cut off at the point, the ftalk leaves flat. FLOWERS forming a fpreading panicle. FLOWER-STALKS of unequal lengths, a few of them fimple, moft of them proliferous, di- chotomous or trichotomous, finally ftretcht out backward, all of them fupporting a fingle flower, the intermediate ones feffile. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, fig. 1. a Perianthi- * um of fix leaves, which are oblong, pointed, keel'd, concave, of a purplifh brown colour FLORES paniculati, panicula diffufa. PEDUNCULI inzquales, pauci fimplices, plures proliferi, dichotom1 et trichotomi, demum retro porrecti, omnes uniflori, flofculis inter- medus feffilibus. CALYX Gluma bivalvis, fgg. 1. Perianthium hexa- phyllum, foliolis oblongis, acuminatis, cari- natis, concavis, ex purpureo fufcis, perfif- i | tentibus, fig. 2. aut. and permanent, fig. 2. magnified. COROLLA nulla. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: Fitamenta fex, capillaria, breviffima, ® STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, capillary and very ANTHER4& oblonge, erecta, flave, fig. 3. 0 fhort; AnTHER# oblong, upright, and: ; : yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum, acuminatum; 6 PISTILLUM: Germen three-cornered, pointed ; DOD ODD ODODDODOSSOOCSSOS SOS SrYvLus brevis, filiformis; STIGMATA tia, f STYLE fhort, filiform: Sricmartra three, longa, filiformia, villofa, jig. 4. $ long, filiform, and villous, jig.4. The Funcus pilofus, /ylvaticus, and campeftris, are diftinguifhed from the other fpecies, by their grafs-like hairy leaves; the firft of thefe has fome little affinity with the campeftris already figured, but differs from it, not only in its place of growth, but in having its flowers ftand fingly, and not in clufters; while the campefiris delights in expofed, the fzlo/us is found only in woods, and fhady fituations ; and from this circumftance we may perhaps in fome degree account for its flowering earlier than any of the others, for if the feafon be not very unfavourable, it will begin to flower in February, and is ufually out of bloom the beginning of May. x We know of no ufe to which this fpecies, or the /ylvatecus, is applicable; nor yet from the places they inhabit, can they be confidered in any degree noxious in Agriculture. "on ot A T azuIL NE CAE EN OU Ru 344. aS Sowaty del. eb feulp. ; ] . 7 Juncus SyLvatTicus. Great Hairy Woop-Rusu. JUNCUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Hixanpria Monoeynta. Cal. 6-phyllus. Cor. o. Caf. 1-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBA GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER £. JUNCUS J/leaticus folis planis pilofis, corymbo decompofito, floribus fafciculatis feflilibus. Hudfon Fl. Angl. 5. 15i. JUNCUS folis planis hirfutis, floribus paniculatis, fafciculatis. Haller hi. -. 1324. GRAMEN nemorofum hirfutum latifolium majus. Scheuch. Agroft. p. 317- C. B. Pin. 7. GRAMEN nemorofum hirfutum latifolium maximum; Rati Syn. b. 416. The greateft broad: leaved hairy Wood-Grafs. | GRAMEN luzule maximum. 7. B.IL 493. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 180. r] Authors have:contributed nota little to miflead ftudents, by defcribing this fpecies of Juncus, as uncom- , monly large and fcarce, and it is probable that Mr. RAv would not have confidered it as a fpecies, had he | not by accident met with fome very luxuriant fpecimens of it; in certain fituations it doubtlefs may be found very large, and tall, but it more ufually occurs with a flalk a little more than a foot high; of fome plants growing in my garden, clofe to each other, in a moift, but not very fhady fituation, the comparative height | of the Juncus campeftris, pilofus, and /ylvaticus, was as follows, campefiris g inches, frlofus 11, and /ylva- ticus 15; the account of its being a fcarce plant is {till more erroneous, as there 1s hardly a wood in the ~ neighbourhood of London, nor as far as we have obferved in any part of the kingdom, in which they do not grow plentifully together; they do fo at leaft in Bifhop’s-Wood, Hampftead, which is near the fpot where Mr. Ray defcribes his plant as growing. | By Linn us this plant is confidered as a variety only of the pzlofus: Mr. Hupson and Baron Harrzm, examining it with more attention than LixN us, make a diftin& fpecies of it, and give fuch a defcription of it as cannot fail to make it known. | To the chara&ters given in their fynonyms above quoted, we may add that the leaves are not only much. broader, and more concave, but more fharply pointed than thofe of the fz/o/us, that it flowers three weeks or a month later, and that when the flowering is over, the flower-ftalks of the fzlo/us are more reflexed or pendulous than thofe of the /ylvatzcus. | This fpecies flowers in May, or earlier if the feafon be a mild one. A4 dou Quvecrdiem iu whe. ina nara pa " E LE t Wo s 1 1 : E: - an 2 CO C TX c er] dis * 2s 83 e Lm / Cu bo oo Q JL Sowerby aet. ec fend . ArtisMA PLANTAGO. GREAT WATER-PLANTAIN. ALISMA Zin. Gen. P], Hexanpria PorvovwiA. Cal. 3-phyllus. Pefala 3. Sem. plura. Rau Syn. Gen. 15. HERBA SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMJE, ALISMA Plantago folis ovatis acutis, fructibus obtufe trigonis. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 288. Shee. iets p» 486, FI, Suec. m". 323. DAMASONIUM foliis ellipticis, lanceolatis, capitulo rotunde triquetro. Haller. Hift. n. 1184. ALISMA Plantago. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 449. PLANTAGO aquatica latifolia. Baub. Pin. 190. PLANTAGO aquatica major. Ger. emac. 417. Park. 1245. Rati Syn. 2 57. Great Water-Plaintain, Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 159. Lightfoot BR Scot. p. 193. | RADIX perennis, alba, bulbiformis, tunicata, denfiffi:r gy ROOT perennial, white, fomewhat bulbous, coated, mis fibris capillata. and furnifhed with a tuft of numerous fibres. FOLIA omnia radicalia, longe petiolata, ovata, acuta, $ LEAVES all fpringing from the root, {tanding on long ' glabra, nervofa, integerrima, erecta, fubun- Y foot-ftalks, ovate, pointed, aaah, ribbed, dulata, petiolis femiteretibus, bafi vaginanti- i perfectly entire, upright, flightly waved, the bus, purpuraícentibus. Y foot-ftalks femicylindrical, at bottom fheath- i ing and purplifh. SCAPUS obtufe trigonus, nudus, levis, pedalis ad tri- ¥STALK obtufely three-cornered, naked, fmooth, from pedalem. . i one to three feet in height. ,RAMI floriferi verticillatim circa fcapum difpofiti, utut y BRANCHES producing the flowers difpofed in whirls ramuli circa ramos, numero quam maxime Y round the ftalk and the leffer branches in a variantes, nudi. : | fimilar manner round them, varying greatly in number, and naked. STIPULZ ad bafin cujufvis verticilli, membranacea, 'SrPULA athe balS of cach whirl, membranous, marcide, vaginantes. Y withered and fheathing. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM triphyllum, foliolis ovatis, y CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of three leaves, the leaves acutiufculis, concavis, lineatis, patentibus, mar- y ovate, a little pointed, concave, marked with gine membranaceis, jig. I. : lines, fpreading, membranous on the edge, Jfg- 1 : COROLLA: PzrALA tria, fobcdida, purpurea, erofa, $ COROLLA Sines PeTAts, roundifh, purple, gnawed ie patentia, remotiufcula, unguibus flavis, i on the edge, flat, fpreading, fomewhat remote | fig. from each other, claws yellow, fiz. 2. STAMINA: (M M fex, fetacea, fübincurvata. {SEAMING fix FiLAMENTS, fine and tapering, flightly AN'THERJE virefcentes, jig. 3. bending inwards. An THER greenith, /g. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, 12 et ultra, in or- Y PISTILLUM : GERMINA numerous, to 12 or more bem pofita. STYvri tot quot germina, fili- placed in a circle. SrvLEs as numerous formes, erecti. STIGMATA fimplicia, Jig. 4 as the germina, filiform,” upright. Stic- Pifüllum auét. jig. Se MATA fimple, fg. 4. The Piftillum magni- fied, fg. 5. «€4€4€ HE4 E448 The ancient Botanifts, taken with the firft appearance of things, and obferving a fimilarity in the leaves of this plant to thofe of Plantain, without confulting the flower or fruit, made it At once a Plantago, though its fru&ification bears not the moft diftant affinity to that genus. Baron HALLER obferves, that in its acrimonious quality it comes near to the Crow foots, and on the authority of FasnEGov relates, that it has proved fatal to kine and other animals who have eaten it. From thefe effects he very properly queries how comes it to be confidered by FLoyer as a cooler and aftringent, and by BocconE as ufeful in the Piles. Externally applied it blifters; taken internally it produces the fame effe& as the Crowfoots. Cattle are much injured, and fometimes killed by it. Atrophy and immobility of the hind parts of the body are the effects of which it is produdtive. LiwpENsToLPIUs, Brugman’s Differtatio Quenam funt Plante inutiles, &c. 1783. There is no plant more common than this fpecies of Water Plantain in and by the fides of ponds, rivers, &c. It flowers in July, Auguft, and MIU wxdqevdod oduM aMiMiae A14 H A LM Reve dilot sas iter MU enda. ^ doti te) s ; v UMP ^ gu Mae illit odit n med vh ag di ; ANY od " H rte wae M merge Qre exe SARI toddat ien. ORIN ui ee ies me AE che ab us " METAL TU "e bee ] n "M " P tx Y i WHAT rit wu UEM MIN Bh : . y Tr AFIN AT 5 ) 8 T > / : i x y - iy T | ! hs t) |. a? bs LM: dns LC MER avery and. qu m pup Dr. , TEC 345 n» m 12 de a NE E SUD. E a Fee YI: ore. ick V ? "e RE s xeu 0 WEE c E y , » Oa Chamasonutm TSoerky delet, seulp. ALISMA DAMASONIUM. | UV ATER* PLANT ALIN. ALISMA Lin. Gen. Pi. STARRY-HEADED HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 9-phyllus. Petala 3. Sem. plura. - Raüi Syn. Gen. 27. HERB MU LTISILIQUZE SEU CORNICULAT X, ALISMA Damafonwum folis cordato oblongis, floribus hexagynis, capfulis fubulatis. Lin. Sy/. Vegetab. b. 350. Sp. Pl. p. 48 PLANTAGO aquatica ftellata. DAMASONIUM . ftellatum Dalechampii. PLANTAGO aquatica minor ftellata. PLANTAGO aquatica minor muricata. Park. 1245. 6. Bauh. Pin. 19o. I. B. VII. 789. Ger. emac. 417. Rai Syn. Star-headed Water-Plantain, Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 158. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, denfiffime - capillatis, fimpliciufulis, ex fufco-aurantiacis, in limum profunde demiffis, junioribus al- is. FOLIA longe petiolata, natantia, cordato-oblonga, integerrima, utrinque glabra, obtufa, mar- gine ipfa purpurafcente, fubtus nervofa, nervis duobus vix protuberantibus parallelis prope marginem. - PETIOLI obtufe trigoni, fubdiaphani, fpongiofi, ad bafin lati, et membrana albidà utrinque inftructi. SCAPUS [fpithamzus, teres, levis, nudus, craffiuf- culus, fuperne fordide purpureus, multi- florus. FLORES albi, fubumbellati. UMBELL plerumque tres, inferior lateralis, oCto- radiata, proxima fuperior fexradiata, fuprema triradiata, numerus vero variat in diverfis plantis. INVOLUCRUM umbellz triphyllum, foliolis ovato- lanceolatis, membranaceis, marcefcentibus. - PEDUNCULI qui radii umbellz, teretes, nudi, fef- quiunciales, fuperioribus brevioribus. CALYX: PznriANTHIUM triphyllum, foliolis fub- ovatis, obtufis, concavis, patentibus, apice membranaceis, cito marefcentibus, fig. 1. COROLLA: PzrTALA tria, fubrotunda, alba, tenera, ungue flavo, fg. 9. .— STAMINA: Fit AMENTA fex, fubulata, flavefcentia, ^ corolla breviora: AN THER & oblonge, flave, SE: 3: PISTILLUM: Germina plerumque fex, fubulata, erecta: Srvri1i nulli: Stigmata villofa, fubreflexa, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsuta fex, patentes, fubulate, inferne compreff, uniloculares, monofper- mz vel difperme, jig. 5. SEMEN oblongum, obtufum, nigricans, nitidum, ad lentem punctis exafperatum, fulco per me- dium utrinque longitudinali, fg. 6. 9 ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous, thickly M matted together, moflly fimple, of a brownifh $9 orange colour, ftriking deeply into the mud, the young ones white. S flanding on long footftalks, fwimming, of an oblong heart fhape, perfectly entire, fmooth on both fides, obtufe, the very edge purplifh, ribb'd on the under fide, two very flightly, prominent, parallel ribs near the margin. LEAF-STALKS obtufely three-cornered, fomewhat tranfparent, fpongy, broad at the bafe, and edged on each fide with a whitifh membrane. STALK about a fpan long, round, fmooth, naked, clumfy, of a dirty purple colour above, many-flower’d. FLOWERS white, growing umbel-like. UMBELS for the moft part three, the lowermoft la- teral, eight-rayed, the next above fix-rayed, the uppermoft three-rayed, the number how- ever varies in different plants. INVOLUCRUM of the umbel three-leav'd, leaves ovato-lanceolate, membranous, and wither- 9 LEAVE ing. FLOWERSTALKS which form the rays of the umbel, round, naked, an inch and a half in length, the upper ones fhorteft. CALYX: a PzRIANTHIUM of three leaves, the leaf- lets nearly ovate, obtufe, concave, fpread- ing, membranous at the top, and foon withering, fig. 1. OROLLA compofed of three roundifh, white, ten- der P£TALSs with yellow claws, fig. 2. TAMINA: fix tapering yellowifh Fitaments, fhorter than the corolla: ANTHER & oblong and yellow, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina for the moft part fix in number, tapering, upright: STrvLrs none: STIGMATA villous, fomewhat reflexed, j uoo J Sig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: fix fpreading CAPsurzs, tapering to a point, flattened below, one-cell'd, a fingle feed or two in each, fig. 5. SEED oblong, obtufe, blackifh, fhining, when mag- nified appearing rough with little promi- nent points, a groove running down the middle on each fide, fig. 6. Qo D D XX OC» D DD Q2 OC? o GO WOOD DOPSD PDP Oc «D QD OD GO GO QOO D DOPOD G2 D CD Dr C2 CO 0C GC GOD C2 GO»CO" Not very uncommon in the neighbourhood of London, in ditches, flagnant waters, and ponds, efpecially fuch as have been formed by the digging of gravel: particularly plentiful in fuch like ponds on Wandfworth Common, with Sparganium fimplex : alo, about Clapham, Walworth, &c. Flowers from June to September. Is not remarkable for its qualities or ufes. TourNEFORT makes a diftin& genus of the Dama/onium, referring the Ali/ma Plantago and ranunculoides to the genus Ranunculus. Ray alfo feparates it from the Plantago aquatica, flowers, though it differs 1n its feed-veffels. but obferves that it agrees with it in its tripetalous Notwithftanding this diferepance in the feed-veffels, the other parts of its fru@tification, joined to its general habit, in our humble opinion, fully jufüfy L: NNJEUS in making it an Ali/ma. Ww t Ub a : OPE WO E al NR E )rHe Ir ug K m IL: TAE "P D UU You Ay Qe MES. Siege UMS s aid ut A Dun ee Pi DSES NE AH Om ANE aaa DEN ^ nn c. nal iu m m m vl ET |4e1Ai1 EVEL OS i An aei 5 . . TM ^ ms e. it ae T £13 ni V s: i ‘ " 1 i r—— aei T PRA : rt » - - woo erbe Mn ar c ———L————— S IPIS AE ¥ V =] t i E pr T wy per peas iss & [> we * " > E USER. 9 E 44 wnt AE tig CAR 3 H ^ Pate) i L Y a eae m Led f RuMEX ACETOSELLA. SHEEP’s SoRREL, RUMEX Lin. Gen, PI. Hexanpria Tricynia. Ü Y Cal. 3-phyllus. Petala 3, Conhiventia. Sem. r. triquetrum. Raii Syn. Gen. 5. Herbae flore imperfe&o feu ftamineo (vel apetalo potius). RUMEX .4cetofélla foribus dioicis folis lanceolato-haftatis. Linn. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 286. Sp. P]. 481. Fl, Suec, t1, 319. LAPATHUM fexubus feparatis, foliis fagittatis, hamis acutis recurvis. Haller jf. 1596. LAPATHUM Acetofella. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 439. | ACETOSA arvenfis lanceolata. Baubin. Pin. p. 114: OXALIS tenuifolia. Ger. emacs 397. ACETOSA minor lanceolata. Parkinf: 744. LAPATHUM acetofum repens lanceolatum. Rai Syn. ps 143. Sheep’s Sorrel, Hudjon Fi, Angl, $. 156. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 191. RADIX perennis, fublignofa, repens; fufca. $ ROOT pererinial, of a brown colour, fomewhat woody; Y and creeping. CAULIS palmaris ad pedalem, erectus, levis, ftriatus, TSTALK from a hand's breadth to a foot in height, up- fubangulofus, ramofus. right, {mooth, ftriated, fomewhat angular, tte branched. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, inferiora lanceolato-liaftata, ¥ LEAVES alternate, ftanding on foot-ftalks, the lower hamis fepius recurvis, in umbrofis fubglauca, i ones lanceolate, and halbert-fhaped, the lobes _ in apricis ut ut tota planta fanguinea, fuperiora y forming the halbert, ufually bent upwards, in lineari-lanceolata. Y fhady fituations fomewhat glaucous, in ex- d pofed ones of a blood colour, as well as the Y whole plant, the upper ones entire, betwixt i linear and lance-fhaped. | 2s t . PETIOLUS longitudine foli, inferne ftriatus, fuperne j LEAF-STALK the length of the leaf, on the under canaliculatus, bafi vaginans, vagina apice mem- y fide ftriated, above fingle-channeled, forming branacea, alba, lacera, fzepe reflexa. » a fheath at bottom, the tip of which is mem« : i branous, white, torn, and often reflexed. X | SPICZE plurimz, nude, fubramofz, fzpe nutantes. y SPIKES numerous, naked, fomewhat branched, and Y often drooping. | : : FLORES mafculi et foeminei in diftinctis plantis, mini- 3 FLOWERS male and female in feparate plants, very mi; fig. 1, 2. flos mafculus auctus; jig. 3. minute; fig. 1, 2. a male flower magnified ; foemineus; fig. 4. femen magnitudine natu- i Jig. 3. a female flower; jig. 4. the feed of its rali; fig. 5. idem auc. ab natural fize; fig. 5. the fame magnified. € In reprefenting the two fexes (which occur in this as well as in the common Sorrel) we have intended that otie of them fhould exprefs the plant in its dwarf ftate, as it ufually occurs on very dry, hilly paftures. In fuch fituations the whole plant is frequently found of a bright red colour. In more fhady afpects it grows taller, and the leaves affume a greener hue. Whereever it abounds we may in general look on it as a fure indication of a dry, barren foil. Haier obferves, that it is often found growing in Coal-yards (areis carbonariorum). Agriculturally confidered, we muft number it with the weeds, and with thofe too, from its creeping roots, of difficult extirpation. It is found in flower from June to September. 30g up TSowerby del et. Vb viU Ef pat JC AD Jd Son o digit deor F 4s noiuid- " j p ct n Ua 5 JESUS & n A; f 3 »2 UBM BES r^. bd D m ^ Le Wm 2 he NT T us " na oes Wu ee o. db cher aee 1 wd se dE rot | DUCERE sf j ^ ^ir vs e ca QM: went Ub "t : t Wid T 3 i ri e x per ER * + dHod69 | ERICA VULGARIS. CommMon HeEatTtu, ERICA Lin. Gen. Pl. Ocranpria MonoGynia. "A: Cal 4-phyllus. Cor. 4-fida. Filamenté receptaculo inferta. Anthere bifida, | Cap/. 4-locularis. ! Rau Syn, ARBoRES ET FRUTICES. : ERICA vulgaris antheris ariftatis, corollis campanulatis fubzequalibus, calycibus duplicatis, foliis oppofitis fagittatis. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 301. Sp. Pl. p. sos. Fl. Suec. n. 336. ERICA folis imis adpreffis fimplicibus, floralibus calcaratis. Haller. Hf. z. p. 1012. ERICA vulgaris. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 460. ERICA vulgaris glabra. Bauh. Pin. 485. ERICA vulgaris feu pumila. Ger. emac. 1380. ERICA vulgaris. Parkinf: 1480. Ra Syn. 470. Common Heath or Ling. Scot. Hather. — Hudfon, Fl, Angl. ed. 2.p.165. Lightfoot F/. Scot. p. 204. Fruticulus pedalis, bipedalis et ultra, valde ramcfus, y A. fmall fhrub, a foot or two in height, or more, very rami {uberecti, teretes, pubefcentes, rubi- ¥ much branched, the branches moftly upright, cundi. — b : round, downy, and reddifh. | FOLIA oppofita, circa ramulos in quatuor feries imbri- y LEAVES oppofite, feffile and arrow-fhaped, placed round cata, feffilia, fagittata. j the fmall branches in four rows. FLORES purpurei, fpicati, fubfecundi. FLOWERS purple, growing in a fpike, moftly all one Y way. ! PEDUNCULI breviffimi, longitudine foliorum. ! FLOWER-STALKS very fhort, thelength of the leaves. CALYX: duplex, perfiftens, exterior breviffimus, tetra- Y CALY X : double, and permanent, the outermoft very phyllus, foliolis ovatis, acutis, patentibus, ej fhort, compofíed of four leaves, which are viridi purpurafcentibus, ad lentem ciliatis, in- Y ovate, pointed, fpreading, partly green, and terior cum corolla concolor, tetraphyllus, eg partly purple, when magnified hairy on the liolis ovato-lanceolatis, nitidis, corolla longiori- $ edges, the inner one the fame colour as the bus, demum inflexis, fig. 1, 2. Y corolla, compofed of four fomewhat lanceolate leaves, fhining, longer than the corolla, finall Y RC 3 y » | Y bending inward, fig. I, 2. COROLLA monopetala, purpurea, quadripartita, co- 3 COROLLA monopetalous, purple, deeply divided into rollà brevior, incluía, frg. 3. Y four fegments, fhorter than the corolla, and i inclofed within it, fig. 3. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA oéto, alba. AnTHer@ fub-ySTAMINA: eight white FiLAMENTS. ANTHERZ coadunatz, aurantiace, bicornes, fig. 4, 5. i fomewhat united, orange-coloured, each fur- Pr | Y nifhed with two little horns, fig. 4, 5. PISTILLUM : Germenvillofum. Srvrvuscalycelon-Y PISTILLUM : Germen villous. SrvrE longer than gior, furfum curvatus. STIGMA quadrifidum, $ the calyx, bent upward. Sriema quaarifid, Fig. 6. * jig. 6. There is, perhaps, no tribe of plants whofe flowers affume a greater variety of form than thofe of the prefent genus. Such as have had opportunities of examining many of the foreign heaths, muft affent to the truth of this obíervation ; and fuch as have not, need only confult the prefent fpecies, and compare the diffe&ions with thofe of the Eri:a cinerea, and Tetralix already figured, to be perfe&ly conviriced of it: fo great indeed has this difference appeared to fome botanifts, that they have divided them into diftin&t genera. Africa produces more heaths than the whole world befides. Next to Africa, Europe is the moft productive; and almoft every part of this quarter of the globe, efpecially the northern, abounds with this fpecies. LiwwJEus remarks, in his Flora Lapponica, that, in fome of the diftri&s through which he paffed, ícarce any plant was to be feen but the barren heath, which every where covered the ground, and could no ways be extirpated. "The country people, he obferves, had an idea that there were two plants which would finally overfpread and deftroy the whole earth, viz. Heath and Tobacco. Exclufive of the animation which the bloffoms of this fpecies in particular impart to our dreary waftes at the clofe of fummer, it anfwers many important purpofes in natural as well as rural oeconomy. While its branches afford fhelter to many of the feathered tribe, its feeds form a principal part of their food, efpecially thofe of the Grous kind: and here we may remark a particular provifion of nature in forming the feed- veffel, &c. iu fuch a manner as to preferve the feeds a whole year, or longer, whence they havea conftant fupply. The foliage of this {pecies affords nourifhment to the caterpillar of the Phalena quercus Linnei, or great Egger Moth: we obferved many inftances of this in our northern tour. Bees are well known to collect largely from the bloffoms of heath; but fuch honey is browner, coarfer, and of lefs value than fuch as is collected where no heath grows. According to Linnzeus’s experiments, no kind of cattle appear to be fond of it. Horfes and Oxen will eat it; Sheep and Goats fometimes eat, fometimes reject it. Cattle, not accuftomed to browfe on heath, give bloody milk; but are foon cured, by drinking plentifully of water. Pennant’s Tour, p. 229. Heath or Hather is applied to many ceconomical purpofes among the Highlanders: they frequently cover their houfes with it inftead of thatch, or elfe twift it into ropes, and bind down the thatch with them in a kind of lattice-work. In moft of the weftern iles they dye their yarn of a yellow colour, by boiling it in water with the green tops and flowers of this plant. In Rum, Skye, and the Long Ifland, they frequently tan their Jeather in a firong decoction of it. Formerly the young tops are faid to have been ufed alone to brew a kind of ale; and even now, 1 was informed, that the inhabitants of Ifla and Jura ftill continue to brew a very potable liquor, by mixing two-thirds of the tops of Hather, and one-third of malt. ‘This is not the only refrefhment that Hather affords; the hardy Highlanders frequently make their beds with it, laying the roots downwards, and the tops upwards, which, though not quite fo foft and luxurious as beds of down, are altogether as refrefhing to thofe who fleep-on them, and perhaps much more healthy. —JLzgbzfeet FJ, Scot. p. 205. ; ‘ In moft parts of Great Britain, Heath is in general ufe for making brooms 5 and for this purpofe is ufually cut when in blolfom. Theturf, with the Heath growing on it, is cut up, dried, and ufed for fuel by the poor cottager. It is alfo in ufe for heating ovens, for mending bad roads where better materials are wanting, and for making drains under-ground. | This fpecies, as well as the others, is fometimes found with white bloffoms, and a variety with hoary leaves is hot uncommon, particularly on Bagfhot Heath. Some authors have improperly confidered this as the Erica ciliaris of LInNzUS, | The Dodder very frequently entwines itfelf about this plant, and gives it an appearance which may puzzle, if not miflead, the inexperienced botanift. One y Tr ER sip ia nae sna J oomen dl et aun. UIT, 2a (C, PEL. . TEES " C—-—— À S! SPERGULA ARVENSIS, CORN SPuRREY, “SPERGULA Linngi Gen. Pl. Decanprta PENTAGYNIA. Rai Syn. Gen. 24. HERBm PENTAPETALEA VASCULIFERE. SPERGULA arven/is folis verticillatis, floribus decandris. Linn. Sy. Vegetab. $. 363. Sp. Pl. p. 630; _ Fler. Suec. n. 419. . ' ALSINE foliis verticillatis, feminibus rótundis. Heller, biff. n. 973. ALSINE ípergula dida major. Bawhin. Pin. 251. SAGINA Spergula. Ger. emac. 1125. | a coal. SAGINA Spergula major. Parkinf. 562. Ratz Syn. p. 351. Spurrey. Hudfom. Fh. Angl. ed. 2. p- 203. Lighifoot FL. Scot. p. 2.43: m. RADIX annua, fibrofa. Y ROOT annual and bru CAULES plures, fpithiamzi, feu pedales; füberecti, | STALKS numerous, about a fpan or a foot in length;. teretes, leves, fuperne vifcofi, geniculis glo- Y nearly upright; round; {mooth, ón the upper bofis. part clammy, joints globular. STIPULZ ad genicula bine, breviffimze, apicibus in- pus growing in pairs at the joints, very fhort; feriorum reflexis. the tips of the lower ones reflexed. FOLIA verticillata, fafciculos duos conftituentia, foliolis i LEAVES growing in whirls, and forming two bundles; o&o circiter in quovis fafciculo, interioribus Y about eight in each bundle, the inner Ones fenfim minoribus, linearia, teretia, apicibus Y gradually frmalleft, linear; round; tips yellow; flavis, dorfo linea exarato, fuperioribus vifcofis: : with a deep furrow on the back, the upper . ones clammy. FLORES albi, pulchelli, paniculati, panicula dicho- IFLOWERS white, pretty, growing in a panicle, which toma. i is dichotomous. PEDUNCULI vifcofi, peractà florefcentia penduli. MCPUN CLES clàmmy; hanging down when the flow- | | Nr. xn ering is over. CALYX: Pexrantuium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, Nx à PERiANTHIUM of five leaves, the leaves obtufiufculis, concavis, patentibus, Pat ovate, bluntifh, coticave, fpreadintg, perma- tibus, marginibus albidis, fg. r. nent, the edges whitifh; jig. 1. COROLLA : i quinque, ovata; acutiufcula, * COROLLA: five PETALs, ovate, a little pointed; concava, calyce longiora, ungue brevi affixa; concave; [REEF than the calyx, affixed by a figs 2 : fhort claw, jig. 2 STAMINA: DONE TuS decem, alba, fubulatai Ax Beppe ten Ben aes, white, tapering; AN- THER fubrotunde, flavz, jig. 3 THER roundiíh and quen. fig. 3. . PISTILLUM: Germen DRE CENE quin- 3 PISTILLUM : GERMEN roundifh; STYLES PY fhort, aS breves, reflexi; STiGMATA fimplicia, Y | reflexed ; STiGMATA fumple, fig. 4 Jig. PERICARDIUM: CapsuLa ovata, tecta, unilocularis, Y SEED- -VESSEL: an ovate CaPsutÉ covered, by the quinquevalvis, jig. 5. remaining calyx, of ofie cavity and five valves; SEMINA plurima, majufcula, nigricantia, depreffo- ÍsEEDS d us rather large, blackifh; round, with globofa, punctis rufis prominulis ad lentem f a {mall degree of flatnefs, if viewed with à exafperata, annulo manifefte cincta, fig: 6, 7: i magnifier befet with fmall, reddifh, promi- ' i nent D ox andl éncireled with à tmanifelt Y nng, fig. The Spergula arvenfis is feldom found but in 4 fandy foil j and as that kind of 4o does not abound much in the - heighbourhood of London, ío this fpecies of Spergula. may be cotifidered as one of our planta rariores. On fonie parts of Hampftead- Heath, and in the neighbourhood of the Spaniard, we liave often noticed it, as well as in the fand-pits at Charlton. in fome fandy fields near Catfhalton, in Surrey, we have feen it fo plentiful ds to appear like the intended crop: As no ufe is made of it with us, it may be confidered as oné of the worlt weeds to which a fandy foil is fübje&t. Abroad; however, it is an object of cultivation. In fome parts of Flanders, Germany, and Norway, they feed their cattle with the plant, and their poultry with its feeds ; but as T'ares and Buck- wheat, which are far more productive, as well as nutritious; may be cultivated in a fimilar foil, our Farmers do wiely in rejecting 1 it. It is found in blofiom from July to September. We have not found this plint untfually fubje& to vary iti the number of its ftdthina; nor have we obferved it to vary fo much in any other refpe&t as to make us fufpe& we had feen the Spergula pentandra of Linnaeus, which Mr. Hupson makes a variety of the arvenfis, contrary to the opinion of fome of the greáteft authorities. If the difference betwixt thefe two plants was to depend folely ori the number of its ftamina, we fhould be extremely teady to confider them as the fame; but Ray, whofe opinion muft be allowed to have great weight, deicribes the pentandra as a fpecies totally diftin& from the prevent - le does aap tonnd his fpecific difference on the number of its ftamina; but on characters, lefs fubje& to variation: the leaves at the joints, he obferves, are fewer and t thicker; the plant flowers early, and foon goes off (neither of which takes place in the arvenfis); and adds, that Di SHERHARD obferved it in fandy places 1 in Ireland, To fhew that other Authors have likewife entertained an opinion of its being a diftin& fpecies, we fhall quote their refpective fynonyms. Spergula foliis filiformibus vetrticillatis rarzs feminibus nigris. Sauv. Monfh. 167. Alfitie fpergule facie minima feminibus emarginatis. Tourn. inf; 244. Vaill. Paris 8. Alfine fpergule facie minima. Magz. Mon/p. 14. Arenaria teretifolia verza, flore albo, femine limbo foliaceo cin&o. Rupp. Fen. 101; Spergula annua, femine f?//aceo nigro circulo membranaceo albo cin&to; Moris bif. 2: p. 551. 77S: 38. Dill Gifs 46. E. N. C. cent. 5 p. 275. t. 4. On thefe feveral authorities we cannot but conclude, that there exifts fuch a plant as the Pentandra; nor can we avoid expreffing a wifh, that fome gentleman, whofe refidence may afford him an opportunity of obferving its hiftory, will favour us with a more complete account of it. vla ee a beep @ te he A uw ub rar AL TES ri mueven Bas. Ars de. "- dii RET " EIN d Eum i. WE ECHTE RLNTCIUUN) Soa usto dte Me re VU UGOR E 3 sl byes 2^ » " i j a Yenbaske At ET Se La IM d = i "ne Ed E! [ D WAS no ai n ieee EJ ul Bk n ot pes VUA S33 ey ; » ^ ¥ D: HT Lat i eua wy 4i E 1 Jy D 1 X: irs | DU h Stel ied m Kot cafe! e ipods “et MG UR UEM Urs NE: Ye AGRIMONIA EuPATORIA. AGRIMONY. AGRIMONIA Lim, Gop PL DopECANDRIA DiGyYntIA. Cal. 5 dentatus, altero obvallatus. Petala 5. Sem. 2, in fundo calycis. Raii Syn. Gen. 10. HERB FLORE PERFECTO SIMPLICI SEMINIBUS NUDIS SOLITARIIS SEU AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. AGRIMONIA Eupatoria foliis caulinis pinnatis: impari petiolato,. fructibus hifpidis. Lin. Suv. V eg. p. ^ 372. Sp. Pl p. 643. Fi. Suec. n. 423. ree AGRIMONIA folis pinnatis, pinnulis alterne minimis. Haller Hif. 991. AGRIMONIA Euxpatoria. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 567. EUPATORIUM veterum feu Agrimonia. Bauh. Pin. Bers AGRIMONIA — Ger. emac. 712. : AGRIMONIA vulgaris. Park. $94. Rar Syn. 5. 202. Agrimony. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p- 206. Lightfoot "Fl. Scot- p. 247. c —— H— ———— NNNM NND RADIX perennis, ramofa, rubefcens, íquamis nigri- y ROOT perennial, branched, of a reddifh colour, befet cantibus obfeffa. Y with blackifh {cales. CAULIS pedalis ad. tripedalem, erectus, teres, obfolete $STALK from one to three feet high, upright, round, angulofus, hirfutus, rubicundus aut rubro Y faintly angular, hirfute, reddifh or dotted with punctatus, fimplex vel ramofus. M red, fingle or brauched. FOLIA alterna, fubambrofiaca, hirfuta, interrupte pin- $ LEAVES alternate, fomewhat fragrant, hirfute, inter- nata cum impari, 5 vel 6 juga, pinnz fub- Í ruptedly pinnated with an odd one at the end, oppofitz, fefliles, fubovate, venofz, ferrate, : compofed of five or fix pair of pinnae, pinnz ciliate, pinnulze plerumque integrae aut trifide. i moftly oppofite, feffile, fomewhat ovate, veiny, | Y ferrated, edged with hairs, the {mall pinnz for | Y the moft part entire or trifid. , STIPULZE due, oppofite, majufcule, amplexicaules, 3 STIPULE two, oppofite, rather large, embracing the atentes, profunde ferratz. M ftalk, fpreading, and deeply fetrated. "BRACTEZE trifide, laciniis linearibus, hirfutis. $ FLORAL-LEAVES trifd, the fegments linear and Y hirfute. SPICA terminalis, elongata, hirfuta, floribus breviter Y SPIKE terminal, elongated, hirfute, the flowers ftand- pedicellatis. Y ing on very fhort foot- ftalks. CALYX: PERiANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque&dum, Y CALYX: a Perianruivum of one leaf, divided into fuperum, perfiftens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, fg. five fegments, placed above the germen, 1. extra fetis filiformibus, rigidis, apice pur- and permanent, the fegments ovate, pointed, pureis, uncinatis, cinctum, fiy. 2. intus fub- Jig. 1. externally furrounded with rigid, fili- ftantia flava glandulofa claufum; Involucrum form, hooked, briftles, purple at the points, jig. ad bafin germinis diphyllum foliolis binis feu 2. within clofed with a yellow glandular fub- tridentatis, jig. 3. ftance; Involucrum at the bafe of the germen, compofed of two leaves, each of which has two or three teeth, fig. 3. COROLLA: Petata quinque, fubovata, flava, pa- YCOROLLA: five Perars, fomewhat ovate, yellow, tentia, feffilia, fubftantid glandulofà calycis in- i {preading, feffile, inferted into the glandular ferta, fig. 4; ¥ fubftance of the calyx, fig. 4. