" hn VM der 1 TD | Tn ih Sem Tult aaa STEP Wah iit : Ine iu " AUT ARM il i ' ULM — ee Rae aca e £ - I Lal E = J n RET : m » Y Ney ; Jy X ne) En] 1 E T i it s x2 M - =. oo FLORA LONDINENSIS: OR PLATES ,; DESCRIPTIONS or secs PLANTS AS GROW WILD IN THE ENVIRONS of LONDON: WITH Their Places of Growrh, and Times of £ lowering ; their feveral Names according to Linnzus and other Authors: WITH A particular Description of each Pranr in LATIN and ENGLISH. To which are Added, Their feveral. Ufes in Medicine, Agriculture, Rural Oceconomy, and other Arts. Pee tb DUE" C U R T P$ DEMONSTRATOR of BOTANY to the Company of APOTHECARIES. VOL. I. s ez rr z v ds GET 5 lea [s n / uu ¢ e dmn Ais pu wh yu if yl | pe dv Ce ms 2» Cte ner), uh loads oe wen E jn Via a T T € or mt) edo Chey 2 "otn nhat veal . jon iinet fld ^ Mee i 2th 5, Coch ? | o he la fh ym flle / MT us tod? rau for! vgs (X i ; : Ye herd, Lp hat ie LONDON: Printed for and Sold by the Auruork, No. 51, Gracechurch-Street s and B. Wutte, Book/eller, in Fleet-Street. "e MnccLxx« 5 b ree tos Loy LX aiat P “EA ue n a samen cat mater PURA PS ^ nic ek D ' m ay step tn he ten Mra aay kw p42 oR s. rigpriete sr pat et ve git nay m ip, reste Ace. z i is / — c jn . ar 1 ym — ; C MIB AQCACR ^ cr " r SEU poop LES UÁÓP : k g- Pct i = , " "m m» A ^ d (— iOIGIOIDIOIOIOIOIO GIOI Grote Hietetoretone —— wees eRe eee beeen eed i i du po a DSE-X I , a y^: m da Uh ing Plants conhined in the fixth Fafeiculus are arranged according ere v Teena. “fo thie. Un of LINNAEUS.. "I ise va he À — Lana Nam MR | Clafs and Order, | e 73 ED D vebEgdca wot Lt RC a iis 2 Veronica’ triphivilos c nr NE UL COMICI SUDAN M Dianpria Meonynia ; "m VUES Valeriana officinalis. .... X4 RB. : 2080. us bine TRIANDRIA Monogymia. | M elies n ns ose a. De oe T NE uu M Amat : Feltuca elatior -- Trianpria Dreynia, f. aecthacamotiagea s wo 5 ole | yt Uo Oboe uL eR ees | Br meGuaurovutnpens TII IL IE eis 12 Agroftis fetacea. cuba e SAM Bocsu M qa eo. | ‘2, GAB CRITE hho? Qa te C ETE. Monogynia. | mi seeimilaniatinalar sto re eem erectas | 15 Primula jr TE. RAEN Nich Sa, oe Vr. 16 Primula SEMIS aoe aL Wa a DEPO ety L Pewee NDR Pee Watt Scdmoniumy. 0h pt ote enis. ety 13 Pulmonaria mariti... ot RRS 15 I ace uy do Hiydrocorle volgari 7 Lusso ctore 5 " . 420 Chenopodium murale... es nte Me npe Ecc wr Chenppodinin pabrum «e ois sce. scere Ec 22 Caucalis Anthrifcus....... MENO see tuit eer T MA INCE Digyma. t 2$ Cautalis infefta .....- un hr Tx ECE Ei NS | | 24 Charophyllum STC ns AMT MR nena PASS Uh 25 Scilla autumnalis... ......... B AN. Eb eoo BS Monogynia. Borse oneüldg Sir e iE Ege t oda e con. a DécaNBRLA Digwre l . 97 Saxifraga OPM ONO Coh E A ete LE e tu 4 DEUS Stellaria UPC Sei aioe eel) ean aaa Decanpria Trigynia. fe cocum diventi e C XI ne tee a, o fqq ec TE : E UeridsppomidEn 7 PIT V S VS S S Les Decanpvria Penfapyna. . 91. Cerafttum tetrandrüm ....... dee p eal nig a | vue) pd: 32 Glaucium corniculatum .. X AE mite ab 3 Pouvanpaia Monegynia, 33 Ciftus OE EU act Mah WES SNe SURELY: wey a Nu eee ee HelleBorus viridis. 27.74. Tous SENS cundi a Lbs pa erone apengináre. se WO ei ME Wie iets LIPOLYANDRIA .Polygynia. et eee, Raunculüs COUCHE E ITE M cc SUM. mS "^5 787 Ranunculus Flammila..../.... pue Meme C GC | Ioodtophsverlcolor: 25. |. aod. ceca E Set Sin ae NC a — 89 Melitus pe ooh Nae. n HA 25 sey PES eee Dipynamia Gymnofperma. ' 4o Meh Nepeta mero NE Uns Cem - aed 41 Antitrhinum Peloria... ... gees DiDYNAMIA Angiofpermia. 42 Iberis nudicaulis . FERA SX Bo CE TST Sey, "m TETRADYNAMIA Siliculofit. : 43 Thlafpi arvenfe..:..:..1.. 44 Sifymbrium Nafturtium. .L. .:....... : TETRADYNAMIA Siliquya. 5 Meranium dille&um ..... Tod nh EY ay \ Mon ADELPHIA Decandria, | Bidar parviflorum | | l'umaria capreolata ......}...- UA CPU ci ci EIE DiabzibHlA Hexandria. CHE Ee csevotes 4: ; LR iffolia. gc b be tp UE URYONPUT S DrapgrPHIA Decandria. i & c 4B oos agr dad S 1 Darkyuis Sylvefiris .. M T REM GU eat en, | Ox üithopus DUE JL oo acte p ied ae vt, nmm P a nol acanthos . ee Mee) enumerus....1... NE. Duc M ad es f | ERE 37 voten lt Sites LAE eM A m DEI | q Sencenzsta Polygenia JEgualis. Ls Hieracti nmbellan f 20 mes = ee n | P Chyathenan y. LE 79 AM 1 ‘Achillea Millefolium |. 8 Bi 5 SyNGENESIA Polygamia Superflua. . ! 62 Centaurea Cyanus. ... "Ee. 5 À SYNGENESIA Polygamia’ Fru Faned. «^ d s ürens ;.... aad TET ET 2.0 SYNGENESIA Monogamia, . bs Gyxanonia Digynia. " 68 Chee ventricofa .- tad A. hcrccwmir walter Monorcia Triandria, | 69 Urtica dioica........ Ho ete RUE ub xo Srt lette hrs AC Urtica LE BAM oredeusteide Tee vm "ds Mowozcia Tetrandria, es on Poe. b de NE (ox DE EU E CE Y JAY DiorciA Dii: NO Sp Pet | Xo 8: ta ae | j ! r = 2 4. ¥ ix I 4 - ue » ' > boa + | Baetososesototosoioson IGEDEGIGIGIONDEOIONOIONOIGIOtO II PRICIER \ i Ee Rte A6 is Se ES GARG t e Ze ote te tre te Sate te se Bee te te t MM LR MEM 2 SNR RN EN EV Sy QC WC MCI QC SCR SC ST WWD e erar e Eds DUE VEESS II. t I ND E X LI..4d 9 | Latin Names of the Plants in the fixth | Englifh Name of the Plants in the fixth Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. — à Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. 6 | Plate 8 ’ Plate Joctutlea: Mallefoliant: 257.15 2) Ps wate eae 61 6 Agroftis Sheep’s puedeaved'r 2 yey ML one 19 VOTOS Cp eA, ore D d IS ed ETE 12 5 JA ncmonse fioul quib oot. dosi mns 35 Aura caryephylied 54.2 rectae a Ne ae te ERE 6 SUAE aye dE. oon MESS COM el: oe sl e E 39 Anemone apennina. . 6.6... sei rene us eom 95 € Becta yellowu e. 0. loire Re ow ener 3 Zraticshisuma PSlOrimo ia. cs tI META ILE Al 9 Bird's-eye ....... |, Sacra Ree SRR M ERE 14 TDirosus TAMAS: 0 S euo ee LAM ee 4 9 Bird's-foot common, ............ NIAE Ads x 53 Carduus polyacanthos Mies oh Tan Meee gee OM AERE 54 à Blue-bottle corn 130 S eet e 02. - (Catduns HENUM TD. Ars et t EU ETIN TRE 55 Brome-grafs dian PA sers I eT UE (arduus palais: . Se ett, WERE odo p NUR, 56 6 Calamint tors RN E E ue. 40 ACAPOUNS REGONMS. Ug RY als. VERSER rm TU 57 © Carex CEU Ee, Ao 2S Seay he ee p v 68 (Canes: VEHDECOTa. Moore veda. EET 68 0 Caucalis hedgetar ume eor oe ee 29 (ancalisvAnt acus e LT e ames RR o NN 29 9 Caucalis CODI. cM MEUSE Fur NE D. m 29 (oca cIbd Cr CONI Tees Ce Ree at TE 29.* CHbus fpotted-Hlosie o:..2. 20. TL EE 39 Gentautica KO Van BS. ss c RT ANE: ant paeem Doa d DIDVCTE EHOW. cR MOULE RC UE 49 Ceraftium arvente EA, vA eee sith. CAR hy go tm DOS C OOM Many eOld etm eec c OTRA NE 60 (Ceralium.pumium.s c... habs Eyer S 30 ? Cow-parfley Id mem cons EE ines rS Xe ds OMNES. ec. Ud 91 8 ane E rem, DIL e| ens 15 Chenopodium murale... VERRE EES 20 ranes-bill Jagged. ...... WE ern ess 45 Ciencia DUDEEm Menor Ce Rea 21 * Cranes-bill {mall-floered 3.2... , 46 Cherophyllum p LANES ode xr LI IH LL ei ME. | a FE E ud E sm Hee ea os 36 hryfanth CERTI Sept tere m T de ees TN o amdelon- GUHGICRM TT corio T ee) ee 5 Ci geen TR AT oda. d bloc we er nee 33 6 Everlafting-Pea narw-leaved.....,...... Lun. = Datutia Stramnoniong .Ageced. A MEME aL bebe a 17 © Felcue-grafs CI Nr e me ae 7 Feftuca pratenfis M EE Me qoo MC Vag ae soo ; in Me. Vu. I Wo MEA rre men ? ns rcu LO ors m ME AT n NIE, s é Meee Me er E E (9) Bla C1 ete | Mat ae caso) loeo ue] cem eU SOLA mere Wie, is 7 DA CONDO EE PE lah «cert d. oth hee Funds CADRE SIEE, OS Puke k TENERE LIT ERE Co 47 : Galéopfis patucaloieda ci). ie ee eee 38 ASAIO MUS WERUCOIOE ... "cx NEL ee A 38 6 Goofefoot pee p iM tid i4. M ee ena 29. (Ga OBREROND cry hess o NE IET d o o NE 19 Q Goofefoot TVA TSG Gat. Ort. WR an se 21 (eratum Giecinny. 5 319 T CETUR IUE TTL nee "ws Gptaueuratsduser cM rr m DM 6 Geranium patvrlerum 6... 11 BEC e P EE 46 Qariawk weed" buthy d EE o a Lea M 58 Glaucium corniculatum VS RECETA A) re de SEEN ATE 32 i Hellebore green 03 28007. eee on DM 24 liclebonis IPIS S Dua Sot tea sone asin see TM 34 6 Homed-Poppy 0$ aos Fo. i 32 Hiseraenun umbetlatum v 7. .came tenn gere uet. 56 5 Lathyris critfon! MS T ce eee 51 Hydrocotyle van AT eM TOR, ICM. For Bt ssl 19 ? MO REA FEED bn. cle Merten en omn 02 i i T RE MP ENDS LAT. 2 ung-w uox Ux ceniparnt ee ctia onde ew a ice PRONE EIU NET ESTE 2: 6 Melic-grafe ticnnoum d IRE 4 ubt Niffolia EXON CCS STRE er e AP 51 0 Meadow-ptals felléxed a tr rp ae eee 10 Iccontodon intuit as, > m ume foo eL AREE 50 4 Meadow-grafs procument......5.......--000- 11 d-ohela-Wrenaes acc ee. oe. reden Ies a A RM 63 poMaslczEas Chickweedtmnz- 0, LE 2 IVEGEIGARMAIEATIS 1.11 5 om reo ISP oe FUR SFR SU IE 4 8 Moule-Ear Chickweedlwarf.............00..4. 30 Melia Nepetd. n ^ s uve c ERAI. E E 40 ; MUERTE a ETE PPT, oe : Melittis Meliffophyllum A Se Som Sreceted tia 39 ; ae e p MU Dei Le a rs rer eosr. lv 69 ME en Tib date ue e card 2 f edie s an eM SST OOS. LO LTR A 9T aber! ol aS phrysducWera se om de coque iu M : BS iets V Cra M Mt Aq] oo oe SE CAPE Cock orc ri AS, ck eS Ca Re 2 ° pa oe Dis ine eot im Mesh A rGhjssbrtolia..