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA undecim, feu duodecim, $$9TAMINA : eleven or twelve FiLAMENTSs, of a yel- ^ lutefcentia, curvata, cum petalis inferta. Aw- ¥ lowifh colour, bent and inferted with the petals. THERJE didyme, comprefle, fig. 5. ANTHER# compofed of two lobes and flat- 4 tened, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, fg. 6. Sryrir duo, ¢ PISTILLUM: Germen beneath the calyx, fiz. 6. curvati, longitudine ftaminum. Sricmara M STYLEs two, bent, the length of the ftamina. obtufa, jig. 7. | Y STIGMATA blunt, jig. 7. PERICARPIUM : Carsura e calyce orta, nutans, ex- ¥SEED-VESSEL a Capsute, arifing from the calyx, T» — «€ AL AELELELELE KE AE EAE «€«€ tra fulcatum, fuperne cin&a ariftis uncinatis, Y . drooping, grooved on the outfide, on the upper unilocularis, fg. 8. i part furrounded with hooked beards, of one : Y cavity, fig. 8. SEMINA duo, fubrotunda, glabra, fig. 9. ¥SEEDS two, roundifh and fmooth, jig. 9. Agrimony is a plant of very general growth, being found not only in Europe, but in Virginia and Japan. It has been chiefly regarded as a medicinal plant, and as fuch is often raifed in gardens. Culture does not feem to produce any material change in its quality. Another fpecies or variety, of foreign original, common alfo in our gardens, and differing little in appearance from our indigenous Agrimony, promifes to be fuperior to it in virtue, as its tafte is more aromatic, and its fmell much ftronger, and very agreeable. Caspar Bavutne calls it Eupatorium: odoratum. Fasius CoruMNA Eupatorium Diofcoridis odoratum et aromaticum. Lewis Difp. ed. Aik. Puro The leaves of Agrimony have a flightly bitterith, roughith tafte, accompanied with an agreeable, though very weak, aromatic flavour. The flowers are in {mell ftronger, and more agreeable, than the leaves, and in tafte fomewhat weaker. They readily give out their virtues both to water and reétified fpirit. The leaves impart to the former a greenith yellow, to the latter a deep green colour: the flowers yield their own deep yellow tinéture to beth menítrua. Jd. ' A Agrimony is one of the milder corroborants ; and in this intention is fometimes employed, efpecially among the .common people, againft habitual diarrhoeas, and cacheétic and other indifpofitions, from a lax ftate of the folids. Infufions of the leaves, which are not ungrateful, may be drank as tea. It is fometimes joined with other ingre- dients in diet drinks for purifying the blood, and in pectoral Apozems. Id. This plant delights in a dry foil, and grows almoft every where, in this kingdom, in open paftures, in the borders of fields, and by the fides of hedges and ditches, flowering from July to September. Cattle in general diflike and leave it untouched. ' . dude 2 eism aris i mtr E fad WA Me E emet * élliug i L-HTMOMISDA. 4 AJSOUIOA, - oe a beet OOK» " ii dicanogh | E | Gr (doni p CPGE s ata dübsd div vc pi a .Büs)dó euditus9 ^ ‘ ad 5 Sos OF 500- or EO IA: E atslólda 27, ursa poe. bs: etiebag eLI0AO.. EAS s 2s "X * ord dus ani duoidn i. eutütud-. «avlolugan AU i 14 : nS (8 co somit ont ix dow “signif, teem c n du EUM edcp etatis etd ising stayed ie Aimails, ALIO: Drs ii c cor furit t arit ds uil gini, ur S. 15u s E ini dno LAN, Meee ee | : | Seite r x inq Bre ie 17 ne Pase. e 1 TNR NO CEU I. Suey 19 301) 2 pos .atilac "qo xlfonm 4 ae merece E T. ix Se snis are bilo ied Jie NEUE ed VE ANS. AVENA AR j po CORSA i40 ois D ES ALL UND im HEY | oat x dues eile : etiem vxludiatonn, peeing sub. 3g | ; PPP Et T ish bns. " m Murs: abügiotq. 4emedeq 00. COM CADET OPEN hae pe bii : ata i d gam p d nt oe i void «sudizssaii sail ME RAT: OM 38. e SEM Bud Baimguole daaisam E | audiioR aninid Vengo fy dilsndenes ADIT - PUE DIM doo! ftout e no gri unl | a ,;iallsoiboq..— sj [ 2 ; " A MT RARE T 8 1X «bau priu. (nn ledqomom varia taa s Xiao. , | TED P vod: besslq us d eui ae pops Jasvo- auiudel E eittiptoqui 7^ TA ETT ES rede Up ode e. pe ds. danüstsq bag. 5.9 th uhr git. «atydserntotilie eise. BUND .1| A te WINS EAS MORE) ME bee d 2 ib gei aia. TOUR uiae bg. XD E GA. quA itia - Ae nior din » d UU | CROIRE MEN of iatag a adidsshyog volta . bodoi mot © . radius. iris eil anas o 007055 Bue coo med abe sip sitive Batol’ abii. s oet mulie sib niae minds be. 2 E. Sr e SERERE: 'umones Sd: do sted oii 15 silos MES VU PUMA » Jisusi ry peso cua deo en end ott iden do oes 44 ; d [m T E. ar. ORS DUE " "ees ROT, E n * | * ds "n ipninp. AAT AE (toad, vont ? | AU ud inbesin * io wedi f unti " d uiid Ny | za m T qmsstech oer. sha. A ve dá i AAR S Ts * -M A ( 43 wait al 35 Ha Geen Grieolssal: wae ‘ 2 XE : 1 de MN ie V odeoomos suani S HH i i KS SP ed va ; Ut ES i Rats | ja (02m EEG 5 o 0 2c AB SB deus Ph 4t cou Me rra ce x. 2 des GUN ph eae suits pss Fhe aigict. ats * E EET a 1 ^ Jii ig che ide i in ; Se Eliehe a rel gerd ik eee Ls DM MM uic ATAMO i | aR eo 5 . E E z aoa te i H is MAD d Jue? WE : Es MUTA AGREE € "ud UGG b DIT » E ".)Upüdo 1... "peskeo wolle ideend « de "E T- "e. Sesterce cuf adi crab qopb oo stom te rigid. ink "bur of owr don A TAT a Bol aubom un > EARS i a dd au A9 "honc M roi reneeoeted eter er See oe | bai sva. dicot cislegns Yissi E catis yotdus « ohat. aid dadilg jeutelogns | - à CUIR B. D Rom E 361. ydelto. E bb»r.s 5 € | 2d Kobe Pneu Mr Se ee Benen ts E 20 wbetionetd E I ou Wen ce | INE oder St eae bichos ao dmibaxü gorsmioals. @AVARI | $ D. Peu soaring rsloite 1 Bnmiys ALIOTYTO 1 ; i qe vise oven s poo miu Sah vos ORA cardi: a «eiteqqo. piloiot à DN a $e. 08 E oat, ateolud«u: 5p hens eudibn 9 nul i tang cosy? nois gait i yy (np eamm aa uie EE : isa : 1 piii + etd ilie yis rae gion | po Sims snb oni bobivib esie hex sut. os | n SUV EaROD | vim zov-no? B3 lA T2- AA ; | cbe. gal boipsr sido dedi Pu i huc qudd edi ^ ^6 | " qisio-mat CET Tarte. $5 “4 STU? e 4 Hw bsghs P ee T O6 | pomo» aa | rema Ob pcs dion à e i IM aoa sae UE E Pont tel dent 10 B B uM o re ovy te ] y. : iyi "a 4 n LA Egon + ; apsstodut ebdgih sézingd dizaine CUSTO AGO Mei len Uv jo. hog MS ees 27 munitis \ : | "ta MER OLI d stiles ru cinta i ; pua! Beal dao ne MULE Add PY | qa AmiETVAISGM SM CIAO : Sero cant t beni i} eee di. x TA RU Ada it : E HITS) duin ESE SE Dai nage en : ders x. Se Sf, : ii S A opi X «ih. Auclo: 9 ET. XOT, 21248905. alisvo dino nf o mubisspniup ~ D) " prey fc ORFS qus ges 4 pe qe E: DAUPIEE do ,sbidin Saye Mirrid By ee Aes pinos. Sisiuoti ian dna ada merui EE ra ? | ; n NV unit rol olgut ba een Peet EE Amie RSGEM AA. ^ APP. 22 vM & ie xl v X3 ibas gio! mr nese s : adhere "ore 1 sx FART uei . i epntup. aus o UEU LUTTE. xu NY. TE d mobbo: 11 Ds 3 A PUES E Li Ni. ARS NU re P oe NCXMBIEE CU I Ur ane nC 9: MOISRAOIINS erent oh SPIRHA' ULMARIA. MEADOW-SWEET. SPIRZEA Lin. Gen. Pl. IcOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-fidus. Petala 5. Caff. polyfpermze, Rau Syn. Gen. 15. HERB & SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERME. SPIRAEA Ulmaria folis pinnatis impari majore lobato, floribus cymofis. Lin. Syft. Veretab. 5. 398. Sp. Pl. p. 702. Fl. Suec. n. 440. : Jes gl E FILIPENDULA folis pinnatis, acute ferratis, minimis intermiftis, extrema trilobata maxima. Haller. hift. n. 1135. SPIRZEA Ulmaria Scopols Fl. Carn. n. 603. - BARBA CAPRI floribus compaGis. Bauh. Pin. 164. ULMARIA J.B. III. 488. REGINA PRATI Ger. emac. f. 1043. ULMARIA vulgaris. Parkinf. 592. Rai Syn. p. 259. Meadow-Sweet. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 217. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 259. RADIX perennis, craffitie minimi digiti, obliqua, ¢ ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the little finger, rübicunda, fibris plurimis ex fufco lutefcen- à oblique, reddifh, furnifhed with numerous tibus defcendentibus inftructa. fibres of a brownifh yellow colour, running deep into the earth. STALK from two to three feet high or more, up- right, leafy, angular, fmooth, here and there of a reddifh colour, for the moft part un- branched. LEAVES alternate, flanding on foot-ftalks, pinnated, pinne from three to five pair, oppofite, fef- file, ovato-oblong, above green, fmooth and fomewhat Ííhining, minutely veined, and wrinkled, the veins imprefled, beneath ribbed, covered with an afh-coloured downy fubftance, the edge jagged, ferrated, and finely edged with hairs, the terminal pinna large and deeply divided into three fegments. LEAF-STALKS convex beneath, concave above, ‘thofe of the radical leaves three times as long as the others. STIPUL/ ftem-clafping, pointed, ferrated, and finely edged with hairs, the fartzal ones on the common foot-ftalk betwixt each pair of pinne, nearly oppofite, fmall, unequal in fize, ovate, indented or ferrated, and like the pinne downy underneath. CORYMBUS terminal, upright, flightly pubefcent, ftalked, naked, compofed of feveral une- qual cymze, the intermediate one feffile. CALYX: a PrzR1ANTHIUM of one leaf, fomewhat bell-fhaped, if magnified flightly downy, of a pale colour, divided into five fegments, which are ovate, pointed, and finally re- “flexed, fig. 1. COROLLA: PzrALA quinque, albida, oblongo- ó COROLLA: five whitifh Petras, oblong, roundifh, rotundata, unguiculata, patentia, calyce clawed, fpreading twice the length of the duplo longiora, fig. 2. j calyx, jig. 2. STAMINA: Fitamenta viginti plura, filiformia, 9 STAMINA: twenty FrLAMENTS or more, filiform, | flavefcentia, longitudine corollz, calyci in- yellowifh, the length of the corolla, inferted ferta. ANTHER E fubrotunda, flavefcentes, into the calyx. ANTHER# nearly round, Ge Ge | 6 and yellowifh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Gznui1NA quinque, fex, five plura; € PISTILLUM: Germina five, fix, or more; STvLxs STYLI totidem, fuperne incraflati, reflexa ; 6 as many, thickened above and turned back; STIGMATA Capitata, fig. 4. 6 Stigmata forming little heads, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Carsurz plurimz, fpiraliter con- ? SEED-VESSEL: Ca»suLEs feveral, twifted toge- torte. e. c à ther fpirally, fig. 5. CAULIS bi feu tripedalis et ultra, erectus, foliofus, angulatus, glaber, hinc inde rubicundus, plerumque fimplex. ! FOLIA alterna, petiolata, pinnata, 3-vel 5-juga: foliolis oppofitis, feffilibus, ovato-oblongis, fupra viridibus, glabris, lucidiufculis, line- atis, minutim venulofis, rugofis, fubtus ner- vofis, minutim tomentofis, cinereis, margine incifo-dentatis, undique ferratis, minutim ciliatis; terminatis foliolo majore, trifido- palmato. PETIOLI fubtus convexi, fupra concavi; radicales triplo longiores. STIPULZ amplexicaules, acute, margine undique ferrate, minutim ciliate ; 2artiales in petiolo communi intra fingulum par pinnarum, fub oppolite, parve, inequales magnitudine, ovate, dentato-ferrate, pariter fubtus to- mentofz. CORYMBUS terminalis, erectus, minutim pubefcens, pedunculatus, nudus, compofitus e cymis plurimis inequalibus, intermedia feffili. CALYX: PrERIANTHIUM monophyllum, fubcampa- nulatum, ad lentem pubefcens, pallidum, quinquefidum, laciniis ovatis, acutis, demum - reflexis, fig. 1. QD DO Qo d qo OPS ODS CDD Co GO D «2 XO Qe? PQQ 2-0 QD G2 «D Do GO GOD 2 COGO The Meadow-Sweet has been juftly celebrated for its fragrance and beauty, the agreeable odour which the whole plant, but more particularly the flowers, diffufe, has recommended it for the purpofe of fcenting rooms, and purifying the air, by ftrewing it on the floors; it is faid not to affe& the head like other perfumes: the leaves alfo. like thofe of Burnet, impart an agreeable flavour to wine and other liquors. As an ornamental plant, it has long held a place in our gardens, .not only in its wild flate, but with variegated leaves and double flowers. It puts in its claim alfo for medicinal virtues, which, however, do not appear to be of the moft powerful kind; the leaves are recommended as mildly aftringent, and ufeful in Dyfenteries; the flowers are faid to be antifpafmodic and diuretic: their pleafant fmell, in which their virtue refides, is foon diffipated by keeping. It grows plentifully in wet meadows and by the fides of ponds and ditches, flowering from July to September. Horfes and kine are faid to refufe it, fheep to eat it, and goats to be particularly fond of it; as it forms a great part of the paflurage in fome meadows, it is of confequence for the hufbandman more clearly to afcertain whether horfes and cows refufe the young foliage, and whether they reje& the whole plant when made into hay. We have frequently obferved fmall red tubercles on the leaves, which we have fuppofed to be occafioned by fome fpecies of Cynips. SASowerbky det. ct finip. ~ VOR OV ns is xt f Peel fae 3 LY i e "obs iod] $3 / * fn Io coo A3 deoiic. a j ; i ees. " Tn in . Ee : E. j , 114 Ped y (* E » P EO ot ie SD A. cdr alti zu à , 5 KP c 1 : ADR SE. pA og a WS EY I ! i > A tQ: E D eee ' T. M 1 $ ; | 4m " ars s n n ' v xS " ' E LR y mg ^ d D L ' \ » quod 579 . j] ‘ , a » Ld : ^ P4. b gy Le 7 K l LA ^ j v Td b FENCE E NO ^ EU. 1 Mo nie. a he. 4A z } Dilek Ch hes PARAR 3 : [^55 " n i eg ; "e $ ^ : pale Hee us ey Moose | ; UE | zum uide Rosa CANINA, Doc Roses. ROSA Lin. Gen. Pl. IcosANDRIA PoLYGYNIA. Cal, urceolatus, quinquefidus, carnofus, collo coar&atus. Petala 5. Sem. plu- rima, hifpida, calycis interior! lateri affixa. | Rai Syn ARBorES ET FRUTICES ROSA camina germinibus ovatis, pedunculifque glabris, caule petiolifque aculeatis. Lia. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 394. $p.PL p.704. PL. Suec. n. 441. ROSA fpinis aduncis, foliis feptenis, calycibus tomentofis, fegmentis pinnatis et femipinnatis, tubis breviflimis. Haller. Hifl. n. 1101. ROSA canina. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 604. ROSA fylvefttis vulgaris flore odorato incarnato. Bab. Pin. p. 483. ROSA fylveftris inodora f. canina. Park. p. 1017. fylveftris alba cum rubore folio glabro. J B. II. p.43. Ratt Syn. p. 454. Cynoíbatos et Cynorrhodon Officinarum. The common wild Briar or Dog's Rofe, the Hep-tree. Hudjon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 220. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 262. FRUTEX fepedalis et ultra, aculeatus, fcandens, fer- } ¢ A SHRUB fix feet or more in height, prickly, climb- pentve. i ing or creeping. | CAULIS teres, viridis, feu purpureus, ramofus, acu- y STALK round, green, or purple, branched and prickly, leatus, aculei validi, recurvi, juniores ruberrimi, Y prickles ftrong, crooked back, the young ones fenefcentes cinerel. Y bright red, the old ones afh-coloured. rw FOLIA alterna, pinnata, plerumque feptena, inodora, Y LEAVES alternate, pinnated, confifüng for the moft foliolis feffilibus, ovatis, acutis, ferratis, fu- $ | part of feven folioli, which are fcentlefs, ovate, perne nitidis, inferne pallidioribus, inferiori- Y pointed, ferrated, the upper fide fhining, the bus fenfim minoribus, nervo medio fubtus ¥ - lower fide paler, the lowermoft ones gradually aculeato. P. {malleft, the mid-rib prickly underneath. ^ STIPUL denticulate, denticulis apice rubris, capi- y STIPUL finely toothed, the teeth tipped with red, tatis. - $ and terminated by a globule. FLORES terminales, bini feu terni, etiam feni, pedun- Y FLOWERS terminal, growing two or three, even culati, pedunculis teretibus, nudis. i fometimes fix together, {landing on foot- | Y ftalks, which are round and naked. CALYX: calycis foliola lanceolata, longe caudata, duo y CALYX: the folioli lanceolate, and long-tailed, two of fimplicia, duo utrinque pinnata, pinnis latef- Y them fimple, two pinnated on each fide, the centibus, acutis, unum ab altero tantum latere Y , pinne broadifh and pointed, and one pinnated' pinnatum, fig. 1. i only on one fide, fig. 1. - COROLLA: PrrALA quinque, obcordata, remotiuf- Y COROLLA: five PrrALs inverfely cordate, a little cula, carnea, ad bafin pallidiora. remote from each other, pale red, fainteft towards the bafe. STAMINA: FiLAMENTS numerous, yellow, tapers ing. ANTHER# incumbent, and ovate, jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, within the tube of the calyx, fig. 3. oblong and woolly. SrYvrzs STAMINA: FiLAMENTA plurima, lutea, fetacea.. AN- TH*RJE incumbentes, ovate, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: GzzMtrNA plurima, intratubum calycis, jig. 3. oblonga, lanata. Srvrr filiformes. Sq1GMATA plurima, arce conniventia in capi- filiform. Sricmara numerous, clofely uni- tulum, fg. 3. ting and forming a little head, fg. 3. PERICARPIUM: Bacca ovalis, nitida, coccinea, uni- Y SEED-VESSEL: an oval, fhining, fcarlet Berry of locularis. 7 one cavity. SEMINA plurima, lutefcentia, fubovata, lanata, apice Y SEEDS numerous, yellowifh, fomewhat ovate, woolly, barbata. | ij bearded at top. «G6 eH A66 We remember fomewhere to have feen an attempt to verfify the Genera Plantarum: fhould fuch a plan ever be ferioufly agitated, we might recommend' the following lines, written perhaps before any true notion was enter- tained of genus or fpecies, as expreffive of the Rofe : ' * Quinque fumus fratres, fub eodem tempore nati, * Bini barbati, bini fine crine creati, ** Quintus habet barbam, fed tantum dimidiatam." On examination it will appear, that this defcription, however quaint, accords exactly with the calyx in moft, it not all, the fpecies of this genus. In fome parts of Europe, particularly Auftria and Carniola, the Rofes are much more numerous than with us; and appear to create difficulties in determining the fpecies to which we are happily ftrangers. ScoPori thus exclaims: ‘+ Fungum et Rofam quifque nofcit, fpecies vero genuinas utriufque generis ne Botanici quidem confum- * mati" The prefeht fpecies, without fome little attention, may however be miftaken for the a/da, efpecially when its flowers are whiter than ordinary. The Dog Rofe is well known to produce the Hep, a fruit agreeable enough when ripe and mellowed by the froft. Of thefe a conferve is made, and Kept in the fhops, where it 1s morc ufed as a vehicle for other medicines than for any virtue of its own. : a A very fingular mofly protuberance is often found on various parts of this Rofe, which is occafioned by an infe&, the Cynips Rofe of LINNEUS. Formerly this fubftance, under the name Bedeguar, was ufed medicinally; but is now with much propriety rejected. } Its lively bloffoms decorate our hedges in the month of July. The fruit is late before it ripens. In the winter it is much fought after by many birds, efpecially the Pheafant. | | The water diftilled from the wild Rofe is faid to be infinitely more fragrant than the common Rofe water. HALLER fays of it, ** Fragrantia ejus olei omnia alia odoramenta fuperat, ut inter regia dona fit.” 'The ftrong thorns with which this fhrub is furnifhed make it valuable either for forming hedges of itfelf, or for planting with others of ftronger growth. ‘The beft way of raifing plants for this purpofe will be from feeds. ; : ANOS CHIMUR, / Lj te Jj P neci y- A d AS rivi Cua? 4 ay wean 2 MN a | ] q | A 1 I : r "s . eaa CT M Rin abiti ein a o e ma Se sat, AB LEON en eh ii - “0 X vam rm ritiene ARE Y E LANES X M i pr Tor Ae ap d — ToRMENTILLA OFFICINALIS. TORMENTIL. TORMENTILLA Zn. Gen. Pl. IcosaNpRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal.8-fidus. Petala 4. Sem. fubrotunda, nuda, receptaculo parvo exfucco affixa. | Rau Syn. Gen. 15. HERBE SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMA. CTORMENTILLA offcinaüis. TORMENTILLA ereca caule ere&iufculo, foliis feffilibus. Lin. Sy/t. Vesetab. 2/399. Sp. Pl. 0.7106. | Fl. Suec. n. 459. FRAGRARIA tetrapetala, folis caulinis feffilibus, quinatis. Haller. heft. n. 1117. POTENTILLA Zormentlaeretia. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 620. TORMENTILLA fylvefiris. Bauh. Pin. 326. TORMENTILLA Ger. emac. 992. vulgaris Par&inf. 394. Raw Syn. 5.257. Tormentil, Septfoi. — ZHud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 9. f. 225. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 272. RADIX crafla, tuberofa, varie magnitudinis et for- € ROOT thick, and tuberous, various both in fize and mz, extus fufca, intus rubicunda. » Íhape, externally brown, internally red. CAULES plures ex una radice; fpithamei et ultra, € STALKS feveral from one root, a fpan or more in procumbentes, teretes, filiformes, pilofi, in- 4 length, procumbent, round, filiform, hairy, ferne fimplices, et fepe nudi, fuperne ramofi. 0 below fimple and often naked,abovebranched. FOLIA alterna, feffilia, amplexicauli-perfoliata, mul- h LEAVES alternate, feffile, nearly perfoliate, on each tifida, utrinque parce pubefcentia, fupra fa- ¢ fide {lightly pubefcent, above of a deep green turate viridia, laciniis obverfe lanceolatis, : colour, divided into many fegments, the feg- obtufis, fuperne latioribus, incifis, patentibus, 9 ments inverfely lanceolate, obtufe, broadeft tribus exterioribus duplo longioribus. é above, ferrated on the edges, and fpreading, Q the threeoutermoft twiceas long as theothers. PEDUNCULI axillares, filiformes, elongati, uniflori, : FLOWER-STALKS axillary, filiform, long, fup- nudi, pilofi. . 9 porting one flower, naked, and hairy. FLORES primo cernui, poftea ereGi. $ FLOWERS at firft drooping, afterwards upright. CALYX: PzguiíaNTHIUM monophyllum, o€toparti- 6 CALYX: a PeriantTHium of one leaf, deeply di- tum, pubefcens, laciniis ovatis, acutis, pa- : vided into eight fegments, downy, the feg- tentibus, alternis minoribus, fz. 1. n. ments ovate, pointed, alternately leaft, fig. 1. COROLLA: PzrALA quatuor, lutea, obcordata, ? COROLLA: four Perats, of a yellow colour, in- plana, patentia, unguibus calyci inferta, ? verfely heart-fhaped, flat, fpreading, inferted fig. 2. à by the claws into the calyx, fig. 2. STAMINA: FriLAMENTA fedecim circiter, calyci ó STAMINA: about fixteen F1LAMEN TS, inferted into inferta, corolla breviora; ANTHER# fim- $ the calyx, fhorter than the corolla; Ax- plices, lutez, fig. 3. a i THERE fimple and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germina o&o circiter, glabra, fub- € PISTILLUM: GznMiNA about eight, {mooth, round- rotunda, in capitulum conniventia, jis. 4. i ifh, forming a little head, fig. 4. Sty es fi- SrTvL1 filiformes, longitudine ftaminum, la- © liform, the length of the ftamina, 1nferted tert germinis inferti; STIGMATA obtufa, fig. : into the fide of the germen; SticMa blunt, 5. auct. $ Jig. 5. magnified. RECEPTACULUM villofum. 9? RECEPTACLE villous. SEMINA tot quot germina, oblongiufcula, obtufa, : SEEDS as numerous as the germina, rather oblong, glabra, nuda, lutefcentia, jig. 6. ht obtufe, fmooth, naked, and yellowifh, fig. 6. Tormentil is a plant of confiderable importance in rural ceconomy and medicine. The roots are uled in moft of the Weftern Ifles, and in the Or£neys, for tanning of leather; in which intention they are proved, by fome late experiments, to be fuperior even to the oak-bark. They are firft of all boiled in water, and the leather afterwards fteeped in the cold liquor. In the iflands of Tzrey and Co/ the inhabitants have deftroyed fo much ground by digging them up, that they have lately been prohibited the ufe of them. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 272. ! Confidered medicinally, Tormentil root is a ftrong and almoft flavourlefs aflringent, and gives out its aftringency both to water and reétified fpirit, moft perfectly to the latter: the watery decoétion, of a tranf- parent brownifh-red colour whilft hot, becomes turbid in cooling like that of the Peruvian bark, and depofits a portion of refinous matter: the fpirituous tincture, of a brighter reddifh colour, retains its pellucidity. The extra&ts obtained by infpiffation, are intenfely ftyptic, the fpirituous moft fo. Itis generally given in decoCtion: an ounce and a half of the powdered root may be boiled in three pints of water to a quart, adding, towards the end of the boiling, a drachm.of cinnamon: of the ftrained liquor, fweetened with an ounce of any agreeable fyrup, two ounces or more may be taken four or five times a day. We are by no means fond of changing the Linnzan names, but on the prefent occafion we are, in fome degree, compelled to it, from the great inconvenience we have experienced in calling a plant erecta, which with us is always procumbent, unlefs drawn up by furrounding herbage, or by growing in woods, where it more rarely occurs. Its moft ufual place of growth is on heaths, moors, and mountainous paftures, where it is extremely common, and flowers from June to September. LINN £US appears to have been induced to call this plant erecta, by way of contraft to the Tormentilla reptans, which he enumerates as a fpecies: fuch a plant 1s certainly figured and defcribed by feveral Englifh Botanifts, but we never yet faw any fpecies of Tormentil with a creeping ftalk; we have obferved the common Tormentil vary much in fize, in the length of its branches, and in the number and fize of its petals, we have noticed the leaves fometimes to have foot-ftalks, and we have for feveral years cultivated a large variety of this plant, which from one root has extended its ftalks nearly a yard every way, and though they have lain clofe to the ground, on a moift foil, we never could perceive thé leaft tendency in them to throw out roots at the joints; hence we are induced to conclude, that no other than one /7ecies of Tormentil exifls. As the Tormentil varies with five petals, fo the Potentilla reptans has fometimes only four, and, perhaps, a ftarved fpecimen of the latter, originally gave rife to the Tormentzlla reptans. This occafional variation in the number of the petals, &c. at once deflroys the generic character of the Tormentil ; for, add one-fifth part more of the fru&tificauon to thofe which already exift in the Tormentilla, and you make a Potentilla of it; or, vice ver/á, take one fifth-part of the fruétification from a Potentilla, and it becomes a Tormentilla; they ought furely then to form but one genus: Scororr unites them, face- tioufly remarking, Monoculum Hominem ab humano genere quis feparabit: Hater joins the Potentzlla, Tormentilla, Fragrarta, and Sibbaldia, in one family. x ES AUER tide: 9v acude aa Sa : ] Pip teehee xl - ‘ ; iaa dd lalate kes Sot, T ^ PL EOS XA i. por X 4 A sel de. "qnn Ie EE IA Ee De d ie at EER A 1 BGA pr - alise. 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[T 11 |y. i seaate 5 — s = v dodi i gotb gaibemeten Ai. ge mest a : it analy 5- - ' i mo duca 1 Pr Totg YOR ade doa: Re doa JA E Mos rui PR. Es dE. pow iiw. "T ‘ASE EG LM yx petite ^t nd r «> e à ra eii Qf r vv Busey , e» j . 2 [n DT P TE ge Au ) e pM "iret n 349. XA ] iet: RS - & As Mor 1 Lasagne) E Ti 33 ddp uote i HUS ee hid. d'asile ; noo Mu o Cistus HELIANTHEMUM. Dware CIsTUS. CISTUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Potyanpria MonoGynia. Cor. 5-petala. Cal. 5-phyllus; foliolis duobus minoribus. Cap/ula. Rau Syn. Gen. 24. HERBE PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERA, CISTUS Helianthemum faffruticofus procumbens, ftipulis lanceolatis, foliis oblongis revolutis fubpilofis. Lin, Syft. Vegetab. Sp. Pl. 744. FJ. Suec. n. 472. CISTUS folis conjugatis, ellipticis, hirfutis, integerrimis, petiolis unifloris, fubhirfutis: Hall. Hif. 1033. CISTUS HeZenrbemum. Scopol: FI. Carn. n. 649. | CHAM: CISTUS vulgaris flore luteo. Bauh. p. 465. HELIANTHEMUM Anglicum luteum. Ger. em. 1282. HELIANTHEMUM vulgare. Parkins. 656. Rau Sym. p. 341. Dwarf Ciftus, or little Sun-Flower. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 233. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 281. Oeder FJ. Dan. 101. RADIX perennis, fublignofa, fufca. Y ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody and brown. CAULES plurimi, futfruticofi, procumbentes, teretes, ¥ STALKS numerous, fomewhat- fhrubby, procumbent, inferne glabri, fuperne hirfutuli, fzepius rubi- Y round, below f{mooth, above flightly hairy, cundi. i moft commonly reddifh. FOLIA oppofita, breviffime petiolata, oblongo-ovata, Y LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on very fhort foot-ftalks, of acutiufcula, marginibus fubrevolutis, fuperne ¥ an oblong ovate fhape, fomewhat pointed, the faturate viridia, fcabriufcula, fubpilofa, -pilis y edges flightly rolled back, on the upper fide of furcatis, inferne fubtomentofa, jig. 1. i a deep green colour, roughifh, and fomewhat M hairy, the hairs forked, on the under fide a 1 little downy, jig. 1. STIPUL quaternz, lanceolate, pilofz. $ STIPULZE growing four together, lanceolate, and hairy. CALYX: PEnrANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo- Y CALY X: a Perianruium of five leaves and perma- liolis tribus fuperioribus ovatis, obtufiufculis, § nent, the three uppermoft ones ovate, bluntifh, membranaceis, fubdiaphanis, aequalibus, con- $ membranous, fomewhat tranfparent, equal, cavis, trinervibus, nervis coloratis, hirfutulis, Y concave, three-ribbed, the ribs coloured and duobus inferioribus minimis, lateralibus hir- Y hairy, the two lowermoft very {mall,. lateral, futis, fig. 2, 3- i and hairy, jig. 2, 3. COROLLA; PETALA quinque obcordata, flava, mar- 3 COROLLA : five Perats inverfely heart-fhaped, of a gine exteriore crenulata, fig. 4. i 22 colour, the outer edge flightly notched, 9. 4. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA numerofa, capillaria, flava, $ STAMINA : FILAMENTS numerous, capillary, yellow, receptaculo fupra calycem inferta. ANTHERE | inferted into the receptacle above the calyx. fubrotundz, parve, flava, fig. 5. i ANTHER roundifh, fmall, and yellow, jg. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum. Srvrvs lon- ¥PISTILLUM: GerMen roundifh. Sryne the length gitudine ftaminum, fuperne craffior, inferne y of the ftamina, thicker in its upper part, and fepius curvatus. STIGMA capitatum, planum, $ crooked below. STIGMA forming a little flat . Sig. 6. $ . head, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM : CarsurA fubrotunda, calyce ss posue a roundifh CarsuLE, covered with unilocularis, trivalvis, jig. 7. i the calyx, of one cavity and three valves, Y Aa SEMINA plurima, majufcula, ovato-acuta, rufa, jig. 8. T SEEDS numerous, rather large, ovate, pointed, and of t a reddifh brown colour, jig. 8. Moft of the plants of the Ciftus tribe are highly efteemed for their beauty, and generally cultivated in the gardens of the curious. Though our prefent fpecies cannot vie with many of thofe which are the produce of warmer climates, yet it is one of the moft ornamental of our native plants, and admirably well calculated to decorate a rock or dry bank, efpecially if its feveral varieties with white, rofe, and lemon-coloured flowers be intermixed. The particular merit of this plant is, that it is hardy, eafily propagated, either by feeds or cuttings, and continues for the greateft part of the fummer to put forth daily a multitude of new bloffoms. A ts Mr. Lawson is faid by Mr. Ray to have found it producing white flowers. I have myfelf obferved a wild variety with pale yellow bloffoms. A variety with double flowers is mentioned by HarLEm, which, if it could be procured, would be a valuable acquifition to our gardens. Linnaus has remarked, that the petals fometimes have an orange-coloured fpot at their bafe; and the leaves have been obferved to vary much in breadth. Iu chalky foils the Cifus Helianthemum is extremely common; but as that does not abound in the neighbourhood of London, it is confequently fcarce with us. | On a clofe examination of the hairs on the leaves we difcovered them to be ‘forked; a character which may, perhaps, contribute to diftinguith it from the polifolia, to which it feems very nearly related. It flowers from une to Augu/t. S ^. heen | PaPAVER DUBIUM. LoNG-sMOOTH-HEADED Poppy, "PAPAVER Lin. Gen. Pi. PDOPTANDRIA MonoGYNIA. Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. Cap/ula 1-locularis, fub ftigmate perfiftente poris dehifcens. Rati Syn Gen. 22. HERBJE VASCULIFERJE FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALJE. PAPAVER dubium capfülis oblongis glabris, caule multifloro fetis adpreffis, folis pinnatifidis inis Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 407. Sp. Pl. 726. Fl. Suec. n. 467. PAPAVER foliis hifpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, fru&u ovato levi. Haller. Hifl. w. 1063. PAPAVER erraticum capite longiffimo glabro. Tourn. Inf?. 238. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo longiore glabro, feu Argemone capitulo longiore glabro. Mor. H. -R. Bl. A. Ox. II. 279. S. III. 1. 14. fig. 11. Rai Syn. p. 309. Smooth-headed Baftard- Poppy. Hudfom. Fl Angl. p.231. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 280. This plant, in its general appearance, is fo very fimilar to the Papaver Rhéas, as often to be overlooked and miftaken for that fpecies. Were the flowers white, as Jacautn informs us they conftantly are in Auftria, the two plants would be much more obvioufly diftinguifhed ; but, fortunately, it has a few characters which always point it out to the attentive obferver. 'I'befe are principally drawn from the Capfules and Flower-ftalks ; the Capfules of the Rheas are broad and fhort, fomewhat refembling one-half of an egg cut tranfverfely: thofe of the dubium are long and ílender. Such is the general appearance of the two Capfules, which, however, are fubje& to confiderable variation. In the AZezs, the hairs on the Flower-ftalk are ftrong, rigid, and fpread horizontally ; in the dubsum they are finer, and preffed upward clofe to the ftalk *. On theyoung Flower-ftalks they aflume a fhining, filvery- white appearance, which looks very beautiful. Below the Flower-ftalks, on the other parts of the plant, the hairs Ípread out. In this laft character we do not recolle& to have ever been deceived. Befides thefe, which are the principal differences, the ftalks and leaves of the dubium are much paler: the flowers are alfo much fmaller, and lefs intenfely red. Culture produces no alteration in the conftancy of its characters. | In Batterfea Fields, where the foil is light, the duum is nearly as common, and as much of a weed, as the Rhbeas ; nor is it unfrequent on walls, in the environs of the Metropolis; according to Mr. LicHrrooT, it is the moft common fpecies in North Britain. Ina corn field, betwixt Croydon and Shirley Common, we once noticed feveral fpecimens of this poppy with very large Capfules, which, if we miftake not, were difeafed. . It flowers in June. * Jacauin’s figufe reprefents the hairs of the Flower-ftalks reverfed, amd the leaves too finely divided. B udb: v" rp RR PE Ania whe at eae 5: ^ ; ERO cxiob c e ug aspis! E a "s y SUbigua. aio its sii igno = "OC P 3 tal i iy "us Tia HE RI. AS ve 7 i à Vor ^k Lyr. <7 M4 5 Dis AE WBITSIDPU.. oi Sx: tnm: De E MO Alfa E i vi bid ub ud ( gu : "nn es 5 zd ‘owl to Í bich; ttc inizd talon. 3» Prost E ang pion rj dbadonon inva auliqdau vox ju ^ ‘= aar sig SE ee et eek 2 ated mG he x 7E eb t Ts vere bes ^o 5 ag orig eG Ji. à Pens [C A ot Puy tme en Rea NAR d y. aT T ^ borse € AVAL. - grea dps» rique fa 031.1 say ‘3 ier = 7x "id LOU IT [3n beim eoe odi. dide abn i : x14 tois eae oa an ‘ asbl Eu ti a TO "ion atte 3uo 25 rae HE H AL GE why Aw nu. stout Rosie r ae Py : dien ss ID yn e * t Ax Posh, srisdnt L^ ise S D Ici slate r Son ge sat cupi betel . yee ae eei sus iow teu doti, u T “ah tsk une nu. muon | jar 3 OE T th eti sn | P eas As ; »Tom z MEGRS 2 OBR: vi n] 3 Sgt - DE 24 E - D e ras " DUM P) Lu PaAPAVERARGEMONE. LONG PRICKLY“=HEADEDPoppy. PAPAVER Linx. Gen. Pl. Potyanpria MoNOGYNIA. Cor. 4 petala. Cal. 2 phyllus. Caffula t-locularis, fub ftigmate. perfiltente poris dehifcens. Raii Syn. Gen. 22. HerB® VASCULIFERE, FLORE TETRAPETALO ANOMALE. PAPAVER Zfrgemone capfulis clavatis hifpidis, caule foliofo multifloro. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 497. Spec. Pl. 725. Fil. Suec. n. 466. PAPAVER folis hifpidis, pinnatis, pinnis lobatis, capitulis ellipticis, hifpidis. Haller Hifi. n. 1063. PAPAVER. Argemone. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 636. ARGEMONE capitulo longiore. C. Baub. Pim, 172. Ger. emac. 273. Park. 370. PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo hifpido longiore. Rai Syn. p. 308. Long rough-headed baftard Poppy. Hudfon, Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 9. 230. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 279. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. y ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. | CAULIS : ubi late crefcit caules profert plures, pedales, YSTALK : where the plant grows luxuriantly, it puts et ultra, foliofos, adícendentes, hirfutos, inter ¢ forth feveral leafy, hairy ftalks, a foot or more fegetes vero caule folitario erecto fzepius gaudet. Y in height, and bending upwards, but among | i corn it is moft commonly found with a fingle Y upright ftem. ! FOLIA radicalia plurima, longe petiolata, pinnata, Í LEAVES next the root numerous, ftanding on long pinnis incifo-dentatis, dentibus mucronatis, foot-ftalks, pinnated, the pinnz deeply in- caulina tripartita, pinnatifida, omnibus pilofis, dented, the teeth terminating in a fhort point, fuperne faturate viridibus, nitidis, inferne pal- thofe of the ftalk deeply divided into three lidioribus. fegments which are pinnatifid, all the leaves are hairy, on the upper fide of a deep green colour, and fhining, on the underfide paler. PEDUNCULI pilofi, pilis adpreffis. FLOWER-STALKS hairy, hairs prefled clofe to the ig ftalk. CALYX: PzuriawTHIUM diphyllum, feu triphyllum, CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM compofed of two or three | deciduum, papillofo-hifpidum. | leaves, deciduous, hifpid, the hairs iffung from {mall papilla or prominent points. COROLLA: four PrETArLs, of a fcarlet colour, nearly upright, a little diftant from e: ^ other, in- verfely ovate, finely notched at top, and ; blackifh at the bafe, fig. 1. STAMINA: about twenty FiLAMENTS, of a purple colour, flat, dilated at top, and fhining. Awn- THER# ftanding each on a very fhort foot-ftalk, having two cavities. Potten blueith, ffe. 2. one of the ftamina magnified, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen the length of the filaments, thickeft at top, fomewhat angular, hifpid, the hairs grey and preffed to it. SrrGMA com- pofed of 3 to 5 villous rays, of a bluifh colour, COROLLA: PrTALA quatuor, miniata, fuberecta, re- | motiufcula, obverfe ovata, apice crenulata, bafi nigricantia, maxime caduca, fig. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA viginti circiter, purpurea, plana, apice dilatata, nitida. ANTHER# bre- viffime pedicellate, biloculares. PoLLEN cs- rulefcens, fig. 2. auct. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GerMen longitudine filamentorum, clavatum, fubangulatum, hifpidum, pilis ca- nis, adpreffis, STicmaTis radii 3 ad 5 vil- lofi, czrulefcentes, jig. 4. Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: an oblong, club-fhaped CaPsurr, fomewhat angular, hifpid, below for the moft Vien part naked, of a purplifh colour, jig. s. SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia, fig. 6, 7. SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackifh, fs. 6, 7s PERICARPIUM : Caprsuxa oblonga, clavata, fubangu- lofa, hifpida, inferne nudiufcula, purpurafcens, 4446464461660 ELE LE A ELE HELE 161€ LE EAE AE €€ 4€ LE «1644€ CELE € CE This fpecies of Poppy is diftinguifhed by a variety of particulars befides its long prickly heads, which, though not abfolutely neceffary to difcriminate the fpecies, are well worthy of our attention. The divifions of the leaves are finer than in any of the other poppies. The petals in general grow more upright; and, inftead of having the edges falling over each other, are ufually a little diftant. The ftamina are very remarkable, having the filaments uncommonly dilated towards the top, not at the bafe, as HarLrm afferts; and the Antherz ftand on a very flender foot-ftalk placed on the top of each filament. | Like moft of the other poppies it ufually grows in corn fields, and is not very unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London. About the beginning of June it bloffoms in Batterfea Fields; but is often overlooked from the extreme fugacity of its petals, which rarely continue expanded more than fix hours. ~ ~ ‘ Hd " s N = a 3 ; E J E z - d - ES E : os ‘ = 4 , . = 7 ? : 1 . \ \ \ jc / / j D » | s b * n " " B - * RS . t 3 . \ - " ^ ; S - 2 : : n ; : ; Sy Tee Meee Tes B Qi ki 3 Y 3 3 \ H 2 : S N r : ‘ —— . - 1 ] E * ‘ . * a " $ i 5 * i ^ - \ : c 2 X * ^ LI d - > 5 : 4 ; * D J : 2 | B . : \ 3 r Vu a AHOPAMC - iiübtaoql odeghov E TUS Ld Aa a 1 4. . j A j icd V wEl tk cran Pit n Pei dili ae "uitam Cs LE UA e rip: EN tiui reve Rl, aU Bpieterei pui tele d Sy PT Y Py ege Aw Dv : e S ; bs pr E : ; , 4 + ian ae Pa : s; à 5; Z 4 Vedi Sy AREER ue fis, Voir a oni RAE eT PM É Lu E k^ tat ve EIC IRA d ORIGANUM VULGARE. WiLp MARJORAM. ORIGANUM. Jun. Gen. Pl. Dipynamia GYMNOSPERMIA. | | / Strobilus tetragonus, fpicatus, calyces colligens. fig. 6. Rai Synop. Gen. 14. SurrRUTICES eT HERBA VERTICILLAT.E. ORIGANUM vulgare fpicis fubrotundis paniculatis conglomeratis, bra&teis calyce longioribus ovaus. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 452. Spec. Pl. p. 824. HH. Suec. m. 534. ORIGANUM foliis ovatis, umbellis coloratis, ftaminibus exfertis, Haller hift. n. 233. ORIGANUM vulgare. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 740. | ORIGANUM [ylveftre. Bauh. pin. 223. ORIGANUM anglicum. Ger. emac. 666. MAJORANA fylveftris. Park. 12. ORIGANUM vulgare fpontaneum. Bauh. hift. Il. 236. Rau Syn. 236. Wild Marjoram. .Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 9. 4. 962. Lightfoot Fi. Scot. D. 317. RADIX perennis, repens, horizontalis, fufca, pluri- mis fibris capillata. CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, ereétus, tetra- gonus, purpurafcens, pubefcens, ramofus. ROOT perennial, creeping, horizontal, brown, tufted with numerous fibres. STALK, a foot ora foot and a half high, upright, four cornered, purplifh, downy, and branched. BRANCHES oppofite, upright, more tender than the ftalk, in other refpeéts fimilar. LEAVES placed at the joints, oppofite, ftanding on foot-ftalks, ovate, pointed, finely and rarely toothed, above. nearly fmooth, be- neath downy, dotted on both fides, the edge finely fringed, fpreading. LEAF-STALKS downy. — AL. of the leaves, in the cultivated plant, bearing numerous {mall leaves. FLOWERS forming a panicle, compoled of numerous, roundifh fpikes, growing 1n clufters. FLORAL-LEAVES ovato-lanceolate, feflile, con- cave, entire, more deeply coloured than the corolla, appearing downy when magnified, placed one under each flower, jig. 1. CALYX: A Perianruium of one leaf, tubular, ftriated, flightly downy, ftanding on a fhort foot-ftalk, and almoft the length of the floral- leaf, the mouth bearded, divided into five, pointed, upright, equal, purple fegments, RAMI oppofiti, erecti, caule teneriores, in cseteris conformes. FOLIA ad genicula, oppofita, petiolata, ovata, acuta, minutim et rariter dentata, fupra glabriuf- cula, fubtus pubefcentia, utrinque punctata, margine minutim ciliata, patentia. PETIOLI pubefcentes. AXILL A foliorum in planta culta foliolis onufte. FLORES paniculati; £anzcula e fpicis plurimis, fub- rotundis, conglomeratis compofita. BRACTE ovato-lanceolate, fefliles, concave, in- tegre, corolla intenfius colorate, ad lentem pubefcentes, floribus fubjectee fingule, fig. 1. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, firiatum, fubpubefcens, pedicellatum, longitu- dine fere braCiez, ore barbato, quinquefido, laciniis acutis, erectis, eequalibus, purpureis, SiS» 2. COROLLA infundibuliformis, purpurea, £ubus vil- ‘Jofus, fenfim furfus ampliatus, calyce longior, limbus bilabiatus, labrum fuferzus erettum, bifidum, obtufum, znferzus trihdum, patens, obtufum, fig. 9. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, purpurea, corol- là paulo longiora, duobus inferioribus paulo longioribus; ANTHER#& didymz, faturatius colorate, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Geren quadripartitum; STYLUS filiformis, corolià longior ; Sticma bifidum, acutum, revolutum, jig. 5. Ag. TENDO funnel-fhaped, purple, the tude villous, eradually enlarged upwards, longer than the calyx, the limb compofed of two lips, the upper lip upright, bifid and obtufe, the lower lif trifid, fpreading and obtufe, fis. 3. STAMINA: four purple Fipamenrts, a little longer than the corolla, the two lowermoft fome- . what the longe ; AwTrHzR& double, and more deeply coloured, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Geren divided into four parts. STYLE filiform, longer than the corolla; STIGMA bifid, pointed, and turned back, QOO O4 Qd SH 9 QOO 9 Qe qe 99 0 KD GG PP PPD GO? 9 XP | Me fis. 5: ! SEMINA quatuor, ovata, in finu calycis conni- 5 SEEDS four, ovate, in the bottom of the calyx, ventis. "1 ^ which clofes over them. This aromatic and ornamental plant, grows wild on. dry chalky hills, and gravelly ground, in moft parts of Great Britain, though fparingly 1n the vicinity of London. It flowers in July and Auguft. : The leaves and flowery tops of Origanum have an agreeable aromatic fmell, and a pungent tafte, warmer than that of the Garden Marjoram, and much refembling Thyme; with which they appear to agree 1n medi- cinal virtue. Infufions of them are fometimes drank as tea, in weaknefs of the flomach, diforders of the breaft, for promoting perfpiration, and the fluid fecretions in general; they are fometimes ufed alfo in nervine and antirheumatic baths ; and the powder of the dried herb as an errhine. Diftilled with water, they yield a moderate quantity of a very acrid and penetrating effential oil, fmelling ftrongly of the Origanum, but lefs agreeable than the herb itfelf; this oil is applied on a little cotton for eafing the pains of carious teeth; and fometimes diluted and rubbed on the noftrils, or fnuffed up the nofe, for attenuating and evacuating mucous humours. Lewis M. Med. f. 469... | Ms ) It dyes linen cloth of a reddifh brown colour; for this purpofe the linen 1s firft macerated in alum water and dried; it is then foaked for two days in a decoétion of the bark of the crab-tree; itis wrung out of this, boiled “in a ley of afhes, and then fuffered to boil in the deco&tion. Haller nfl. Helv. f. 102. d According to Linn aus, it dyes woollen cloth alfo of a purple colour; is fometimes ufed as a fuccedaneum for tea, and added to beer to make it more quickly intoxicate, as likewife to prevent it from too guickly turning four. | en «mc P gas ; La J ) YO TF Someny cde ct judo bz Pun er mt i Dou Mig ae Baa he's ITEM es e : I 295 LIL IAP ye d; "n ow dd qu : etum Tcovodontit TEUCRIUM SCORODONIA. SAGE-LEAVEDGERMANDER, | or Woop SAGE. TEUCRIUM Lin. Gen. P]. DipYNAWMIA SUED A HER M Corolle labium fuperius (nullum?) ultra bafin bipartitum, divaricatum ubi ftamina. Rai Syn. Gen. 14. SurrRuTICES ET HERBA VERTICILLATE. 'TEUCRIUM Scorodonia foliis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, racemis lateralibus fecundis, caule-erecto.. Lin, Swi. Vegetab. p. 440. Sp. Pl. 789. . CHAMDRYS folis cordatis productis, fpicis longiffimis nudis heteromallis. Haller. Hi/t. 2; 287. TEUCRIUM Scorodonia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 721. SCORDIUM alterum five falviaagreftis Bauh. Pin. 247. SCORODONIA five falvia agreftis. Ger. em. 662. SCORODONIA Scordium alterum quibufdam et falvia agreftis. Park. 111. Ravi Syn. 245. Hudfon. | PL dagkL p. 248. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 303. FI. Dan. t. 485. RADIX perennis, lignofa, fubrepens. Y ROOT perennial, woody, and fomewhat creeping. CAULES plures, fefquipedales, bipedales et ultra, fub- 3S'TALKS feveral, a foot and a half, two feet high, and erecti, tetragoni, duri, purpurei, hirfuti. Y more, nearly upright, four-cornered, hard, Y purple, and hairy. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, cordato-oblonga, plerumque Y LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on foot-ftalks, of an oblong obtufa, fepe vero acutiufcula, falvie inftar ¥ heart-fhape, generally obtufe, but often a little venofa, utrinque hirfutula, obtufe et inzqua- Y pointed, veiny like fage, a little hairy on each liter ferrata. M fide, obtufely and unequally ferrated. PETIOLI hirfati. | T LEAF-STALKS hairy. | FLORES ftraminei, racemofi, fecundi, racemis op-Y FLOWERS ftraw-coloured, growing all one wav, on pofitis, longis, nudis, terminali duplo fere y long, oppofite, naked racemi, the terminal longiore. 3 one of which is almoft twice as long as the . reft. BRACT A ovato-acuminata, fingulo flori fubjecta. I FLORAL-LEAF ovate, pointed, and placed under each flower. CALYX: PrznrANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulofum, $ CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, on the inferne bafi gibbofum, labio fuperiore ere&to, integro, aut obfolete trilobo ; inferiore quadri- dentato, dentibus fubzequalibus, jig. 1. under fide gibbous at the bafe, the upper lip upright, entire or faintly three-lobed; the lower lip furnifhed with four teeth, which are | nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens ; Tubus cylindraceus, Y COROLLA monopetalous and ringent ; Tude cylindrical brevis; JLaózum fuperius ultra bafin profunde and fhort; upper Lip deeply divided beyond bipartitum, diftantibus ad latera laciniis; La- the bafe, fegments ftanding wide; lower Lip bium inferius patens, trifidum, lacinus laterah- fpreading, triüd, lateral fegments the fame bus figura labii fuperioris, media maxima, fub- fhape as the fegments of the upper lip, the rotunda, /ig. 2. middle one very large and roundifh, fre. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quatuor, quorum duo lon- 3 STAMINA : four FiLAMENTS, two of which aré longer «G6 6e +E KE KEKE ELE LE giora, purpurea, pilofa, primo erecta, conni-Y than the reft, purple and hairy, \at firft upright, ventia, poftea reflexa, et disjuncta. ANTHERS Y and clofing together, afterwards turned back, flava, fig. and feparated. ANTHER# yellow, fig. 3. ; M PISTILLUM : GERMEN quadripartitum. STYLUS fili- ¥ PISTILLUM : GERMEN quadripartite. — SryrE fili- formis. S'riIGMATA duo, tenuia, fig. 4. Y form. SricmMata two, flender, fe. 4. SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, nigricantia, nitida, in SEEDS four, nearly round, blackifh, fhining, in the fundo calycis, pilis traníverfis rigidis fere tecta, i bottom of the calyx, almoft covered with crofs ibique detenta, ad debitam maturitatem, /ig. 5. Y rigid hairs, and kept there till they have ac- quired a proper degree of ripenefs, jig. 5. The Wood-fage, or more preperly fage-leaved Germander, delights to grow in woody and hilly fituations, among bufhes, and under hedges, where the foil 1s dry and ftony; and in fuch places it is not only common with us, but frequent in moft parts of Great Britain. It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. Its leaves much refembles thofe of Sage, from which circumfiance, and not from any botanical or medical affinity, it receives its name. | As a medicinal plant, it has never been highly celebrated. Lewis omits it in his Materia Medica, but retains it in his Difpenfatory: in fmell, tafte, and medical virtues, he fays, it comes nearer to Scordium than Sage. Rurry relates a cafe of Vertigo, brought on by the odour which arofe from frequently handling the herb in the diftillation ofit. He afcribes to it the fmell of the Hop, in lieu of which, he fays, it may be fubftituted in making beer; and that, when boiled in the wort, the beer fooner becomes clear than when hops are made ufeof. Its virtues, in this refpe&, are highly extolled by the Rev. P. LAvungN1s of Bury *. We have only to wifh, that experiment may juftify the encomiums of our learned and benevolent friend. *« Seeing fo much fine ground under coftly hops, which, it muft be owned, had very large and verdant leaves, I *€ could not but repine at the expence of foil, poles, dung, and labour, beftowed on this plant, efpecially when ** there is great reafon to fuppofe, that the eucrrum Scorodonia would better anfwer the purpofe. Of this plant I ** can fo far fay, that in {mell and tafteit refembles Hops. The name by which it goes in fome authors is Amérofia, ** a name announcing fomething immortal and divine; and tothis day, améroi/e is the appellation by which it goes ** among the common people in the ifland of Jerfey. Here, when Cyder, the common beverage, has failed, 1 ** have known the people malt each his barley at home, and, inftead ot Hops ufe to very good purpofe, the « Ambroife of their hedges. * [tis my ardent with, I own, to fee juftice done to the neglected merits of this ambrofial plant; but fhould * indolence, prejudice, or private intereft, obftru& the introduction of it into ufe, let me at leaft intreat brewers to honour it with their notice, in preference to any unpalatable and unwholefome fubftitute they may have eccatfign ** to ufe in lieu of Hops.” * Vide Tour through Flanders, &c. publifhed jn the fourth number of Mr. Youne’s Annals of Agriculture. vip; SAM pen H y She had ar. ' H t £ 5 pud FAT Ae LE T ABE aet ht p no ‘ ANTIRRHINUM MiNUS. ‘THE LEAST Toap-FLAx. ANTIRRHINUM Zin. Gen. Pl. DipyNamMta ANGIOSPERMIA. Gal. 5-phyllus. Corolle bafis deorfum prominens, ne&arifera. Capfula 2 -locularis. Raii Sym. Gen. 18. Herp FRÜCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO, ANTIRRHINUM minus foliis plerifque alternis lanceolatis obtufis, caule ramofiffimo diffüfo. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 466. Sp. Pl. p. 852. Fl. Suec. p. 502. ANTIRRHINUM vifcidum folis inferioribus conjugatis ellipticis obtufis hirfutis, calcare dimidii floris longitadine. Haller. Hifi. n. 335. V ANTIRRHINUM minus. Scopoli Fl. Carn. ti. 769. ANTIRRHINUM arvenfe minus. Bawh. pin. 212. ANTIRRHINUM minimum repens. Ger. emac. 549. ANTIRRHINUM fylveftre minimum. — ParZins. 1334- LINARIA Antirrhinum di&a, Rai Syn. p. *283. The leaft Calf's Snout or Snap-dragon. Hudjon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 272. . Oeder. Fi. Dan, t. 532. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. . i ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. CAULIS erectus, fpithamzeus, feu dodrantalis, ad bafin 3 STALK upright, from five to nine inches in height, ufque ramofus, teres, ramis inferioribus oppo- Y branched down to the bottom, round, the fitis, fuperioribus alternis. i lowermoft branches oppofite, the uppermoft Y alternate. FOLIA ut ut tota planta villofa, fubvifcofa, inferiora op- i LEAVES as well as the whole plant villeus, and fome- pofita, patentia, fubfpatulata, fuperiora al-¥ what vifcid, the lower ones oppofite, fpreading, terna, recurvata, lineari-lanceolata, obtufa. Y . fomewhat fpatula-fhaped, the upper ones alter- i i nate, bent back, betwixt linear and lanceolate, Y the extremity obtufe. | FLORES parvi, folitar, alterni, pedunculati, pedun- $ FLOWERS {mall, folitary, alternate, ftanding on up- .. — eulis ere&is. i right foot-ftalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinque-partitum, perfiftens, y CALYX : a Perrantuium deeply divided into five feg- laciniis linearibus, fubzequalibus, corolla bre- Y ments, which are linear, nearly equal, fhorter vioribus, jig. I. i than the corolla and permanent, jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubus fuperne purpureus, in- yCOROLLA monopetalous, the tube on the upper fide ferne maculis duabus parallelis, purpureis no- ¥ . purple, underneath marked with two parallel tatus, calcar brevifümum fubulatum purpu- purple fpots, fpur very íhort and tapering, of raícens, labium fuperius bifidum, inferne albi- a purplifh colour, the upper lip bifid, on the dum, inferius triidum, album; palatum villo- $ underfide whitifh, the lower trifid and white, fum, flavefcens, jig. 2. | the palate villous and yellowith, jig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quatuor, alba. AnruzrmYSTAMINA: four white Firaments. ANTHERA 4645-4646 nigricantes. PoLLEN album. i blackifh. PorrENw white. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, vifcidum, rofef- Y PISTILLUM ;: GERMEN fomewhat ovate, vifcid, and of: cens. STYLUS filiformis, fuperne purpureus. $ a reddifh. brown colour. SrYvrE filiform, on ST:GMA fimplex, album. $ the upper part purplifh. STIGMA fimple and We Ye v oO PERICARPIUM: Ca?surLA ovata, apice dehifcens. Y SEED-VESSEL, an ovate CAPSULE opening at top. Botanifts have diftinguifhed this fpecies by the names of minus and minimum, as being the moft diminutive of the genus. It may alfo be confidered as one of the leaft ornamental. It is chiefly found in corn fields, efpecially where the foil is fandy. We have occafionally noticed it in Batterfea Fields with the Orozt/um ; but in many parts of Kent it grows much more plentifully. We know of no ufe to which it is applicable; and it is too diminutive a plant to do much harm where it is moft abundant. Introduced intothe garden, it comes up annually without any care, nor is it eafily loft. It branches and fpreads according to the luxuriance of the foil, and frequently grows to'a much greater fize than our figure reprefents. It flowers from June to Auguft. Oh es vds kr ^^i "oen PS? + 6 io tmi P jm B nbmnus Ar + . Ni 335 I a’ ( fert 2 27 SSowerky del. et feubpt, 7 — Lm EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS. COMMON EYEBRIGHT. EUPHRASIA Lin. Gen, Pl. Dipyxamta A OTO RR nit. Cal. 4-fidus, cylindricus.. Caps. 2-locularis, ovato-oblonga. Amthers - inferiores altero lobo bafi fpinofze, Rait Syn. Gen. 18. HERB.E FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. Lin. Syft. Vesetab. p. 460. Sp. Pl. Haller hift: 303. EUPHRASIA officinalis folis ovatis lineatis argute dentatis. p. 481. Fl. Suec. n. 543. EUPHRASIA officinalis. | Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 753: EUPHRASIA officinarum. Bauh. pin. 239. Ger. emac. 663. Parkinf. 1329. Raii. Syn. p. * 284. Eyebright, Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 208. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. f. 323. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. CAULIS bipollicaris ad palmarem et ultra, erectus, teres, pubefcens, purpureus, plerumque ra- mofus. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, obtufa, ferrato-dentata, den- tibus acuminatis, fupra convexis, fubtus con- cavis, minutim ciliatis, utrinque hirfutula, fupra nitidula, lineata, fubtus venofa. RACEMUS terminalis, foliaceus, ere&us, : floribus axillaribus, oppofitis, feflilibus. CALYX: PerrantTHium monophyllum, ovatum, an- gulatum, perfiftens, foliis paulo brevius, pu- befcens, quadrifidum, laciniis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, ereCtis, ciliatis, fubzequalibus, seh | COROLLA monopetala, alba, ringens ; Tubus cylin- dricus, albus, glaber, longitudine calycis, jig. 2. Lunbus bilabiatus ; Ladzwm fuperius album, fubovatum, concavum, pubefcens, ftriis cerulefcentibus utrinque 3, intus pittum, - obtufum, erectum, bifidum, lobis emargina- tis, fig. 3 ; inferius fuperiori paulo majus, tri- fidum, laciniis omnibus emarginatis, fig. 4. Faux undique ftriata, et picta. firtis cerulel- centibus, antice vero colore luteo. — STAMINA: FinaMENTA quatuor, fubulata, pur- purafcentia, tubo inferta, fig. 5. ANTHERE purpurez, bilobe, obtufz, fubtus barbate, conniventes, lobis fpinula terminatis, duabus inferioribus longioribus, jig. 6, 7. PISTILLUM: GermeN ovatum, obtufum, barbatum, fig. 8. Srvrus filiformis, fuperne pubefcens, fig. 9. Sticma obtufum, integrum, fig. 10. PERICARPIUM: Capsuza ovato-oblonga, com- preffa, obtufa, mucronata, bilocularis, fig. 11. SEMINA plurima, albida, ftriata, fg. 12. ROOT annual, fibrous, and whitifh. STALK from two to four inches high, or more, up- right, round, hoary, purple, for the moft part branched. LEAVES oppohte, ovate, obtufe, ferrated ot indent- ed, teeth pointed, -above corivex, beneath concave, finely edged with hairs, fligh hirfute on each fide, above fomewhat glo! with lines imprefled, underneath veiny. ACEMUS terminal, leafy, upright, flowers in the ale of the leaves, oppofite and feflile. JALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, ovate, an- gular, permanent, a little fhorter than the leaves, pubefcent, divided into four fegments, which are lanceolate, long-pointed, upright, edged with hairs, and nearly equal, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, white, ringent; Tube cy- lindrical, white, fmooth, the length of the calyx, jig. 2. Limb two-lip’d; upper Le white, fomewhate ovate, hollow, downy, painted on the infide with three blueifh ftreaks on each fide, blunt, upright, bifid, the lobes emarginate, fig. 3; the lower lip fomewhat larger than the upper, trifid, all _ the fegments emarginate, fig. 4. Mouth ftri- ated all round, and painted with blueifh {treaks, but anteriorly of a yellow colour. STAMINA : four tapering, purplifh FiraMENTs in- ferted into the tube of the corolla, fis. 5. ANTHER & purple, two-lob'd, obtufe, beard- ed underneath, clofing together, the lobes terminating inafpine, the two lowermoft the longeft, fig. 6, 7. PISTILLUM: GERMEN ovate, obtufe, bearded, fig. 9. STYLE, filiform, downy, on.the upper part, fig.9. STIGMA blunt, and entire, fig. 10. SEED-VESSEL: an ovate, oblong, Carsu te, flat- tened, obtufe, with a fhort point, of two ca- vities, fig, 11. [9] SEEDS feveral, whitifh, and ftriated, fig. 12. ! ver y OQ A DDODOOOSOOPDOSS DODD ODO DODO OQ Q2 GO XD O2 G2 XO GO GO GOD GO GO OP OPOOD OOD OPPO 2 C2 Ga Go GO CD Eyebright is a very common plant on heaths, and paftures, efpecially where the foil is chalky; it varies much in fize and in the branchednefs of its ftalk, as well as in the colour and fize of its blofloms, and flowers from July to September. Many writers on the Materia Medica, afcribe to this plant wonderful efficacy in diforders of the Eyes: ArsTON fays, it has been long reckoned a fpecific opthalmic, and commended for dim, weak, and watery eyes, for inflamed and fore eyes, for cataraéis, &c. yea, it is faid to make old eyes become young again, and the blind to fee. books of this fort, thus mentions it: Mitron, who moft probably from his own misfortune, had been induced to look into * but to nobler fights * Michael from Adam's eyes the film remov'd, * Which that falfe fruit that promis clearer fight ** Had bred; then purg’d with eufAra/y and rue ** The vifual nerve, for he had much to fee." On the other hand, there are not wanting thofe who condemn its ufe, efpecially in inflammatory com- plaints of the eyes; a friend of Loszv's is faid nearly to have loft his eyefight by the ufe of it. In fuch contrariety of fentiment, it will, perhaps, be moft prudent not to lay too much ftrefs on fo doubtful a remedy. i i c n "s E boit 4 AA : : PB stpqoahustid "Mas eo SOWAS CHA DR SA x» -2Dnsg kc. BY ud Ic Emo pa WHITE e BT. Vie dat: vs iÉ j M E MEET Wr "LE ; S i DAT «a us d wm : $ qua eRe ze da D Tt us usua QE BAMIUCP E ege dd S "CAE OMIT p. LCVNEOE pus yes) * (IRI ISOALOM pue x ET * alec Aaa n de Buc are ut A SE etos D E 2:5 ry LG Pers KS sd ar E crues. c E irá en 2 Ls rig rd beer, Mosse bt bio Bip F- nu di 3f y +? bes gd um. EST CM om, M , ^ *b olsty E Vae pel TT amor » EL » i - be / Li *x B ‘ ‘ aime 15e My L 2^ - " " E ee’ v r1 £1 : v A L ^d Tm» : t emat Bek es € ‘ener Fk: mur j 4 » * * E E : T 1 . M = 3 4 , Diem etme : à à qon has T EA E : ; : vut € E. T. t4 4 : ; . LI 22r. ri stiv? ? k Hf M : , FE * 3 ei * we bas 1 tá = P 1 RI TP SE 1 PA us ince wen - Wort : t x ptos uda ef MES EEE Hn: oF tea de ^tt d L nnn ffr-itf H M | : : = oe : & * -— 2 j , prb ky : 4 ml E í , 2. dones pe ag - " “a MID à ‘ 3 " Ls 1 -4 h * * fx af » * B x L * ' 4 & ; ) " 4 * ; | 3 * K "i $ ’ vy Aa C 4 is 4 E 2 IN TENE : nai Shee ole : a 105 05053. prs wit ul: Y d errs j rt 4 vo Ns PES LIEN bt aby Chon nii Ps ES 1 i BW FOOT USE ON UOI CMW Woks. at ose tibaass i5 d | t "f 1 Lm - E MS SV T IT i T Las tee E fo Sri ELA ; | na? y ; ; | Á Z0 6. e ' " 3 vere / omi v Mia cha 131330512 - 1 , d I Tie sm acm 3 ; ow lex wer Re» pes € i : ; OG og sR EEE k hd , $e mre Sx 4 " 1) E ee . ae re e " » ee " v. . i 254 * ^ - * B > - 3 , E 2 g ate E an ' » ‘ * s "3 fe 4 4 ^ 9. L- % AVES » s? : Led 2. x2 | - d : ! í 2^ ! 1 x : ^ : » B. ^ " ^" Pub Ut : ET " i E S NET , : $a ^ " ! mi ¥ y : d . > 3 * > * k * b > — " ' L i ! I 4 ‘ " L | H i zi DAL & *; TIT - s ’ be y d a : ^ - dw 1 J 2 Y - ' ba ‘ ? V : co = ; s. 1 i : : ) av^ ud Aarts : ow AE ek 02^ l ) ] ! * PUR, " t : » p t uU ; E bed ^ , . e & ROS | s r ‘ E- T iU ww x vd Aet, d ee XI d ‘ 2% ew xd us. NI Egt “ onde " 1 E e " " i A E. - t] delà VUA. : » 6^ — Wa” Y ae M ES oc RTI Riya » A LIS ] . 1 | E — te | * n2 J F : mi EAST ^ Miu 01 eee eh ^ A EA iz x pm "OE A " cr di px 3 , . at " 4 T Tr Vi te vet o E UE T iud Ec a 5 c 3 : bi NM A TR MS jore ma CAM ERES SUI due Ww. : : b r^ , t EXC à t . a - x - : ' t nb vd hossbitpus t1 Cy aW ok Manag chat ios Saabs DE PUBRUS $4 STENT C Car Ti RETA DEMS - TIME | D - : re lag: RHINANTHUS Crista GaLLr. YELLOW RATTLE. RHINANTHUS Lin. Gen. Pl. Dipynamia ANGIOSPERMIA. Gal. 4-fidus, ventticofus. Capfula 2-locularis, obtufa, comprefia. Raii Sy. Gen, 18. HERB FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPET ALO, ~ RHINANTHUS Crifa Galli corollis labio fuperiore compreffo breviore. Lin. Syf. Vegetad. p. 459. Sp. Pl. p. 840. Lh, Suec. 542. | ^ ALECTOROLOPHUS calycibus glabris. Haller. Hf. 313. MIMULUS Crfa Gall. Scopoli Fh ny. 8. 751. PEDICULARIS pratenfis lutea vel Crifta Galli, Baub. Pin. 163. CRISTA GALLI fcemina. £. B. III. 436. CORISTA GALLL Ger. em. 1071: PEDICULARIS feu Crifta Galli lutea. Park. 713. Yellow Rattle or Cocks-comb. Rai Syn. * 284. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 268. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. b. 322. RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, parum fibrofa. NOCH annual, fimple, whitifh, furnifhed with few fibres. CAULIS pedalis circiter, erectus, fimplex, feu ramofus, YSTALK about a foot high, upright, fimple or branched, quadrangulus, glaber, purpureo maculatus. Y Íquare, fmooth, and fpotted with purple. FOLIA oppofita, remotiufcula, feflilia, cordato-lanceo- y LEAVES oppofite, rather remote from each~ other, lata, obtufiufcula, venofa, lzvia, fubtus tuber- Y feffile, lanceolate with a heart-fhaped bafe, culis albidis pulchre reticulata, ferrata, ferra- 4 bluntifh, veiny, fmooth, underneath beauti- turis margine craflis et fubinvolutis. + fully reticulated with white tubercles, fawed, i the notches thick on the edge, and fomewhat Y rolled back. ny t BRACTE oppofite, magne, folis fimiles at bafi la- y FLORAL-LEAVES oppofite, large like the leaves, but tiores, et profundius incife, ferraturis acumi- Y broader at the bafe, and more deeply cut in, natis. i the notches pointed. FLORES flavi, fpicati, pedunculis breviffimis infidentes. y FLOWERS yellow, growing in a fpike, and fitting on Y very fhort foot- ftalks. CALYX: PzniawTHIUM monopbyllum, fubrotundum, $ CALYX: a PeRIANTHIUM of one leaf, roundifh, in- inflatum, compreffum, quadridentatum, den- Y flated, flattened, having four equal teeth, of a tibus equalibus, pallide virens, venofum, per- i pale green colour, and permanent, jig. 1. fiftens, fig. 1. 1 COROLLA monopetala, ringens. Zbws fubcylindra- $ COROLLA monopetalous, ringent. Tube fomewhat ceus, longitudine calycis; /abium fuperius ga- Y cylindrical, the length of the calyx; the up- leatum, compreffum, emarginatum, margine : per Jip helmet-fhaped, flattened, with a notch anteriori utrinque violaceo; Jabium inferius trifi- Y on the end, the anterior edge blueifh on each dum, laciniis lateralibus planis, rugofis, inter- Í fide, the lower lip trifid, the lateral fegments media majori, marginibus involutis, fig. 2. t flat and wrinkled, the middle one largeft, the Y edges rolled inward, jig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quatuor, longitudine labii STAMINA : four Fit AMENTS, the length of the upper fuperioris, fub quo recondita, quorum duo € lip, under which they lie hid, two of which breviora, ANTHER® incumbentes, hinc bi- Y ate fhorter than the others; ANTHER@ in- fide, hirfute, fig. 3. Y cumbent, at one end bifid, and hairy, jg. 3. PISTILLUM : GerMeEn ovatum, compreffum, glabrum. ¥ PISTILLUM: GirMen ovate, flattened, fmooth. SrvrE ST Y Lus filiformis, ftaminibuslongior. STIGMA y filiform, longer than the ftamina. Sricma - obtufum, inflexum, /ig. 4. 1 blunt, and bent downwards, jig. 4. — PERICARPIUM: CarsuLA orbiculata, mucronata, j SEED-VESSEL : a round, flat CapsuLEe of two cavi- compreffa, bilocularis, bivalvis, jig. 7. d ties and two valves, terminating in a fhort point, jig. 7. SEMINA plurima, majufcula, compreffa, fubreniformia, ¥SEEDS feveral, rather large, flattened, fomewhat kid- libera, fig. 8. ¥ ney-fhaped and loofe, fig. 8. The feeds of this plant, when ripe, rattle in the hufks, and hence its name. LiInnaus informs us, that this circumftance guides the Swedifh peafant in mowing his grafs for hay. In the neighbourhood of London hay- making commences while this plant is in full bloom. It abounds in moft of our paftures, and flowers early 1n June. Agriculturally confidered, we may rank it with the ufelefs plants. LM" In the third edition of Ray’s Synopfis, DriLLENIUS, on the authority of Dr. Ricuarpson, adds another fpecies, which he calls Pedicularis major anguftifolia ramofifima flore minore luteo, labello purpureo. Found near York, and alfo in Northumberland. This, however, is confidered by fucceeding Botanifts as a variety only, and 1s not found with us. eee EIC ee ie i4 (eS . VP VOS AW t 292 2 et Sehrophulari " agenti SCHROPHULARIA AQUATICA: WatTeRr-FiGwort, or W aTER-BETONY. > hug SCHROPHULARIA Liz. Gen. P/. DipyNAMIA ÁNGIOSPERMIA. . Caf. quinquefidus. Cor. fubglobofa, refupinata. Caf. bilocularis. Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HERB& FRUCTU $1CCO SINGULARI, FLORE MONOPET ALO. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica folis cordatis obtufis petiolatis decurrentibus, caule membranis angulató x racemis terminalibus, Lim. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 468. Sp. Pl. p. 864. SCHROPHULARIA caule alato quadrangulo paniculato, folis ovato lanceolatis. Hal/. Hf. 326. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 776. SCHROPHULARIA aquatica major. Baub. Pin. 235. BETONICA aquatica. Ger. emac. 715. inp BETONICA aquatica major. Parkinfon. 613. Raii Syn. 283. Water-Betony, but more truly Waters Figwort. Hudfon FL Angl. p. 275.. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p.» 329. RADIX perennis, craíffa, fibris numerofis, majufculis,¥ ROOT perennial, thick, furnifhed with numerous, longis, albis, donata. i large, long, white fibres. CAULIS tripedalis, ad orgyalem, erectus, ramofus YSTALK from three to fix feet in height, upright; levis, quadrangularis, purpureus, angulis ala- 3 branched, fmooth, four-cornered, purple, the tis; rami foliofi, cauli fimiles. Y angles winged, branches leafy, like the ftalk. FOLIA petiolata, oppofita, diftantia, decurrentia, fub- Y LEAVES ftanding on foot-ftalks, oppofite, remote from connata, cordato-oblonga, fubinde: appendicu- each other, uniting in fome degree at the bafe; lata, obtufa, venofa, crenata, nuda. current, oblong heart-fhaped, having fome- times little appendages, obtufe, veiny, crenated, | and fmooth. FLORES paniculato-fpicati, terminales. $ FLOWERS terminal, growing in a panicle-like fpike. RAMI paniculz oppofiti, trichotomi, bracteá lanceolata BRANCHES of the panicle oppofite, trichotomous, fup- AH 44€ fuffulti, pedunculis lateralibus, multifloris, brac- 1 ported by a pointed floral-leaf, flower-ftalks tzatis, fubvifcidis, intermedio folitario. X lateral, many-flowered, furnifhed with floral d leaves, fomewhat vifcid, the middle one foli- tary. CALYX: PrRr1ANTHIUM monophyllum, auinquendviny CALY. X: a PERIANTHIUM of one leaf, divided into five perfiftens, laciniis corolla brevioribus, rotun- "s fegments and permanent, the fegroents fhorter datis, membrana fufcà lacerá marginatis, fig. Y than the corolla, round and edged with a tag- ged brown membrane. jig. 1. I. COROLLA monopetala, inzqualis, atro-rubens. Tu-+ COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, of a deep red co- bus globofus, magnus, inflatus, fig. 2. Limbus i Jour. Yube globular, large inflated. fig. 2. quinquepartitus, laciniis duabus majoribus fub- y Limb deeply divided into five fegments, the erectis, rotundatis, fig. 3. cum intermedia fqua- Y two uppermoft of which are largeft, fome- mula labrum parvum mentiente fubjecta, fig. 4. Y what upright, and rounded, jig. 3. with an duabus lateralibus patulis, fg. 5. tertia mi- Y intermediate little ícale like a fmall lip placed nima fubinvoluta, fig. 6. i underneath them, fig. 4. the two fide ones i Ípreading, fig. 5. the third very minute and $ rolled up, jiz. 6. STAMINA: FrLAMENTA quatuor, alba, linearia, fub-¥STAMINA: four white, linear, flightly vifcid Fira- vifcida, declinata, longitudine corolle, quorum Y MENTS, inclining downwards, the length of duo feriora. ANTHER@ didymz, flave, fig. y the corolla, two of which are later than the 27 9: " Y others. ANTHER# double and yellow, jig. 7, 8. PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, glandula netari- ¥ PISTILLUM : GERMEN fomewhat conical, fupported fera cinctum, fig. 9, 10. SrYrvs fubulatus, $ by a ne&areous gland, fig. 9, 10. Sr rz ta- apice fubincurvatus, fg.11. STIGMA obtufum, Y pering, bending downwards a little at the top, flavum, fg. 12. © i fig. 11. STIGMA blunt and yellow, jig. 12. PERICARPIUM : CarsuraA fubrotunda, acuminata, bi- SEED-VESSEL a roundifh pointed Carsurr, of two locularis, bivalvis, diffepimento e marginibus Y cavities and two valves, partition formed by the valvularum inflexis conftructo, apice Bde . edges of the valves turning in, opening at top. TEED DR SEMINA Spee parva, fufca. + SEEDS numerous, {mall, and brown. RECEPTACULUM unum, fubrotundum in utrumque RECEPTACLE fngle, roundifh, infinuating itfelf loculamentum fe infinuans. ; Y into each cavity or cell. The name of Water-Betony (by which this plant is, perhaps, more generally better known than by its other name of Water-Figwort) has been affigned it from the great fimilitude which its leaves bear to thofe of the Wood- Betomy; but as it differs from it totally in its fructification, and confequently in its generic character, the latter name 1s certainly to be preferred. ] In its ufual ftate of growth it has little to recommend it as an ornamental plant; but when variegated, few exceed it in beauty. In this ftate it is not uncommon in the nurferies about London. It grows naturally by the fides of rivers, ponds, and wet ditches; and flowers from une to September. Medicinally the leaves of this fpecies are recommended for the fame purpofes of thofe of the Scrophularia nodofa, to which they have by fome been preferred: in tafte and fmell they are fimilar, but weaker. Mr. MARCHANT reports, in the Memoires of the French Academy, that this plant is the fame with the iguetaia of the Brazilians, celebrated as a fpecific corrector of the ill flavour of Sena. On his authority the Edinburgh College, in their common infufion of that drug, dire&ed two-thirds its weight of the Water-figwort leaves to be joined; butasthey _ have now difcarded this ingredient, we may prefume that it was not found to be of much ufe. Lewis Mat. Med. Ed. Aikin, p 508. The difagreeable fmell which attends this plant when bruifed makes it reje&ed by cattle in general; neverthelefs, both its leaves and flowers are much reforted to by different kinds of infe&s. The Yenthredo Schrophularia Lin. feeds on its foliage, both in its caterpillar and perfe& ftate. The beautiful caterpillar of the Pha/ena Verbafci feeds on this plant as well as on the Mullein. Both bees and wafps colle& great quantities of honey from its flowers, and as thefe continue to be produced for a great length of time, it is one of thofe plants which perhaps may be made to grow near bee-hives with advantage. auia n cae Fio e br ans ino ; fh ^l oo LE i +e ayy AH qu eM. P eave IU sni ft iyd enaxrdsd th A do e al ag Ew. Hi p MER bare at Tox NERIS: y FRE 3 J Sowerty ded, et fei. 7i ueste 4v THLASPI CAMPESTRE. MirHRIDATE Mustarp. THLASPI Liz. Gen, Pl. Tetrapynamia SiLICULOSA. Silicula emarginata, obeordata, polyfperma: valvulis navicularibus, marginato-carinatis, Raii Sym. Gen. 21. HERBA ''ETRAPETAL E SiLIQUOsX ET SILICULOSIE, | THLASPI campefire filiculis fübrotundis, foliis fagittatis dentatis, incanis. Lin, Sp. PA p.9oz. Sf l'egetab. p.491. Fl. Suec. n. 575. NASTURTIUM follis imis petiolatis ovatis, caulinis fagittatis dentatis, Haller. Hf. n. 59: THLASPI campeftre, Stopoli Flor. Carm. n. 807, THLASPI arvenfe, Vaccarie folio majus. Bauh. Pin. 166. THLASPI mithridaticum five vulgatiffimum Vaccarie folio. Parkins. p. 835. THLASPI vulgatiis. 5f. Baub. II. p. g2r. THLASPI vulgatifimum. Ger. em. p: 262. Raii Syn. 305. Mithridate Muftard, Baftard Creffes. Hudfon, Fl. Angl. p. 281. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 341. : RADIX annua, firaplex, fibrofa. | 1 ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, erectus, teres; fub- 3 STALK a foot or a foot and a half high, upright; angulofus, villofus, fuperne tantum ramofus. Y round, very flightly angular, villous, branched , attoponly. — FOLIA radícalia longe petiolata, oblongo-ováta; ob-? LEAVES next the root ftanding on long foot-ftalks, of tufa, fzpius fubintegra, interdum vero báfi an oblong ovate fhape, for the moft part nearly pinnatifida, cito marcefcentia, caulina fagittata, Y entire; but fometimes pinnatifid at the bafe, itn Pr V fübere&ta, villofa, dentata, y D oe s of the ftalk PEE amplexicaulia. $ placed irregularly, numerous, nearly upright 7 zi Y | , vilous, toothed, and embracing the ftalk. FLORES minimi, àlbi, $ FLOWERS very finial and white; RACEMI longi, ere. — — L^ D . RACEMI long and upright. PEDUNCULI teretes, villofi, patentes, filiculis mU BLOM US round, villous and fpreading, a longiores. ie: ¥ little longer than the feed-pods. ' CALYX: PERIANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, Y CALYX : 4 PeRIANTHiUM of four leaves, the leaflets obtuíis, concavis, ad lentem fubpilofis, mar- $ ovate, obtufe, holiow, flightly hairy when ginibus et apicibus albidis, alternis paulo bre: ¥ magnified, the edges and tips whiti(h, the vioribus et anguftioribus, fig. 1. i alternate ones fhorter ahd narrower than the mM Y . .". others, fe. 1. | COROLLA: PETALA quatuor, alba, calyce paulo lon- i COROLLA compofed of four white PETArs, a little giora, limbo fubrotutido, ungue gracili, fig: 2 longer than the calyx, the limb roundifh, and ! m . €law very flendér, jig. 2. STAMINA: FizAMENTA fex, quorum duo paulo bre- STAMINA : fix p c of which two are fhorter q B | viora, ANTHERZ flave, fig. 3. i than the reft, fig. 3. | PISTILLUM: GerrMen ovale, compreffum, emargi- $ PISTILLUM : GenMEN oval, flat, emarginate. SrvrE natum. STYLUS brevifümus. STiGMA capi. s very fhort. SriGMA forming a little head, tatum, fig. 4. Y Jig. 4. PERICARPIUM : SiLicUuLA ovata, obtufa, emarginata { SEED-VESSEL : an ovate Pop, obtufe, emarginate, difperma, inferne gibba, fuperrie concava, fe- 4 Containing two feeds, underneath gibbous, minibus protuberantibus, jig. 5, 6; : above concave, the feeds protuberating, jig. 55 6. The 2 4lafbi arvenfe filiquis latis of C. Baubine, and the prefent fpecies, are the two whofe feeds have been fele&ted from this numerous genus for medicinal ufe. Thefe appear to have been ufed indifcriminately ; and fometimes the feeds of the common Crefs (Lapidium Jatroum) have been fubftituted for both. "Their virtues appear to be pretty fimilar: Ru TY prefers thofe of the arven/e, as being the moft a&ive: they certainly have much more of the allia- ceous tafte than thofe of the campeffre. In the prefent practice they are rarely made ufe of any otherwife than as ingredients in the Venice Treacle and Mithridate; though fome recommend them in different diforders, preferably to the common Muftard, with which ' they agree nearly in their pharmaceutic properties. — Lezw;s, Mat. Med. p. 647. The prefent {pecies is not an unufual inhabitant of corn-fields; neverthelefg it is rather a fcarce plant with us. We have noticed it in the greateft plenty about Coomb Wood, near Kingfton. Dr. GooDENouGH informs me, itis hot uncornmon in Gunnerfbury Lane, near Ealing. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July and Auguft, y ia Wea, nre j^ a Sr eng irt Suiten usas bulis aa Té x TW *1t UE E ER WM s "'utasgaipy 1424.11 VIT HAM otio UB cie ca Mi BO door vr f ; i Aoc RE _ Sigainiday 205 otl Baias uiti Stoo: adr. uii ioltiv eiPrcadiut daiston. fefta ry si whois fon ll tae a trat 2: ma A cont rd " duds * ic * F M ig? * * > Ore irom i ] IE isis sd). dd stat nia. 344 m zm X (- atras e sree fied 251 ates b grictien 3i AM | n Oidsenter im irs j qti - Jit » ud $y, A ec Fate 2d dup Tüor jd i aval m [ : AND md li det as xk wh. de (ul n Pay BS Ts | eds ki wp zi Y gh d m y teen al UPPER PETRUS sachets VOUS PETAT s ide bin aaah olan : 255 MEME: sias mu. perl MT OE BEA s di Y fiber | ristab: eilébosidab ex FAT | Qoi, Xbmute ddbwennél SUE TO" Iu P" 1304933-. Li Wie Dy dblusin SS E daa 8 tin od eichin. biu obtained mobnor s H iy TLE A ? "e f aie ^ " SETTE 1: UE Y barrie home bos till) tio: Dein ta > sie | ) : slc esf 3001 vie Sierbcsd e Vestri Wi gie trrgb ig ^ CORE ATYNT ; ci nd üt 20 fioío. bavi en edi p d bs sus dll MS i : (n: ossia olny, t n Deli oce t Mens IER TS * jo "esbit ahd aw osha Seat alee E forty : Er dr nni 10 wi age ee ek Lars Ya Us d SB Jud cu Si 0x rnm to 1i bus. but xj ol dx MATE s : vi ; n 1 4 , : Ad ry : e ptitiot sic ERO: 3 EE Ji Ord 3 x Ei : qu vo Fenei "n 1 i Ko Fetch: tet sth TE. rt) To X M NDCEE, EL. genoa yes VE ui d$ i Ur veh oy s te arid bas ssh iier iu e d ck RIA d prie FERRIES RIIOVOY- UT Sas Mf à O69 / | ii | duh: vss ted ; ha ae din 7 : Sou j EAM, xi isn 3330 : Up Ru sy Rp TN ZIP DIT TID us | x siis uon eYWNMA UM a0F 5 Av CEPR perire SU Shite ss aa Mis aie. eR ae? Ba wed t de 7 ay oR ae | d auo; dbrioisg. ENIM sis jecit D ^as sinl uri E a UT polis elg eu oe eee ay E dan avtov. "uduuTRÁA mu. eX Rd qu CoA ues MU ipm E 2 d : D SAC bia: Wort d : : : wee 1 | dum 3 ; i o ape ‘aii eic to Shor: Mia! m5 Mp ids ; ; I T ake A \ ; eno Miieur prd vat * xen iA Mn Der EIOS Ae ari d daturum psdw b nd ir tan oe esi : b uh dic OP Ziemiis * Van : A iudi ln ‘at 5 ES : là pur vebyoat bin] € bib vin ] m E VNDE E cé NES LATA SUI M d oit ye eRe ae a > ! . j irai 4e —ÁÀ— 2 edu tul ay” EoREC SY ror iy ay vebadt "ES 1j KE j we 1 ae art s irn po raros EON a | 4 4 en reg : x! biis iR dh "i : 3 : E m j 3 ; d. AT H 3 à . . : nm Ks i : ay hoe i OP "P de ep oL He «ow n SINAPIS ALBA. WHITE MUSTARD. SINAPIS Lin. Gen. Pl. 'TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Cal. patens. Cor. ungues reéti. Glandula inter ftamina breviora et piftillum, interque longiora et calycem. Rait Syn. Gen. 21. HERBE TETRAPETAL/E SILIQUOSHE ET SILICULOSJE. SINAPIS alba, filiquis hifpidis: roftro obliquo longiffimo enfiformi. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. p. 503. Sp. Pl. 5. 933. Haller Hift. 466. SINAPIS alba. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 843. SINAPI apii foliis. Baub. Pin. 99. SINAPI album filiqua hirfuta, femine albo vel ruffo. 7. B. II. 856. SINAPI fylveftre minus? Parkins. 830. Rai Sym. p. 295. White Muftard. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ede 2. p. 298. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 361. a ate ai E, RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, albida. y ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, and whitifh. CAULIS fefquipedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, ramofus, Y STALK a foot and a half to two feet high, upright, craffiuiculus, /irzatus, tener, fragilis, hirfutus, ¢ branched, fomewhat clumfy, finely grooved, pilis numerofis, rigidiufculis, deorfum vertis. : tender, brittle, and hirfute, the hairs nume- i rous, ftiffith, and turned downward. FOLIA petiolata, alterna, radicalia et pleraque caulina, $ LEAVES ftanding on foot-ftalks, alternate, thofe next pallide virentia, venofa, utrinque hirfutula, ¥ the root and moft of thofe on the ftalk pin- pinnis trium circiter parium, inferioribus mi- $ nated, of a pale green colour, veiny, flightly nimis, extima fubtriloba, omnibus varie den- Y hirfute on both fides, compofed of three or tatis. i four pair of pinnz, the lowermoft of which Y are very ímall, the terminal one often three- i lobed, and all of them varioufly indented. FLORES lutei, terminales. ¥ FLOWERS yellow, and terminal. PEDUNCULI tetragono-ftriati. ¥ FLOWER-STALKS having four grooves or corners. CALYX: PerranruiumM tetraphyllum, foliolis paten-y CALYX: a PEnrANTHIUM of four leaves, which are tibus, concavis, deciduis, levibus, fublineari- Y Jpreading, concave, deciduous, fmooth, fome- bus, apice obtufis, jig. 1, 2. í what linear, and blunt at top, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA: Perata quatuor, fubrotunda, plana, pa- $ COROLLA: four roundifh PET ALS, flat, fpreading, en- tentia, integra, unguibus erectis, linearibus, Y tire, claws upright, linear, fcarcely the length longitudine vix calycis, fig. 5. Y of the calyx, //g. 3. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA fex, quorum duo breviora, ¥ STAMINA: fix Firaments, two of which are fhorter virefcentes, fubulate. ANTHER & lutew, erectz, y than the reft, of a greenith colour, and taper- fubfagittatae, jig. 4. ing. ANTHER# yellow, upright, fomewhat arrow-fhaped, fig. 4. | GLANDUL ut in plerifque hujus generis, fig. 5. Y GLANDS as in moft of this genus, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Gerrmen obovatum, fubangulofum, adi PISTILLUM : GznMEN inverfely ovate, flightly angu- lentem hifpidum. SrYrvs fubulatus, anceps, Y lar, hifpid when magnified. Sryve tapering, germine duplo fere longior, (taminibus paulo Y two-edged, almoft twice the length of the brevior. STIGMA capitatum, fig. 6. i germen, and a little fhorter than the ftamina, 1 STIGMA forming a little head, fig. 6. PERICARPIUM: SiriQvA hirfuta, fubarticulata, fub- Y SEED-VESSEL: a hairy Pop, fomewhat jointed, con- tetrafperma, roftro longiffimo enfiformi a taining about four feeds, terminated by a very Y : 444 61A minata, fig. 7, 8. long iword-fhaped beak, fig. 7, 8. SEMINA majufcula, fufca, jig. 9. SEEDS rather large and brown, fig. 9. In the corn-fields in Buckinghamfhire, efpecially about High Wycomb, the Suapis alba is as common, and as troublefome a weed among the corn as the arvenfis: with us it 1s found more íparingly. Itis frequently met with on banks, and among the corn in Baterfea-fields, and well known to conftitute a part of young fallading. Ray has been particularly happy in pointing out the ftriking characters of the feveral fpecies of Szmafzs, which Linnaus has adopted. The feed-veflels, either in their form, fize, or manner of growth, will always with certainty diftinguifh them; but as thefe plants may occur when they are not fufficiently advanced to exhibit thofe characters, it is neceflary to call in others to our affiftance: we may then, in addition to LiN NJgvs's fpecific characters, obferve, that the S/zapis alba is moft obvioufly diftinguifhed from the m/gra by having its ftalk finely grooved, and firongly haired, and from the arvenfis, for which it is perhaps much more liable to be miftaken, by having its leaves more divided or jagged as our figure exprefles. It fowers in June, and ripens its feeds in July. ——— i ] [| : JL Sowerly del. et get. > " d EMT, eu eee, S Me cn po no We ih ae de d t ST Sowerby del. et feum. SINAPIS ARVENSIS. CHARLOCK. SINAPIS Zz. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Cal. patens. Cor. ungues re&i. Gandula inter ftamina breviora et piftillum, interque longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. ys. HERBE TETRAPETALZ SILIQUOSE ET SILICULOSE. SINAPIS arvenjfis filiquis multangulis torofo-turgidis lzvibus roftro ancipiti longioribus. Lin. Syf. Vegetab. b. 503. Sp. Plant. 5. 933. Fl. Suec. 610. Haller. Hift. n. 467. SINAPIS arvenfis. Scopoli Fl. Carn, n. 842. RAPISTRUM floreluteo. Baub. Pin. 95. RAPISTRUM arvorum. Ger. emac. 233. Parkinf. 862. Rait Syn. 295. Charlock or Wild Muftard. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 298. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 360. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, rigida, albida. y ROO'T annual, fimple, fibrous, rigid, and whitifh. CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis, et ultra, ramofus, teres, Y STALK from one to a foot and a half high, upright, {olidus, ftriato-fulcatus, hifpidus, purpurafcens, $ branched, round, íolid, ftriated or grooved, ramis diffufis. : ne and purplifh, the branches {preading wide. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, patentia, fcabriufcula, MS. LEAVES alternate, ftanding on foot-ftalks, {preading, nofa, dentato-ferrata, ovato-lanceolata, feepe Y roughifh, veiny, indented or ferrated, ovato- integra, faepius vero bafi finuata, raro pinnata. ¥ lanceolate, often entire, but moft commonly i jagged at the bafe, rarely pinnated. FLORES lutei, terminales, pedunculati. y FLOWERS of a yellow colour, growing in heads, and * HH ftanding on flower-ftalks. PEDUNCULI longitudine calycis; hifpiduli. i d penc. the length of the calyx, flightly Y ifpi j Y CALYX: Pzn1IANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis lineari- ¥ CALYX: a Pertanruium of four leaves, the leaves bus, canaliculatis, patentibus, flavis, obtufis, Y linear, hollowed above, fpreading, yellow, pilofis, jig. 1. blunt and hairy, fig. 1. COROLLA: PerALA quatuor, lutea, obcordata, un-¥ COROLLA: four PETALs of a yellow colour, in- «€ guiculata, patentia, unguibus longitudine ferey verfely heart-fhaped, fpreading, claws almoft calycis, fig. I, t the length of the calyx, fig. 2. NECTARIA: G/andule quatuor faturate virides. i NECTARIES: four Glands of a deep green colour. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA fex, quorum duo breviora, f STAMINA: fix FILAMENTSs, two of which are fhorter lutea, fubulata. AmwTHERnug concolores, in- Y than the reft, yellow and tapering. ANTHERJE cumbentes, primo fagittatze, apicibus demum? of the fame colour, incumbent, firft arrow- revolutis, ffg. 3. 1 fhaped, tips finally rolling back, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : GERMEN cylindraceum, longitudine fere? PISTILLUM: Geren cylindrical, almoft the length ftyli, et paulo craffior, nunc leve, nunc hir-Y of the ftyle, and a little thicker, fometimes futulum. — Srvrvs longitudine | ftaminum. Y {mooth, fometimes a little hairy. Srvrs the STIGMA capitatum, bilabiatum, jig. 4. i length of the ftamina. STIGMA forming a Y little head, divided into two lips, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : SiziavA teres, vix angulofa, patens, Y SEED-VESSEL a round Pop, fcarce perceptibly angu- levis aut hirfuta, polyfperma, roftro brevi fub- y lar, fpreading, fmooth or hirfute, containing tetragono terminata, fiz. 5, 6. : many feeds, terminated by a fhort fomewhat Y four-cornered beak, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA plurima, minuta, nigricantia. i SEEDS numerous, minute, and blackifh. There are three plants peculiar to corn fields, which, in various parts of the kingdom, are more or lefs common, and all of which are apt indifcriminately to be called CHarLock ; thefe are the Svapis arvenfis, Sinapis alba, and Raphanus Rapbaniftrum ; the firft and the Iaft of which are by far the moft general. The name of Charlock ought, however, to be confined to the Simapis arvenfis, the moft noxious weed of the three, and as fuch moft carefully to extirpated from among the corn. The leaves of this plant, on their firft appearing above ground, and for fome time afterwards, refemble thofe of the turnip fo much, that we have known an intelligent farmer deceived by them, and miftaken in his crop. The whole plant, when young, is often eaten by the labouring part of the community; and, like turnip- tops, is no bad fubftitute to other culinary plants in times of fcarcity. June is the month in which the Charlock flowers moft plentifully; but it may frequently be found in bloffom earlier, as well as much later. lt is not confined to corn fields, but is almoft equally common among rubbifh. It varies much in height, colour of its ftalk, number of its branches, and degree of hairinefs. Among corn it grows taller, and is lefs branched. The ftalk, in fome fituations, is wholly green; but is more frequently purple at the joints, and very often wholly fo. ‘The feed-veflels alfo vary much in colour and hairinefs. We have not obferved the flowers fubje& to any variation of colour. For the means of diftinguifhing it from the Raphanus Raphanifirum, which at firft fight it confiderably refembles, vid. Raphanus Raphanifirum already figured. S 4 e 4 E MA x eid bit ivo alqeit: ‘lve "ABA Soo. n iav ena (éa- AAA TG. i beso. Mg ee Ert dique ebigiird deus E saxTz n dh ge guibuntt, p aay Aah | Che: diis qs UM rio ipsun Aud dh ju sari 5 E E ive x4 1 "T da: bas Eme edad m * Jbavoet qw botznik e i VM he isid3t ied I ad tr. Me do mm Ww ate cidit, 4! bat aba “Milas o2 fien dad . 6 cat gods 5 d shed à Gb y Ad Wee M $1 bsc bbs answ dt T s a undi TRÀ DE TIN [Nu uw A ES alled - UC iren bas inuld eal IAL send vis ay $30, digg: is be o Y ES M A add : bs si P ATO vt a s x ay Apt {MASE a ; ze nage Su 1 M dj iy: ‘irs 5 ron bb at io TR ES nice Pea t wes her 1o i i Fe Ae eO Labiwti^ dedi rus3i p baeox ¢ Age Ve uo ee Hioagit. aibi: ers " & vit. leges AF yabow (rant Aag: bat ga Wd ss WS xut Pure d has Jy rini * Pd dos: j54 ; Ts y d f^ AS — 4 Và Aw LA : UC $215 A Ma f KEES y UO. t SR ale ene sni uut 3 tus ;, hau iif baad boc une "ud hyviasaf ig RUE Vies eli: eres iuo qub Adi Pr ctn ht tore Céd4de E is 44 xe E - i te. a "me x yw ie as p sation —€— md DÀ ee ammo nae ev Dus p bidfa IOS indi. Si Sirota) aslodmst CH 14), tabem: &- 53 " oisi Ped x emque, an His uiae acr otzif) echt A 2g | : yq icd qe hat abate ore ada | ioqei dislosiaut — ed oth A $50 d us, se veg PU bud E h it f on ERO vi UNE, "| miti i " iio oth i niri ue | atoitar uc oitedqenot. reas ida A aree euduo atid etlialgpiiecas | P^ QE. oudeno CMT 1 ad ol — vEMSdAq Ys AA EDOURTE 3 AS s dfeend koi ut A TMÁ iA MT 9neo and aT Eggo d cii oie ity me re " miu; ,pieotowdo by i bai ix ani sil eu prt * P £s PS TEM iar 1M pis ae 35 ih > anne £X eA lied 5 at At $i in d in * T» ms M. Aedes P si d *. ndo "fd at ES "rs duin n di pers Sante t dr Be P BIL 2 Jeperdy itd. ot joe SisYMBRIUM In10. Lonpon Rocker: ~ SISYMBRIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. 'TETRADYNAMIA SiLiQUOSA. | _ | Siliqua dehifcens, valvulis re€tiufeulis. ^| Calyk patena: [717^ pátéhir c Raii Syn. Gen. 21. HERBA TETRAPETALZ SiLiquosm ET ÜihiCULOsE. ^. SISYMBRIUM Zo foliis runcinatis dentatis nudis, caule levi; filiquis erectis: Lita. Syff: Vegetab. POT Sp. Pl. 921. Fl. Suec. 2. 596. © 9s ERYSIMUM latifolium majus glabrüm. Bau. Pin. 208. IRIS levis Apulus erucz folio. Col. Ecgbr, t. 264. ERYSIMUM latifolium Neapolitanum. Park. 834: Roi Syn. j. 398. Smoother bioad-leaved Hedge- ; Muttrd. — Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. b. 297. acqui. Fl. Aufir. tab. 322. wa. vA Adam) P 6 22 RieRpAoRees we o£ bt AT Ys oy Pitt ees Tota planta perpetuo glaberrima eft, nec ullum pilum * The. whole plant is always perfe&ly fmooth, witligu aut villum habet, acre finapios fapore gaudens. MA or down, having the, biting tafte of muftard. | RADIX annua, albida, calami anferini craffitie, fimplex, ROOT annual, whitifh, the thickneís of à goóíe-quill, uandoque ramofa. Y fimple, fometimes branched. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, teres, hic illie pur-3 STALK from one to two feet high, round, here and puraícens, nitidus, firmus inferne, non ftriatus; Y there purplifh, fhining, below rigid, not feepius ab ipfa bafi ramofus. ; Ítriated or grooved, often branched quite from Y . the bottom, D FOLIA radicalia, que brevi marcefcunt, et caulina ple- Y LEAVES next the root, which foon wither, and moft of raque, funt pinnatifida, finnata, inzequahter y thofe on the ftalk are pinnatifid, finuated, un- dentata aut ferrata, petiolata, patentia, flac- Y equally toothed ór ferrated, ftanding on foot- cida, lobis ut plurimum acutis, extremo majore ftalks, fpreading and flaccid, the lobes for the et longiore, fumma haftata, et quaedam inte- Y moft part pointed, the end one larger and gerrima ac fimplicia. i longer, the uppermoft leaves haftate, fome of a them entire and fimple. CORYMBI in racemos producuntur longifimos, modo ¥ CORYMBI lengthened out into long racemi, fometimes A . rectos, modo flaccidos. H ftrait, fometimes flaccid. FLORES pufilli, flavi. | Y FLOWERS fmall and yellow. CALYX patens, flavefcens, ffe. 1, — — i CALYX fpreading and yellowifh, fg. 1. PETALA obtufa, et oblonga, ungues habent fübere&os, y PET ALS obtufe, and oblong, baving claws nearly up- fupra hos patentiffima, fig. 2. ; right, above which they fpread widely, fig. 2. STAMINA et STrvLvs etiam flavefcunt, fig. 2, 4. Y map and the STYLE are alío of a yellowifh colour, | | Y E. 34 SILIQUAE graciles, fübteretes, ad femina torulofz, et ¥ PODS dde. nearly round, about two inches long, biunciales, brevibus infiftunt pedunculis et ¥ ftanding on íhort foot-ftalks, and {preading quaquavorfum laxe patent, jig. 5. i loofely every way, feeds protuberant, fiz. 5. SEMINA minuta, pallide flavent, fg. 6. y SEEDS minute, of a pale yellow colour, fig. 6. The Si/ymbrium Irio, though a fcarce plant in many parts of Great Britain, is frequent enough in the neighbour- hood of London: we find it on dry banks, efpecially fuch as are made of road fand, walls, and among rubbith in uncultivated places. Its chief time of flowering is from July to September. Like many other annuals it is inconftant as to its particular place of growth. In favourable feafons and fituations it is capable of multiplying itfelf exceedingly from the great number of feed veffels which it produces. The feeds are very fmall, and protuberating a little through the valves of the feed-veflel give them the appearance of finely jointed pods; a character, which when prefent will readily diftinguifh this plant. Mr. Ray obferved it at Faulkbourn in Effex, and on the walls of Berwick on the Tweed, That great naturalift remarks, that after the fire of London in the years 1767, 1768, it came up abundantly among the rubbifh in the ruins. Morison, who lived at that period, was particularly ftruck with fo fingular an appearance, and in his Pre/udia Botanica has a long dialogue on this very fubje& ; in which, whatever laurels he may gain as a Botanift, few will think him entitled to any asa Philofopher. As the book, containing this curious dialogue, is in few hands, we flatter ourfelves à copy of it will not be unacceptable to many of our readers. ** Botan. Secundo die Septembris, anno Domini, 1666, incepit incendium illud luctuofum ‘et ad triduum, aut * quatriduum duravit. Nec ope humana (divinitus evenit, quum non eft malum in civitate, quod non fecit ** Dominus) extingui poterat : nam ZEolus apperto ventorum carcere (ut ita loquar) regnabat: per triduum aut *: quatriduum illud. Poft octomeítre fpatium, per rudera ducentorum jugerum, folo zequatatorum, mihi peram- ** bulanti verfus excambium vetus nunc. Ante illud tempus; Collegium Grefhamianum dictum tendenti, in ** veftigiis, zedificiorum et tectorum, mihi tanta fefe objecit copia, Eryfimi illius, quod irio levis Apulus alter ** Fabio Columnz dicitur: Et eódem revertens, menfibus duobus poft hoc; adeó denfé pullulavit, ut falce quafi ** Triticum, aut fecale demeti potuerit. Soc. Quid inde fequetur, unde proveniffe tantam copiam iftius Irionis? * putas tu; an a femine feu fatione? Botan. Quid quaío, te movet ad talem proponendam queftionem, cum ** gedificia omnia circa edem. Divi Pauli, et alibi paffim in meditullio celeberrimi Empori Londini, à mille aut ** faltem centenis annis : Fuere conítructaet te&tis confervata? Soc. Ergó tanta copia illius feminis, latebat in cellis ** et cavearum fundis, et foli et pluviz expofita, fru&icavit. Botan. Unum hoc addam : ego non fum Plinius, ut ** ex aliorum relatione mundo imponam ; nec Mattheolus ut appingam ea que nunquam extitere; fed ut vis appertis ** verbis © verbis nec Calamiftratis; meum tibi dicam animum. Soc. Dicas quafo? Botan. Nullum eft femen plante, ** quod producit (confervatum quam diligentiffime) poft decennium; perraro poft quinquennium: multó minüs ** poft centenos aliquot, et mille annos. Soc. Ergo aliquis femina iftius plantz, per rudera {parfit. Botan. Non ** credo imo, certo fcio tantam iftius Irionis, feminis copiam non fuiffe in tota infula Britannid, imo nec in Gallia: ** dubito an in Germania et Italia ipfa; (cujus Neapolis eft regnum, ubi frequentér crefcebat tempore Fab. Columnz, * unquam floruit tanta iftius plante copia, ergo etiamfi feminatores fuiffent (ex tua opinione, poft hzc tibi à me ** audità) non poterat tanta copia iftius individualis fpeciei, feminis; à tot Regnis fuppeditari. Soc. De hoc non * multüm nunc dubito: fed quid concludis, fis rationi confentaneus. Unde provenit tanta copia iftius Irionis, ** forte fponte.. Sub idem tempus, ibidem vidifti et obfervafti multas alias plantas, pappefcentes, imo gramineas ** gliafque diverfarum claffium.. Botan. Vidi et attenté obfervavi. Soc. Unde he alize venére ? Botan. A femine ** volatili pappefcenti quod poteft (ut fupra clare fatis docui) ad multa Milliaria, vento transferri, et in altum attolli ** et ubicunque ceciderit, germinat et fructificat. Soc. De pappefcentibus non dubito quod dicis, infuper Gramina, ** denfé fatis proveniunt: 1n qualibet terra fi negligatur: quare non poteft tuum Eryfimum, feu Irio levis Apulus ** alter in ruderibus Londinenfibus, fponte etiam provenire. Botan. Non eft par ratio inter Gramina et Eryfimum ** hoc: Quia Graminum femina fparguntur paflim; eft omnium vegetantium plantarum, in omnibus regionibus, ** frequentiffima et facilius fefe propagat. Sec. Eft planta tamen perfecta, ex fupra dictis à te: ergoa femine, multi-' * plicatur. Botan. Hoc ego femper credidi, et in hanc horam credo. Unum a te {cifcitari velim, putafne hanc * plantam, Irionem levem Apulum. Col. a quovis hortulano, aut incola hujus civitatis fatam, in ruderibus fuiffe. ** Soc. Neminem hujus infule primó tam curiofum, fecundó nec tantz ejus planta feminis, copia inftru&um ** fuiffe, pro certo ratum et ftatutum habeo. Quis tam ftolidus aut male feriatus homo, fi femina ad manum haberet ** (quod impoffibile fuprà demonttratum eft) ruderibus ducentorum jugerum terrze, folo eequatorum, committeret, ** Ergo cum nec à fatione, nec à femine, ad aliquot centenos annos in ruderibus latente, produci poterat; hujus ** plantze tanta copia. Unde concludere vis, tantam ipfius multitudinem proveniffe. Botan. Certé ut fupra dixi ex. ** fale partim volatili, partim fixo, falpetro, fulphure, et ex terra five calcofa aut ruderofa et aqua, mixtaque ** materia, quocunque modo appelles, per me non ftabit. Nefcio quid mihi perfuafum habere debeo, adhuc. ** Probabile certé eft, hanc plantam tam copiofé provenifle fponté; ut fupra dictum fuit. Sed hac opinio apperit ** januam ad philofophraftos contemplativos, qui indifferenter, credunt cujuflibet generis plantas, arbores, frutices, ** fuffruticefve, ex terra tanquam matrice, fponte fine femine provenire. Sed haec opinio (ut mihi videtur) repugnat ** facree fcriptura, et rationi. | Hzc per dialogum inter nos dixiffe, imprzefentiarum, fat effe puto. Quod reitat de ** hac materia; Sociis virtuofis, Parifienfibus, et Londinenfibas, viris nobiliffimis, clariffimis et do&tiffimis (ex quorum .** numero te efle {cio) difcutiendum relinquo. . Vale, mi do&iffime vir.” | " Seed ' pon y idit; " 3 (x 58, "AI DONO UK d ees aep E nt CER bite 1 L3 "4 Vis, hat v UP AS AST TH Nr p» E " avr. eva 4s ey ER n Vor og P IER fib * e a» d ex 3 M. d ET PL. apo rs Ma i" * A SISYMBRIUM TERRESTRE. ANNUALWATER-RaADISH. SISYMBRIUM nz. Gen. Pl. 'l'ETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Siliqua dehifcens, valvulis re&iufculis. | Ca], patens. Corolla patens. Rai Syn. Gen. HERBE TETRAPETALJE SILIQUOSJE ET SILICULOSJE. SISYMBRIUM ¢errefire radice annua, foliis pinnatifidis dentato-ferratis, filiquis foecundis. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. y ROOT annual, fibrous and whitifh. CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis, et ultra, plerumque Y STALK a foot, a foot and a half, or more, in height, erectus, ramofus, fulcatus, lavis, viridis, feu 3 generally upright, branched, grooved, fmooth, purpurafcens. of a green or purplifh colour. Y FOLIA omnia pinnatifida, Eryfimi officinalis quodam- Y LEAVES, all of them pinnatifid, fomewhat like thofe modo fimilia, levia, pinnis trium, quatuor, $ of Hedge-muftard, fmooth, the pinnz confift five fex parium, cum impari, omnibus ine: Y of three, four, or fix pair, with an odd one, qualiter dentato ferratis, extima. prefertim in y all of them unequally indented, the outermoft inferioribus foliis rotundata; caulina femiam- Y efpecially in the bottom leaves roundifh, thofe plexicaulia. | : of the ftalk partly amplexicaule. FLORES minimi, lutei, femper foecundi. ee very fmall, yellow, and always, producing Y eed. CALYX: PzarANTHIUM tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, CALY X : a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, which are obtufis, concavis, fubereétis, flavefcentibus. Y ovate, obtufe, hollow, nearly upright, and yel- 4 fig. 1. auct. lowifh. fig. 1. magn. COROLLA; PETALA quatuor, lutea, faepius emargi- Y COROLLA: four PgTArs, of a yellow colour, gene- nata, vix longitudine calycis. jig. 2. t rally nicked at the end, fcarcely the length ; of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA fex, fubzqualia, longitudine $ STAMINA : fix FILAMENTS, nearly equal, the length piftilli, flavefcentia. ANTHER# lutez, in- Y of the piftillum, of a yellowifh colour. Awn- cumbentes. fig. 3. Y THER yellow and incumbent. fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum. SrYLvus brevifü- $PISTILLUM : GERMEN oblong. Sryte very fhort. mus. STIGMA capitatum, villofum. jig. 4. d STIGMA forming a little head and villous. Jig. 4. PERICARPIUM: SirrovA teres, longitudine pedun- ¥ SEED-VESSEL a round Pop, the length of the flower- culi, furfum fubarcuata, feminibus plurimis ftalk, fomewhat curved upward, turgid with haud zequaliter protuberantibus turgida. [8 numerous feeds which protuberate unequally. DOT T Wika Fs 10s SEMINA minima, fufca, fig. 7. ¥ SEEDS very {mall and brown. fig. 7. We have taken the name of zerreffre, which LixN vs applies to the third variety of his Si/ymbrium amphibium, not fo much from the certainty of its being the plant he intends, as from the propriety of its application to this fpecies, it being generally found in dryer fituations than the true amphibium. )j Repeated obfervation and culture have thoroughly fatisfied us that the prefent plant is a fpecies perfe&ly diftin& from the amphibium; and we ground our authority for confidering it as fuch on the following circumftances. ift, It isan annual, whereas the amphidium is not only a perennial, but hasa creeping root. 2dly, It is a much fmaller plant than the ampbibium, feldom acquiring half its height. 