- eese o Se NERIS IEEE OS RUE Ano E acte rop EP 4 Oxmthopus:perputillos. oily adel eir ae 53 0 Orchis burg dE Te AE a ake 65 Doatretrolesnve 2 m MT e ces eR ITE TS 10:0 Pe BIB c tro ppl ARIES Lu. Mee d er PoagiroedmbDengo-S naar ine Serato esas eee 11 9 Penny-crefs... cunc ace: cU ppl P EE a Primula farinofa ....3 +. 0.0.2... +. +4441 +04. 14 § Penny-wort mar Deeg ees Ae aie Primula-officitia sme eus Loose eas Re 15 6 Primrofe SDAh Pica ea Reba: «7 oo ee ee 16 Prünularacaulis Beh sce te Mie oo Ul, UI 16 : Rock-crefs Meu dg eoi Los JE oy e iE. 42 Putlgosarnie quarc D LAE ri x MUR E 18. 5ugpror Cla ee s Fu eg oe 1 Ranunculus astyénlfische reu Lk ME 36 Q Saxifrage EEN L0P SNC S. bed MR gS ier, 26 Ranunculas Flame Aoi or ET LL as ie. 37 9 E or eS en, a UR : s nec amotiandrag.r Spe o oe kl E sh Mia ODOBIPONTE Imole s x o 38... E eee SQ. tere ae d SIS eee MN ie 0 Pu ee IHE. dom $ NpKeRE UE VM À Salix trtamdra LS '. ei SIR XR Es os 72 pee 1 * - Salvi emat 1 es. unt. matcr A a ME 1$ Squill autumnal... cet eee ee een °6 SaxilragasErontus 2 ss haiti n em c Cle 26 @ Stichwort DUNS wo . rent PR ij D, Saxifraga oppobtttela. 1 eheu sc ipee 27 : TUN pes QUESE: 2 DUE. A 54 Scilla autumnalis. . Juez RRR L- soups erg ore 25 - tle llender-tlowered ..... 2-2-0... sesso. 56 SilynibriamaNafiikititm 6. ae. Satie eee 44 b Thiltle Mice, Veiis Me. - A. Aon ier t pir ft 5 exe log vet Peer nee pe Este peg) e bte eae oes 28 Thiftle curfed. v. DITE GE Bee II 57 Thlafpi arvenfe........... et i ln E ET. 43 6 Est di age gir cies em o o war shit [ Sovrbotinumo Ago Ten. m he dee EE da oe crm 48 © T4 ones A APIS ER © ce Ob T n ECCE I 48 Trifolium atvenfe. i9... ces Alte AUR 50 6 Tre oil haresfoot .... 06+... eee eee eee eee. 5 'Prifelium oshroleneumt e s eL Laer V TA 49 : Valerian wild . : ce ce cece 3 PT ETAT SAI be t TON RR RR ties). «Lie M er t e 69 M e dn guion. Pd remi T. 5 as Dries Wiehe met 2, aie oie eee ne o | DIM Valetiana "olfictBalis- - 22155... $a ar XN DUE; 3 6 Willow three-threaded tg TEA pute ee ee 7a Mer opueavterpadloss LHe: ens p LIUM ARTI. 2j Bavrów Combo en's PSOE E S Re 1 SALVIA VERBENACA. WILD SAGE, or CLARY. 1 SALVIA Linn. Gen. PL Dianprt1a Monocynia, Corolla ineequalis. Filamenta tranfverfe pedicello affixa, Rait Syn. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERBA- VERTICILLAT 4. SALVIA. Verébenaca foliis ferratis finuatis leviufculis, corollis calyce anguftioribus. Linn. Sy/?. Vegetab. ed. 14. f. 70. Sp. Ph p. 35. Lightfoot Scot. v. 1. p.79. Hudf. FL. Angl. ed. 2. p. 10. HORMINUM fylveftre Lavendule flore. Bauh. Pin. 239. Park. Th. p. 57. Wald Clary with Spike Flowers. Raz Sym. ed. 9. p. 237. Common Englifh wild Cary. HORMINI fylveftris 1111. quinta fpecies. Clu. 2. p. xxxr. HORMINUM fylveftre. Ger. Herd. 5. 628. Wild Clarie or Oculus Chrifli ; as.to the defcription, the figure doubtful, the radical leaves being too pointed and the flowers too large. Ger. emac. p. 771. f. 1. RADIX perennis, fufca, craffitie digiti intermedii de- Q ROOT perennial, brown, the thicknefs of the middle- fcendens, plurimis fibris capillata. Q _ finger, {triking deep into the earth, and fur- | 9 nifhed with numerous fibres. CAULES ereétiufculi, bipedales, tetragoni, pilofi, pilis ? STALKS nearly upright, two feet high, four-cornered, | horizontalibus, fubvifcidis, ad nodos precipue ¢ hairy (hairs horizontal, fomewhat vifcid) purplifh, efpecially at the joints, branched ; Branches oppofite. LEAVES next the root ftanding on long -footitalks, variable in their form, oblong, fometimes - rounded at the extremity, fometimes a little pointed, not unfrequently heart-fhaped at the bafe, but more commonly the leaf runs down on each fide of the footftalk, and to a greater | length on the one fide than on the other, very flightly hirfute, on the margin irregularly waved and fawed or toothed, of a paler colour on the under fide, veiny and marked with {mall glandular concave dots; the ftalk- leaves fomewhat remote, the lowermoft of them ftanding on fhort foot-ftalks, the upper- moftt feflile. FLOWERS growing in whorls, fomewhat naked, containing about fix flowers. FLORAL-LEAVES heart-fhaped, long-pointed,turned down, fhorter than the flowers. CALYX: a PertanrHium of one leaf, two lip'd, purplith, flightly vifcid, and continuing ; the upper lip obovate, moft commonly terminated by a fhort point, three-rib'd, two of which are much fhorter than the middle one; the lower lip rib’d, divided nearly half way down, fegments ovato-lanceolate, pointed, turned up; pod COROLLA monopetalous, unequal, violet-coloured, a little longer than the calyx; Zu2e above en- larged, flattened; Lzz2 gaping; upper Lip concave, flattened, bent downwards, emar- .ginate; lower Lp broad, trifid, middle feg- ment largeft, rounded, deprefled, emarginate, purpurafcentes, ramofi ; Rami oppofiti. FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, variabilia, oblonga, | apice nunc rotundata, nunc acutiufcula, bafi nonnunquam cordata, fzpius vero folium in petiolum utrinque decurrit et ad unum latus longius extenditur, hirfutula, finuato-ferrata, fubtus pallidiora, venofa et punctis glandu- lofis excavatis notata; caulina remotiuícula, inferiora petiolata, petiolis brevioribus, fu- prema feffilia. . FLORES verticillati, verticillis nudiufculis, fubfexfloris. BRACTE cordate, acuminate, deflexe, floribus breviores. CALYX: PrzaiíANTHIUM monophyllum, bilabiatum, purpurafcens, vifcidulum, perfiftens; labium luperius obovatum, mucrone brevi faepius terminatum, trinerve, nervis duobus abbre- ; viatis, labium inferius nervofum ad dimidiam fere bifidum ; lacinis ovato-lanceolatis, mu- cronatis, furfum curvatis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, inaequalis, violacea, calyce . paulo longior; Tubus luperne ampliatus, com- preffus; Liméus ringens so Labium fuperius concavum, compreffum, incurvum, emargi- natum; JLaàzus infernus latum, trifidum, lacinia media majori, rotundata, deprefla, emarginata, jig. 2. STAMINA: FitAMENTA duo, brevia; ANTHER E oblonge, nigre, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum; Srvrvs fili- formis, longus; Sricma bifidum, fe. 4. . SEMINA quatuor in fundo calycis, fubrotunda, nigra, Jig. 5, 6. The Salvia Verbenaca is a common plant, not only in dry paftures and uncultivated places near London, but generally throughout the kingdom ; we have frequently remarked that it very often occurs in Church-Yards. It flowers during moft. of the fummer, and towards autumn produces abundance of feeds, which fcattering on the ground, and readily growing, difpofe this plant foon to become a weed. It varies confiderably in fize,: and very much in the form of its leaves; when. bruifed it emits a ftrong and fomewhat unpleafant fmell. The feed put into water foon becomes invefted with a thick mucilage. Formerly it had fome reputation as a medicinal plant; Grerarop tells us, “ That the feede put whole into the — * eies clenfeth and purgeth them exceedingly from waterifh humours, rednefle, inflamation, and divers other * maladies, or all that happen unto the eies; and takes away the pain and {marting thereof, efpecially being put * into the eies one feed at one time and no more.” Ray, who was too credulous in matters of this fort, attributes their efficacy to their form and fmoothnefs; we have heard their mode of operating accounted for in - fome other way: but furely there is a manifeft. abfurdity in the idea thus entertained of their efficacy, and no {mall danger attendant on their ufe: the putting a hard fubftance into a part naturally fo tender as the eye, muft at any time be fufficient to excite inflammation, and at all times increafe it; we therefore caution fuch of our readers as are fond of ufing the edged tools of medicine, to be on their guard againft applying fo doubtful a remedy in difeafes of an organ fo exquifitely formed. fig. 2. STAMINA: Two Finaments, fhort; ANTHERE oblong, black, fg. 9. PISTILLUM : Germen quadrifid; Stryze filiform, '^ long; Sricma bifid, fe. 4. SEEDS four in the bottom of the calyx, of a roundifh figure and black colour, jie. 5, 6. COOOL ODO OOOO OOOO LOO OOOO OO OOO OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO DOL OL OOOO, 9 9 [a i Posty 2 ee TER TOP. AL up ye, —À e h ! a 9. PISTILLUM: Germen compreffum;' Srvrus fili- J PFRICARPIUM: CarsuLA magna, obcordata. VERONICA TRIPHYLLOS. ‘TRIFID SPEEDWELL. VERONICA. Linn. Gen. PL. DiaNDRIA MoNOGYN1A. Cor. Limbo 4-partito, lacinia infima angufliore. Caf. bilocularis. Rai Syn. Gen. 18. HU XA FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. VERONICA zriphyllos oribus folitariis, folis digitato partitis, pedunculis calyce longioribus. Lizn, Syfl. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 60. Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. n. 25. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 7. triphylla, Flor. Suec. ed. 2. 5. 7. VERONICA foliis ovatis, tripartitis, et quinquepartitis, floribus longe petiolatis.. Hal/, Hf. 551- VERONICA. flofculis fingularibus, foliis laciniatis, erecta, Rai Syz. ed. 3. 5. 280. Upright Speedwell with divided leaves. ALSINE triphyllos caerulea. Baub. Pin. 250. ALSINE parva re&a, folio Alfines hederacee Rute modo divifo. Lod. icon. 464, ALSINE re&a. Right Chickweede. Ger. Herd. p. 489. emac. p. 612. f. 5. ALSINE reéta triphyllos, five laciniata. Park. Th. p. 760. Upright Chickweede with jagged leaves. ALSINE reels Hore ceruleo. Upright blew Chickweede. Park. Th. 5. 1260. f 6. ALSINE folio profunde fe&o, flore purpureo feu violaceo. I. B. 3. 367. VERONICA folio Rute. Rivin. 7. 96. ROOT annual, fibrous. STALKS numerous, about a hand's breadth high, nearly upright, round, on the upper part vifcid, o£ a pale green or reddifh colour, drooping a little during the flowering period. LEAVES fpreading, rather remote, alternate and oppofite, thickifh, hairy on both fides, often reddifh on the under fide, the lowermoft heart-fhaped ovate, ftanding on very {hort footftalks, the upper ones feffile, fingered, or divided deeply into five and three parts, the fegments wedge-fhaped, the middle one very large. FLOWERS placed fingly in the bofoms of the leaves, of adeep and bright blue colour; F/ower- fralks fhorter than the leaves: CALYX: a Pzn1ANTHIUM of one leaf, continuing, deeply divided into four fegments, which are obovate, and like the uppermoft leaves of the plant, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, fmaller than the calyx; Zude very fhort and white; Limé deeply divided into four fegments, flat, feg- ments ovate, lowermoft one narrower, upper- moft one broader than the reft, jig. 2. TAMINA: two FiLAMzNTS, narroweft below, white; ANTHER.E oblong, blue, fs. 9. ISTILLUM : Germen flattened; Srvrz filiform, the length of the ftamina; Stiema fimple, - whitifh, fg. 4. EED-VESSEL: a large CapsuLe, inverfely heart- Íhaped. EEDS numerous, of a blackifh brown colour, con- vex, gibbous, and wrinkled on one fide, hollow on the other. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES plures, fubpalmares, erectiufculi, teretes, fuperne vifeidi, palhde virides, aut fubru- bentes, pendente florefcentia fubnutantes. FOLIA patentia, remotiufcula, alterna et oppofita, craffiufcula, utrinque pilofa, fubtus ízpe ru- bentia, inferiora cordato-ovata, breviffime: petiolata, fuperiora feffilia, digitato-quinque- partita, et tripartità, lacinuis cuneiformibus, intermedia maxima, FLORES axillares, folitarii, faturate et fplendide ce- rulei; Pedunculi foliis breviores. CALYX; Pertanruium monophyllum, perfiflens, quadripartitum, laciniis obovatis, folis fu- premis plantee fimilibus, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, calyce minor; Tudus breviflimus, albus; Lméus quadripartitus, planus, laciniis ovatis, infima anguftiore, huic -oppofita latiore, fg. 2. gn STAMINA: Fitamenta duo, inferne anguftiora, alba; AnTHER& oblongz, ccerulex, jig. "d formis, longitudine ftaminum ; 5T1GMA fim- plex, albidum, fg. 4. A uu SEMINA. plurima, e fufco nigricantia, hinc convexa, gibba, rugofa, illinc concava. | HOO OO OO OO OX «qu OO OO XO OX Xxx DIO XO XO XO OX OOo The Veronica triphyllos, a plant common to moft parts of Europe, and chiefly found in corn-fields, where the foil is light, is of very partial growth in this country, and found principally in the counties of Norfolk * and ^ Suffolk ; we have received fpecimens of it from Sir Tuomas FnANKLAND, gathered by him in Yorkfhire. It flowers very early in the fpring, in March, and April, and ripens its feeds in June, from thefe fpon- taneoufly fcattered, young plants come up readily in autumn; in favourable foils this fpecies, like the bederifolia and agreflis, feems much difpofed to become a weed; but, like them, is too trifling to be injurious. C. BAUHINE mentions two varieties of this Veronica, one with larger and thicker leaves, the other with fmaller ones; thefe fcarcely deferve the name of varieties: Hatter obferves, that fix inches is the utmoft height of the plant, we have feen it much taller; the fummits of the flowering branches for the moft part bend fomewhat downwards, a peculiarity of the plant which we have not found noticed by authors. This fpecies is too diftin& to be miftaken for any other Englifh one, its divided leaves, the deep rich blue colour of its flowers, and the largenefs of its feed-veffels obvioutly diftinguifh it. Triphyllos, a name given to it by fome of the old Botanifis, is not always applicable, the leaves in young plants particularly, being often divided into more than three fegments. * At Rowton in Norfolk, betwixt the town and the highway, twelve miles before you come to Norwich ; at Mewel in Suffolk, between the two windmills and the warren-lodge ; in the gravel-pits, two miles beyond Barton Mills, on the ridge of the hill where a {mall cart-way croffeth the road to Lynn; and in the grafs thereabouts, plentifully. Tu. WirrisEL. Ray’s Syn. ed. 3. p. 280. | U eme t " Ed) 9 m. Locus ru CRAS oar und 1 doi fM VALERIANA OFFICINALIS. WILD VALERIAN. VALERIANA. Linn. Gem Pj. TrianpriaA Monoeynta. | Cal. o. Cor. 1. petala, bafi hinc gibba, fupera. Ran Syn. Gen.io. HERB FLORE PERFECTO SIMPLICI, SEMINIBUS NUDIS SO- LITARIIS, SEU AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. VALERIANA officinalis floribus triandris, foliis omnibus pinnatis. Linn. Sy. Vegeta. ed. 14. Murr. p. 80. Sp. Pl ed. 2. p. 40. FI. Suec. n. 34. Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 9. n. 39. Berg. Mar. Med. p. 30. Hudfon Fi. Angi. ed. 9. p. 12. Lightfoot Scot. V. 1. p. 85. ^ — VALERIANA foliis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis. Hu//. Hl. n. 210. VALERIANA fylveftris major. Bauh. Pin. 164: Ger. Herb. p. 917. fig. 9. Great Wilde Valerian, ia, emac. 1075. fig. 2. Threlk Syn. VALERIANA fylveftris. Wilde Valerian. Park. Th. p. 123. f. 19. VALERIANA Vc magna aquatica. Jf. Baub. Il. 9. 211. Rari Sym. ed. 3. p. 200. Great Wild | alerian. RADIX perennis, fubpramorfa, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, 0 ROOT perennial, fomewhat ftumped, fibrous, fibres majufculis, ftolonem unum alterumve longe 9 numerous; large, fending out from its crown | protenfum e caudice emittens. ! 9 one or more long-extended creeping fhoots. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, et ultra, erectus, teres, 6 STALK from oné to three feet or more in height, up- fulcatus, fiftulofus, hinc hirfutulus, terminans right, round, grooved, hollow, in fome parts in ramos floriferos brachiatim difpofitos. Q hairy, terminating in flowering branches dif- Q |. pofed cxoffwife. FOLIA oppofita, connata, bafi fubtus barbata, pinnata; 9 LEAVES oppofite, connate, bearded at the bafe on Cofta leviter pubefcens; Foliola 11 ad 19, the under fide, pinnated; the Midrib fome- nunc oppofita, nunc alterna, fubdecurrentia, what downy ; the Leaflets or Pinnz 11 to 1 5 lanceolato-oblonga, acutiufcula, inzqualiter 6 fometimes oppofite, fometimes alternate, remoteque dentata, venofo-rugofa, fubtus pal- flightly decurrent, lanceolate-oblong, rather lidiora, pilofiufcula, foliolum terminale trilo- | pointed, unevenly and diftantly toothed, batum ; Folia fuprema floralia trifida, et fub- € veiny, wrinkled, paler on the underfide, fimplicia. 6 flightly hairy; the terminating Leaflet three- Q lobed; the uppermoft leaves on the flower- i ing branches trifid, and fometimes entire. FLOWERS growing in a kind of corymbus, terminal, of a pale flefh colour, and fingular fmell; FrLowzn-SrALKs much branched, and many times divided. FLORAL-LEAVES, lanceolate, acuminated, connate, whitifh, with a green midrib. CALYX none, a flight margin on the top of the Germen, C FLORES fubcotymbofi terminales, —albido-carnei, odore fingulari prediti; PrepuwcurI ramo- fiffimi, multoties dichotomi. (m nervo viridi. BRACTEE lanceolate, acuminate, connate, albentes, i Q CALYX nullus, margo fuperus mintitus, fig. 1. Q COROLLA tubulofa, tubo a latere inferiore ne€tari- OROLLA tubular, the tube producing from its lowe? fero, gibbo, ig. 2. ‘Limbo quinquefido, laci- niis obtufis, fg. 9. : STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria, ereéta, Corolla longiora, amiffo polline recurvantia; ANTHER# lubro- tunde, floribus concolores, fg. 4. . fide a gibbous ne&tary, fig. 9. the Là di- vided into five obtufe legments, fig. 3. STAMINA : three upright FILAMENTS, longer than i the Corolla, bending back when the an- 6 there have fhed their pollen; ANTHER& j 0 . roundifh, of the fame colourasthe flowers, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: GERMEN conicum, inferum; Srvyrus 9 PISTILLUM: the Germe_n conic, beneath the