3dly, It is feldom or never found in the water, unlefs accidentally overflown. 4thly, Its foliage is very different, the radical leaves much refembling thofe of the Eryfimum ajicinale. And, laftly, its feed-veflels are always turgid, and full of feeds, while thofe of the amphibzum are ufually abortive. As we can find no fatisfa&ory account of this plant either in Ray, Hupson, Linnaus, Hater, or the numerous authors we have confulted, we have omitted all fynonyms, and contented ourfelves with giving it a new {pecific character, chiefly intended to contraft it with the amphibium. In the courfe of our botanical refearches we have had frequent occafion to remark, that our moft common plants are the leaft known; we feek with avidity fuch as are rare and with difficulty acquired, and neglect thofe that we daily tread under foot. ‘The prefent plant affords an inftance of this inattention, as it is a very common one in the environs of London, and found in the fame fituations as the Rumex maritimus, on the edges of wet ditches, and on ground apt to be occafionally overflown. We have obferved it in Totbill- Fields, on the edge of a ditch by the road- fide leading from the Magdalen Hofpital to Lambeth Marfb, and in our garden it comes up fpontaneoufly as a common weed. When this plant grows by itfelf, in a fituation tolerably dry, it grows quite erect, and quickly produces a confiderable quantity of feeds. Should it happen to be overlown, which is frequently the cafe, it is then more procumbent, and will fometimes take root at the joints, in which {tate it appears to be the S//ymbrium paluftre repens parva flare of VAILLANT, at leaft it accords in part. — This fpecies of Sifymbrium flowers in Fune, Fuly, Auguft, and September. ]t has a fimilar tafte to moft of the plants of the crefs kind, but 1s not very pungent. ——— — | fi | | *. ut A Dens $. * v zi cts — XE dw NUUS ^ I pour ito 2. t n. Seat bite 12.6 ibn "ard AC sedginqu ad igid ET hod! Meter a divo x duit fp s igh bits a giidail: “alls a 101. s x rod pide no as n : Sen log. 5 v" Tchat Ar n MNA (uit rye LK y? sc dee. SUN or bine one ono "Hinauid. de yos t Y 4/30 he: PAPE jo bshonimo» be sg£di -: in E y^ RE dogbaw holes > dollyr dn E SN eso e Ji n Ral * EIU E LN bien doo BR 2 3 gate Sint Pra 3m "o ows if lowe’ yeh "gr A y Sn. ond 2 ah pq -- 4 sein. a doi nr SSR neus: tes DUM taal Me byt : Ate Ao Sera rn ays eee ERYSIMUM OFFICINALE. HEpGE MUSTARD. ERYSIMUM Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. Siliqua columnaris, exacte tetraédra, — Cz. claufus. Rai Syn. Gen, 21. HERBJE TETRAPETALJE SILIQUOSE ET SILICULOSJE. ERYSIMUM. officinale filiquis.fpicze adpreflis. Lin. Syff. Vegetab. p. 499. Sp. Pl. p. 922. FI. Suec. n, 598. ERYSIMUM folus pinhatis, pinnis rectangulis, acutis, extrema triangulari maxima, filiquis adpreffis: Haller. Hift. 878. SISYMBRIUM officinale. Scopoli Fk Carn. n. 824. ERYSIMUM vulgare. Bauh. Pin. 100. ERYSIMUM Diofcoridis Lobelio. Ger. em 254 ERYSIMUM vulgare. | Parkinf. 833. ERUCA hirfuta filiqua caule apprefla Eryfimum di&a. Rai Syn. 299. Common Hedge-muftard. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 286. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 354. RADIX annua, defcendens, flexuofa, fibrillofa. Y ROOT annual, defcending, crooked, and fibrous. ^CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, teres, ftriatus, Y SI'ALK from one to two feet high, upright, round, | pubefcens, ícaber, ramofus, fepius purpu-$ finely grooved, befet with numerous fhort cdd i rough hairs, branched, and for the moft part Y » purplifh. | FOLIA alterna, petiolata, utrinque parcius pubefcentia, Y LEAVES alternate, ftanding on foot-ftalks, flightly fubtus fcabra, pracipue in cofta et nervis, pin- 1 downy on each fide, particularly on the mid- natifida; lacinüs oppofitis, oblongis, ferrato- Y rib and nerves, pinnatifid, the fegments oppo- dentatis, terminali majore, cum laciniis proxi- Y fite, oblong, ferrated or toothed, the end one mis confiuente. Y — largeft, and connected with the next to it. RACEMI florum terminales, fubrotundi; fructuum fili- Y RACEMI of the flowers terminal, roundifh; of the formes, elongati, nudi, pubefcentes. 1 fruit filiform, lengthened out, naked, and downy. CALYX: Perranruium tetraphyllum, pallidum, fo- ¥ CALYX: a Perranruium of four leaves, of a pale liolis lineari ovalibus, obtufiufculis, concavis, ¥ colour, linear-oval, bluntifh, concave, and pubefcentibus, jig. 1. i | downy, jig. I. | COROLLA cruciformis, tetrapetala, fordide lutefcens, Y COROLLA crofs-fhaped, compofed of four petals, of petalis cuneiformibus, obtufis, venulofis, un- y a dull yellow colour, wedge-fhaped, obtufe, euiculatis, calyce longioribus, fig. 4. Y veiny, clawed, longer than the calyx, fig. 4. STAMINA: FirAMENTA fex, fubulata, pallida, co- Y STAMINA: fix Finaments, tapering, of a pale co- rollà paulo breviora; quorum duo adhuc bre- lour, a little fhorter than the corolla; two of viora. ANTHERZ cordate, acute, fubre- which are fhorter than the reft. ANTHERA curve, fig. 2. heart-fhaped, pointed, bent fomewhat upward, lie De NECTARIA: Glandule dus utrinque ad ftamina bre-j NECTARIES: two Glands one on each fide, placed at the bafe of the fhorter ftamina. PISTILLUM: Germewn cylindrical, ftriated. Sryte - fhort, downy. Stigmata round, flattifh, emarginate, almoft the height of the ftamina, V1Ot4. PISTILLUM : GER wEN cylindricum, ftriatum. SrY Lus : brevis, pubefcens. SriGMA orbiculatum, pla- niufculum, emarginatum, altitudine fere fta- minum, fig. 3. Hera | SILIQUZ cylindrice, firiate, virides aut purpurez, Y PODS cylindrical, finely grooved, green or purple, pubefcentes, cauli adpreffze, jig. 5, 6. y downy and preffed to the ftalk, fig. 5, 6. SEMINA fordide lutefcentia, utrinque oblique truncata, Y SEEDS of a dingy vellow colour, obliquely truncated at SE m. Y each end, 7g. 7. A€€ 666€ € 4664€4€496 The Eryfimum officinafe affords a remarkable inftance of that diverfity of appearance which the fame plant may aflume at different periods of its growth. View it juft as it comes into bloffom, and afterwards, when its flowering brànches fhoot out horizontally to a great length, and you will fcarcely believe that it isone and the fame plant. It grows very commonly on dry banks, under walls, pales, and in wafte places; and flowers from June to Septeraber. "Tu The leaves of Hedge Muftard are faid to be attenuant, expectorant, and diuretic, and ftand particularly recommended againft chronical coughs and hoarfenefs, whether humoural or occafioned by immoderate exertion of the voice. Lomzr greatly commends for this purpofe a compound fyrup, which, as GEorrRoY obferves, is not fuperior to a fimple mixture of the expreffed juice of the herb with honey; and indeed it 1s not very clear, whether the virtue of the honey is much improved by the Eryfimum. | The herb has no fmel; and its tafte, at leaft when moderately dried, is little other than herbaceous, with fomewhat of a flight faline impregnation. : T. i^ The feeds of Eryfimum are confiderably pungent, and appear to be nearly of the fame quality with thofe of muftard, but weaker. Their acrimony, like that of muftard-feed is extracted totally by water, and partially by rectified fpirit, and ftrongly impregnates water in diftillation. 24g Ed. of Lewiss Mat. Med. p. 290. ^ aot "nos ^ SJ Sower, oe LATHYRUS ÁPHACA. YELLOW VETCHLING. LATHYRUS Jin. Gen. Pl. DiApELPHIA DECANDRIA. Stylus planus, fupra villofus, fuperne latior. Cal. laciniz fuperiores 2 breviores. Rai Syn. Gen. 293. HERBA FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOS A. LATHYRUS .fhaca pedunculis unifloris, cirrhis aphyllis, ftipulis fagittato-cordatis. Lin, Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 662. Sp. Pl. 1029. LATHYRUS aphyllos ftipulis fagittatis latiflimis. Haller hift. n. 442. LATHYRUS Apfhaca. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 887. VICIA lutea foliis convolvuli minoris. Bauh. Pin. 345. APHACA Parkinf. 1067. Ger. emac. 1250. Raii Syn. ed. 3. 9. 320. Hud/on Fl, Angl. ed. 2. 5.315; RADIX annua, fibrofa. * ROOT annual, and fibrous. _ CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis, et ultra, debilis, ope 3 STALK a foot, a foot and a half or more in height, cirrhorum fcandens, tetragonus, levis. weak, climbing by means of its tendrils, four-cornered, and fmooth. LEAVES none. STIPUL growing in pairs, large, betwixt arrow and heart-fhaped, obtufe, on each fide near the bafe furnifhed with a tooth, glaucous, and ribbed on the underfide. TENDRIL fimple and fpreading. FLOWERS yellow, fmall, folitary, growing on footftalks from the ale of the leaves. FLOWER-STALKS longer than the leaves, four- cornered, one-flowered, furnifhed near the flower with a minute braCtza or floral leaf. CALYX: aPrzRiANTHIUM Of one leaf, deeply di- vided into five fegments, which are lanceo- late, nearly equal, ribbed, and almoft the length of the corolla, £z. 1. COROLLA papilionaceous, STANDARD yellow, re- flexed, ftriped on the infide with blue lines, jig. 2. Wines yellow, nearly round, the length of the keel, claws two, unegual, paler, fig.3. Kuet of a pale fulphur colour, | cloven behind, fig. 4. STAMINA: ten FiLAMzENTS, one fingle, nine con- nected, rifing upwards, whitifh ; ANTHERA roundifh and yellow, jig. 5.. PISTILLUM Germen oblong, flat, green, and Ímooth, Sry Le rifing upwards, upright, paler, dilated above, obtufe ; Sr1g¢ma which ' rifes from the middle of the ftyle villous on its fore part, fiz. 6. SEED-VESSEL: a Pop about an inch in length, broadifh, and flattened. SEEDS feven or eight, roundifh, and fhining. FOLIA nulla. STIPULA bine, magne, fagittato-cordate, obtufe, utrinque prope bafin denticulo notatz, glauce, fubtus nervofe. CIRRHUS fimplex, patens. FLORES lutei, parvi, folitarii, pedunculati, axil- lares. PEDUNCULI folis longiores, tetragoni, uniflori, braétea minima prope florem inftru&i. CALYX: PzRiANTHIUM monophyllum, quinque partitum, lacinus lanceolatis, fubaequalibus, nervofis, longitudine fere corolle, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, VexitLum luteum, re- flexum, intus lineis ceruleis ftriatum, fig. 2. AL lutez, fubrotunde, longitudine caring, hamis duobus inzqualibus, pallidioribus, : fig. 3. Carina pallide fulphurea, poftice filla, fig. 4. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA decem, fimplex, et novem : fidum, affurgentia, albida, ANTHER fub- * rotunde, lutea, jig. 5. PISTILLUM Germen oblongum, compreffum, vi- ride, glabrum; SrvLus furfum ereétus, pallidior, fuperne latior, obtufus; Sticma a medietate ftyli antice villofus, jig. 6. .PERICARPIUM: LzcuwzNw unciale, latiufculum, compreffum. SEMINA. feptem octave, fubrotunda, nitida. ; IUS fries SACS AL: ant vie ne ee ere ne nt re ene re qe rente m epe vig re e que as Pu aae Pe pe e AMG ANG ee e e pe a e e ee e ERR i We have here a very unufual phenomenon in the vegetable ceconomy, a plant whofe ftipule fupply the place of leaves, at leaft when the plant becomes of a certain age; for, by a kind of accidental examination, we lately difcovered that this fpecies of Lathyrus, foon after it comes up from feed, 1s ufually furnifhed with one or more pair of leaves, fimilar to the other plants of this family, but which, as the plant advances, totally difappear; thefe are reprefented at fig. 7. A fomewhat fimilar appearance we noticed laft fummer at Mr. Marcorw's, Kennington, in a rare fpecies of Mimo/a, called vertictllata, all the leaves of the young plants were pinnated, and all thofe of the old plants whorled. Linnus, in his Speczes Plant. takes fome notice of the Aphaca's producing leaves; his words are, Cirrhus interdum aliquis gerit foliola conjugata, 2, lanceolata, reliquis Lathyris fimillima at hoc rarifime. According to our obfervation, the leaves grew on footftalks in the ufual way, without any, or a very (hort tendril, and they were obfervable on every feedling; hence we fufpeét them to be common to this plant when young; and rare, merely from being overlooked. This fpecies is án annual which grows fpontaneoufly in our corn fields, but is not common in the neigh- - bourhood of London; we have obferved it moft frequently about Tottenham and Enfield, It flowers in June and July. No particular ufes or noxious qualities are afcribed to it. t é j gi min if we bx ioni re Í uvie OE L id eat ied * ^ r i " ; 1 i " ut jt i A D é x Me n ‘ NAE MSS eric Mey enlm d enel 1 i F *e Ay em pt net Tar 1 " t . A s CEN " Á kis : A n E = . , one 1 D : : E Ear x ^ 2 ; E e dona dE BT oat : " ; x j ' . d E X e " att = LAE Kd £d . es VM sitas: AE Xs a. 248 J n «| t 4 2 ] : Pye ee Cee "m 4 aci Aor. s M 3 x 3 d aid * ; s 13 : 2 ‘ j . x : N 1 s AX , " i Wd 4 PL 2 E : - - i 5 ers An ^ X s J / erts [ . ^ AS E 7 : ; DN IPRC CN. 4 ay ; A X ate d PLI TI M 3 a 130% : "fi enin muxsh E : : mm a : - iussi. wn SME 3. 4 FE! ha . * E ; cv 1 ; À y ARI x - ^ * " Ww j : } - i iow Y: , 1 y^ $e a m" HLTL 1 3 I SK: - ado Ma Ae. r d D * "s T2 EI + xad x 1 UM ij alus H T. Fs $3 the | pts vis [- sod ov iF T d n aW Me eer 17 T - CUNT DIRPE e. 1 SPARTIUM SCOPARIUM. CoMMoN BROOM. SPARTIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Te eee a DECANDRIA. Stigma longitudinale, fupra villofum. Filamenta germini adherentia, Cal. deorfum productus. Raw Syn. ARBORES:ET FRUTICES. | SPARTIUM. Scofarium foliis ternatis folitariifque ramis inermibus angulatis, Lii. Syfi. Vegetab. | p- 644. Sp. Pl. p. 996. Fl. Suec. n. 63g. SPARTIUM. foliis inferioribus ternatis hirfutis, fuperioribus fimplicibus. Haller hifl. n. 354. GENISTA. angulofaetícoparia. Bauh. pin. 395: GENISTA cum rapo. Dodon. Pempt.p.761. Ger. emac. 1311. GENISTA vulgaris five fcoparia. Park. Theat. p. 228. GENISTA angulofa trifolia. 7B. 1. 388. Rai Syn. j.474. Common Broom, Hudson Fi, Angl. ed. 2. p. 310. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 382. Frutex tripedalis ad orgyalem et ultra, ramofiffimus, € A Shrub from three to fix feet high or more, very ramis erectis, virgatis, viridibus, angulatis, 2 much branched, the branches upright; flexilibus, junioribus pubefcentibus 9 twigzy, green, angular, flexible, the young ones downy. FOLIA fepius ternata; fummis fubinde. folitariis, § LEAVES molt commonly growing by threes, upper- d foliolis ovatis, acutis, pubefcentibus, ciliatis, ; . moft ones fometimes fingly, leaflets ovate, ciliis mollibus inflexis. $ ' acute, downy, edged with foft hairs bend- . 8 ing inwards. PETIOLI pubefcentes, complanati. à LEAF-STALKS downy, flattened. FLORES lutei, maximi, laxe racemofi. $ FLOWERS yellow, very large, growing in loofe racemi. BRACTE quatuor, obovate, inzquales, cruciate, ° BRACTE/ four, inverfely ovate, unequal, crofs- obtufe, ad bafin pedunculorum. » fhaped, obtufe at the bafe of the flower-ftalks. PEDUNCULI folitarii, fzepius bini, raro terni, teretes, 9 FLOWER-STALKS fingle, oftener two, rarely three, glabri, ftipulá minimá utrinque inftruati. — round, fmooth, furnifhed on each fide with > a very minute ftipula. CALYX: PrrianTHium monophyllum, parvum, 8 CALYX: a Pertantuium of one leaf, fmall, two: bilabiatum, faepe purpureum, obfolete den- 9 lipped, often purple, faintly toothed, ex- ticulatum, labiorum apicibus marcidis fufcis, M * tremities of the lips withered and brown, ' fig. 1. ls fife. COROLLA papilionacea, pentapetala, Vexillum ob- 9 dos. papilionaceous, pentapetalous, Standard cordatum, reflexum, maximum, fig. 2. Ale inverfely heart-fhaped, reflexed, very large, longitudine carinz, fubovales, breviter pe- fig: 2. Wings the length of the keel, fome- tiolate, fig. 3. Carina ampla et profunda, what oval, on fhort footftalks, fr. 9. Keel obtufe roftrata, fig. 4. dipetala, aut in duas large and deep, beak blunt, fg. 4. compofed partes facile feparabilis, margine carinali of two petals, or at leaft eafily feparated into villis connexo. two parts, the edges being connected toge- ther at the keel with foft hairs. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA decém, inferne in unum ó STAMINA: ten FiLAMENTS, below united into one corpus coalita (hinc decandria non diadel- body (hence of the clafs decandria rather phia) affurgentes, inferioribus longioribus ; than diadelphia) rifing upwards, the lower- ANTHER JE oblongze, croce, fig. 5. moft ones longeíft; JAwrHERn/E oblong, . faffron-coloured, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, hirfutum; Srv- ? PISTILLUM: GznMwzN oblong, hirfute; Srviz LUS fubulatus, affurgens, demum fpiraliter tapering, rifing upward, finally bent fpirally, involutus ad apicem inferne canaliculatus, fo as to form fomewhat more than a circle, STIGMA terminale, minimum, capitatum, $ near the tip hollowed below; SricMa ter- XQ o OQ XQ SISOS OVE GO SD GP- C Sooo? fig. 6. au&. fig. 7. > minal, very fmall, and forming a little head, : fig. 6. magnified, fir. 7. PERICARPIUM: Lecumen latum, compreflum, ni- à SEED-VESSEL a broad, flat, blackifh Pop, edged gricans, marginibus pilis mollibus ciliatis, 7.98. à with foft hairs, fig. 8. | SEMINA plurima ad 20, minuta, fubovata, lutefcen- à SEEDS numerous to 20, fmall, fomewhat ovate, tia, nitida, fig. 9. 9 dingy yellow, gloffy, fiz. 9. j "The common Englifh Broom is one of the moft ornamental fhrubs we have, efpecially that variety of it, in which the calyx is purple, and the bloffoms ftrongly tinged with orange; but even in its common flate, fuch is the profufion of bloffoms with which its branches are loaded in the fummer, fuch the charming verdure of its twigs in the winter feafon, that it may be faid to vie with any of the foreign ones, and to be equally deferving a place in all ornamental grounds. . It grows naturally in dry, fandy, barren foils, bears tranfplanting badly, but is moft readily raifed from feed. It 1s not only in an ornamental point of view, that this plant deferves our notice, it claims our attention alfo as an ufeful plant in rural ceconomy and medicine. Though not fo commonly ufed for befoms as the common Heath and Birch, it is preferred for many purpofes; in the Northern parts of Great-Britain it is made ufe of for thatching cottages, corn and hay-ricks, alfo as a fubftitute for reeds in making fences or fcreens ; and we have been credibly informed, that in fome parts of Scotland, where coals are fcarce, whole fields are fown with its feeds to form fuel. Authors mention the flower-buds, jufl before they become yellow, as proper for pickling, in the manner of capers * ; the branches, as capable of tanning leather t, and of being manufa&ured into coarfe cloth x the old wood, as furnifhing the cabinet-maker with the moft beautiful materials for vaneering; and the tender branches, to be frequently mixed with hops for brewing $. * Dopon, &c. — T Hauer. f Ibid. § Lienrroor, Fl. Scot, The i The twigs, when bruifed, fmell difagreeably ; this may, perhaps, be one reafon for their being generally rejected by cattle: the plant, however, affords nourifhment to a great variety of infects; in particular, to the larva of feveral Phalene not. deferibed by Linn aus. From the. roots of this plant fprings the Broom Rape, figured in a former number of this work. * The leaves and flalks of broom have a naufeous bitter tafte, which they give out by infufion, both to water and reétified {pirit; and which, on gently infpiffaung the filtred liquors, remains concentrated in the extra&is : the watery tincture is of a yellowifh green or brownifh, the Ípirituous of a dark green colour. They are accounted laxative, aperient, and diuretic; and in this intention have been often ufed by the common people jn dropfies and other ferous diforders. Dr. MEAp relates a cafe of an hydropic. perfon, who, after the paracentefis had been thrice performed, and fundry purgatives and diuretics had been tried without relief, was perfectly cured, by taking, every morning and evening, half a pint of a decoétion of green broom tops, with a fpoonful of whole muftard feed: by this medicine, the thirft was abated, the belly loofened, and the urinary difcharge increafed to the quantity of at leaft five or fix pints a day. ** Infufions of the afhes of the plant in acidulous wines, have likewife been employed in the fame intention, and often with good fuccefs. The virtue of this medicine does not depend, as fome have fuppofed, on any of the peculiar qualities of the broom remaining in the afhes, but on the alkaline falt and earth, which * are the fame in the afhes of broom as in thofe of other vegetables, combined, wholly or in part, with the vinous acid. A folution even of the pure earthy part of vegetable afhes, made in vegetable acids, proves notably purgative and diuretic. . ‘ar * Of the feeds and flowers, the medicinal qualities ate not well known. It is faid, that the feeds, in dofes of a dram and a half in fubftance, and five or fix drams in decoétion or infufion, prove purgative or emetic. Some report that the flowers alfo operate in the fame manner; but Loszr affures us, from his own obfervation, that they have been taken in quantity without producing any fuch effe& : and I have known infufions of the flowery tops drank freely in fome afthmatic cafes, without any other fenfible operation than a falutary increafe of urine and expeétoration. ‘The feeds, flightly roafted, are ufed in fome places as coffee.” Lewis's Mater. Med. p. 318. : A variety of this plant, much more hoary than common, is accidentally met with; the moft ufual time of its flowering with us, is about the latter end of May or beginning of June. Tuomson, whofe obferving eye rarely fuffered.any of the beauties of nature to efcape him, has noticed the flowering of this fhrub in the following paffage, in which he defcribes the effe& which the genial warmth of the feafon produces on the various animals: z * While thus the gentle tenants of the fhade ** Indulge their purer loves, the rougher world * Of brutes below rufh furious into flame «© And fierce defire. Thro’ all his Infty veins * The bull deep-fcorch'd, the raging paffion feels ; * Of pafture fick, and negligent of food, ff Scarce feen, he wades among the yellow broom, €v J ptr d el ae de gto ah MEO - linh Mee ity qub ^ eyed D um e x , » * 7 heals Ba : jan TE Hd : Uit d CONS ‘ : à - ^ j M hae 3» Eq E 5 . ; AE P A 1 vd Ty j ' 4 D f D ty ^ A E ) de irs Ies Para : n " i 3 M T rs ^ LA i { 6 A x ‘ ae b X t qu^ - acri b w 4 » bone: : wel 1 x zy. - 4 Ji PS wy : wu Mete d \ : T eu " ie Bestia en lS . : f a ; P NY iA ) : j + fi “i E ; * E s Z^ ! 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Gest E p ; singt si nri ^ S eil 4 xd i V4 ; Y * - / , P * ÍRIFOLIUM PROCUMBENS. PROCUMBENT TREFOIL. TRIPOLIUM) fc Gon Pin DIMDEY Sara DEGREE Flores fabcapitati. — Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehifcens, deciduum, Rai Syn, Gen. 24. HERB FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSA. TRIFOLIUM procumbens fpicis ovalibus imbricatis: vexillis defexis perfiftentibus, caulibus procumben- tibus. Linnei Syff. Veg. D. 554. Sp. Pl 1088.° Fi. Suec. n. 55. TRIFOLIUM fpicis ftrepentibus paucifloris, caulibus ereQtis. — Ha/fer bift. 364. TRIFOLIUM luteum flore lupulino minus. J. B. II. 391. TRIFOLIUM lupulinum alterum minus. Ravi Syn. f. 330. a. 17. The leffer Hop-Trefoil. Hucfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 328. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p. 409. III e P c cd MP ee TONER UD LEN RADIX annua, fibrofa. ROOT annual and fibrous. ) CAULES plures, {pithamei, pedales et ultra, teretes, Y STALKS feveral, a fpan, or éven a foot or more in duriufculi, pilis adpreffis pubefcentes, przfer- Y length, round, hardifh, downy, with hairs tim ad extremitates, purpurei, procumbentes, Y prefled clofe to the ftalk, particularly at the ramoli. Y extremities, purple, procumbent, and branched, FOLIA terna, petiolata, remota, inferiora obcordata, iLEAVES growing three together, remotely, ftanding on fuperiora obovata, plerumque emarginata, ad Y foot-ftalks, the lowermoft obcordate, the upper- apicem argute ferrata, plerumque levia, venis i moít obovate, for the moft part emarginate, rectis, fimplicibus, utrinque impreffis, Y towards the top finely ferrated, commonly i {mooth, the veins ftraight, unbranched, im- | E: preffed on each fide of the leaf. PETIOLI breves, longitudine ftipularum. Y LEAF-STALKS fhort, the length of the ftipulz. SIIPULZE binz, ovate, acute, quinquenerves, ad $STIPUL E growing in pairs, ovate, pointed, five-ribbed, margines pilofz, bafi amplexicaules. Y edged with hairs, and at the bafe embracing , the ftalk. PEDUNCULI unciales circiter, pubefcentes. YFLOWER-STALKS about an inch in length and downy. SPICZE fubrotundz, multiflore (raro infra octo, aut y SPIKES roundifh, many flowered, flowers feldom fewer ultra viginti) laxius imbricate. 3 than eight or more than twenty, loofely im- | bricated. FLORES parvi, lutei, pedicellis breviffimis, infidentes. ¥ FLOWERS {mall and yellow, fitting on very fhort Y foot-ftalks. CALYX: PERIANTHIUM quinquedentatum, perfiftens, $ CALY X: a PERIANTHIUM with five teeth, permanent, fubpilofum, dentibus tribus inferioribus lon- Y and fomewhat hairy, the three lowermoft gioribus, fubulatis, jig. 1. i longer than the reft, and awl-fhaped, ffs. 1. COROLLA papilionacea, perfiftens, marcefcens, de- yCOROLLA papilionaceous, permanent, and withering, mum rufa, venis faturatioribus ftriata, jig. 2.. j finally becoming of a reddifh brown colour, Y and ftriped with veins of a deeper colour, jig. 2. PERICARPIUM : LgzGUMEN ovatum, compreffum, mo- ¥SEED-VESSEL an ovate, flat Pon, turning backward, nofpermum, deorfum reflexum, corolla per- 3 inclofed in the corolla, which continues, and fiftente inclufum, fg. 3. — - t containing one feed, fig. 3. The Trifolium procumbens is often found larger, but more frequently much {maller, than the fpecimen we have here figured. When it grows luxuriantly it bears a near refemblance to the agrarium already publifhed : but in that Ípecies the {pikes are not only much larger, but alfo much more clofely imbricated, compared with the procumbens the agrarium may be confidered with us at leaft as a fcarce plant; while that is found only in certain fpots, the procumbens is met with every where, there being fcarcely a dry, hilly pafture, or grafs plat, on which it may not be found. In its dwarf ftate it comes very near to the ////forme figured in Ray's Synopfis, tab. 14. fig. 4. Indeed it is very difficult to afhgn their refpective limits; but both Mr. Hupson and Mr. Licurroor agree in making the ff//forme a. diftin& Ípecies; and the latter affures us, that culture proves them to be fpecifically different. All the Trefoils are confidered as affording excellent pafturage and fodder for cattle. The prefent fpecies is, perhaps, not inferior to any of them in thefe refpe&s; but the quantity it affords is fo trifling, that it can fcarcely be thought worth cultivating, efpecially as it is only an annual. It flowers during the greateft part of the fummer. Harrza defcribes it as growing upright, which it never does with us, unlefs drawn up by furrounding herbage. . / | * ; \, JS Sowerly adel et frwlp * peur E í é sige Th 2 Leste. " es ER: ED M Er CO Mea. LPs oe we ee * un -—. ; i e. i ore S40 Juomerdy del. et yeudp. Victa Cracca lurrED VEtcH VICIA Lin. Gen. Pl, DiApELPHIA DECANDRIA. Stigma latere inferiore tranfverfe barbatum. Rau Syn. Gen. 23. HERBE FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSAE, VICIA Cracca pedunculis multifloris, floribus imbricatis, foliolis lanceolatis pubefcentibus, ftipulis integris. Lin. Syi. V'egetab. p. 553. Sp. Pl. p. 1035. FI. Suec. n. 652. VICIA foliis lanceolatis fericeis, tacemis multifloris reflexis, ftipulis integerrimis. Haller, Hf. n. 424. VICIA Cracca. Scopoli. Fl. Carn. n. 899. | IDA ossium Bask Pony VICIA multiflora feu fpicata. Park. 1072. CRACCA. Riv. qur. 49. Ra Syn. p, 322. ‘Tufted Vetches. Hudfom. Fl. Angl. b. 317. Lightfoot Fil, Scot. p. 394. RADIX petennis, repens. 1 ROOT perennial and creeping. CAULIS bipedalis, tripedalis et ultra, pro ratione loci, $ STALK two, three feet or more in height, according to Ícandens, angulofo-fulcatus, pubefcens, fra- Y its place of growth, climbing, angular, grooved, gilis, frangendo crepitans, ramofus. i downy, brittle, {napping when broken, . | Y branched. _ STIPULZ bine, femifagittatze, integra aut dentata, Y STIPUL growing in pairs, each refembling half an ¥ arrow, entire, or toothed. FOLIA pinnata, pinnarum 8 feu 12 parium, raro ultra, Y LEAVES pinnated, compoted of 8 or 12 pair, feldom oblongo-lanceolata, mucronata, utrinque feri- j more, oblong, lanceolate, terminated by a cea pube albida, pinnis oppofitis alternifve, Y point, covered on each fide with a kind of cirrho tripartito terminata. i white filky down, the pinnz oppofite or alter- ; ¥ nate, terminated by a tripartite cirrhus. FLORES racemofi. i FLOWERS growing in bunches or racemi. RACEMI alterni, multiflori, primo fuberecti, apice in- $ RACEMI alternate, many-flowered, at firft nearly up- curvi, poftea reflexi, flofculis 10 ad 4o, vio- Y right, with the tip bent in, aftewards reflexed, laceis, confertis, breviflime pedicellatis. Y flowers from 10 to 40, of a violet colour, : crouded together, and ftanding on very fhort Yo c foot-ftalks. CALYX: PerRranTHIuM monophyllum, tubulatum, $ CALYX: a PERrANTHIUM of one leaf, tubular, co- coloratum, quinquedentatum, dentibus tribus Y loured, having five teeth, the three lowermoft inferioribus longioribus, pilofis, medio pro-$ longer than the upper ones, the middle one ductiore, duobus fuperioribus minimis, fig. 2. fartheft extended, the two upper ones very i minute, fig. 2. COROLLA: VexiLiuM emarginatum, reflexum, vio. Y COROLLA: SrANDanD emarginate, reflexed, of a laceum, venis faturatioribus obfolete ftriatum. $ violet colour, faintly ftriped with veins of a AL conniventes. Carina albida, ad apicem ¥ deeper colour. WiNGs clofing. Keer whitifh, macula faturate violaced, utrinque notatum, $ marked on each fide at the tip with a deeply | T. I. Y violet-coloured fpot, fig. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA 10, fimplex et novem fidum, Y STAMINA: ten FILAMENTSs, nine united, one fingle, alba. ANTHERZ parva, lutez. Y white. ANTHER# fimall and yellow. GERMEN oblongum, compreffum, glabrum. Stytus¥ GERMEN oblong, compreffed, fmooth. Srvrz nearly n ae undique pilofus. Stigma obtu-¥ upright, hairy all round. Sricma blunt, um, fig. 3. | Y Que 2 PERICARPIUM: LzcuMwEN femunciale, pallide faf- Y SEED-VESSEL: a Pop about half an inch long, of a cum, glabrum, utrinque compreffum, Gini & pale brown colour, flattened on each fide, fig. 4. SEMINA quatuor vel quinque in. fingulo legumine fub- 1 SEEDS four or five in each pod, nearly round and rotunda, nigricantia, fig. 5. i blackifh, fig. 5. Linn4us, Harter, and Scopotr, afcribe to this plant /fipule integra. Indeed the two former found a part of their fpecific charaéter on this very circumftance; but this character is certainly a very fallacious one, as the plant is frequently found with us having /tipule dentate, and füch is the fpecimen we have figured. It has, however other characters by which it is obvioufly diftinguifhed. The moft ftriking are drawn from the leaves and flowers : the former are covered with a fine kind of filky down, which gives them a manifeft whitenefs. This is moft apparent in fuch fpecimens as grow in dry, expofed fituations. The flowers are of a rich deep purple colour, grow in long bunches or racemi, thickly crouded together, and are conífpicuous at a diftance. It is a very common plant in the neighbourhood of London, and no where more plentiful than in Baterfea. Meadows. Whenit has an opportunity of climbing up a hedge, it will grow to the height of five or fix feet; and it 1s then that its blofloms are difplayed to advantage. In the open paítures and fields, it is found much more dwarfifh. It flowers from July to September. Gentlemen who with to decorate the hedges of their plantations cannot fele& a more proper plant, as it is not apt, like the great Bindweed, Travellers-joy, and other ftrong growing plants, to füffocate the fhrubs which fupport it. It is recommended alfo, by fome authors, as affording excellent fodder for cattle. sg doge Sh. "cw eA UA hom ; a 14 72225 M TIONI E E anor Bree AR j3 bossa ved 224 £35 ? 75 S AS RAM. wA ; 1 dii Ma : : HIOTS 13 54 : i TN 1 : ; : d dia k ; D^ NE EU 25 (EU Mery re x Miet on dag $. eda adi Ner eh ae. val s TU 4 nue 6 a n de | y Shot insvial- gia "ud gra ‘ g wm zn vy ane ae ni La | Hee xb gi pi 4p. spiexol ON ^ bay Mie "albbiar c oni. e ido ua "ayer MEL DA V TEMP REN oed i Sa 3 iy ey eno 3i "v a dnd 30. aot ME | DHniHiak Alyse as aga V "C plis Mast. xiqud M [AME 4 Tuy x ja T aud wi. dí Ei Fn Team. ye diras B Wo hdmi am ap aban adim aut na ire ono pci de o o la on sh vini Polen mee notti ee oe a Be E a er or 4 e dem epe 354 dde d E ev j : fl a yd ei y hA ); 1 x i ae eee itn I T Mae el se hon 1 m de s CREPIS TECTORUM. SMOOTH SUCCORY“HAWKWEED. CREPIS Lin. Gen. Pl. SyNcENEsIA PoLYGAMIA zovALis. Recept.nudum. Cal. calyculatus, fquamis deciduis. Pappus plumofus, ftipitatus. Raii Syn, Gen. 6. HERB FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. CREPIS ¢eétorum foliis lanceolato-runcinatis feffilibus lzvibus, inferioribus dentatis. Lin. Syff. P'egetab. p. 600. Sp. Ph p.1135. Fi. Suec. n. 705. ; HEDYPNOIS zecorum caule foliofo ramofo, foliis runcinatis nudis, radtehlious lanceolatis, caulinis fagittatis acutis feffilibus. — Hud/on. FL. Angi. ed. 2. p. 341. CREPIS foliis ad terram pinnatis, fuperne amplexicaulibus pinnatis haftatis. Haller. H/ff. s. 31. CREPIS tecforum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 954. HIERACIUM luteum glabrum five minus hirfutum. J. P. II. 1024. CICHOREUM pratenfe luteüm levius. Baub. Pin. 126. Park. 778. HIERACIUM aphacoides. Ger. em. 297. HIERACIUM foliis et facie chondrille. Parkinf. 794. Raii Syn. $. 165. Smooth Succory Hawkweed, Lighifoot Fl. Scot. 5. 