Corolla, @ g © filiformis, longitudine ftaminum; StTicma STYLE thread-fhaped, the length of the fta- craffiufculum, obtufum, album, trifidum, jg. mina; STi1GMA thickifh, obtufe, white, and M: SW A trifid, fig. 5. . SEMINA. folitaria, ovato-oblonga, compreffa; Pappus 6 SEEDS fingle, ovato-oblong, compreffed, furnifhed radius duodecim plumofis, bafi purpurafcenti- 6 with a Pappus having twelve feathery rays, of bus, jig. 6. | Q a purplifh colour at the bafe, jig. 6. The Valeriana officinalis here figured, grows wild with us in wet fituations only, it more efpecially is found on the edges of wet ditches, often in ofier-grounds, and in fuch fituations is very common in moft of the Southern parts of Great-Britain ; fometimes, particularly in the Northern parts of the kingdom, it is found on more elevated and drier ground, where it becomes in every refpeti fmaller, and more hairy ; in fuch fituations the roots are found to poflefs more fragrance, and are confidered as preferable for medicinal purpofes. The flowers, when frefh, diffufe a peculiar kind of odour, almoft too ftrong to be pleafant; the powerful fmell of the dried root is known to moft perfons, and of this part of the plant cats are remarkably fond, not only eating it, but when they have an opportunity, perfuming themfelves by rolling on it, and that on the frefh as well as dried roots; for I have often obferved, that as the roots fpread-out near the furface of the ground, they find them out, and in gratifying their paffion frequently deftroy the plant in gardens; whenever they are infufferably mifchievous in this or other refpeéts, they may with certainty be caught in a wooden hutch trap, baited with Valerian root; we are not however wantonly to facrifice this ufeful animal. The officinalis, as well as fome of the other fpecies of Valerian, is very ornamental, but almoft too large for the flower-garden, unlefs it be an extenfive one; it flowers in June and July, and is eafily cultivated, as it has creeping roots, which for medicinal purpofes fhould be taken up early in the {pring and carefully dried. The mountain Valerian root has a ftrong, not agreeable fmell, and an unpleafant, warm, bitterifh, fubacrid tafte; the ftrength of the fmell and tafte is the only mark to be depended on of its genuinenefs, and gooduels. It is a medicine of great efteem in the prefent practice againft obftinate hemicranie, hyfterical and the different kinds of nervous dilorders, and is commonly looked upon as one of the principal antifpafmodics. CoruwwNA reports, that he was cured by it of an inveterate epilepfy, after many other medicines had been ufed in vain : on more extenfive trials it has been found, in fome epileptic cafes to effect a cure, in feveral to abate the violence or frequency of the fits, and in many to prove entirely ineffectual: oftentimes, it either. purges, or operates by fyreat, or by urine, or brings away worms before it prevents a fit. The dofe of the root in powder is from a fcruple to a dram or two, which may be repeated if the flomach will bear it, two or three times a day. A remarkable inflance of its efficacy in a Cataleply is given by Mr. Mupce: dofes of half an ounce of the AE: were exhibited twice a day, and a lefs quantity was found ineffectual.— Among the materials I have made trial of for covering its flavour, mace feemed to anfwer the beft. Lewis Mat. Med. ed. Aik. 0.659. Dr. CurLEN coníiders it as an antifpafmodic medicine of confiderable efficacy, but oblerves, that he has fre- quently found it inefficacious, which he attributes partly to the beft remedies failing in difeafes which depend on a diverfity of caufes, and partly to the roots being employed in an improper condition; he is of opinion that it fhould be given in larger dofes than is commonly done. | x 3 JA A Vua. ej » MAMMA ‘ j mn had ‘ » D mg r Mtem VI UM Le etm y. os elus casa eee Py, pmo def fro pam C d, * Shinty S dw MO ICE b ow * > WW m MrzLICA NuTANS. MountTAIn ME-Ic-GRASS. MELICA Lina. Gen. Pl Trianpria Dicynta. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Corpufculum pedicellatum inter flofculos. NeGarzum monophyllum. Szaminabafi dilatata. Linn. Sy/f. Nat. ed. 19. Gmelin. Rau Syn. Gen. 97. HERB GRAMINIFOLIZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERZ. MELICA xutans, petalis imberbibus, panicula nutante fimplici. Linn. Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. $.112.. Sp. Ph ed. 9. p. 98. Flor. Suec. ed. 2.. p. 26. Scopoh Carn. ed. 2. p.67. Lightfs Scot. V. 1. f. Q5. Leers Herb. p. 25. Schreb. Agroft. p. 63. ic. 6. MELICA montana petalis imberbibus, panicula coar€tata, fecunda, ereéta, fubfimplici, floribus pendulis. Hudfon Fl, Angl. ed. 2. 5. 37. POA panicula laxa, locuftis nutantibus dianthis, alterno flofculo imperfe&o. Haller Hf. ». 1472. GRAMEN montanum avenaceum, locuftis rubris. Bauh. Pin. 10. ——————————————————————————————ÓÀÓÓ—M———————— ——— 1 RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fubrepens. | 0 ROOT perennial, fibrous, fomewhat creeping. CULMI pedales aut fefquipedales, fimplices, ere&i, 9 STALKS a foot or a foot and a half high, fimple, foliofi, fcabri, flriati, fubangulofi, inferne upright, leafy, rough, flriated, fomewhat purpurel. angular, below purplifh. FOLIA ad bafin culmi brevia, fquameformia, fufcef- 6 LEAVES at the bafe of the flalk fhort, fcàle-like, centia, ficut afcendunt, longiora et angufliora brownifh, as they afcend becoming longer evadunt; Ícabriufcula, lineam cum dimidia Q and narrower, alme and a half broad, and lata. Q flightly rough. — ' . LIGULA nulla. 9 MEMBRANE at the bale of the leaf wanting. PANICULA bi-triuncialis, fubnutans, fecunda, fimplex, 9 PANICLE two or three inches long, bending down a vel ramofa ; pedunculis capillaribus, rachi § little, with the flowers inclining one way, fubappreffis, flexuofis, erectis, ad lentem vil- fimple or branched; peduncles capillary, lofis, precipue ad flores ubi paululum in- ; preffed to the rachis, crooked, upright; vil- craffantur. lous if magniüed, efpecially at the flower, 0 where they are fomewhat thickened. SPICULZE plerumque triflore, -rudimento flofculi 9 SPICULA ufually three-flowered, rudiment of the pedicell v Q floret £f ing a ft f club. ‘ pedicellato clavato, jig. 9. ; oret forming a fort of club, fg. 9. CALYX: G/uma bivalvis, valvulis inequalibus, ovatis, 6 CALYX: a Glume of two valves, valves unequal, obtufis, obfolete nervofis, primo purpureis, à ovate,- blunt; faintly ribbed, at firft purple, demum fufcefcentibus. jig. 1. Q laftly of a brownifh hue, fg. 1. COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis ineequalibus, 0 COROLLA: a G/ume of two valves, valves unequal, exteriore magna, concava, ovata, multinervia, the outer one large, concave, ovate, many- nervis plerifque mediam valvule vix attingen- 6 ribbed, moft of the ribs fcarcely reaching tibus; interiore lata, plana, multo breviore, 6 half its length; the inner one broad, flat, JIS. 2. » and much fhorter, jig. 2. ! STAMINA: Finamenta 3 capillaria, diftin@a ; 0 STAMINA: 3 capillary Firamenrs, quite diftin& ; ANTHERE llave, jig. 4. 8. Q ANTHERE yellow, fg. 4. 8. GERMEN : lato-ovatum, pellucidum; Srvr: duo, D UE of a broad ovate form, and pellucid ; «C» inferne nudi, fuperne plumofi, patentes, ig. SrvLEs two, naked below, above feathery, 6. 9. 6 and fpreading, fg. 6. 9. NECTARIUM: G/umu/e due, carnofe, truncate, 6 NECTARY : two little G/umer, flefhy, and truncated, fT | 6 figs 7. This elegant fpecies of Melica inhabits rocky and fhady fituations in the more Northern parts of Europe ; Mr. Hupson mentions it as growing in the mountainous woods of Yorkshire, Weftmoreland, and Cumberland ; . Mr. Ligurroor plentifully in Scotland; we obferved it abundantly in Grafs-Wood, near Graffington, in the neighbourhood of Kilnfay, Yorkfhire, a moft romantic fpot, and fertile in rare plants. It flowers in July and Auguft. Mr. Licutroor obferves that it varies with flowers nearly feffile, growing in a fpikeinflead of a panicle. Lzzrns defcription and delineation of the minute parts of the fruétification in this fpecies, contrary to what we generally find in his excellent work, diftinguifhed and much depended on for its accuracy, are very erroneous ; the filaments are not united at the bafe, nor is the neGary formed of one entire circular piece, but of two, having the appearance indeed of one, feparable on a nice diffeétion ; they do not entirely furround the germen ; it is the more neceffary to notice this circumftance, asitappears to have miflead Profeflor GwELIN, who makes the Neéfarzum monophyllum a part of the generic charaéter in the Melica. Profeflor Scureper’s ‘magnified reprefentation of the neGary, to which the fame fault is imputable, may have contributed its fhare alfo. ScunEnER, HarLLER, and ScHEUCHzER, refer to the gramen