440. RADIX annua, fimplex, parum fibrofa, defcendens,¥ ROOT annual, fimple, furnifhed with few fibres, de- lutefcens. . i {cending, yellowifh. CAULIS pedalis, bipedalis et ultra, ere&us, angulato-Y STALK from one to two feet high or more, upright, ftriatus, nunc glaber, nunc hirfutulus, prefer- Y . fomewhat angular and finely grooved, fome- tim inferne, ízpe purpureus, foliofus, ra- ¥ times perfectly fmooth, fometimesa little hairy, mofus. i efpecially towards the bafe, often purple, leafy, i NE. and branched. FOLIA valde variabilia, fepe tota glabra, alias utrinque$ LEAVES extremely variable, fometimes perfe&ly fmooth, hirfutula, radicalia taraxaci perfimilia, fed paulo y fometimes flightly hirfute on both fides, thofe anguftiora, nervo medio fuperne purpureo, cau- next the root very like the leaves of dandelion, lina amplexicaulia, acuta, varie dentata, ra- but a little narrower, the midrib purpleontheup- mea fubintegra, linearia, fubfagittata, margi- per fide, thofe of the ftalk embracing the ftalk, nibus revolutis. pointed, and varioufly indented, thofe of the branches nearly entire, linear and fomewhat | | Y arrow-fhaped, the edges rolled back. FLORES inter minores hujus familie, flavi, laxe corym- y FLOWERS fmaller than moft of this family, yellow, bofi. Í and growing loofely in a kind of corymbus. CALYX communis duplex, exterior breviffimus, patulus, ¥ CALYX common to all the florets double, the exterior interior fubcylindraceus, fimplex, fulcatus, Y one very fhort and fpreading, the interior one Ae A€4€4€9- 6066 STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, brevi fima. ANTHERA cylindracea, tubulofa, fig. 2. Y PISTILLUM: G£nMEN fubovatum. Íquamis erectis, linearibus, conniveritibus, zequa- libus, longitudinaliter pilis globuliferis hifpi- dulis, {quame ad bafin quinque aut plures, fubulate, breves, inaquales, laxe, pariter hifpidulee. COROLLA iUe imbricata; Corollulis herma- phroditis, plurimis, aequalibus, propria mono- petala, truncata, quinquedentata, fubtus ple- rumque purpurea, jig. 1. RE ALM E LAE ERE AEE ETE Ae€3€4€4€ fomewhat cylindrical, fimple, and grooved, the {cales upright, linear, connivent, equal, longi- tudinally befet with ftiff hairs, having a little globule at their extremities, the {cales at the bafe are about five or more in number, fubulate, fhort, unequal, loofe, and like the others flightly hifpid. COROLLA compound, and imbricated ; Plorets herma- phrodite, numerous and equal, each fingle floret monopetalous, truncated, having five teeth, and for the moft part purple beneath, fg. t. fy STAMINA: five, very fhort, capillary FirAMENTS. ANTHER united into a cylindrical tube, fig. 2. Srvrius fili-¥ PISTIELUM: Germen fomewhat ovate. Sry Le fili- form, the length of the ftamina. STIGMATA formis, longitudine ftaminum. STIGMATA ¥ duo, reflexa, jig. 3. E two, turned back, fig. 3. SEMINA viginti ct ultra in fingulo capitulo, fufca, ftriata; y SEEDS twenty or more in each head, brown, and finely Pappus femine longior, feflilis, fimplex, ig. 4. Y grooved ; Down longer than the feed, fcfüle, Y and fimple, fig. 4. . 'The great variety of appearances to which this plant is fubje&t, im common with many others of the fame clafs, has occafioned no {mall confufion among botanifts, efpecially the older ones, who have divided it into feveral fpecies: even modern botanifts, and thofe of the firft chara&ter, have confeffed the difficulty of diftinguifhing it in its various flates. Luxnveus exclaims, Nulla planta bac vulgatior, nulla magis firuciura et facie varians, nulla magis confufis fynonymis. HLALLER writes, Infuperabiles tenebre fynonyma obducunt : and Scoror1 fays, Melius diceretur Crepis VARIA. Perhaps nothing fhort of repeated obfervation will enable a botanift to diftinguifh the fame plant in its various - flates, efpecially fuch as are fubje& to fuch unufual variations ; yet there is frequently fome character not liable to be altered by difference of foil and fituation, which, if pointed out, will be of great fervice in directing thofe who may not have plants conftantly before them. Ray obferves, that the flowers, heads, and feeds of this plant are - {maller than thofe of any other Englifh Hawkweed, the Hyoferis excepted (he might have added the Hypocheris glabra). ‘To the fmallnefs of the flowers, &c. may be joined the ftru&ure of the calyx and the ftem-clafping leaves; and when it is known to be a plant growing generally in this country on dry banks, in paftures, and on walls, we flatter ourfelves there will be little difficulty, with the aífiftance of our figure, which reprefents the- plant of its medium fize, in difünguifhing it at all times. It flowers from June to September. L3 Mr. Hupsox has thought proper to remove it from the genus Crepis of Linnaus, with which it muft be owned it does not well accord, and make it an Hedypnois ; yet it does not very well agree with the character he himfelf has given of that genus; for the pappus can fearcely be faid to be fubplumofus, unlefs very highly magnified. SF denm y hee J. Sowerby ded. 27727] ec Ue (| 1 y ae tara i REEL QNS Pap ut Aio M : Ay Sh E ta [1 J Sowaby delat fep ‘LEONTODON HispipuM. RoucH DANDELION. LEONTODON Lin. Gen. Pl, SYNGENESIA PoLYGAMIA ZEQUALIS, Recepi. nudum. Calyx imbricatus, íÍquamis laxiufculis. Pappus pluimofus. . | Rai Syn. Gen. 6. HERB# FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCEN'TES, LEONTODON bifidum calyce toto efecto, folus dentatis integerrimis hifpidis: fetis furcatis. Lin. Sy, Vegetab. p. 596. Sp. Pl. 1124. Fl. Suec. n. 694. HEDYPNOIS {capo nudo unifloro, foliis lanceolatis dentatis hifpidis. Hudjon FA. Angl. 340. . PICRIS caule nudo, unifloro, foliis afperis dentatis. — Ha/ler. Hifi. 2. 25. LEONTODON ^Zéfpidum. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 977. 'TARAXACONOIDES perennis et vulgaris | Vaill. AG. 1721, p. 22. HIERACIUM afperum folio magno dentis leonis. Bauh. Pin. 127. HIERACIUM dentis leonis folio hirfutum. Ger. em. 303. HIERACIUM afperum foliis et floribus dentis leonis bulbofi. Park. 788. DENS LEONIS hirfutus Aez/]oxzuAG. Hieracium dittus. Rai Sym. p. 171. Rough Dandelion commonly called Dandelion Hawkweed. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 433. RADIX perennis, obliqua, e nigro-fufca, plurimis fibris s ROOT perennial, oblique, of a blackifh brown colour, pallidioribus, in terram recte demiffis capillata. 3 furnifhed with numerous fibres of a paler co- Y lour, running ftraight into the earth. SCAPI plerumque plures ex eadem radice, pedales aut $ STALKS ufually feveral from the fame root, a foot or fe{quipedales, ereCt, teretes, fiftulofi, hirfuti, $ a foot and a half high, upright, round, hol- fimplices, nudi, fubinde foliolo five pluribus ¥ low, hirfute, fimple, naked, now and then . inftru&ti, fuperne obvie ftriati et incraffati, ad y furnifhed with one or more fmallleaves, above bafin purpurei. i . obvioutly ftriated and thickened, purple at the e | FOLIA radicalia plurima, in pratis fuberecta, in apricis? LEAVES : radical leaves numerous, in meadows nearly | fupra terram expanfa, palmaria feu fpithamza, Y upright, in expofed fituations expanded on the petiolata, oblonga, finuato-dentata, obtufiuf- ¥ ground, a hand’s breadth or more in length, cula, pallide viridia, hirfuta, pilis ut etiam Y ftanding on foot-ftalks, oblong, indented and {capi furcatis. : toothed, bluntifh, of a pale green colour, hir- Y fute, the hairs as alfo thofe of the ftalk forked d at the extremity. FLORES majufculi, lutei, ante florefcentiam femperyg FLOWERS largifh, yellow, before blowing always nutantes. M drooping. CALYX fordide virens, fquamz laxe imbricatz, in-£ CALYX of a dingy green colour, fcales loofely imbri- zquales, pilis longis albidis plerumque fim- Y cated, unequal, rough with long whitifh hairs, plicibus hirfute. i which are for the moft part fimple. COROLLA compofita, zqualis, flofculi quinqueden- ¥COROLLA compound, equal, florets furnifhed with tati, tubus fuperne pilofus, fig. 2. i five teeth, the tube hairy on the upper part, | i Jig. 2. SEMINA oblonga, fublinearia, longitudine fere pappi, y SEEDS oblong, nearly linear, almoft the length of the exteriores paululum incurvati, interiores recti, y pappus, the outer ones bending a little inward, ad lentem traníverfe rugofi, fig. 3. Y the innermoft ones ftraight, when magnified : tranfverfely wrinkled, jig. 3. PAPPUS pilofus, feffilis, fig. 4. Y DOWN hairy, and feffile, fig. 4. RECEPTACULUM planum, nudum, pun&atum.. ¥ RECEPTACLE flat, naked and dotted. Like the other plants of the clafs Syngenefia, the Leontodon hifpidum is fubje&t to vary confiderably in fize and hairinefs ; but very luckily it has one chara&ter which attends it in all its ftates, and which never fails to diftinguifh it, 7s bloffoms droop while in the bud: ftriking as this chara&er is, we believe it has efcaped the obfervation of former Botanifts, at leaft it has not been confidered as of the firft confequence in afcertaining the fpecies. The finglenefs of its ftalks alfo contributes to diftinguifh it from fome other plants of the fame clafs, while the hairs on the leaves afford a more minute diftin&ion, being ufually bifid, but not always fo. As far as we have had opportunity of obferving, it is a very general plant throughout the kingdom, efpecially where there is chalk or lime-ftone. In fuch fort of paftures it abounds as much as the common Dandelion does in rich cultivated ones, and when in flower, which is ufually in July, cloaths them in the fame golden livery. As it forms fo confiderable a part of our pafturage, it is of fome confequence that we fhould know whether Cattle are fond of it, either frefh or made into hay; and we wifhed to lay before our readers the refult of Linn mus or his Pupils experiments on this head; but, though a Swedith plant, it unfortunately proved to be one of thofe with which no experiments were made. The common Dandelion, according to the Linnzan charaéter, is certainly no Leontodon, the pappus being fimple, and Scoport has accordingly made another genus of it, Hedypnois. Mr. Hupson has united the prefent plant, the Leontodon autumnale, two fpecies of Crepis, with the Picris echioides, under one genus of the fame name Hedypaois ; and HALLEmn arranges our plant with his Pieris. Amidtt all this confufion we have thought it beft in the prefent inftance to follow Linnzus, efpecially as there is nothing in the fructification of our plant which militates againft the generic character of his Leontodon. EE aR UR TERI 2 d ons Ane ae 4 n. s itt oo y ieee m USO.) 1 Lir lé. "obi BL on Pl TROIS Ce Has (3. a bestes 31d T ‘ d , Pe av Aw f] Lr pes 1 ud Se ek My, ME Wu - C oui dat 'efdi : j ibat et x gatis it. att non ED a iota be ree loqxa | vod i r4 4 ataault : a ü sm iri 3 am $ i cited & t pi “praise quib By NUES nof ntl T $3.7 = m ete ee V ib s ái" pq dui A. itd. ong | en js ADAE: ios rail ge z uq Murs A ana incoq acai d fu» V toners oe ~ » aid "aimist | la asked ^ it SN me A ait pido satiaaiog ELA i asatligna i d px T m ende aay im nd iti pasen. id A ait atio: eoniber phe i j $ddgbid obra, imas egdhgla. : aw: “wale br jhilisiocd i u iod s hig do * qot; chat T YOME j i ORNA Ne nuu ep Ae. eth te * T 4 Mone propose uS ees kid f | «qr icy uer MR (eser qi dmn alia Blusqxs f6517154- id : sistasbsotcunit. stprtoldor NI eh “alg os ae bry biting.“ aH ne iu Vs Um a um" ^» o ease b- E no 1 Meet sca met me VU NUENTAEETR DR TURNS PAS pel phism eens Aalst hii H ; e Vu T Hou " ^ bun : T ! tenia if nero: ‘as A1 ' Í " x =: NIIT NUES ; DE Is qwe de wv KENT A "defi GR. i "d EN E : pa (qme dea ae Che CE eo me rie tri eh Png SRA Ww AX opm ove) even Cone et mobls " Yi Hrailttipintia vise gi ovimg bo bisier duoi fads abneuxs: abso di ndun use! | 1 wind RAT C ONOPORDUM ÁCANTHIUM. CoTTON THISTLE. ONOPORDUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Syncenesia PotycAmia ZEQUALIS. | Recept. favofum. Cal. {quame mucronate. Raw Syn. Gen. 9g. HERB FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO, | SIVE CAPITATA. ONOPORDUM Acanthium calycibus fquarrofis: fquamis patentibus, foliis ovato oblongis finuatis. : Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 607. Sp. Pl. 5. 1158. Fl. Suec. m. 724. * ONOPORDUM caule alato, foliis ovatis dentatis, dentibus angulofis ariftatis. Haller hift. n. 159. ACANOS Spina. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 1013. | SPINA alba tomentofa latifolia fylveftris. Bauh. pin. 382. ACANTHIUM album. Ger. emac. 1149. , ACANTHIUM vulgare. Parkinf. 1149... CARDUUS tomentofus, Acanthium di&us vulgaris. Rai Sym. 196. Common Cotton Thifle. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 5. 354. Lightfoot H.Scot. p. 459. RADIX biennis. | — $ ROOT biennial. CAULIS tripedalis ad fepedalem, ad bafin ufque ra- $ STALK from three to fix feet high, branched down mofus, fublanuginofus, per totam longitu- 9 to the bottom, fomewhat woolly, winged dinem alatus, alis latis, fpinofis, fpinis. lu- throughout .its whole length, wings broad tefcentibus, divergentibus. ud and {pinous, the fpines yellowifh and di- $ verging. |) V RAMI longi, diffufi. 9 BRANCHES long, and fpreading. — — FOLIA feffilia, ovata, acuta, decurrentia, finuata, ? LEAVES feffile, ovate, pointed, running. down the dentata, feu angulofa, utrinque lanugine in- ftalk, finuated and indented or angular, co- cana, inferiora ampliffima, longitudine fef- vered on both fides with a kind of white quipedalia, latitudine fere pedalia, margine 9 woolly down, the lowermoft leaves very large, DOD fpinofa. 4 a foot and a half long, and almoft a foot in M | breadth, fpinous on the:edge. FLORES purpurei, ere&i, terminales, magnitudine i FLOWERS terminal, purple, upright, the fize of florum Cardui mariani. thofe of the Milk Thiftle. ! | CALYX: communis fubrotundus, ventricofus, imbri- € CALYX: common to all the florets, fomewhat round, catus, /guamis numerofis, fpinofis, undique 5 bellying out, and imbricated, the /cales nu- prominentibus, fpinis apice luteis, bafi pilis @ © merous, fpinous, projecting on every fide, albis intertextis, fig. 1. 8 the {pines yellow at the points, and at the 9 bafe interwoven with white hairs, fig. 1. COROLLA: compofita, tubulofa, uniformis ; Corol- 1 COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, Florets lule hermaphrodite, equales, monopetala, $ hermaphrodite, equal, monopetalous and infundibuliformes, tudo tenuiflimo, jg. a. ¥ funnel-fhaped, tude very flender, fig. 2. lamb limbo ereéto, ventricofo, quinquefido, laci- à upright, bellying out, divided into five equal niis qualibus, linearibus, fig. 3. 8 _ linear fegments, fig. 3. STAMINA: *FILAMENTA quinque, capillaria, bre- ¢ STAMINA: five capillary, very fhort FitAMENTS; viffima; ANTHER# purpureze, in cylindrum $ ANTHER# purple, forming a cylindrical coalite, quinquedentate, fig. 4. tube, terminating above in five teeth, jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, fig. 6. Srytus 9 PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, jig. 6. STYLE fili- filiformis, ftaminibus longior ; STIGMA bi- $ form, longer than the ftamina; Stiema bi- fidum, fig. 5. 9 hid, fig. 5. C PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx ax&e connivens. pv none, the Calyx clofing ftrongly Q9 together. "NN SEMINA obovata, fubcompreffa, obfolete angulata, ® SEEDS NOE ovate, a little flattened, faintly — rugofa, nigricantia, fig. 7. Pappus feflilis, ad 6. angus wrinkled, blackifh, jig. 7. Down lentem hifpidulus, fig. 8. ore feffile, flightly hifpid when magnified, fig. 8. RECEPTACULUM cellulis membranaceis, tetrago- % RECEPTACLE reticulated with fquare, membran- nis, reticulatum, favi inflar, jig. 9. 9 ous cells, like a honeycomb, /zg. 9. When the Cotton-Thiftle grows to its full fize, in a pure air, uncontaminated by London Smoke, the grandeur and fnowy whitenels of its foliage render it highly confpicuous and ornamental. With us it grows moft commonly-on the fanny fide of dry banks, and ‘occafionally among rubbifh, but very feldom in open fields; hence it proves very little injurious to the hufbandman. It is diftinguifhed from the Carduus tribe, by having a receptacle fomewhat like a honeycomb, vid. fig. 9. It differs alfo in another circumftance. "When the flowering is over, the innermoft fcales of the calyx clofe ftrongly together, and preferve the feed; in the Thiftles, as foon as the feed is ripe, the firft hot day opens the heads, expands the pappus, and the leaft wind carries away the feed; in the Onopordum they remain {hut up, and ftrongly defended, nor can they commit themfelves to the earth, or be eaten by birds, tll long expofure to the weather has decayed the calyx which enclofes them ; _on this account, they may afford fuftenance to birds later in the year, when fimilar food 1s nee Dime tained. June and July are the principal months of its flowering. It is not very fubjeG}to the depredations of infeéts, and it is defended by its ftrong {pines from the attacks of moft quadrupeds. . - i 334 J Sowerky dol, at fair. m T A E iem E % he z m. SOM AN AM : : : hh «f 2 e PR e ja dr b ALAS 31 PK ST Jowerly del edt. 77 oonanthea Rn D —— -PRENANTHES MURALIS. lvv-LEAVED WILD | LETTUCE. Der PRENANTHES Linnai Gen. Pl. Syncenesta PoLyGamMia ALQuaLis. | Recept. nudum. Calyx calyculatus. Pappus fimplex, fubfefülis. Flofculi fimplici ferie. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. HERBH FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. PRENANTHES “#uralis flofculis quinis, folis runcinatis. Linn. Sy. Vegetab. $. 596. Sp. Pl, 1121, El, Suec. n. 692. PRENANTHES foliis ferratis pinnatis, pinna fuprema triangulari trilobata, Haller. hit. m 18. PRENANTHES muralis. S$copoli Fl. Cara. n. 964. "m LACTUCA fylveftris murorum flore luteo. 7. B. II. 1004. SONCHUS levis laciniatus muralis parvis floribus. Bauhin. Pin. 124. SONCHUS levis muralis. Ger. emac. 293. SONCHUS levis alter parvis floribus. Paer£.9o2. Raz Sym. p. 162. Ivy-leaved Sow-thiftle, or Wild Lettuce. — Huafon.. Ff. Angl. ed. 2. p. 338. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 5.431. RADIX perennis, ramofa, pallide fufca, la&efcens. yROOT perennial, branched, of a pale brown colour, and milky. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ere&us, fimplex, fo- ¥ STALK from one to three feet high, upright, fimple, liofus, fuperne fubflexuofus, teres, glaucus, Y leafy, fomewhat crooked towards the top, urpurafcens. ' ¥ round, glaucous, and purplith. FOLIA radicalia Soncho oleraceo perfimilia, inferne pur- ¥ LEAVES next the root very like thofe of the common purea, caulinaalterna, amplexicaulia, patentia. j Sow-thiflle, purple on the under fide, thofe o£ d the ftalk alternate, fpreading, and embracing ! LEN ee. i ito FLORES parvi, lutei, erecti, paniculati, i FLOWERS ea yellow, upright, growing in a - ; Y panicle. PANICULA ampla, nuda, ramofiflima, purpurafcens. jPANICLE large, naked, exceedingly branched; and | | purplith. CALYX communis cylindraceus, glaber, purpurafcens, ¥ CALYX: the common Calyx cylindrical, fmooth, pur- Íquamis cylindri numero corollularum, {quamis i plifh, the ícales of the cylinder as numerous ad bafin cylindri tribus breviffimis inzquali- y as the florets, with three, very íhort, unegual bus, fig. 1. . | 1 {mall ones at its bafe, fig. 1. COROLLA compofita, Corollule hermaphrodite ple- ¥ COROLLA compound, P/rets hermaphrodite, ufually rumque quinque, zquales, in orbem fimph- 1 five in number, equal, forming a fingle circle, cem pofite, latiufcula, nervofz, quinqueden- i broadifh, ribbed, terminated by five teeth, dips 2» tate, fig. 2. ded. STAMINA: FriLAMENTA quinque, capillaria, breviffima, YSTAMINA: five capillary Fin AMENTS, very fhort and flavas ANTHERZ Cylindracez, tubulofz. y yellow; AwTHERJ& forming a hollow cylinder. -PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum; Srytus filiformis, YPISTILLUM: Germen fubovate; STYLE filiform, ftaminibus longior; Sriema_ bifidum, re- : longer than the ftamina; Sricma bifid and flexum, fig: 3. i3 Wo reflexed, fig. 3. SEMEN oblongum, bafi acuminatum, nigrum, firia- ySEED oblong, pointed at the bafe and ftriated: Down tum: Pappus breviffime petiolatus, fimplex, : ftanding on a very fhort foot-ftalk, fimple, Jig. 4.5 lente auct. fig. 5. Jig. 4.5 magnified, fig. 5. Some of the old Botanifts confidered this plant as a Laétuca; others asa Sonchus. It approaches neareft to the former, both in its fructification and habit, not but the foliage is very like that of the Sonchus oleraceus. Linum US, from the paucity of its florets, makes a diftin& genus of it, though number feems fcarcely fufficient to conftitute a generic character. ‘This paucity of florets (there being feldom more than five) at once diftinguifhes it however from allits kindred; but at the fame time we have known it not a little to puzzle ftudents beginning to learn the claffes, and who had ftudied them from fuch flowers as Dandelion. It is not a very common plant with us, but is met with occafionally on walls, in woods, and other fhady places We obferved plenty of it this year on the outfide of the pales which terminate the Terrace at the Spaniard, Hamp- ftead-Heath, on the declivity towards Lord Mansfield’s little wood, It flowers from July to September. d Veaneg Mov bes 114A ? \ ; " i LXo Pr n phi hs | É she, % Jj * j 3 1 ipa ^ E id 3 +2 a e k Y E ehe nns ee ee tates so f a age ee LÀ A LA asc. im vue IRE * T te be [t dut dá j " NO St RA Ref R4 Lp ea dd oh —— un MCA NUES c SN AI , ann 7 lid, ; 7 e. Ape. O p Ld SONCHUS PALUSTRIS, MARsH oR TREE SOw-THISTLE, SONCHUS Lin. Gen Pl. SyNGENESIA PoLYGAMIA JEQUALIS. - Recept. nudum. Calyx imbricatus, ventricofus; Pappus glücichia. Raii Syn. Gen. 27. HERBJE FLORE COMPOSITO, NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. SONCHUS paluftris pedunculis calycibufque hifpidis fubumbellatis, folis runcinatis bafi ariftatis, Js Syfl. Vegetab. p. 594. bafi fagittatis. Sp. Pl. p. 1116; SONCHUS afper arborefcens. Bawhin. Pin. p. 124. ed. 2; HIERACIUM árborefcens paluftre. Eyu/d. ed. 1. SONCHUS tricubitalis, folio cufpidato. Merr. Pin: SONCHUS arborefcens alter. Ger. Em. p. 294: SONCHUS levis altiffimus vel Sonchus levior aüftriacus 5. altiffimus. Clu/. Hif. CX LIT. SONCHUS arborefcens Parkins. p. 808. Ran Syn. p. 163. The greateft Marth Tree Sow-thiflle; UN Fl. Anglic. p. 337. LES RADIX perennis, plurimis fibris majufculis i MP perennial, furnifhed with numerous large fibres, minime vero repens ficut in arvenfi. but not creeping, as in the corn Sow-thiftle. CAULIS: ex eadem radice, exfurgunt cáules plures, STALK: from the fame root arife feveral ftalks, up- ere&i, orgyales, et ultra, craffitie pollicis, an- } right; fix feet ot more high, the thicknefs of gulati, leves, purpurafcentes, fftulofi, latte-¥ Bale CURDS. angular, fmooth, purplifh; hol- Ícentes, foliofi, apice raniofi $ low, milky, and | branched at top. FOLIA caulina fparífa; inferiora bafi fagittata, runci- y LEAVES of the ftalk placed without any regular order, nata, laciniis düabus, vel tribus utrinque inz- : the lower ones arrow-fhaped at the bafe, and qualibus, acuminatis, terminali longiffima, fu- ; runcinate, with two or three i uneque al pointed prema integra, enfiformia, bafi ariftata, omni- Y Íegmients on each fide, the terminal one very bus minutim denticulatis; long, the uppet leaves entire, fword-fhaped; ¥ bearded at the bafe, all of them very finely : . toothed. FLORES fubumbellati, lutei, floribus drvenfis duplo FLOWERS of a yellow colour, about Half the fize of minores. $ thofe of the cor Sow-thiflle, forming a large Y , Kind of umbel. PEDUNCULI hifpidi feu potius vifcidi cürn omnes pili ¥ FLOWER-STALKS hifpid or rather vi ifcid, as each globulo terminantur. i hair i$ terminated by a globule. CALYX communis primo cylindracetis, apice truncatus; ¥ CALYX: the comimon calyx at firft cylindrical, trun- viícidus, peracta florefcentia ventricofo-conicus, i cated at top; atid vifcid, the flowering being {quamis plurimis; linearibus, inzequalibus. i over, bellying out at bottom and conical, the $ ... Ícale$ numerous, linear and unequal. — COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniforthis. Gorol- 4 COROLLA compound; imbricated and uniform. Flores lule hermaphrodite, numerofz, zequales. Tu- ¥ hermaphrodite, numerous, and equal: Tube bus longitudine limbi, albus, plofus. Limbusy — the length of the limb, white and hairy. linearis, apice quinquedentatus; jig. 1; 2. i Limb linear, terminated by five teeth, Jig. 1, 2. STAMINA : FILAMENTÁ quinque, capillaria, brevif- Y STAMINA : five; c capillary; very {hort Fui AMENTS: fima; ANTHERJE GOES in tubum exlindts- 4 ANTHERJE yellow, forming a cyhndrical tube; ceum coalite, jig. 3 Jim 3. PISTILLUM: |. GERMEN P sbloneeeorastitn, albtim. + PISTIELUM : GERMEN oblong-ovate; white. SrvyrE STrYLus filiformis, longitudine ftaminum. y filiform, the length of the A STIG- STIGMATA duo, revolüta; fig. 4, 5. ¥ MATA two, tcd back, Jig 2s ps SEMEN pallide fufcum, oblongum; ; cow fulcatum, : SEED pale brown, oblong, with a ie on each fide; unde fubtetragonum apparet, jig. 6 y whence it appears fomewhat four- cornered; Y Jia. 6. PAPPUS femine longior; feffilis, fimplex: DOWN longer than the feed; feffile, unbranched. RECEPTACULUM nudüm, punétis prominulis fci RECEPTACLE naked, rough with {mall prominent brum. points. PARKINSON gives a tolerable figure, and a pretty accurate defcription of this plant; aud fucceeding Botanifts, particularly Ray, have fufficiently afcertained its fpecific charaéters: neverthelefs HALLER confidérs it as a variety of the arvenfis : his words dre, ** nec mihi omnia confideranti differre videtur." Had the Baron feen the plant growing, he certainly would not bave been thus fingular in his opinion. It agrees with the a7 venfis in having a perennial root; which however does not creep. When placed in a garden, by the fide of the arvenfis, it exceeds it one half; and when planted by the water fide, out-tops it by two-thirds. Indeed, in fuch fituations we have feen it ten feet high, and we believe it may juftly be confidered ag the talleft Englith plant; but though it is fo much tallef than the arvenfis, its bloffoms are not fo large. In its place of growth it differs alfo from the arvenfis; while the one is chiefly obferved in corn-fields, the other is a conftant inhabitant of marfhes. "There is a difference alfo in the periods of their flowering, the paluftris being later by about three weeks ; but the bafe of the leaf m thefe two plants affords, perhaps, the beft character, and of which Linnaus, with his ' üfual acumen, has availed himfelf. , hi Sonchus paluftris occurs fparingly in the marfhes about Blackwall and Poplar, and flowers the latter end of uly The cominon Sow:thiflle i$ well known to be a favourite food of rabbits; ; but we believe it has fcarcely been fufpe&ted, that it might be ranked with our efculent herbs; yet a gentleman, whofe delicate {tate of health has led him to make experiments on fuch kind of plants, and in whofe veracity we place the moft implicit confidence, affures us; that he has found the tender fhoots and buds of the common Sow-thiftlé (the fmooth fort) boiled in the manner of Spinach, to afford excellent greens, fuperior to any others which he has tried; not in common ufe, : die hos robot x m ale ; A | Ec ide pb: "35s m Iu ons ie Piss RYE oi Lait: Ba Dum: VLA | Or A". dea ee Shed ai cas Kj OEE PERCE SNR as ao bat elas ay He Mie TEN sudor. v bae vut eoe PM DER Care | seeing! oraz gains Baserehcar H VERSA er at ee rm juo dune: d COE SONT EMEN m ts jf m M». d imos. lebunrer e E T? s : ee Tatius TE rhe ies 2E M ae VUE RE | 2 Slafie sec: gs ia senile QA. BI OT | | : eae verstoth wuls ds. GP nec. XY Ro ^ ceptis qe dc 4 eas . 3 guile iiber elus eoe vHeow. Bai oak: site LEN un : Pat i o ita do aeons: ao nho Ten Duos S URN ag v jj D ^ tud ‘ad Virori adir: TN ROUES ^ P. | W | FUE 63 vu bas’ d Nd BS ti TEL QR € Nie DU rivi PR SEIDU E 9519 gra Seba gin tole alia i B ooa «. ERO (i RT d ee a sag sige ead Ni Sese ata gapoteitus Mira b hee a moe n es | "ih ily ON ndr. cine P. (ALME ST Doro Jl. celeb | REL. Sh abet boe fai ds vi x men | Sibdchudkn spit IP ahi ; DIA TP te m 5 iic a “ie pris "y Pa quy » t. pf ih = * ae ACHILLEA PTARMICA, SNEEZEWORT. ' ACHILLEA Lin. Gen. Pl. SvNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERELUA. . ] ( a ip : SALTS ; Recepi. paleaceum. Pagfus nullus. Cal. ovatus, imbricatus. Flo/- cult radii circiter 4. - Rau Syn. Gen. 8. . HERBH FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS corymbifere DICTA. ACHILLEA Ptarinica foliis lanceolatis acuminatis argute ferratis. — Lin. Syft. Vesetab. p. 647. Sp. Pl. p. 1266. Fl. Suecic. n. 771. ACHILLEA foliis linearibus lanceolatis acutiffime ferratis. Haller hi/t. 119. DRACUNCULUS ferrato folio pratenfis. Bauh. f. 198. PTARMICA Ger. emac. 605. Park. 859. Ratt Syn. " 189. Sneezewort, Baflard-Pellitory, Goofe-Tongue. Hudfon, Fl. Angl. 375. Lightfoot, Fl. Scot. p. 495. 7 RADIX perennis, repens, alba, fubgeniculata, fibris 6 ROOT perennial, creeping, white, fomewhat jointed, majufculis et longiffimis donata, ejgeniculis i furnifhed with.large and very long fibres exeuntibus, fapore acri et fervido: ? which proceed from the joints, of a hot acrid | tafte. ; CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ereCtus, plerumique ^ STALK-from- one to three feet high, upright, gene- fimplex, rigidulus, inferne teres, glaber, à rally fimple, fomewhat rigid, below round EM fubangulatus, villofus, paniculatim 6 and fmooth, above flightly angular, villous, ramoius. 9 and branching out into a kind of panicle. LEAVES numerous, alternate, feflile, embracing the flalk, iinear, pointed, two or three inches long, fmooth on both fides, and fomewhat fhining, of a deep-green colour, the edge rough, if the finger be drawn along it, from the top to the bafe, fomewhat crenated, the notches forming asfharp prickly kind of faw, underneath having two longitudinal ribs, be- . fide the midrib. . CORYMBUS terminal, compound, upright, villous, F FOLIA numerofa, alterna, feffilia, amplexicaulia, £ linearia, acuta, bi vel tripollicaria, utrinque glabra, lucidiufcula, faturate viridia, mar- gine retrorfum fcabra, fubcrenata ; crenis minutim ferrulato aculeatis; fübtus triner- via; nervis longitudinalibus, quorum inter- medius eft cofta. | CORYMBUS terminalis, compofitus, erectus, villo- fus, foliofus. BRACTE® lineares in pedunculis. CALYX communis hemifphericus, fubtomentofus, imbricatus, {quamis ovato-lanceolatis, ere€tis, fubcarinatis, margine rufis, fubciliatis. and leafy. LORAL-LEAVES linear on the flower-ftalks. CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, fomewhat woolly; the fcales compofing it placed one over another, of an oval-pointed Íbape, upright, fomewhat keeled, the mar-_ gin reddifh, and flightly edged with hairs: COROLLA compound and radiate, female flowers in 9 o 0 0 Q Q 9 9 e Q 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 (07 9 9 9 Q 9 9 0 ? the circumference, tubular at bottom and COROLLA compofita, radiata, flores feminec in ra- dio, ligulate, numero 8-10, /amna ovata, 6 alba, patens, bifulca, apice obtufa, triden- : fpreading at top, from 8 to 10 in number, tata, faz. 1. tubus marginatus, brevis, longi- 6 the /amina ovate, white, fpreading, with tudine germinis, apice rubellus,’ jig. 2. A two grooves, blunt at top, with three fmall flores hermaphroditi in difco numerofi, tubus 6 blunt teeth, f. 1. the tube two-edged, fhort; fubcylindraceus, marginatus, virefcens ; /zm- : the length of the germen, and reddifh at top, bus quinquefidus, albus, tubo brevior, laciniis ¢ fubrevolutis, fg. 3. & fig. 2. hermaphrodite flowers numerous in the centre, the tude nearly cylindrical, two- 6 edged, greenifh, the Zim) white, divided in- © to five fegments, fhorter than the tube, the Iz ó fegments fomewhat rolled back, fig. 3. STAMINA in hermaphroditis; FiLAMENTA quin- que, capillaria; ANTHER&# flave, in tubum coalite, fig. 4. PISTILLUM in femineis et hermaphroditis: Gzn- MEN compreflum, turbinatum; STvLus fili- formis; ST1iGMATA duo, revoluta, apicibus obtufis, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, nuda, utrinque fubalata, nitida, apice truncata. o 6 STAMINA in the hermaphrodite flowers; Fira- i i MENTS five, very fine; ANTHER# yellow, o uniting in a tube, fig. 4. | à PISTILLUM in the female and hermaphrodite $ flowers; GERMzN flattened, broadeft at top ; : STYLE thread-fhaped ; SricMATA two, rol- 9 led back, the ends blunt, fig. 5. : SEEDS numerous, naked, having a kind of wing on rs each fide, fhining, and cut off as it were at 9 9 $ 9 9 $ top. RECEPTACLE chaffy, the feales membranous, ofa fhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, blunt, fcarcely the length of the flowers. RECEPTACULUM .paleaceum,. fquamis membra- naceis, lieneari-lanceolatis, obtufis, vix lon- gitudine florum. The dried powder of this plant fnuffed up the noftrils provokes fneezing, hence it has acquired its name of Sneezewort ; chewed in the mouth, like Pellitory of Spain, it promotes the flow of the faliva, and is found ferviceable in the cure of the tooth-ach: thefe appear to be the only medicinal purpofes to which 1t 1s applied. Py: / In its double flate, it has long been an ornament in gardens, and diftinguifhed by the name of Batchelors. Buttons ; having a creeping and very increafing root, 1t requires more care to deflroy than to increafe it. It is a common plant in wet paflures and on heaths, and may be found in plenty by the fides of the ditches in Batterfea-Meadows, where it flowers in July and Auguft. v y ‘ A TUDE. € iod. CY SJSowerby delet feutp. a vary $t moran gate sardi co A I r- 3 rs ua XA pe ME iu fa " " " é Pur B M E E jl NE : eu ui d i Ia i (rg ww E UA SUE EUM yd 4 ! , ' ^ * v - f * , A [ a" Ü : i Ne. d ; " E D JU Bde d ne med moo mod, cs Hs os sent joi li ties ect ped lS grs Tan a WEN 1 r y 1 ir nya T B Ww T b "dba dio: once Fe od. Mem pO: Jue hrs qe ng vie TODA! * "a yin Mui Bost ows or Soo. VADE Od * 4 divin ters vano bets ag yore adi hie wm. Soda i; ket D Uter jnened edi ci (iq ioc Nt fall. Stet aus dipwisbnt folant nord etti diobim- sti by, “edad 3 xeq Hem sidiadl s rH UE | sw bos gh joqqu sit dus istitioq : ES * Lost. : UP o okdthe vy b3u ST daba AONE doar uttqu BALE AY Posen it te af ode bosioull isiwomol- vue siulir engloy Zins odi. ctw EUEEO dee UNE iso es Head pe pns wil) fis. "n giommos 20€ 1AO Io sohiór siti E béyostideni ejr we ck purs. shuld 2206 3521 sd: E n pae inem «. 177 6s fem ST. E Md ; CS. Lotsote» yigsob. ^om 1s PE i. a Re a e BUR Jue de SEA VU MINI E E E nA Atooruls Goods wiser mil le os py " ar ie 4 "LI MN | uwtre fReR ys "fu dte S ‘ Cet PERE o conful Dos t i $ ay M v ? * * , Ha kx rd Ed. "ure a : . Lathes rr n i63 VS dg vum LANI Ve LER O Wee EEE E É E AME ] - ^ AX T m TIT TM P Te sptioter x edd a> 2,1 H reete zesiamo fisci y? LIU 13 | o. bsord wouilows flomls. eto: NUBE ae wrtrietid gigsdo Hal oust dont agaist | 1 | ‘gout ni nisse , b digi Hf ng let A Algido aurdrhsb- rs 2 | 2 duis ta 22108 si 1o ving 1elidur NN v1 4A : M St ae uelg ^A AMARE yu a Feed 3 dv. hotasensiito . QUA OAT 7 Eu Bh bind há ó elroiqh Ta; Ok M MEE 3 SEA (ovo bodut sir or oldiler - eebarta 4 asilo ^ ehoacallor esrtenag et. oy bilid SE A doshoqmi Do zig Be | mateo —! p dieta EOM odi 3o OF, vu o 4. Á Tk 320. QU Eu Lubatiooi zv. about ^ | x | sdlosd. ballot. NEN niet. + She was sede. «slloros sd vh low Dr 1 | buio vil diu a ae | C T Justo die ubaoid Gase 5. & enun Fui bai (ovo vatis Nd » 6 tiie 9! aa 1d Sube nt ora: ag ,muesiq SOR ati EM XT S EE d. b Anm Ba VARTA purutt conv c s Seige MUTO T «a ss (ee vie ce. SU | Uu Aw ss e s Je E Du oS d ^ ps AE »b nid. E E Cer s Pdl Mm i . sd danke air Tt e80h 36 Prodr Seem ooo: Nu gU tes: T 4 float. eiie heron: zie ibt nid vec Apt TARY. TW J ti dur Bap ants hy Seok pein ag in. MEUS: M Aqu dir hor a Be b am M M "he a9 oars iom n pec PIE li | Antuemis CoruLA. STINKING MAYWEED. ANTHEMIS Lin. Gen. Pl. Syncunesia POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Cal. hemifphzricus, fubzequalis. Fiofcul? radii plures quam 5. Raw Syn. Gen. 8. | HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS CORYMBIFERZ DICTA, ANTHEMIS Cotula receptaculis conicis: paleis fetaceis, feminibus nudis. Lin. Sy. Vegetab. $. 646. Sp. Pl. p. 1201. FL. Suec. n. 767. CHAMJEMELUM foliis glabris, duplicato-pinnatis, nervo foliaceo, pinnulis lanceolatis feminibus exafperatis. Haller luft. 104. ANTHEMIS Cotula. Scofolt Fl. Carn. n. 1092. CHAMAMELUM fetidum. B. Pin. 135. CHAM/EMELUM fetidum feu Cotula fetida 7. B. III. 120. COTULA alba Dod. Pempt. 258. Raw Syn. p. 185. Stinking Mayweed. Hud/on. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 5.373. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p. 495. Tota planta feetidiffima, fublanuginofa. * The whole plant extremely fetid, and lightly woolly. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. = ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, erectus, fubangulatus, & STALK from one to two feet high, upright, fome- flriatus, pubefcens, ramofus, fpe ulque ad * whatangular, finely grooved, downy, branched bafin. B often almoft to the bottom. | FOLIA alterna, feffilia, fublanuginofa, pinnata, cofta * LEAVES alternate, feffile, flightly woolly, pinnated, lineam lata, fubtus carinata, pinnis plerum- ; the midrib a line broad, keeled underneath, que ramofis, planis, acutis, fuperne punciis & the pinne for the moft part branched, flat, impreffis, nudo oculo confpicuis notata. pointed, on the upper fide marked with: im- preífed dots vifible to the naked eye. PEDUNCULI ereéti, ftriati, nudi, fuperne fubin- * FLOWER STALKS upright, finely grooved, naked, craffati. . i fomewhat thickened above. FLORES albi, difco luteo, minime virefcente. FLOWERS white, the centre yellow, without any | tendency to green. CALYX communis, hemifphericus, imbricatus, fqua- à CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, mis pallide. virentibus, exterioribus obtufis, » imbricated, the fcales of a pale green colour, fufco marginatis, carina faturatius virente. the outer ones blunt, and edged with brown, the keel more deeply coloured. FLOWERS of the radius about thirteen, female, nearly ovate, almolt two lines broad, obtufe, two-rib'd, terminating in three obtufe teeth, S. Rea MERE ERE n FLOSCULI radéü tredecem circiter, feminei, fubovati, lineas duas fere lati, obtufi, binerves, triden- tati, denübus obtufis, fig. 1. pars tubulofa "a n7 D SI Ee ae Me e e ede flofeuli ut ut Germen, glandulis pellucidis, & jig. 1. the tubular part of the floret as well as nudo oculo confpicuis ornata, fig. 2. Stigma 3. the Germen, ornamented with tranfparent bifidum, laciniis reflexis, fzpe mancum, + glands, vifible to the naked eye, fs. 2. io. 9. = Stigma bifid, the fegments reflexed, often & imperfect, fig. 3 FLOSCULI di/ci numerofi, tubulofi, hermaphroditi, FLOWERS of the di/z numerous, tubular, herma- quinquedentati, jis. 4. Stigma bifidum, la- phrodite, five-tooth'd, fg. 4. Stigma bifid, cinis revolutis, fig. 6. Germen, ut ut corolla the fegments rolled back, fg. 6. Germen as ad lentem glandulofa, fig. 5. well as the corolla, when magnified, ftudded with little glands, fig. 5. SEED bluntly four-cornered, brown, wrinkled, flat at top, with a prominent hollow point in the centre, below flenderer, fig. 7. magnified. RECEPTACLE nearly cylindrical, on the upper part furnifhed with rigid, briftle-fhaped palez or. chaff, fig. 8. SA y e ue E SEMEN obtufe tetragonum, fufcum, rugofum, apice planum, puncto in vertice prominulo, ex- cavato, inferne attenuatum, fig. 7. auét. RECEPTACULUM fubcylindraceum, fuperne paleis fetaceis, rigidis inflru&um, fi. 8... Sy 2 NS Xy Xe e Eee pA 8 3. Se The Anthemis Cotula, like the Matricarta Chamomilla, is very common in corn-fields, where it is well known frequently to blifter the fkin of the reapers, or of children who may happen to gather it, which the Matricaria never does ;—if the plant be examined with a microfcope, it will be found befprinkled with little glands, in which its acrid matter moft probably refides. an Independent of this quality, it abounds to that degree 1n fome corn-fields, as greatly to diminifh the crop. It is fond of a foil well manured, and as it is frequently fuffered to feed on dunghills, it by that means often becomes more generally difleminated: farmers cannot be too careful in weeding their dunghills; they are not aware of the amazing increafe from a fingle plant of the Anthemis Cotula, Rumex cri/pus, Chenopodium album, or many others equally, if not more, injurious. . We have obferved the petals to vary much in length and breadth, and Botanifts have fometimes found it with double flowers. It differs greatly in its qualities from the Anthemis nobilis and Matricaria Chamomilla, has never been much in ufe, nor are its medicinal effets well known. Decoétions of it are faid fometimes to have been employed as a bath or fomentation againft hyfteric fuffocations, and hemorrhoidal pains and fwellings. Mr. Ray fays, that a decoétion of the herb has by fome been given internally, with fuccefs, in fcrophulous cafes. Brown LANGRISH gives an account of a deco€tion of it throwing a perfon afflicted with rheumatifm into a profule fweat, and curing him. Lewis's Mat. Med. p. 223. Vid. Matricaria Chamomilla. JT Sowerby et. ez Jeudp. T A 2 Le A nL es Monum ! a T A iE I JL ovmeráy dl. et font. CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM. CommMmow Ox-Eyer, or GREATER DAISY. re CHRYSANTHEMUM Jin. Gen. Pl, Synwcunesia Porycamia SUPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. —Paffus marginatus. Cal. hémifphericus, imbricatus, fquamis marginalibus membranaceis. Rai Syn. Gen. 8. HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTITUTIS, CORYMBIFERJE DICTA. E CHRYSANTHEMUM 3 Leucanthemum foliis araplexicaulibus oblongis; fuperne ferratis; inferne dentatis. Lin. Sy/t. Vegetab. ed. 14. f. 772. Sp. Pl. p.1251. FH. Suec: 1. 763. MATRICARIA foliis radicalibus petiolatis, ovatis, crénatis, caulinis amplexicaulibus dentatis; Haller hift. 98. MATRICARIA Leucanthemum. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 1041: BELLIS fylveftris caule foliofo major. Bauh. Pin. 261; LEUCANTHEMUM vulgare. Zourm.492. — BELLIS major. Ger. emac. 634. BELLIS major vulgaris five fylveftris. | Par&in/. 598. Raii Syn. p. 184. The Greater Daify, or Ox-Eye. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. b. 488. Hud/on. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. f. 371- RADIX perennis, fufca, fubrepens, fibrofa. " ROOT LESE brown, fomewhat creeping, and brous. ve m CAULIS pedalis, fefquipedalis et ultra, erectus, ri- 9 STALK a foot or a foot and a half high or more, gidus, angulofus, inferne purpurafcens, hir- upright, rigid, angular, below purplifh and futus, fuperné nudus, fimplex, fubinde ra- hairy, above naked, fimple, fometimes | mofus. branched. FOLIA radicalia a caulinis diverfiffima, petiolis longis 6 LEAVES next the root very different from thofe of infidentia, obovata; vix pubefcentia, incifo- the ftalk, flanding on long footftalks, obovate; ferrata, caulina alterna, feffilia, amplexi- {carcely downy, deeply fawed, thofe of the caulia, linearia, extrorfum latiora, remote ftalk alternate, feffile, ftem-clafping, linear, denticulata, denticulis ad bafin crebrioribus outwardly broadeft, diftantly toothed, teeth __ etlongioribus. at the bafe more crowded and longeft. — FLORES pedunculati, terminales, folitariij magni, § FLOWERS ftanding on footítalks, terminal, fingle, fpeciofi. large, and fhewy. PEDUNCULI firiati, fubincraffati. FLOWER-STALKS finely grooved, and fomewhat ‘thickened. CALYX common to all the florets; like a hemifphere flattened, clofely imbricated, exterior fcales oblong-ovate, fomewhat blunt, the margin membranous and brown, interior fcales lan- ceolate and pointed. COROLLA compound and radiate; Centre yellow and convex ; Circumference white and fpread- CALYX communis hemifpherico-planus, ar&te im- bricatus, Íquamis exterioribus oblongo- ovatis, obtufiufculis, margine membranaceis, fufcis, interioribus lanceolatis, acutis. COROLLA compofita, radiata; Di/cusluteus, con- vexus; Radius albus patens. ing. F LORETS Herma hrodite tubular, numerous, fun- nel-{haped, divided into five fegments, in the centre, fig. 1. emalé about 16 in the circumference, oblong, obtufe, three-notch'd, COROLLULA Hermaphrodite, tubulofe, nume- rofe, infundibuliformes, quinquefide, in difco, fig.1. Feminine 16 circiter, in radio, oblonge, obtufe, tricrenate, fig. 5. eu fia p : : ANTHER/E yellow, forming a tube, fig. 2. PISTILLUM of the Hermafhrodite flowers: GEn- MEN oblong, finely grooved, angular, fmooth, fg. 39. Styxe filiform, longer than the flamina ; STIGMATA two, rolled a little back, on the upper part channelled if mag- nified, the tips truncated and thickifh, fig. 4. of the Female flowers, GERMEN and STYLE as in the Hermaphrodite flowers; Sricma fomewhat fimilar, but lefs rolled back, fis. 6. SEED oblong, flenderer towards the bafe, deeply grooved all round, and purplifh black, fg. 7, 9. fig. Q. magn. This fpecies of Chryfanthemum is extremely common in meadows and paftures, fometimes even on walls, and in corn-fields ; it is a hardy perennial, increafes greatly by feed, and flowers in June and July. : As it is fo prevalent in paftures, it is of no fmall confequence to afcertain how far it is agreeable to cattle, and, on fuch occafions, the only guide we have at prefent to confult, are the experiments of LiNN £us; from thofe it appears that kine and {wine refufe it, but that horfes, fheep, and goats feed on it. The frefh leaves chewed, difcover a fweetifh, unpleafant, flightly aromatic tafte, fomewhat like Parfly, but not hot or biting; they have been recommended in diforders of the breaft, both afthmatical and pthifical, and as diuretics, but are now feldom called for. _ As fuch a number of beautiful double varieties of the Common Daify are met with in almoft every garden, it has often been matter of wonder to us, that we never fee this plant in a fimilar ftate: I have indeed been very credibly informed, that two double varieties of this plant exift in a garden near Air in Scotland, but never yet faw them, | ANTHER 4 flave, in tubum coalite, fig. 2. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis: Germen oblongum, ftriatum, angulatum, glabrum, fig. 3. STY- Lus filiformis, flamimibus longior; Sric- MAT A. duo, fubrevoluta, fuperne ad lentem canaliculata, apicibus truncatis, craffiufculis, Sig. 4. Femineis GERMEN et STYLUS ut in Hermaphroditis; Stigma fubfimile, laciniis minus revolutis, £z. 6. SEMEN oblongum, bafi attenuatum, undique pro- funde fulcatum, ex nigro-purpurafcens, fig. 7, 8. fig. 9. auct. X QOO OO qo XQ Q QqQ X X «X «px «XX «p qp P qq «Do G2 Cp Kp «P2 9 C2 GG G2 Cp alent d SATOIg. capiatur ' ity fiia ] yc ^S eu I». ^ 3 ^. TAE. qui * Lir i M use BEA 2 ] ut Assam ae t Bros Peg PVT n MO Der b pi VA dips A 1 Ee. P6 Ja Wi lxx eG UM Saa EO XU Er ete ‘ip ibd "1 PEE LM eA "Bi; tae "és b ee. We n" Bad gh; od all P Ame B37 SJowealy ddl dfeuip . MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA. CoRN FEVERFEW, or | CAMOMILE. MATRICARIA Lin, Gen. Pl. SYNGENEsIA POLYGAMIA SuPERFLUA, Recept. nudum. — Pafpus nullus. Cal. hemifphaericus; imbricatus : marginalibus folidis, acutiufculis. Raii Syn. Gen. 8. Her FLORE COMPOSITO DiSCOiDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO | DESTITUTIS, CORYMBIFERJE DICT, MATRICARIA Chamomilla receptaculis conicis, radiis patentibus, fquamis calycinis margine zequalibus. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. f. 643. Sp. Pl. 5. 1256. Fl. Suec. n. 764. MATRICARIA foliis planis capillaribus, duplicato-pinnatis, pinnulis lanceolatis bifidis trifidifque; Haller. hift. n. 101. CHAMAMELUM vulgare, Leucanthemum Diofcoridis. | Bauh. fin. 135. CHAMAMELUM Gerard. emac. 754. CHAMJEMELUM vulgare Parkinf 85. (qui vulgare cum nobili confundit) Raw Syn. f. 185. | Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 5. 372. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 41. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. * ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, ere&us, ramofus, * STALK a foot, or a foot and a half high, upright; fubangulofus, ftriatus, levis. ‘ branched, fomewhat angular, firiated, and {mooth. . LEAVES of a deep green colour, alternate, feflile, Ímooth, pinnated, the pinn linear, the lower ones fimple, the upper ones branched, the pinnule or fmall pinne fharp and terminat- ing in a fhort point, divaricating, the midrib half a line broad, and keeled. FLOWER STALKS upright, ftriated, naked, a little thickened above. FLOWERS white, the difk of a yellowifh-green colour. CALYX communis hemifphzricus, fquamis plurimis, * CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, imbricatis, obtufiufculis, apice fufcefcentibus, {cales numerous, imbricated, fomewhat ob- fubmembranaceis, longitudine fere tubi flof- $ ^ tufe, the tips brownifh, and a little mem- culorum femineorum in radio, fir. 1. branous, almoft the length of the tube of the female flowers in the circumference, fg. 1. FLOWERS of the radius about 13 in number, female, oblong, a line and a half broad, two-grooved, three-toothed, teeth bluntifh, £z. 2. ST1GMA bifid, yellow, the fegments turned back, jig. 3. FLOWERS of the difk, numerous, tubular, herma- quinquedentati, fz. 4. Sriema bifidum, la- phrodite, five-toothed, fig. 4. STIGMA bifid, cinis reflexis, fig. 5. the fegments turned back, jig. 5 SEMINA numerofa, minuta, pallide fufca, oblonga, * SEEDS numerous, minute, of a pale brown colour, fulcata, fig. 6. : oblong and grooved, fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM oblongum nudum. $ RECEPTACLE oblong and naked. The Matricaria Chamomilla, Anthemis Cotula, and Chryfanthemum inodorum, are three very common plants in the neighbourhood of London; as the two firft are extremely fimilar.in their general appearance, and are often found growing together, we have publifhed them in the fame number, that an opportunity might be afforded of comparing and contrafting them. PARKINSON, deceived by their great fimilarity, makes only one plant of them; Mayweed, fays he, is fo like unto Chamomile, that I muft needs join them together. The ftudent who is acquainted with the mode of inveftigating the generic character of each, will quickly diftinguifh the one from the other; on difleéting the heads, he will find the pointed palez which are fixed to -the receptacle of the Anthemis totally wanting in the Matricaria; but this knowledge, though highly necef- fary, is not fufficient for thofe who would-wifh to know plants at firft fight, which is always defirable; we fhall therefore, in addition to the generic character, point out feveral others, in which they have appeared to us materially to differ from each other. Their place of growth affords but little diftin&ion, they are both natives of corn-fields, both grow in them in the greateft abundance, often together, frequently feparate, nor is it unufual to find them on the confines of dunghills, and by road-fides; they both flower at the fame time, from May to July and Auguft, both are annuals, and grow nearly to the fame height, but in the following particulars they differ: the whole plant in the Matricaria puts on a deep green colour, and fomewhat fhining appearance; the Anthems, on the con- trary, affumes a much paler hue, and the ftalk is often covered with a kind of woolly fubftance: the leaves in the Maíricaria are nearly as fine as thofe of fennel. which they diftantly refemble; in the Anthems they ie po twice as broad, and the points of them, which in the Matricarza are fimple, in the Anthemis are often bifid. The Petals in both thefe plants begin to hang down in the evening, and continue to do fo till morning; but thofe of the Anthemzs are in general much broader than thofe of the Matricaria, and fomewhat fhorter ; but, in this particular, both plants are fubje& to great variation; the difk of the flower in the Anthemzs is not fo prominent, but of a lighter yellow than that of the Matricaria. Such are the charaéters which prefent themfelves to the eye of an accurate obferver, but there is another which will greatly affift to corroborate, confirm, and render it impolfible for the plants to be miftaken, viz. the fmell; if the heads of the Matricaria are bruifed, they. will be found to emit a ftrong fmell, fomewhat refembling the true Chamomile, but not fo pleafant, while the heads of the Anthemis, treated in the fame manner, fmell intolerably difagreeable; another circumftance may alfo be added, the Matricaria is not known to blifter the fkin, in which alone it is perhaps lefs mifchievous to the hufbandman than the other: nor is the chara&er which may be drawn from the feeds to be defpifed, thofe of the Anthemis being broad and truncated at top, wrinkly, and of a deep brown colour when ripe, thofe of the Matrzcaria much fmaller, paler, and different in their fhape, vid. fig. 6. July 7th, we difcovered feveral larve feeding on this fpecies, which produced the Cafida viridis.—Cattle in general refufe the Matricaria.—In Sweden the flowers are ufed medicinally inftead of the Anthemzs nobilis. . Mr. Hupsos, in our opinion, is perfe&ly juftified, in making one plant of thé Matricaria Chamomilla and Juaveolens ;: Mr. Licutroor, in his. Flora Scotica, previoufly fuggefted that they were the fame. We are furprifed that Profeffor Murray fhould adopt a fpecies founded on fuch vague charatters as radiis deflexis and radàs patentibus. FOLIA faturate viridia, alterna, feffilia, levia, pin- nata, pinnislinearibus, inferioribus fimplici- bus, fuperioribus ramofis, pinnulis acutis, mucronatis, divaricatis, cofta femilineam lata, carinata. UNE ere&i, ftriati, nudi, fuperne fubincraf- ati. FLORES albi, difco e luteo-virefcente. ate ake He ae ae te ihe oe iE ae Ae ihe ie ae Ke ae Ke ae aie Tt FLOSCULI radii 13 circiter, feminei, oblongi, fefqui- lineam lati, bifulei, tridentati, dentibus ob- tufiufculis, fg. 2. ST1GMA bifidum, flavum, 5 laciniis reflexis, fig. 3. FLOSCULI diíci, numerofi, tubulofi, hermaphroditi, ste ae ae ste ste tente nde e aE Ke MEAE E ia dert | a igate X N E hs Yu à * n CRT [ ja Tia os e pr qms "té NGA. ad Mni ig 1a : | SUMAR d En ; r- ^N ) ADT pe * Ps D. T WC AN ert tm a. WM. AB => Ad pi Lage à E S rn X vt jecit nde Jj LE pos dir aliq cial e d Uu E "Y i : DE tert; EC x. He A oe : WE. Av Aa dust: j " pita: dissi. 4 lus. N 2 j M y ANTO rue ‘ . deos A. MS its VERNA? * IPTE MN ta ale ie y M ers a ee fav MEWS MAD “ee MR eae A ; ee: 23 ve. is wa y» M AES vo Siege get E RUNE a Aracerara: TOR ve icis ssntieen VICAR Angry TOSS X:B JOG LB de i. 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TRUE : Ho MS OT C ARE oilf volfisumes tuus. grim to. bebichs — "a obs se ea. donet sns CN | esae. ceili 15 ki audis: ii bsvtessb: uova! : VIT aa LIA DEOR 5 atis: got mod) ‘flops paan dian 1 snk alimomsild. lire: sai e yaa: diw- iihsas do -ijleuido Gas sping Jay vom e ott ie erin pk sk - EE eT VISA 2491 apa a16 no ideals q bettiog odd ard ee VINE C MN qilaid. as a0ofi- ,sabalwotxX air aud as oil Wed) aw: aides ayewly ex dore adiit hd T Ee 5 | yes Lor 4 ip het Bi- sow iara diodr xi SEN MM esd ait. oi boi nu Sunt. v. tioidw. üt; ena gio listo us | ME sntpPg sti ot woRibb M I M MELLE ed TTC n o2 leita: dm dt soit sted and chwits drxorg to” eng aot. qui Mirrenpodt: asetgor asilo- baci e Noten "iu | volt drod- qas :sobil- "baci: vd bus afl BOUDELTI "m viréad-worg bas. | dduoloo gis pb & £9 Pug ort oh ade Sag, ond E eink +6 uf. Li a ss » . Ü it ey dapeiti ái ong hed abisitaves ida T TS HON onthe oo no aistit Bak os ERIT HU M SER "pis. fit fh ual hei; wink: etr xat quie. Ls s je a p ^nt dale. Siete nr P xad aiahuoite gs ud " zt QA ze -nmoa. fo: es? eb di. also qu. S d wl meu age : sggafilat. slow 16: mis . Not isch. Siria a itn didi d oif ni Bigm@vars’ s 294 CHEAO € E "4 ——— ' OO EEE SENECIO ERUCAFOLIUS. Hoary Racwor't. SENECIO Lin. Gen. Pl. SyncENESIA PoLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. Pappus fimplex. Ca/. cylindricus, calyculatus* fquarnis apice {phacelatis. | : Rai Syn. Gen. 7. HERBE FLORE COMPOSITO, SEMINE PAPPOSO NON LACTESCENTES FLORE DISCOIDE. ; SENECIO erucefolius corollis radiantibus, foliis pinnatifidis dentatis fubhirtis, caule erecto. Lim Syff. Vegetab. p. 631. Sp. Pl. p. 1218. Fl. Suec. p.750. | JACOBZEA altiffima, foliis erucee artemifizeve fimilibus et emulis. Rupp. Fen. 164. JACOBA Senecionis folio incano perennis. Rai Syn. p. 177. Hoary perennial Ragwort with Goundfelleaves. —Hudfon. Fl. Angl. p. 366. J RADIX perennis, alba, plures turiones craffitie pennz s ROOT' perennial, white, putting forth againft the next anferine, unciales, aut biunciales, fapore in- Y year íeveral fhoots, the thicknefs of a goofe grato, in fequentem annum proferens. i quill, an inch or two inches in length, of a | i difagreeable tafte. CAULIS ere&us, tripedalis, foliofus, rigidus, fubftria- 3STALK upright, three feet high, leafy, rigid, flightly tus, purpureus, lanuginofus. ftriated, purplé'and woolly. Y a FOLIA alterna, femiamplexicaulia, fubtus hirfuta, $ LEAVES alternate, half embracing the ftalk, hairy etiam incana, omnia pinnata feu potius pinna- y underneath, and fometimes white with down, tifida, pinnis linearibus, acutis, dentatis. i all of them pinnated, or rather pinnatifid, the Y pinna linear, pointed and toothed. FLORES lutei, numerofi, corymbofi, magnitudine fere¥ FLOWERS yellow, numerous, almoft the fize of the , do y 20105 Y y Or fi florum Senecionis Jacobzea. Y flowers of the common Ragwort, growing in a corymbus. CALYX communis fub-cylindraceus, fulcatus, fquamis ¥ CALYX common to all the florets, fomewhat cvlindri- y q Y ? ) tredecim, zequalibus, margine. membranaceis, t cal, grooved, fcales thirteen in number, equal, apicibus hirfuto-glandulofis, nulla nigredine Y membranous at the edge, the tips hairy and tinctis, fquamulis paucis linearibus adpreflis ad y fomewhat glandular, not tinged with black, bafin, fig. 1. Y furnifhed with a few linear ícales at the bafe, | , which are prefied clofe, jig. 1. COROLLA compofita, radiata, Plofculi feminei in radio f COROLLA compound and radiate, Female flowers in tredecim circiter, patentes, oblongi, obfolete Y the circumference about thirteen in number, tridentati, fig. 2. Hermapbroditi numerofi in y {preading, oblong, faintly three-toothed, fig. 2. difco, limbo quinquefido, fuberecto, fig. 3. Hermaphrodite flowers in the center numerous, the limb divided into five fegments and nearly upright, jig. 3. STAMINA: Firamenta quinque capillaria. An- {STAMINA : five capillary Firaments. ANTHERJE THER in cylindrum coalite, fe. 5. Y united, and forming a cylinder, jig. 5. - SEMEN oblongum, hifpidulum, pappo fedfili, fimplici SEED oblong, a little hifpid, furnifhed with feffile, inftructum, jig. 6. y fimple down, fg. 6. 46444444 4é We have no doubt but the plant here figured is the "facobera Senecionis folio incano perennis of Ray's Syncpfis, ed. 3. p. 177. It certainly hasa lefs jagged, and more groundfel-like leaf, than the common Ragwort. Its leaves and ftalks are alfo in general hoary, efpecially the latter * ; and {o far the defcription difcriminates; but why perennis ? fince both the aguaticus and Facobea, with which it has the greateft affinity, are confidered as perennial. We believe alfo, that our plant is the facobea altifima, foliis Eruce artemifieve fimilibus et emulis of Ruppius Fl. Fen. ed. Hal. p. 176. And as this defcriptive name appears among thofe which Linnaus applies to his Eruceefolius, we confider ourfelves warranted in adopting his name of Erucefolius. Baron Hatter, who oftener makes fpecies of varieties, than varieties of fpecies, in the prefent inftance confiders this plant as a variety only of the Yacoóza. Profeflor Jacouiw, in his Flora Aujfiriaca, gives a figure and defcription of a Senecio, which he calls zena/folius ; but as he adduces no fynonyms, and as his figure differsin fome refpect from our plant, though we ftrongly fuipect it to be the fame, we dare not confider it as fuch. The Senecio Erucefoltus, though not fo common as the Yacodea, is not unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London in certain fituations, particularly in the environs of woods, under hedges, among bufhes, &c. and no where more abundant than about the Oak of Honour Wood, near Peckham. The Facebea, on the contrary, delights to grow in open hilly paftures, church-yards, by road fides every where: nor do thefe pleats differ lefs in their ufual period of flowering; the Erucefolius flowering chiefly in Auguft, a month later than the othe HOSTIS * This hoarinefs is moft obfervable when the plant is young, or when it grows in a woody and hilly fituation, which it chiefly affects. When it is found in a moiítíoil, or cultivated in a giden, itiofes this character, in common with many other plants of the fame cias. EES Wey tea: bo MOU ae E 1 NEL ub JAM Aa Ey z 5 , b 24 * ctt i e len aeg i 1 X Ecce AI AUR eoe o MEM pesi Sy ‘ 3 irre mpeenrel | img " i T EA : I * : 2 : VS 1 vitae dgio n a AE AEN CS ; dive) e k: d El La z : z $t ià LAE M ED. ME ug j j f. ce Aa Jove eek fot: » us : P : : J t^ Wb ek TE eee ots vobi x1 Lio a a m: tal 1) visa tiui R eS Y p sd Rd aba ph om | TL ass. Oncuis LaATIFOLIA. MarsH OrcHIS. © ORCHIS Lin. Gen. Pi. Gunknone D1iANDRIA, Nectarvum corniforme pone florem; ‘Raw Syn. Hers Burisosis ÁrriNzs. ORCHIS /aizfolia bulbis fubpalmatis reGtis, neGarii cornü conico: labio trilobo láteralibus reflexo, m flore longioribus. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. ed. 14. 9. 810. Sp. Pl. 1334. Fl. Suec. n. 801. | ib" ; ORCHIS radicibus palmatis, caule fiftulofo, braé&teis maximis, labello trifido ferrato: medio fegmento obtufo. Haller. hit. 1279. t. 32. 7 ORCHIS latifolia. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1118. ORCHIS palmata pratenfis latifolia, longis calcaribus. Bau. Pin. 85. PALMA CHRISTI mas. Ger. emac. 220. ORCHIS palmata mas f. Palma Chrifti mas. Park. 1356. ORCHIS palmata non maculata. 4, B. Il. 774. Raii Syn. p. 380. The Male-Handed Orchis, or Male Satyrion Royal. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 516. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 385. - RADIX bulbofa, bulbis palmatis. ROOT bulbous, bulbs palmated, or handed. CAULIS plerumque pedalis aut fefquipedalis; ad apicem fere foliofus, craffus, fiftulofus, fu- perne fubangulofus, glaber. STALK ufually a foot or a foot and a half high, leafy almoft to the top, thick, hollow, fome- what angular above, perfe&ly fmooth. FOLIA e flavo. viridia, fubere&a, glabra, nobifcum immaculata, plerifque hujus generis et lon- giora et latiora. LEAVES of a yellowifh-green colour, nearly up- right, {mooth, fpotlefs with us, and both longer and broader than moft of this tribe. FLORES nobifcum fepius rofei feu carnei, fepe purpurei, raro albi, fpicati, conferti. FLOWERS with us for the moft part rofe or flefh- coloured, often purple, rarely white, grow- ing in a fpike thickly together. SPICA fubovata, foliofa. SPIKE fomewhat ovate, and leafy. BRACTE/E magne, acuminate, colorate, fig. 1. FLORAL-LEAVES large, long-pointed, and co- loured, jig. 1. COROLLA pentapetalous, the two outermoft ovato- lanceolate, nearly upright, {potted a little, fig. 3. the innermoft clofing together, fig. 4. the Sfur fhorter than the germen, conical, incurved, and blunt. COROLLA: petala quinque, duo exteriora ovato- lanceolata, fuberecta, parum maculata, fig. 3. interiora conniventia, fig. 4. Calcar ger- mine brevius, conicum, incurvum, obtufum. NECTARY faintly three-lob'd, beautifully variegated with fmall lines and dots of a deeper co- lour, the fides reflexed with age, fig. 2. NECTARIUM obfolete trilobum lineolis et punétis faturatioribus pulchre variegatum, lateribus per etatem reflexis, fig. 2. STAMINA: Fitamenta duo; ANTHER# fub- rotundo-clavate, e luteo-virefcentes, jig. 5. auct, STAMINA: two FiLAMENTS ; ANTHER& roundifh, club-fhaped, of a yellowifh-green colour, Jig: 5. magnified. DO OD OQ Oo ooo ede OG Qo e «Qr BOOP IP Hp Cp pp The Orchis Latifolia is particularly diftinguifhed from the others, by growing (with us at leaft) only in very wet meadows, where Valeriana dioica, Menyanthes trifoliata, and Lychnis Flos Cuculz, ufually abound, and from which circumftance, we have called it Mar/h Orchis, by its fpotlefs foliage, which is of a yellowifh- green colour, and by the uncommon length of the floral leaves, which give the {pike a very leafy appearance. It comes neareft to the maculata: Haixer reprefents the leaves fomewhat fpotted, and Linn aus defcribes them arum maculata; we do not find them fo in the neighbourhood of London; but probably they may be fo in other places: fhould that be the cafe, thefe two plants will approach ftill nearer to each other. With us, pink is the moft predominant colour of its bloffoms, though they are frequently found purple, and fometimes white ; even in the fame meadow. We need go no further than Batterfea-Meadows to find this plant in tolerable abundance; at a greater diftance from town it will be found much more plentifully; it flowers towards the latter end of May. It is more eafily cultivated than many of the fame genus, and if planted in a moift border, in a mixture of bog earth and loam, will grow to a much greater fize than is reprefented on the plate. Ld S SHALE v G3. d a 4 "Y ie l4 t P e n a: NM : OPI oe T P RES eed y hy n | ui : lero ind; Lo cuin " dA opt dn he n kc "s Sd . THER p LESSE reae 4g io eee ree eae y M er A4 wd VT d aur a D. E "690-02 001 ae a m eee uon Gic pie E RO ; LES Y eregne: A 4 Crab . Tan ve ge i5 jee Pee Los messa nan P vt han D ks B e SPARGANIUM RAMOSÜM. Great Bur: REED. SPARGANIUM Jin. Gen. Pl. Mon Lm TRIANDRIA. Masc, mentum fopra du Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Bpnentug "SHOES Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. o. ] Stigma 2- nde. DE exfucca, 1- "perma. | Rau Syn. GRAMINIFOLLE NON CULMIFERJE SINGULARES ET SUI GENERIS. | E SPARGANIUM vatmofum folis bafi | uangularibus, lateribus concavis, pedunculis ramofis. E SPARGANIUM M. foliis erectis NK M Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. Pl. f. 1378. ‘Fi. Suec. n. 831. d ^ SPARGANIUM caule foltifque ere&is.! Haller hij. 13034 SPARGANIUM .ere&um. nu Fl. Carn. n.1146. $2 4 SPARGANIUM ramofüm. Bauh. Pin. 15. Ger. emac. 45. — Parkinf. 1205. Rai Syn. 437. Branched Bur-Reed. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. b. 401. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. P. 599. RADIX perennis, repens, radiculis fibrillis numero- : ROOT perennial, and creeping, the {mall roots. ‘fiflimis inftruétis. furnifhed with very numerous fibres. CULMUS bipedalis, tripedalis, et ultra, ere&us, 3 STALK two, three feet high, or more, upright, teres, glaber, foliofus, foliis tribus circiter, § | round, fmooth, leafy, leaves about three in preter bracteas. ? number befides the floral leaves. FOLIA radicalia ere&a, faturate viridia, culmo duplo $ LEAVES next the root upright, of a deep green co- fere longiora, bafi vaginantia, équitantia, lour, almoft twice the length of the ftem, paulo fupra bafin fere ad apicem ufque tri- Íheathy at bottom and riding one on the quetra, latere interiore planiufculo, duobus ' other, from. the bafe nearly, almoft to the exterloribus concavis, top three- cornered, the inner fide almoft flat, the two outermoft hollow. FLORAL-LEAVES about four in number, fome- what like the leaves of the ftalk, the lower- molt longeft. FLOWERS monoicous, formed into little heads, and growing in fpikes. FLOWER-STALKS growing from the bofoms of the leaves, alternate, crooked, fupporting many flowers, the little heads feffile, the lowermoft ones female, two or three in number, the uppermoft ones male, and more numerous; the uppermoft flower-ftalks bear only male flowers. "J CALYX. of the Male Flowers . One common roundifh Catkin, clofely imbricated on every fide, and compofed of numerous zndtvidual Perzanthia, . confifting for the moft part of three eaves! - linear at the bafe, ovate and pointed at top, f and deciduous, jig. 1. magnified. COROLLA none. STAMINA: ufualy three capillary Firaments, the length of the calyx; ANTHERA oblong, yellow, fig. 2. CALYX of the Female Flowers. A Perianthium as in the males, but broader at the bafe, more concave, and not deciduous, jig. 3. -PISTILLUM : GznMEN oblongo-ovate, angular, terminating in a fhort tapering STYLE; Stigma oblong, villous on one fide, jig. 4. BRACTE quatuor circiter, foliis caulinis fubfimiles, inferioribus longioribus. FLORES monoici, in capitula colle&i, fpicati. PEDUNCULI axillares, alterni, flexuofi, -multiflori, capitulis fefhlibus, inferioribus femineis, duobus aut tribus, faperioribus mafculis plu- rus; pedunculi fupremi. flores mafculos tantum gerunt. CALYX Flor. Mafc. Amentum commune, fubro- tundum, undique denfiflime imbricatum, conftans Perianthiis Proprius plerumque tri- phyllis, bafi linearibus, apice ovato- acutis, deciduis, fig. 1. auct. COROLLA nulla STAMINA: FILAMENTA plerumque tria, capillaria, longitudine calycis; ANTHER# oblongz, flavee, fg. 2. - CALYX Flor.Fem. Perianthium ut in mafculo, at. bafi latior, magis concavus, nec deciduus, PISTILLUM: GrzRMEN oblongo-ovatum, Tm tum, definens in STYLUM even fubula- tum ; STIGMA oblongum ad unum latus villofam, ig. ^ PERICARPIUM: DnurA exfucca, turbinata cum F SEED-VESSEL : a juicelefs Dnau»z, turban-fhaped acumine, inferne angulata, jig. 5. and pointed ; angular eleg. fi. 5 SEMEN: Nuces due, oflez, oblongo-ovate, fig. 6._ ki SEEDS: two bony Nurs, of an oblong ne fhape, ol fa. 6 Oo Soe So. TSO OER 17. ters \ MEET The Sparg ganzum ramofum having a very flrong creeping root, is one of thofe plants which very foon fill tip a ditch or piece of water, if fuffered to remain unmolefted; we have not feen it more e plentiful any where than-in the Ile of Dogs, the ditches of which are full of it. We know of no ufe to which it is applicable. The ftalk is liable to be eaten by fome kind of larva whofe hiftory we have not yet difcovered, the leaves by the larva of a Tenthredo unknown to us, as well as by the larva of the Phalena Feftucee—two of. which in their Chryfalis ftate, we this’ year, Auguft 24, 1786, found in a web under the leaves of the plant, in a pond near Malden in Effex; and on the leayes of the fame plant, at the fame time and place, Dr. Goopzsovcu and myfelf were fo f ortunate as to find two, pecimens of that rare infect the Spheax fifipes Linnet. The male flowers vary much in the ee of their flamina; and both forts in the number of the leàves of the calyx. In treating of the Typha latifolia, we promifed, when we gave a figure of this pl ant, to inform our readers whether 1ts feeds vegetated : we dec eee bertus opportunity of obferving one of its heads, as it lay in a wet fituation, a lume a green colour, which, on a careful examination, it was found to owe to the feeds having juft begun to vegetate, > HE J Sowerby ded. et fu. (2 4 rq FUP et "A 342 tam 1 4 6 OST RPUUUT eese = vege eee a J. Somerby delet feud. SPARGANIUM SIMPLEX. SMALL BurR-REED. SPARGANIUM Zin. Gen. Pl. Monoecta TRIANDRIA. Masc. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 9:phyllus, Cor. o. F#m. Amentum fubrotundum. Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor.o. Stigiia 2-fidum. Drupa ex fucca, 1-fperma. Rau Syn. GRAMINIFOLIZ NON CULMIFER £ SINGULARES ET SUI GENERIS; SPARGANIUM Simplex foliis bafi triangularibus, lateribus planis, pedunculis fimplicibus; SPARGANIUM fimplex foliis enfiformibus planis, caule fimplici, Hud/on Fl. Angl. 5. 401. SPARGANIUM mafans folis decumbentibus planis, Lin. Sy. Vegetab. p. 702. Sp. Pl. 1378. SPARGANIUM nonramofum. Bauh. Pin. 15. SPARGANIUM non ramofum. Parkin/. 1205. Rati Syn. f. 437. n. 2, 3. But:teed not branched. Linn £us makes only two fpecies of the genus Sparganium, one of which he calls ereffum, and the othet natans; the former he defcribes as very common in ditches and fifh-ponds, the latter peculiar to lakes and deep waters. | | Older Botanifts defcribe three fpecies, the ramofum, the non ramofum, and the minimum ; the non ramofum Linn us confiders as a variety of his ereftum ; it is this plant which we here give a figure of, from a thorough conviction of its being a fpecies perfe&ly diftin& from the common one, whether it differs fpecifically from the natans we do not take on us at prefent to determine: Mr. Ligutroor, who has feen the natans in many places in Scotland, pronounces it a fpecies; Mr. Hupson, on the contrary, confiders it as a variety of the prefent plant;—certain it is, foil and fituation will occafion an amazing difference in the appearance of plants; we need only look at the Polygonum amphibium to be convinced of this; when it grows on land its leaves are all ere&t, in the water they float; the leaves. of the Fefuca fluitans float in the {pring ; as the fummer advances they grow upright; poffibly the depth and confequent coldnefs of the water, with other circumftances, may occafion the prefent plant to affume the floating appearance which authors defcribe :—= culture, perhaps, can only decide this matter :—let the experiment turn out as it may, as there are found to be two fpecies with ere& leaves, it became neceffary to alter Linn 2us’s names, which Mr. Hupson having judicioufly done we have adopted them. | hs? We fhall now point out the feveral charaéters in which the prefent plant has appeared to us to differ from the ramofum. | It differs in its place of growth, In its fize, In the colour and fhape of its leaves, In the branchednefs of its flower-ftalks, and In the colour of the male and female flowers. The commom Bur-Reed grows in almoft every ditch in the neighbourhood of London, the fmall óne on the contrary is found only in particular fpots, particularly in fuch pools of water as one meets with on heaths, and which are frequently made by the digging of gravel, along with the Myriofhyllum, the Alifma Damafonium, Syon inundatum, Scirpus fluitans, &c. It particularly abounds on Batterfea Common, jut before you enter Wandfworth on the left-hand fide from London, and flowers during thé whole of the fummer. | It is feldom found more than one fourth part fo high as the Ssarganium ramofum. The leaves incline much more to a yellow colour, and inflead of being hollow on two fides near the bafe, as thofe of the ramofum are, they are flat, fo that a tranfverfe fe&tion forms a triangle with nearly plain fides; we look on this as its beft fpecific chara&ter. Such as have opportunities of obferving the natans, will do well to obferve whether its leaves are fimilar near the bafe. Each flower-ftalk fupports only a fingle globule of male or female flowers; the lowermoft which fupport the female flowers vary confiderably in length, being fometimes more than an inch long; and at other times feffile. The flowers before they blow look yellow, and have none of that blacknefs about them, fo confpicuous in thofe of the ramo/um : they are alfo larger 3n proportion. | "EX. AW a \ A VARS eae SMS eal S " E W "e wo any E Mo Dx ROWE I4 Qul dd APORTES o rat Roc Bc ci S E e A s : i _ Mis oupalpt oet: kein 22 ; [ TR cie dois st lO Oka | ise ah AGE UA isle DU qu T MM. dra ba dans deber vrac eis 5 TETSEQ MUI T uibs wb qois got sin STOP i CEP do. TARE ro qii Jokes, Illes wi bia ita | Tor a HALO aan emsasosmd 4 s j ju Rte Lew 4 orc idi boiqobs vee ab alec d er AE ee ea ee ge w e od gt td n vy pees |a 3 33625 DAL yc d Ux Pr gs eer pM rS he med Heh 1 "TA 1 Po EN. Bagh elit : toh NL ne ve d * 4 vr (igs nt Rib we ^ Sam LV " i B Y | dE nia Li i 15 VAN. AP, a f "HOP ; E iN : P abis. gro, opel Pow Me, , s b a " » = EN" m 1 "m UE $0433 E ake eee "gw bs 3 3 ! 1 A J Sowerby dei et feudo. MERCURIALIS ANNUA. ANNUAL, or FRENCH MERCURY, | MERCURIALIS Ln: Gen. PL Diorcia ENNEANDRIA. - | | Masc. Cal. g-partitus. Cor. o. Stam. 9-f. ig. Antherae globofz - didyme. ^ BOTE o nac adi 707169 fe eae S. gn Fam. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. o: Stylt 2. Cap/. dicocca, 2-locülaris;. ] "AT. zi 1-fpe tma. " MERCURIALIS mua caule brathiato, foliis glabris, floribus fpicatis, Litt. Sy/t. Vegetab. p. 746: | Spee. Pl. p. 1465. | MERCURIALIS caule annuo, 'brachiato, foliis conjugatis, ovato lanceolatis, glabris. Haller Aft. - “i |. . 1600. f MERCURIALIS Gynocrambe Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 1226. a MERCURIALIS " eibi five mas Diofc. et Plinii. Bauhinpin.igis ———— MERCURIALIS Gurcata: five femina, Diofc. et Plinii. Bawhin pin. 121; MERCURIALIS - vulgaris mas et M Park. 295. [a MERCURIALIS "mad cC jefe f Ger whine. 332. MERCURIALIS annua glabra vulgaris. Rati Syn. b. 139. French Mercury, the male and female, | Hud/fon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. b. 495. ay RADIX annua, fibrofa, alba. . , * ROOT annual, fibrous, of a white colour. CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, erectus, glaber, = STALK a foot or a foot and a half high, upright; ad bafin ufque ramofus, geniculatus, geniculis fmooth, branched quite to the bottom, incraflatis, fubcomprellis, anceps, idque jointed, the joints fwelled, and fomewhat alterne. ; flattened, a prominent line runs on each fide of the ftalk, from one joint to another; and that alternately. BRANCHES alternately oppofite, leafy, fomewhat like the ftalk. LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on footítalks, ovate, -bluntifh, fpreading, having two glands at the bafe, obtufely ferrated, if magnified edged with hairs, fmooth on each fide, fomewhat glofly, and veiny. LEAF-STALKS much fhorter than the leaves; ee tty cata, a n Meg, ata ua Na, asl! v Aa a P Ae ERU EI Ue d RAMI alterne oppofiti, foliofi, cauli fubfimiles. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, obtufiufcula, pa- tentia, bafi biglandulofa, obtufe ferrata, ad . lentem ciliata, utrinque glabra, lucidiufcula, venofa. PETIOLI folis fult breviores, glabri, fupra cana- Lettere nte eq ake enge rende ete liculati.... u {mooth, channelled above. , STIPUL/E quatuor, ad genicula, utrinque. bine, $ STIPUL four at each Joint, two on each fide, very minima. minute. PEDUNCULI florum mate. axillares, oppofiti, ereéti, nudi, filiformes, folus longiores, fubtetra- .goni, fuperne proferentes glomerulos plures florum, feffiles, odore farhbuci. FLOWER-STALKS of the male flowers axillary; oppofite, upright, naked, filiform, longer than the leaves, fomewhat four-cornered;. producing towards the top, feveral round, {effile, {mall clufters of flowers, having the {mell of elder. CALYX: a PERiantuium deeply divided into three fegments, which are ovate, pointed, and fpreading, jig. 1. COROLLA wanting. . STAMINA: generally nine FrtAMENTS, white and very fine; ANTHER# double, and yellow, SN vy S M a Aur Y uu E n EL S ERE at CALYX: PertaNTHIUM tripartitum, foliolis ovatis, acutis, patentibus, Jv. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: FitAMzNTA plerumque novem, alba, capillaria; ANT HER &.didyme, flave, fiz. 2. FLORES F/EMINEI in diftin&a planta. PEDUNCULI axillares, foliis breviores, feepius biflori, inter flores fzemineos aliquando obfervatur mafculus imperfe&tus, longius productus. ^ "o. ST UK E on a feparate plant. FLOWER-STALKS axillary, fhorter than the leaves; generally fuftaining two flowers ; among the female flowers we fometimes find an imper- fe€t male flower ftanding on a longer foot- s C SENS. 7 ry MA NN y t Ae re tke ate oe ate nie ais ale e tu e nie aie aie Ee E Y INI EE Hi ftalk, CALYX utin mare, nifi quod foliola paulo minora, # CALYX as in the male, except that the leaves are a fa. 3 i little fmaller, fg. 3. COROLLA nulla. à COROLLA wanting. NECTARIA duo, fubulata, utrinque ad latus ger- # NECTARIES two, tapering, one growing fingly on minis folitaria, fig. 4. a each fide of the germen, iz. 4 PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, didymum, $ PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, doubled flattened; compreffum, hifpidum ; Srvrus vix ullus ; = hifpid; SrYrLzfcarce any; STIEMATA two, STIGMATA duo, fubulata, patentia, longitu- & tapering, fpreading, on the upper fide hifpid - dinaliter fuperne hifpida, fg. 5. * lengthwife, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM: Carsu a didyma, echhinata, bilo. £SEED-VESSEL a twin CapsuLe, prickly, haviug __cularis. a cn two cavities. SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento globofum, * SEED one in each cavity, globular, chefnut coloured JJ extus caftaneum, intus album. & without, white within. We can difcover no fatisfactory reafon for calling this fpecies by the name of French Mercury, as it 1s not peculiar to France, but found with us, in a variety of places: Ray mentions it as growing plentifully on the fea-beach, near Ryde, in the Ifle of Wight ; and Parkinson, neara village called Brookeland, in Romney- Marth, Kent: it would appear to be more common now than formerly, as we very frequently meet with it in wafte places, by the fides of roads, and in negleéted gardens, in the neighbourhood of London. . The L| The Dogs Mercury was at one period thought to be an innocent plant, its poifonous qualities were dilcovered by accident: the Annual, or French Mercury, has, at prefent, the reputation of being nat only . harmlefs, but to poffefs medicinal virtues ; it is of fome confequence then for us rightly to diftinguifh the two, and in this there is little difficulty. The Dogs Mercury has a flrong, creeping, perennial root; this an annual one: the Dogs Mercury flowers only in the Spring; this the whole Summer long; the Dogs Mercury has an unbranched ítem ; this a flalk branched down to the bottom. | The Annual Mercury has been ranked among the emollient oleraceous herbs; it is faid gently to loofen the belly ; its principal ufe has been in glyfters. : | The whole plant, particularly when in flower, has a flrong fmell of Elder. The fine blue colour which the Dogs Mercury acquires in drying, has induced feveral perfons to believe, that the plant, if properly treated, might be made, as well as many others, to produce Indigo : this induced Mr. MaciNTOSH, an ingenious young gentleman of Glafgow, to make the following chemical analyfis of it, with which he was fo obliging as to favour me; and though it does not come under the proper plant, we . apprehend no apology will be neceffary for inferting it here. * The whole plant, on being put into water, gives out a fine blue colour, which is immediately changed into a green by the addition of an alcali; but an acid has not the power of changing its colour into red, as it does moft blue liquors, it only weakens the blue, and ifa large quantity be added, it nearly deftroys it. "The whole plant, on being dried, affumes a blue colour, which it gives out readily to water; but in all cafes, if a boiling heat be ufed, it only acquires a deep dirty green, which changes gradually into a brownifh red. Upon agitating violently the blue liquor, I always found it was changed into a brown colour, the blue being entirely loft, and not to be recovered by any means I could fall upon. There falls during this procefs, a {mall quantity of precipitate, which is alfo brown. If the blue liquor be evaporated, the whole 1s likewife changed into the fame brownifh colour, and a fimilar precipitate falls, which, on being put into water, gives it a dark red colour. Newly-flacked lime put into the blue liquor, firft changes it into a green, which is very foon after deflroyed. I have obferved in the beginning of the evaporation, a blue fecula upon the fides of the veffel, but always before the end of the procefs, the-whole was of the brownifh colour mentioned above." : [14 n UT f ?$. T " ———— —r camper aod ey eee malar rca tado d . ^ us z8-08 9f NI ion Bp 1o. hist HM "to 5 bito. Bak. wilt züoblet owe: 16 * | [9 UpImOo ve AT RI Pt day OE oi sitit « t2 x Quy 4 ests es x to ee mS phas Y ages Rae hy ; v] De pio der ay, PUER SPIRES VD DID ^ NBR EAR ES Lx rA zi iiic a be L. í »3 D eke a pees NOE iy RE 1 : m of * 6j (Y23U550"91: » M e om Bases ms A T Y $ 1 UE, = ADU v bacot eral... dh Arden * UM LA SCR, VIUA e wah jt "u Bio S5 tuo 241 niue a MATOS SEMINE INT CUTS EHE SN USES 1% ee, date Be AL 4 > AGARICUS AURANTIUs. Orance Mosunoow. AGARICUS Ziznei Gen. Pl Cryprocamia Funct. Fungus horizontalis fubtus lamellofus. Rai Syn. Gen 1. Funct. AGARICUS auraptius pileo conico vifcido aurantio, lamellis luteis, füpite nudo, Lightfoot. Hhr. Scot. f. 1025. AMANITA glutinofus, flavus, pileo umbonato, Haller. bjff. n. 2420. FUNGUS parvus, lubricus, aureus, lamellis raris, amplioribus, pediculo craffore. Mich. 5. 147. FUNGUS aurantii coloris capitulo in conum abeunte. Vaillant Bot. Par. p. 67. FUNGUS pratenfis minor, externe vifcidus, ftriis fubtus fulvis feu croceis. Rais Syn. 5. 8. 1. 38. ? In pafcuis elatioribus folitarius plerumque invenitur, fat y Found plentifully enough with us in elevated paftures, copiofe nobifcum. Y and for the moft part fingly. Y | STIPES uncialis, ad triuncialem, nudus, fiftulofus, fra- $ STALK from one to three inches high, naked, hollow, gilis, et admodum fiffilis, craffiufculus, fubtili- $ brittle, and much difpofed to fplit, thickifh, ter ftriatus, levis, faepe tortuofus, plerumque i finely ftriated, fmooth, often twifted, and for croceus. z the moft part faffron-coloured. PILEUS uncialis, aut biuncialis, raro triuncialis, utplu- ¥ STALK one or two, feldom three inches broad, gene- rimum conicus, przefertim in junioribus, lubri- Y rally conical, efpecially when young, flippery, cus, et fubvifcidus, primo coccineus, dein f and fomewhat clammy, at firft of a bright croceus, feu aurantius, demum niger; non- ¥ {carlet colour, then faffron or orange-coloured, null formam conicam retinent ufque ad diffo- : and finally black; fome preferve their conical lutionem, alii plani fiunt verticetumefcente. — Y form even in decay, others become flat with a Y prominent crown. , Y LAMELLAZE primo albide, dein faeioces, ficontun- GILLS firft whitifh, afterwards fomewhat faffron- dantur ftatim nigrefcentes. coloured, on being bruifed quickly becoming black. A€X€4€ * As this Fungus is fo diftinguifhable for its colours, fo diftin&tin its fpecific characters, and withal fo common, it is matter of admiration that we do not find more notice taken of it by Authors. Mr. LicHrroor in his Flora Scotica has given an accurate defcription of it, which cannot fail of making it known: he quotes ScHAEFFER'S figure, which reprefents our plant, and adopts his name of aurantius. Mr. Hupson does not mention it; and we are not certain whether the plant we refer to in Ray beoursor not. As well as Mr. LiGg rFoor, we had our doubts whether it was the fragilis of LiNN aus; but confidering his defcription, as well as that of VA1traAwT, who gives a figure to which Linn aus refers, we are certain it muft be a different plant. If the fragilis of Mr. Hupson be the fragilis of Linnmus, it is a very different plant from ours indeed. Vid. Scumrr. Ic. tab. 230. to which he refers. ; This Fungus is by no means uncommon in elevated paftures, particularly where Eye-bright grows. — It is ufually dwarfifh on heaths; but where the grafs is not clofe fed, it is found with a ftalk three inches high. The brilliancy of its colour foon ftrikes the eye. We may obferve, that this colour is moft vivid, or moft inclined to red in the young ones. As it grows old, it becomes yellower, and quickly changes quite black. Indeed it hasan extraordinary tendency to turn black, not only from age, but from the flighteft bruife. — The ftalk is alfo brittle, and very apt to fplit. L It is found in perfection about the middle of September. It does not poffeís any particular acrimony; but is not numbered with fuch as may be eaten with fafety. : : 206 Id P 77722 as Sewerby ae7. ejelp. SD ^ " a pe AA m m A 5 ve " SEU ete en du d Phot gy! or cores I T a "Veg Mex. "A Mya € if li ded et fizdp. J Jon AGARICUS HRUGINOSUs. VERDIGRIS MUSHROOM. AGARICUS Linnea: Gen. Pl. CayetoGamia Funct. Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus. Rai Syn. Gen. 1. Funct. AGARICUS eruginofus ftipitatus, annulatus, annulo fuperne nigricante ; pileo convexo, czruleo, viridi, vifcofo, lamellis purpureo- fufcis. AGARICUS viridis ftipitatus pileo convexo viridi, lamellis albidis, füpite longo virefcente, Hudfon Fi. Angl. p. 614. AMANITA anulatus, pileo convexo ceruleo viridi, lamellis rofeo ceruleis. Headler. bifi. n. 2444. FUNGUS medius pileo muco zruginei coloris obdu&to. — Ra/z Syn. ed, 3.5.6. Deering Catal, Stirb. p. 80. FUNGUS pileolo cucullato, vifcido, intenfe viridi, et quafi vernigine oblito, inferne lamellis et pediculo albis. Micheli p. 152. AGARICUS. Schaef. Icon. tab. 1. Solitarius, et czfpitofus in fylvis et pafcuis nafcitur, Grows fingly, and in clufters, in woods and paftures, rarior nobifcum. i Ícarce with us. STIPES biuncialis, feu triuncialis, ex albo virefcens, $ STALK. two or three inches high, of.a greenifh white fiftulofus, annulatus, infra annulum Hloc- Y colour, hollow, ruffled, below the ruflle cofus, teres, fubfragilis, fupra annulum lzvis, y fhagsy, round, fomewhat brittle, above the fubftriatus, ad bafin lanuginofus, raro ftri&tus. Y ruffle {mooth, and [lightly ftriated, at*the i bafe woolly, feldom perfe&ly ftraight. ANNULUS perfiftens, tenuis, fuperne ftriatus, e fufco$ RUFFLE permanent, flender, on the upper fide ftriated nigricans, inferne virefcens. i and of a blackifh purple colour, on the under ¥ fide greenifh. PILEUS unciam aut duas latus, primo convexo-conicus, Y CAP from one to two inches broad, at firft fomewhat ex cerulzo-viridis, lubricus et fubviícidus, $ roundifh, yet conical, the colour of verdigris, levis, prope marginem et in margine ipfa ¥ flippery and fomewhat vifcid, fmooth, except floccis albidis adíperfus, demum planus aut y near the edge, and on the edge itfelf, where it parum concavus, e fufco-lutefcens, cuticulaf . is covered with a whitifh, fhaggy fubftance, facile feparanda. Y finally flat, or a little concave, of a yellowifh , Y brown colour, the cuticle eafily peeled off. LAMELLZE numerofz, brevioribus interjectis, e fufco- 3 GILLS numerous, with fhorter ones intervening, of a purpurafcentes, parum nebulofe, demum ni- Y brownifh purple colour, a little clouded, gricantes, | Y finally blackifh. Amidft that variety of colour obfervable in the Fungi, there are few in which the green predominates fo much as : in the prefent fpecies: hence it affords an obvious character. But, alas! in thefe plants of a day, we muft not lay too much ftrefs on colour: nimium ne crede colori cannot be better applied to anyfubjeQ. It is, however, chiefly in its decline that it lofes that verdigris green, which on its firft appearance renders it fo confpicuous, the cap being often found of a pale yellowith brown colour, and fometimes variegated with green, yellow, and black. The vifcidity of the cap 1s as conftant a character as its green colour, and this alfo is moft obfervable in the young ones, efpecially in the morning, or in fhowery weather; for in a very dry atmofphere the moft vifcid Fungi lofe their vifcidity. Next to the greenefs and vifcidity of the cap, we may remark, that the edge of it, where it breaks from the ' annulus, is very apt to be ragged: we have alfo found, that the outer {kin of the cap has an unufual tendency to feparate from the flefh. ‘The gills, from the very beginning, are of a purplifh brown colour; and the annulus or ruffle, while connected to the edge of the pileus, receives from the gills a fine powder, which communicates to the upper part of ita dark brown tint; this, contrafted with the light colour on the underfide, forms a very confpicuous character. The ftalk below the ruffle is ufually of a blueifh green colour, and fhagey. This Fungus is not very common with us. Several of them appeared this autumn, in a grafs plat in my garden ; and | have obferved twenty or thirty in Earl Mansfield’s little wood near the Spaniard, Hampftead-Heath, where, if the feafon be not remarkably unfavourable, they are with certainty to be found about the middle of September. It has no acrid or difagreeable tafte; nevertheleís, we do not venture to pronounce it an eatable one. Ray’s defcription, though a fhort one, and Scumrrer’s figure, accord exactly with our plant. HarLER quotes SCHEFFER: we therefore conclude from that circumftance, as well as from the confonancy of his defcription, that our plant is the fame as his; and Micuexrr, who is alfo quoted by Hatter, gives a defeription fo exactly correfponding with Ray’s, that we have no doubt but his alfo is the fame as ours. Whether our plant be the viridis of Mr. Hupson, we have our doubts; for he quotes authors who defcribe two different rungi; at the fame time that he quotes Scua@rrer, fab. 1, (our plant), and HALLEm, 7. 2444, (our plant), he refers to Micnzrr, Ray, and ScoPoLr, who defcribe another Fungus. Scorori gives to his the name of virezs; part of his DrAGN. is Stipes nudus. Ray quotes the Fungus magnus viridis of S'TERBECK, and the fylvarum afper efculentus, feu ex albo virefcens of J. BaumiwE: and Micnzzrr thus defcribes his, Fungus efculentus, pileo pulvinato, viridi, inferne cum pedj- culo algo. ‘This defcription is quoted by Scopori for his virens. ‘Thus it would appear that thefe two are different Ípecies; we muft leave it to Mr. Hupson to reconcile thefe contradictory fynonyma. It could be wifhed, that every Fungus was as diftin& in its charagters as the prefent, we fhould then foon fee order {pring from that chaos in which this tribe of plants has been confidered as fo long involved; not but that chaos which Linn avs and other Botanifts have fo much lamented, is rather to be confidered as a creature of their own imagination than as the child of nature. The more we look into thefe variable plants, the more we 2re convinced that our ignorance of them depends on our inattention and want of obfervation. Beftow the fame pains om them as on other plants, obferve them in all their ftates, in all their varieties of fituation, and we fhall find that each of them has fome peculiarity of character. The difcovery of this character is what we fhould aim at; but this will not be found in the clofet. We may read over, with the moft fedulous attention, Bararra, Micuzrr, GiepiTscn, and HALLER, or turn over the multitudinous plates of Scuzrrer to little purpofe: to know the Fungi well we muft watch them daily and yearly ; in fhort we muff live with them. P yuan AAA SUSAN i t 20:449 Vw dE M Sa eb i teh Las CRM ae v a Mo Mo as i Lu nem ie ^n pais don’ “Sada eersoe \e Bi 2$ eae Gey a Varadan p fe fal 259 +: AEDION Ms el bait ek ' T F dus ain E ed nus ME ohn: m idi ES d * k 4 id A Ree a bony: ^ ] « ^ j z see a i » ; 49 iedo cat n ed FS heat he H6 22001 Oth 27 it FS VOM Sty ae mi. 3 ; eroe an 4 "1 P3 dut. ew «uli | oid ining: | | story ya a ps jf e b | n ! d? M elit Horn í ri B h: : iin T eto i ex. / [ 33$ xbolintswnn. sa: ce: ay gib Msi With” WE oho: Aaussidr & yt ois LE het X ran Popeverar eti de Qogag 798 Tem bw Dir Ven vr vsaniziesige s AGARICUS CARNOSUS. FLEsHyY MusHRoom. AGARICUS carnofus pileo convexo albo, medio rufefcente, lamellis confertis albis carne pilei duplo . anguftioribus. In fylvis acerofis habitat nobifcum rarior, autumno Y Found with us in pine woods in the autumn, fcarce vigens. , 444444 Is generally found growing fingly, fometimes in clufters; | STIPES triuncialis et ultra, magnitudine fere digiti ¥STALK three inches hi minimi, craffus, nudus, fiftulofus, carne dia- Solitarius plerumque invenitur, fubinde cefpitofus. 5 «€ «€ gh and upwards, almoft the Y thicknefs of the little finger, clumfs c metro tubi, firmus, albidus, fzepe rubro macu- » hollow, the flefh the diameter a dune latus, parum ftriatus, bafi intra folia pini $ firm, whitifh, often fpotted with red, faintly emortenleloenaeties: . i RU the bafe defcending amongft the dead Y pine leaves. i PILEUS uncialis, ad triuncialem, albidus, medio ru- YCAP from one to three inches in diameter, reddifh iri befcens, et hinc inde maculis concoloribus Y the middle, and here and there blotched with ad{perfus, levis, carnofus, carne multo, folido, 1 {pots of the fame colour, {mooth, flefhy, the albo, primo convexus, dein planiufculus, nec $ fefh abundant, folid, white, firft convex acus. eccle. : . finally almoft flat, neither acrid nor milky. x : i - Eb he. LAMELLAJE numerofiffimz, albide, angufte, fefqui- ¥GILLS exceedingly numerous, whitith, narrow, a line lineam late, brevioribus interjectis, demum Y and a half broad, fhorter ones in terveni rufefcentes. t finally of a reddifh brown colour. vening, We can find no certain traces of this fungus either in the figures or defcriptions of authors; at leaft in thofe of our own country. ‘This may perhaps arife, from its being a local, or at leaft not a common mufhroom. | We have hitherto found it only in Lord Mansfield’s fmall pine wood, Hampftead, and there in no great plenty ; but having obferved them in the fame {pot, and affuming the fame character for feveral fucceflive years, we are perfe&ly fatisfied of its being a very diftin&k fpecies. ‘This autumn, Sept. 22, we found about twenty of them. - It is in fome degree chara&erifed by the fingularity of its colour. We have few fungi that have a white Pileus, with a reddifh difk, and that, together with the ftalk, irregularly blotched with the fame colour; but it is more diftinguifhed by the quantity of flefh both in the Pileus and Stipes. It is this which gives it an unufual degree of firmnefs to the touch, and has induced us to beftow on it the name of carnofus. Chewed, it difcovers no unpleafant tafte; but notwithftanding this circumftance, and notwithftanding its tempting appearance, we muft, till we have further proofs of its innocence, place it at leaft among the fufpicious ungi, , | 345 i WV n Ql | NN » -— | Carte COIHHWOZULLÓ. Jat Sowerby delet, fepp. am -. Tea ae € x í a n Y ims A A. Ei 2 I i ^ i - ties, ry i E ! . un n ! » ; J : à E " a 1 PM * D ‘ f ¥ J 2 : 6. E de Eu - PP ae ure 1 Dr ] A : |J ^ D D "n , if ds ‘ x X , Y ^ Eo 1 D ‘ 1 , 1 ; 1 4 * à 3 1 " d^. #4 ‘ ' ; D 7 ts x gt !] D a ' ! d 5 ó : ^ a 4 í ‘ . . adip ' ] [r^ ‘ ‘ E » * t D 1 d (e i i i i i D D : a E ‘ C c D * 1 i ' ^ m s E NE [$m . J Sowerby dedcet, fap. © ses "n a -—— —— AGARICUS VERRUCOSUS. Warty MusHRoom. AGARICUS Lin. Gen. Pl. CnYPTOGAMIA Bier: Fungus Agrizontalis, fubtus lamellofus, : | * Raii Syn. Gen. 1. Funes. AGARICUS . verruco{us ftipifatus, ftipite bulbofo, annulato, annulo laxo, pendulo, sited verrucol, lamellis albis. AGARICUS mufcarius füpitatus; lamellis dimidiatis folitariis, ftipite volvato: apice dilatato, bafi ovato. Lin. Syl. leg. b. 820. Spec. Pl. 1640. FI. 5. 449. AGARICUS verrucofus caulefcens, pileo convexo cinereo, verrucis lathell jaa albis. ^Hudfon, FI. nel. p013-. Lightfoot p. 1012. | AMANITA petiolo procero fiftulofo annulato, pileolo plano ftriato verrucofo fordido lamellis albis. Haler Hifl. à. 2397. AMANITA petiolo annulato, pileo fanguineo, lamellis albis. Haller Hifl. n. 2373 “LEUCOMYCES. gemmatus. Bator, 128. 6. B; LEUCOMYCES fpeciofior. Batarra tab. 6. d. AGARICUS mufcarius. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 14 "gi FUNGORUM pernicioforum. Gem. 12. Sfec.4. Cluf, ps 280. Scheffer. Icon. Fung. & XX. LXXIV? XC. XCI. CCXLI. CCLVIII? CCLXT. Solitarie nafcitur 1n fylvis frequens. | 2 ust in woods growing fingly. STIPES palmaris. et ultra, craffitie digiti minimi, feu STALK a hand's breadth or more in lieight, the thick- intermedii, ad bafin femper bulbofus, teres, ex Y nefs of the little or middle finger, always albo-rubefcens, et maculatus, non raro fla: ¥ bulbous at its bafe, round, of a reddifh white vefcens, annulatus. | í i colour and fpotted; not unfrequently yellowith, : and furnifhed with a ring or ruffle. ANNULUS magnus, perfiftens, pendulus, plerumque ¢ RING or ruffle large, permanent, pendulous, for the {triatus, ex lamellis impreffis. : moft part ftriated. PILEUS duas, tres, aut etiam quatuor uncias latus; CAP two, three, or even four inches broad, at firft primo fubrotundus, dein hemifphericus, de- -roundifh, then hemifpherical, laftly flat, on mum planus, ad marginem fuperne obfolete the upper fide, faintly ftriated at the margin, ftriatus, varii coloris, fzepius vero aut fordide various in 1ts colour, but moft commonly either ruber medio faturatius colorato, aut flavefcens ; of a dingy red, ftrongeft in the middle, or plerumque verrucofus, interdum nudus, ver- yellowith, for di EN part warty, fometimes tucis albidis. bare; the warts whitith. LAMELLZE numerofz, brevioribus interje&is, hori- GILLS numerous, fhorter ones intervening, horizon- zontales, primo albze, demum fordide carnex, tal, at firft white, laftly of a dirty flefh Fo e has ^ EMEN. o ns Moft modern authors confider the Agaricus verrucofus and mufcariis as different fpecies. Mr. Licutroor, függefts, that they may be only varieties differing i in colour. Repeated examination has perfectly convinced us, that his conjecture is well founded ; the verrucofus being with us by far the moft common, we fhall confider it as the fpecies, and the mufearius as the variety: fo fingular and fo beautiful 1s the variety, however, that we intend giving a feparate plate of it. Before we {peak more particularly of thefe füngi, it will be proper to explain to fome of our readers what is meant by a few terms made ufe of in defcribing this and three or four others, viz. Volva; nudus, and Velum, parts which occur in fome mufhrooms, but not in others. '"T'hére are a few of thefe plants, which, on their firft emerging from the earth, affume i appearance of an egg, and are enclofed in a kind of membranous fhell or cafe; this cafe we cali the Volva. If we cut the egg longi- tudinally down the middle, we may obferve the inclofed fungus as yet unexpanded. Vid. Scheffer Icon. Fung. tab. 244.fig. 1. 2. 3. As the mufhroom increafes in fize, it burfts open this Volva, and fometimes leaves it intirely behind, as in the Phallus zzpudicus; but more frequently the upper half of it is borne upwards on the Pileusor Cap, which . not being fufficiently large to cover when the Pileus is expanded, it breaks in various direCtions, and appearsin the form of a number of little knobs or warts irregularly ícattered. Such then is the origin of the warts: as tbe: membrane which forms them may fometimes be thinner than ordinary ; or as it may be rubbed off as the mufhroom pufhes itfelf out of the ground; or deftroyed by heavy rains, or other aceidents; fo we never find thefe warts alike either in number or fhape in any two fungi, and frequently intirely wanting ; but if no extraordinary accident happens, they will be found in every well-formed fungus of this fpecies. We may remark, that the Volva, which we have thus deferibed, is not the Vo/va of LiNN zvs ; his Volva is our Annulus. In many of the fungi the pills are covered and protected in their infancy by a membrane, more. or lefs thick, totally independent of the Volva, attached to the edge of the Pileus one way, and round the ftalk the other. While the membrane is vifibly thus conne&ed, which is juft as the Pileus is beginning to.expand, we call it the Velum or Veil, though generally the term is applied to thofe membranes which are remarkably thin, almoft like a cobweb, and which, when the Pileus is expanded, leave little or no traces of their exiftence behind, as in the Agaricus fafcicularis, The greateft part of this membrane im feparating is generally left either with the Pileus or Stipes: fometimes what it leaves remains with the Pileus, and is only fufficient to give the edge a ragged or toothed appearance; but more commonly, where it 1s in any degree fubflantial, it leaves the Pileus, and attaches itfelf to the Stipes, where it either projects horizontally, as in the zrugizofus ; or becomes pendulous, as in the prefent {pecies. This part, thus attached to the ftalk, we call the Aznulus, Ring or Ruffle. - ; | There are three characters which diftinguith the prefent fpecies of mufhroom, wiz. a cap, more or lefs covered with warts; a ftalk, bulbous at its bafe, and furnifhed above with a pendulous ftriated ruffle. Thefe’will be found in every perfect fungus of this fort. Colour is not to be depended on; the cap being fometimes, as in the variety mufearius, of the moft beautiful crimfon, and very frequently, efpecially in Charlton Wood, of a cream colour; but its moft ufual tint is a dingy red, inclining to brown. ‘The Gills are always white at firft, and become of a dingy red at laft. ‘The ftalk in thofe which have a reddifh Pileus is ufually mottled with red and white. The whole fungus, but particularly the bafe, is apt to be foon deftroyed by the larvae of various infeéts, and amon others by thofe of an undefcribed fpecies of Tipula, fomewhat lefs than the Tipala plumofa, and diftinguifhed by having its legs unufually hairy. It was by accident we difcovered the attachment of this infe&. Betwixt the Velum and the Gills, previous to the feparation of the former from the edge of the Pileus, there is a confiderable cavity. In this cavity we found, in a young fungus of this fpecies, at leaft twenty of thefe Tipul, which had introduced themfelves through an accidental aperture in the Velum. The Agaricus verrucofus is very common in all our woods. about the middle of September. "Ihe mu/carius is plentiful only in particular fpots. ' We had the curiofity to tafte this fhewy fungus. Chewed, it was not unpleafant in the mouth; fwallowed, it quickly produced a difagreeable burning kind of fenfation in the throat, which extended to the ftomach, though the quantity fwallowed was but fmall; and this fenfation continued a confiderable time. ^ That I might not be miftaken in my idea of this fenfation, I prevailed on my draughtfman and gardener to chew and fwallow fome of it, who complained of its producing a fimilar effect. Hence we may infer, that this fpecies, taken in any quantity, is likely to prove highly poifonous. ‘This effect accords with the account given of it by different authors. ScofoLi makes mention of fome perfons being poifoned by it, miftaking it for the Agaricus cefareus. HALLER relates, that fix perfons of Lithuania perifhed at one time by eating it; and that in Kamtfchatka it had driven others raving mad; that there, three or four of them are eaten without much effect, but that ten intoxicate: neverthelefs, the Ruffians eat it with their food; and the inhabitants of Kamtfchatka prepare a liquor from this fungus, and a fpecies of Epilobium, which, taken in {mall quantities, inebriates, and produces a trembling of the nerves, making fome joyous, others melancholy. ‘The very urine of thofe who drink it is found to intoxicate. Liwwuvs fays, that flies are killed, Scoroi only flupified, by tafting an infufion of the mufcarius in milk, whence its name, and that it is alfo inimical to bugs; but we have certainly much better remedies for thefe troublefome infects. | | : »" bw me EST d rer! ELSE qni e & a PENS ey rey 1 h i — z UM Tee i V A BEA || Halts Wi AA RC AT Si siti PTHLHGA Tne tein h el Priiutr mi july um D ROG hr jp IS SR INI tpe WU I i i Wit JAPAN UN) adii veni NOM Ml i de uot (UEM QUTD RS Ena A PHT EEN Halal steele He OUD he a i a "n durs hs SI TOUT tiis iy ia ALTE ERR SUA MBA SER Lans Uu Jar s nl AM Nen s AH SUM = an apiid ath ime ei i ise Xs Ios ds TRU in hl = Ihr ihi ne M han Hi Ii BERN dar di jj il 3 | à LE UR el he MSL IEE utr OTH Init a Ws Tides pas ^ ^ i i i li ig ea I FU ji Min smear isis! Sot [pi jr 100) ar Tat