montanum Jpicatum of Crustus for our plant, but it accords fo ill with it, both as to figure and defcription, that we fufpeét that author muft have meant fome other plant. a2 * Genera undoubtedly run into one another, but furely there is a wide difference between the fructification of this plant and that of a Poa, to which it is referred by Baron Hauer, and of an ira, to which Profeffor Gu rix hints that it might be joined. This fpecies of Melica is eafily cultivated by parting and planting out its roots in autumn, it 1s to be admired for its elegance, but has little pretenfions to be regarded for its utility. Vazyezu + T a S. Edwards al - RE s | nin s adem vars eas Me NEST) t STU M Bromus Dianprus. Dianprous Brome-Grass. BROMUS Linn. Gen, PI. Trtanpria Dieynia, Cal, 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teres, difticha ; arifta infra apicem, Rai Syn. Gen, 27. HERBA GRAMINIFOLI FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER&, BROMUS diandrus panicula ereCo-patente, fpiculis multifloris, flofculis diandris. BROMUS muralis panicula patulo-ereéta fimplici, fpiculis linearibus, floribus acuminatis fcabris, ariftis | longis. Hud/. Fl, Angl. ed. 2. p. 50. BROMUS madritenfis panicula rariore patulo-ereéta; fpiculis linearibus; intermediis geminis, pedicellis | füuperne incraffatis. Linn. Sy/t. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 120. ? GRAMEN bromoides, pumilum, locuflis ere&is, majoribus, ariftatis. Scheuchz. Agr. ed. Hall. p. 260. BROMOS fterilis ere&a panicula major. Barr. ic. 76. 7. 1. | CC PDA OA AM SS AAA nA SE ARCS SERED We many years fince obferved the grafs here reprefented, growing on the wall of a garden near Batterfea Church, fituated at a {mall diftance from the high-road which leads from the Lun to Batterfea, out of which you turn in proceeding to the church ;—a few yards down this turning, on the garden-wall to the right, it will readily be found: for on the fame fpot, we obferved it again this prefent fummer, in company with Mr. Octe, Surgeon, Great Ruffel-Street, Bloom{bury; on the top of the wall it was in a ftunted fate, at the foot of it more luxuriant. On the firft difcovery of this plant, I was induced, from a curfory view, to regard it as a variety of Bromus fferilis, with peduncles fhorter than ufual; but having introduced it to my garden, and found that feveral years culture made no alteration in its principal charaéter, I had little doubt of its being a diftin@ fpecies, and the little I had was completely removed, when I came to diffe& the parts of fruétification; for, to my great aftonifhment, I found that there were only two ftamina to each flower, and that generally. Growing in the fame fituation as the /ferz/r, it is a fmaller plant; the fpicule in the /ferz» ftanding on long peduncles (whereby they are rendered weaker) conftantly droop; in the Z/azdrus the peduncles being fhort, fupport the {picule in an upright pofition; this gives a different air to the plant, which otherwile from the great fimilarity of its flalks, foliage, fize and form of its fpicule, would be very liable to be confounded with the flerilis. | In dry feafons, when the Bromus diandrus grows on walls, it is much fhorter than the plant we have figured; in fuch fituations, more particularly as the plant advances to maturity, the panicle clofes together, and the fpicula become of a brownifh purple hue ; in this ftate it differs fill more obvioufly from the /feri/is, and may be diftinguifhed even at a diftance: we are not, however, to regard this plant as confined to walls; like the Jflerilis, 3t is found on them by accident: we obferved it in the year 1793, on the banks of the Severn, at the foot of St. Vincent's Rock, where my very good friend, Dr. Fon», then refident at Briftol, alfo obferved it to grow in great plenty. If our plant be the Bromus madritenfis of Linn &us, which we are induced to believe, from its according fo well with the figure of BAnnELIER, to which he refers, it will be found to be a native of Spain, and Italy, and perhaps of other different parts of Europe: there can be little doubt of its being the murals of Mr. Hupson, though he has omitted to notice the peculiar circumftance of its having only two ftamina, a phenomenon fo unufual in plants of this tribe, that we have thought it ought to receive its trivial name from it, more efpecially as the plant is found to be confined to no particular country or fituation. It flowers in May and June, and ripens its feeds in July ; is an annual of ready growth, and much difpofed to become a weed. | Unlefs the flowers are examined when very young, the frefh ftamina are not to be feen, but the flowers out of bloom generally retain them in a dried fate. Of foreign graffes there are feveral defcribed with two ftamina, in. particular the Saccharum Thunbergi and Koenigii, and the Agroftis diandra, Linn, Syft. Nat. ed. 19. Gmelin. of our Englifh graffes, none fuch as yet have been obferved, befides the prefent one, and the Anthoxanthum odoratum. Partes Fruélificationis. The Parts of the Fructification. Fig.1. Glume Calycine. ig. 1. The Glumes of the Calyx. Fig. 2. Glume Corollacez. Fig. 2. The Glumes of the Corolla. Fig. 3, 4, 5. 6. Gluma Corollacea interior, Sta- Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. The inner Glume of the Corolla, mina, Piftillum, Neétaria, lente aut. | | Stamina, Piftillum, and Ne¢taries, magnified, Fig. 7. Pifüllum magis auét. MO OLS OOOO Oro Sno, Fig. 7. The Piftillum more enlarged. i ees | ie ee RJ CD. wu | ' tT : ] D CUM P272 SE bera au JF Saryom ocu ‘a s MUN MES T dr i SALTA V teucino etant: UN 3 Aa ies n , 4 5 rt dpa Party ^ Rio curie nds. A A AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA. SILVER Harr-GRASSs. AIRA. Linn. Gen. PA TRIANDRIA DicGyNia. Cal. 2-valvis, 2-florus. Flofeul: abfque interje&to rudimento. Rau Syn. Gen. 27. AIRA caryophyllea, foliis fetaceis, panicula divaricata, floribus ariftatis diftantibus. $:112. Sp. Pl p.97. HERB«z GRAMINIFOLIZE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER X. Linn. Sy. Vegetab. AVENA. diantha, foliis fetaceis, panicula divaricata, Haller Hit. n. 1482. AIRA foliis fetaceis, panicula trichotoma, floribus ariftatis divergentibus. Hud/on FJ. Angl. ed. 2. 2. 36. CARYOPHYLLUS arvenfis glaber minimus. Baub. Pin. 210. GRAMEN paniculatum purpuro-argenteum, locuftis parvis annuum. Hi, Ox. III. 200. 7. 5. f. 11. GRAMEN paniculatum, locuftis purpuro-argenteis annuum. Rai? Syn. p. 407.. Small annual fair- panicled Grafs. p as va —————————A - r' — —áÀM— - - - US — Ld i RADIX annua, fibrofa, fibris paucis, in terram vix defcendentibus, unde plantula venti impetu facile eruitur. CULMUS erectus, fpithamzus, et ultra, teres, ftriatus, foliatus, bitrinodis. FOLIA fetacea, brevia, rigidula, convoluta, erecta lauca, obtufiufcula: Vagine longe, ftriate, COM marginibus membranaceis albi- dis; Membrana magna, acuminata, demum bifida. 5 PANICULA divaricata; Pedunculy folitarii, in culta planta plerumque gemini, longi, ramofi, tri- fidi, glabri; Pedrce/// breves, parum flexuofi ; Flores diftantes. CALYX: Gluma biflora, bivalvis, valvulis ovato-lan- ceolatis, acutis, sequalibus, albidis, nitidis, bafi fubpurpurafcentibus, fg. 1. COROLLA bivalvis, valvule feffiles, fubaquales, calyce vix breviores, virefcentes, acute, exteriore ariftata, fig. 9. 2477/4 prope bafin egrediens, recta, alba, calyce dimidio lon- glor, fig. 3. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA 3, capillaria, longitudine fere floris; AnTHER# oblonge, utrinque furcate, jig. 4. PISTILLUM : GzaMzN ovatum; Sryut 2, patentes, plumofi, fig. 5. SEMEN fubovatum, tectum, fg. 6. denudatum. ROOT annual, fibrous, fibres few, penetrating but a little way into the earth, whence the plant by the violence of the wind, is eafily forced out of the ground. STALK upright, about a fpan high, round, flriated, leafy, with two or three joints. LEAVES fetaceous, fhort, fomewhat rigid, the edges rolled in, upright, glaucous, a little blunt: Sheaths long, ftriated, roughifh, the edges membranous and white; the Membrane large, long-pointed, finally bifid. | PANICLE divaricated ; Peduncles growing fingly, in the cultivated plant ufually two together, long, branched, trifid, and fmooth ; Pedicles fhort, fomewhat crooked ; Flowers diftant. i CALYX: a Glume of two flowers, two-valved, the valves ovato-lanceolate, acute, equal, whitifh, glofly, purplifh at the bafe, /g. 1. a little fhorter than the calyx, greenifh, pointed, the outer one awned, fig. 2. Awn proceeding from near its bafe, ftraight, white, longer by one half than the calyx, fe. 9. STAMINA: 3 capillary FinAMENTS, nearly the | length of the flower; ANTHER# oblong, forked at each end, fig. 4. Q Q Q S ' ¢ Q ( j COROLLA two-valved, valves feffile, nearly equal, Q Q Q Q Q Q ( Q Q @ Q0 PISTILLUM: Geren ovate; STYLES 2, fpreading, and feathery, jig. 5. SEED fomewhat ovate, covered with the corolla, Jig. 6. denuded. The Aira caryophyllea is found with us in fituations nearly fimilar to thofe of the Ara precox, already figured, , viz. on fandy, barren heaths, and fometimes in fallow fields; it is not, however, to be met with in the fame ' -profufion, nor to be found with the fame certainty. It flowers in May and June, and as it is an annual, unlefs it be fought for about its flowering feafon, it will not eafily be difcovered. Our figure reprefents the plant as it is ufually found in its wild flate; in richer foils it grows much larger, and in tufts of a confiderable fize. We have no other Aira for which it can eafily be miftaken, the ffexuo/a which frequently grows in the fame fituations is a perennial, and ufually twice or thrice as high, its fpicule alfo are larger, and more filvery, the precox on the contrary is a {maller plant, and has a much clofer panicle. We never could difcover the propriety of Mr. SriniiNGrLEET'S figuring this plant among his graffes; what has fuch a very infignificant annual to do with the improving of meadows and paftures ? Hg " » Jet "i Nos "t ^ ‘ a a oly ^ c oi p" - 1 o 4 EE = : - - * » (IET P i H " b T TY cut " Lon - 3 P" E - Y= B : INE. Eg RI diri dps E : "et = E j M Sloe et hac NM d TAE e" dE. Ex E EMT ay : cn : E "E DA a e 2 Ar DUET ee 1 3s : ; a xj : J ^ EET ^ ory 2: "d : ‘ TC : E E : EU LM, PNE aso ICE | ; M des . 3 »-. 7 L = t x E = N ic Pri was Mf ^ - 5 30 rodents B wx A . ——M— Ds a Y. t D i-e RT M ROO OT 43 ^ eras QM FEsTUCA PRATENSIS. MEADOW FESCUE-GRASS. FESTUCA. Linn. Gen. P. Trianpria Dicynia. Cal. 2-valvis.' Spicula oblonga, teretiufcula, glumis acuminatis. Raii Sym. Gen. 27. HERBA GRAMINIFOLIA FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERA. FESTUCA pratezfis panicula fecunda obliqua, fpiculis muticis fublinearibus, foliis planis. FESTUCA elarior Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 94. FESTUCA pratenjis panicula ereéta, fpiculis linearibus muticis, foliis planis. — Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 1. A 87. | GRAMEN paniculatum elatius, fpicis longis, muticis, fquamofis. Raz Syn. p. 411. 16. Scheuch, Agroft. p. 202. 2. PHOENIX multiplici fpicata panicula. Branched Darnel-Graffe. Park. Theat. p. 1145. GRAMEN loliaceum panicula multiplici et fpicata. Tourn. 17/7. p. 516. Scheuch. Agroff. p. 200. 1. In the environs of London the Fe/tuca pratenfis is a very common grafs, growing fpontaneoufly in fituations widely varied; we have obferved it in the fand-pits at Charlton, and the ofier grounds near Batterfea; alfo in various paftures, and by the fides of paths; but it abounds moft in fertile meadows which are moderately moift: in many parts of Batterfea meadows it may be found moft plentifully. It flowers about the middle of June; feed from a crop of it fown on ground which I occupy at Brompton, was ripe and cut by the end of the fame month. From long cultivation we have obferved this grafs continue perfectly diftinét, and as we have found it to be a very hardy perennial, producing a great crop of defirable herbage, we have recommended it * as one of the beft of our Britifh grafles. * CA. is Except in fize, arifing from luxuriance of foil, it is not fubje&t to much variation. Several authors have confounded this fpecies with the e/atsor, to which it certainly bears great affinity: Morison and Ray, two of our early writers have the credit of confidering them as diftindt. Ray, in his Hift. PI. has happily difplayed the character of the prazenfis, and Morison has well defcribed and figured the . elatior; it appears clearly alfo from the following words, which we find at the clofe of the latter's defcription of the e/atior, that he regarded the pratenjis as a difiin& fpecies, * alterum in pratis dimidio minus ejufdem forme frequens invenitur, et tanquam diftinéte fpeciei habendum.”—ScHEUCHZER gives a minute defcription of the pratenfis, making two varieties of it without any very apparent reafon : it is remarkable that Linn aus does not refer to this author either for his e/atzor or his variety of it. VAILLANT, as is evident from his references to Ray’s two plants, confiders the e/azzer and pratenfis as the fame, though LiwwAus in his F7 Suec. and Spec. Plant. confounds two plants in his references, and quotes indeed a figure in Ban RELIER, which is neither e/atior nor $ratenfrs, but the Feffuca pinnata Hudf. ed. 2. yet we fufpect t from what he fays of its place of growth, &c. . for his fpecific defcription is a very inadequate one, that our, praten/is 1s his elatior; his var. 8 of the e/atzor in the Sp. P. ed. 3. 1s clearly our e/azior, but in the Syf. Vegetab. ed. 14. his laft work, the e/az/er from a new reference to SCHEUCHZER is evidently made our e/afior, and the variety is wholly loft fight of Mr. Hupsow, in the firft edition of his FZ 4727. gave to this grafs the name of pratenfis, which, as the plant is chiefly found in meadows, is an extremely proper one, and as fuch we moft readily adopt it: in the 2d edition of the fame work, by fome unaccountable miftake, for fuch it muft be, he has been induced contrary to the opinion of all Botanifts to confider it, together with the /o/acea as varieties of the Feffuca fluitans, aflerting that they change to it when cultivated +. We mult obferve that this is not only contrary to our experience in regard to culture, but that we have frequently, and this feafon particularly, obferved the pratenfis growing in feveral wet fpots in Batterfea meadows, clofe to the fucrans, and that both the graffes affumed their ufual appearance; not to mention the different habits of thefe plants, the different form of their fpicule, &c. the fuztans has a nectary differing | widely from that of the prarenfis, elatior, or Jolracéa, and which alone would remove any doubts, could fuch be really entertained on this fubject. The prazenfis differs from the e/azzer in its ufual place of growth; we have indeed found them growing clofe together; but betwixt Batterfea and Vauxhall, where thefe plants grow abundantly, the e/arsor ufually grows feparately from the prarenfis ; and as we have before obferved in the ofier grounds, where it has the advantage of moifture and fome fhade; the razenfir grows more difperfed in the open meadows, not forming fuch large tufts as the e/arior, the c/atior taking plants of equal ftrength and age, and which is to be underftood through the whole of the fubfequent comparifon, is ufually, nearly twice as high, and has foliage twice as broad, as that of the pratenjis; the panicle in the e/atsor is not only much longer, but contains a far greater number of flowers, in ‘the proportion of 64. to 128 taken from medium {pecimens ; the panicle in the pratenfis is ufually once branched, in the other twice; in the e/atior it droops greatly at firft; in the prazenfs but flightly; in the latter it leans to one fide when in flower, and the flowers grow one way; in the e/rer they grow more loofely, fpreading more on all fides, but the fpicula afford one of the moft obvious diftinétions ; in the pratenjfis thefe are fomewhat flat, linear, and obtufe; in the e/az/er more round, ovate, and pointed. | j i Thefe two plants differ alfo about a fortnight or three weeks in their time of flowering. Fig. 1. Spicula. Q Fig. 1. One of the Spicule. o. Glume Calycine. : 2. Glumes of the Calyx. 3, 4. Glune Corollacee. a. A. Corolla. T Neétarta. 5. The Neclartes. 6. Stamina. Ó 6. The Stamina. 7: Piftillum. d 7. The Piflillum. " 8. Semen glumis inclufum. 6 8. The Seed enclofed within the Glumes. g. Semen denudatum. Q g. The Seed taken out. & Vid. Pra&ical obfervations on the Britifh graffes beft adapted for laying down or improving of meadows and paftures. t Since the above was written we have had the fatisfaction to learn from Mr. AFZELIUS, a Swedifh Botanift of the firft eminence now in London, who had the honour of being a pupil to Linn aus, and who meditates a new edition of the FI. Suec. of that illuftrious author, that the pratenfis here figured is indifputably the elatior of the Fl. Suec. a name Linnaus had been induced to give it from its being the talleft feftuca, he had then feen growing, for it appears that he was at that time a ftranger to our Feftuca elatior. + a (Feftuc. fluitans) fata in hortis mutatur in £ (lolicea) et y. (pratenfis) primo anno in @ fecundo in y. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 47. Se 72272 Jte nat. C NAT LU ep XY Az. wer, um | p 2e ee. / Libby Wluries, Stivo-dresvenl, Dec: f f 797. Festuca ErarioR. 'Tlarr Fescurk Gnass. FESTUCA Linn. Gen. PL Trianpria Dicynta. aL, . Cal. 2 valvis. Spicu/a oblonga, teretiufcula, glumis acuminatis. Ran Sym. Gen. 97. HERBA GRAMINIFOLLE FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER A. FESTUCA eror panicula decompofita, primo nutante, florente fubereéta, fpiculis ovato-lanceolatis acutis muticis, foliis planis. | FESTUCA ear panicula fecunda ere&ta, fpiculis fubariftatis, exterioribus teretibus. Linn. Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 118. Sp. Ph p. 111. var. B. Schreb. Gram. 1. 9. pi 94. | POA folüs latis afperis, locuftis teretibus muticis, glumarum oris membranaceis. Ha//. Hif. n. 14 uae FESTUCA err panicula fecunda erecta ramofa, ramis binatis, {piculis ovatis fubariftatis, foliis planis. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 9. p. 47. GRAMEN arundinaceum aquaticum panicula avenacea. Razz Syn. ed. 3. p. 411. 14. GRAMEN paniculatum nemorofum latiore folio glabrum, panicula nutante, nonariftata, — Raz; Syn. Ai ts 15. | GRAMEN ur Hit. locuftis viridi fpadiceis loliaceis, brevius ariflatis. Scheuch. Agroft. b. 266. GRAMEN loliaceum fpica divifa pratenfe majus. Mori/. Hifl. Ox. 111. 184. 4 2. fi 15. ) ROOT perennial, furnifhed with numerous brown fibres, much branched, and tightly villous. STALKS. from two to three feet high, or more in a rich foil, upright, round, {mooth, jointed, ufually purple at the bafe. LEAVES towards the root, a foot or a foot and a half long, and three or four lines broad, gradually tapering to a point, above and on the edges roughifh, ftriated, on the under fide keeled, a little gloffy, embracing the flalk, the very bale of a yellowifh green colour; membrane very fhort and truncated, leaves of the ftalk ' fhorter ; Shearhs ftriated and fmooth. PANICLE from a fpan to a foot in length, at firft for the moft part drooping, becoming afterwards nearly upright; Branches generally growing in pairs, unequal, for the moft part fubdivided into fmaller ones, tumid at the bafe; Rachis angular, crooked, roughifh, gloffy. SPICULAZE ovato-lanceolate, roundifh, variegated with green and. purple, containing about eight RADIX perennis, fibris numerofis, fufcis, ramofiffimis, fubvillofis. CULMI bi-tripedales et ultra in pingui folo, erecti, teretes, glabri, nodofi, ad bafin plerumque ; urpurel. FOLIA inferiora pedalia, aut fefquipedalia, tres quaterve lineas, lata, fenfim acuminata, fu- perne et ad margines fcabriufcula, ftriata, inferne carinata, nitidula, amplexicaulia, bafi ipfa e flavo virefcente; membrana breviflima truncata, caulina breviora; Vagine frate, leves. PANICULA {pithamea, aut pedalis, primo plerumque nutans, poftea fuberecta; Ram; plerumque binati, inzequales, in ramulos plerumque fub- divif, ad bafin tumidi; Rachzs angulofus, flexuofus, {cabriufculus, nitidus. - SPICULZ ovate-lanceolate, teretiufcule, viridi et purpureo variegata, fubottoflore, nunc mu- " : ^ o tice, jig. 2. nunc brevius ariflate, fy. 1. flowers, fometimes without, //g. 2. fometimes having fhort awns, jig. 1. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, which are unequal and taper to a point, jg. 9. COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves nearly equal, pointed, the outermoft larger and a little longer than the other, jg. 4. the inner one often bifid, jig. 5. STAMINA: three capillary Finaments; ANTHER& linear and yellow, magnified, s. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate, fmooth; STYLES two, Ípreading, feathery, fg. 7, 8. NECTARY two {mall G/umer at the bafe of the germen, ovate with a long point, ufually furrifhed on the fide with a long flender tooth, fie. 9. CALYX: G/uma bivalvis, valvis 1nzequalibus, acuminatis, SRB COROLLA bivalvis, valvis fubequalibus acutis, ex- terlore majore, et paulo longiore, fg. 4. in- teriore fzpe bifida, fig. 5. STAMINA: FiraAMENTA tria, capillaria; ANTHER lineares, flavee, auct. jig. 6. j | PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, leve; Sryut duo, patentes, plumofi, fg. 7, 8. NECTARIUM: G/umule duse, ad bafin germinis, "m ovato-acuminate, denticulo laterali acuminato plerumque inftructe, jig. 9. DOD De Di Qo Oe Qe Gt Qe MQ XC Kx WOW OKO Ke DeC «OOo Ov w «Oe De De QoQ "The three Graffes figured in the prefent number, differ fo materially in their ufual appearance when growing wild, that from the firft we have been induced to confider them as diftin& fpecies; that we might however profit by the light which cultivation m numerous inftances throws on fpecies and varieties, we brought them into our garden, and after cultivating them many years in different foils and fituations, find aurfelves jufti&ed in the idea originally entertained. | The firft of thefe, the Fe/fuca elzrior, 1s the leaft common of the three, and with us the moft local, atteciing and found chiefly in wet fituations, as on the edges of the rivulets proceeding from the Thames, in the ofier grounds adjoining it, and more rarely in moift meadows and woods: we have obferved it this year 1791, in great plenty in an Ofier-ground adjoining the Thames, nearly oppofite the phyfic-garden, Chelfea; Ray mentions it as having been found by Mr. Doopy, between London and Chelfea: 1t grows in large tufts, and is rendered confpicuous by the breadth of its leaves, the height of its flems, and the drooping of its panicle, at leaft before 1t flowers. The ftudent muft be careful not to miftake it for the Bromus hirfurus and giganteus already figured in this work, and which have fome affinity to it at leaft in point of fize. | In open meadows, being in every refpe&t fmaller, it is not fo diftinguifhable. It flowers about the latter end of June and beginning of July. We find it to be a hardy, perennial, and very produtüve grafs, and that it will grow on moderately dry foils better than might be expetied; we apprehend however that it is too harfh and coarfe, either for hay or pafture : we recommend it neverthelefs to the notice of the Agriculturift; it probably may prove a good graís for foils which cannot be drained of their too great moifture, or which are apt to be overflown. In very luxuriant {pots the leaves will fometimes be found half an inch wide, as VarrLrANT defcribes it; in general, fize excepted, we difcover very little variation in the habit or characters of this grafs: in regard to Arifia, indeed, it varies as moft other graffes are obferved to do. | We have found it for the moft part beardlefs, fome authors defcribe it with, others without an Arifla, v/d. | Synon. Captain Dorset, who has beftowed great attention on the Britifh Grafles, fent mea fpecimen this year, gathered near Woolwich, the flowers of which were all fhortly bearded. ' Unfortunately for tbe ference, ‘ On the awn there's no reliance. We have frequently noticed it in thofe grafles, which, according to their charaéter, fhould not have it, and wanting where it ought to have been ; this fummer in particular, Lobferved a plant of the dvene elatior without awns, the fingularity of which prompted me to remove its root to my garden, Our figure egre ti the Feffuca elatior juft coming into bloom, nat Cà vh ty a its oor i opo : TUINT 3f B. ie fmi 1 Sagi dp dU za) c ET v TEES pa bal dS | d ld ty 4 Ju PII m DES SS — = e 3 <= Pub. dy Wurts Seco inypent, Dect, /70t. FEsTUCA LOLIACEA. DARNEL FESCUE-GRASS. FESTUCA. Linn. Gen. Pl. Trianpria Dreynta. Cal. 2-valvis. Spicula oblonga, teretiufcula, glumis acuminatis. Rak Sym. Gen. 97. HERBA S RAIVEPUETA FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER E; FESTUCA /bwicez fpicata, fpiculis alternis feffilibus, compreffis muticis. | Hud/: F7. Angi. 5 1; 5. 38. POA locuftis diftichis, fpicatis, muticis. Hall Hif. 1.1452; PHCENIX longius fpicata, Park. Theat. p. 1146. fig. to the left ? From the various appearances which this plant affumes, it may be ftyled the very Proteus of Grafles ; in its molt ufual form it bears a refemblance to the Lo/um perenne, and hence it has been confidered by fome as a variety of that plant, and as fuch it is figured by Morison; when branched, which it frequently is, it ap- proaches near to, and has been taken for the Fe/twca pratenfis, but it indifputably is a diftiné plant from both. With us it grows fpontaneoufly, and plentifully in moift fertile meadows. In root, ftalk, leaves, and habit, it comes fo near to the Lo/um perenne as {carcely to be diftinguifhed from it, but ufually exceeds it in height by about one third; the flowers in general grow in a fimple fpike, from eight inches to a foot in length, bending a little towards the top ; the {picule are feffile, nearly-an inch long, diverg- ing from and for the moft part placed obliquely to the rachis, fometimes ftanding on foot-ftalks of different lengths, the lowermoft ones about an inch long, nearly round, flattened a little on the fides, running out to a oint ; the uppermolt ones fhorter and fomewhat broader, containing from ten to fifteen flowers; the calyx ufually confifts of two valves uneaual in fize, the innermoft frequently fmall, lateral, and fometimes wanting s« the other parts of the fruétification are very fimilar to thofe of the pratenfis and elatior. The flowers, as we before obferved, ufually grow in a fimple fpike: this fpike not unfrequently occurs branched ; then its appearance is greatly altered, and it approaches nearer to the feftuca pratenfis; but in that tate it is diftinguifhed from it by the length of its fpiked panicle; moft commonly the branches grow from the _ bafe of the fpike, fometimes from the middle; in Batterfea meadows, where this grafs 1s found abundantly, I have obferved a variety, in which the fpiculae were fhorter than ufual, and two or three of them grew together from the fame point ; but the grand difficulty which the ftudent has to encounter in relation to this grafs is, when he meets with that variety of it, which having fhorter and broader fpicule than ufual, refembles Lolium perenne fo much, as to make him ready to exclaim, “ they are the fame :” in this dilemma there are three cha- ra&ters, fome one of which I have never yet known to fail: firft, the fituation of the fpicule with refpe& to the rachis; the edge of thefe in the Lolium is always parallel with the rachis, which gives the fpike a flat appear- ance; in the loliacea they are placed more or lefs obliquely: fecondly, in the Lolium perenne there is never more than one valve to the calyx, which is a flrong one, ufually two thirds as long as the fpicula; in the Feft. lol. there is for the moft part two, though it often happens that the inner one 1s very fmall, imperfe&, and fometimes wanting altogether: but it happens very rarely indeed that the inner valve is wanting in all the {picule of a {pike from the fame root; fhould this chara€ter fail, our dependance muft be, thirdly, on the length of the outer valve of the calyx, which rarely is more than one third as bos as the fpicula. . We have dwelt thus. minutely, tedioufly we fear fome may think, on thefe citcumftances, from a wifh to remove all doubts refpe&ting this plant, and fave fuch as may honour the Flora Lond. with their perufal, from expe- riencing the difficulties and perplexities in which it has frequently involved us. | The Feftuca loliacea comes into bloom about the fame time as the pratenfis, it is therefore not fo early as fome other graffes; we have found it from many years culture a hardy perennial of very quick growth, producing a larger but fomewhat fimilar crop to ray grafs, fucceeding beft in a moift foil; it is however rather harfh and ftalky; thofe qualities excepted it would appear to be equal in goodnefs to fome of the beft of our pafture graffes, and as fuch we recommend it to the notice of the Agriculturifl: there is one circumftance attends this gra{fs which we muft not omit to make known, as it highly concerns its culture, and affords a fomewhat unufual inflance of vegetable oeconomy : the cultivated plant has produced me no perfeét feeds, either at Lambeth- Maríh or Brompton; the fame nearly may be faid of the elatior, while the pratenfis has conftantly produced _ good feeds in abundance. In the firft edition of Mr. Hupson’s Fl. Angl. we find this Feftuca under the name of loliacea, a name ‘highly proper, whether we confider it as referring to the Lolium perenne, which it fo much refembles, or to the affinity it bears to the genus Lolium; for it certainly is the connetting link of the Feftuca and Loliun ; we have to regret, however, that the ingenious author fhould derogate from the merit of making it a fpecies, by confidering it in the fecond edition of the fame work as a variety of the Feftuca fluitans. i Partes Fructificationis. Parts of Fructification. Fig. 1. Spicula. DF ig. 1. One of the Spicule. 2. Glumes of the Calyx. 2. Glume calycine. C EU 3, 4. ————— Corolla. 5. The Neétaries. 6. The Stamina. 7. The Piftillum. 9: as 5. Neélaria. 6. Stamina. 7. Piftillum. AW: * I LAS 7.15 "md aij e 1 "in: lr suse egy ài 4 es af. nu Teu KO MALO EHE n4 AURIS Ut ARCH Hb Pula ur AUT r oit bid soley sea his ut uk er nud ode 2$ b HOME Cue: » Zi Mtis Lor iS m | TWAS mei isha qp Ur Wl cerei id i n er ASI yy vede ed sr peace th hase ue ot, ve E ePi ae Aa ee TTS Aer Rt ELTE MR. Pu A M s i i55 13 UT T POT d ER. ee LE yc Y Mera EUN "2 PoA RETROFLEXA. REFLEXED MEADOW-GRASs. POA Lin. Gen. Pl. Trtanpria Dicynia. | Cal. 2-valvis, multiflorus. Spicula ovata: valvulis margine fcariofis acutiufculis, Raw Syn. Gen. 97. YERBA GRAMINIFOLIZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER E. POA cer panicula diffufa, ramis poft flote(centiam retroflexis, fpiculis fublinearibus fubquin- quefloris. | POA d»fans panicula ramis fubdivifis, floribus quinquefloris: flofculis diftantibus obtufis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. 5. 115. ? AIRA aquatica var B.. Hud/on Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 5. 34. | ! RADIX perennis, fibrofa. ROOT perennial, and fibrous. CULMI plures, fpithamzi, pedales, aut fefquipedales, : obliqui, foliofi, inferne fubinfra&i, teretes, * leves. STALKS feveral, afpan, a foot or a foot and a half in length, oblique, leafy, flightly elbowed below, round and fmooth. A as EE S Ae FOLIA. glauca, levia, acuta, radicalia fubconvoluta, 2 LEAVES glaucous, fmooth, pointed, . radical leaves . caulina plana, erecto-patentia; Ligula brevis, : fomewhat rolled up, ftalk-leaves flat, betwixt obtufa, fubtruncata, fubinde bifida; Vagina upright and fpreading; Membrane {hort, levis. obtufe, fomewhat truncated, now and then bifid ; Sheath fmooth. FLORES paniculati, panicula palmaris aut fefquipe- à FLOWERS growing ina panicle, a hand’s breadth or dalis, diffufa, ramis inequalibus, ramofis, half a foot in length, fpreading, the branches fubflexuofis, tandem ad bafin pertumidis et : unequal, ramified, fomewhat crooked, finall retro porrectis, inferioribus fubquinis. * much {welled at the bafe, and ftretched out backwards, the lowermoft about five in number. a A EAE NS ELA BM ELA RES Oe ast SES WTS BEE BH AE SIR SPICUL fublineares, fubquinqueflorz, nonnunquam penitus virides, at fzpius albo et purpureo pulchre variegate, jig. 1, 2, 9. SPICULZ&E fomewhat linear, containing five flowers, more or lefs, fometimes entirely green, but more often prettily variegated with white and purple, fig. 1, 2, 3. CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvulis ovatis, obtufis, concavis, inzqualibus, altero duplo breviore, : Jig. 4. au&t. CALYX: a Glume of two valves, the valves ovate, obtufe, hollow, unequal, one of them not more than half the length of the other, jig. 4. magnified. 5 ' A v, 2 Vg glee site tthe atl) V Ye te aene e e t e e e EL EL A BG tae ERE ONE RI t COROLLA: bivalvis, valvulis fubequalibus, exte- 4 COROLLA: compofed of two valves, the valves riore majore, concava, obtufiufcula, SiS: 5, nearly equal, the outer one largeft, concave, © interiore plerumque bifida, ad lentem utrin- a little blunt, fig. 5, the inner one ufually . que ciliata, fig. 6. bifid, and, if magnified, edged on each fide with hairs, fig. 6. Se Tee ate Ee e e tet STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria; ANTHERA STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS ; ANTHER.E parva, lutez, jig. 7. {mall and yellow, fg. 7. Leda media pene PISTILLUM: Germewn obovatum, fj. 8; Sryi1 $ PISTILLUM: Germewn inverefely ovate, fig. 8: duo, patentes, ad bafin ufque ramofi, fig.g. 4 STYLES two, fpreading, branched down to 5 the bottom, jig. 9. NECTARIUM: Glumule duse, ovato-acute, ad i NECTARY : compofed of two fmall G/umes, ovate : bafin germinis, fig. 10. di and pointed, at the bafe of the germen, iz. 10. Fig.i1 exhibet fpiculam fpeciminis ficcati in qua & Fig. 11 exhibits the fpicula of a dried fpecimen, in flofculi remotiores et fubtruncati. * which the.flowers are further apart, and ap- : pear fomewhat truncated at top. It is rather matter of admiration, that this Grafs fhould have efcaped the notice of Mr. Rav, fince it is | . common in paftures and by road fides on all our fea-coafts, at leaft where we have travelled; like the Plantago maritima and fome other plants, it is not confined to maritime fituations: for, to my great aftonifhment, I found it, July 1786, among the graffy herbage on the right-hand fide of the horfe-road leading up the hill to Hampftead in tolerable plenty. Though, at firft fight, it bears a near refemblance to the Poa annua, and for which I have no doubt but it is often miftaken, a difcerning eye will readily perceive a difference at a diftance, and a clofe examination will difcover abundant matter to confirm it. A | As it ufually grows, it is confiderably taller than the Poa annua, its leaves are narrower in proportion, and much more glaucous, its fpicule alfo are much narrower as well as longer, and, of courfe, contain many more florets; thefe are for the moft part prettily variegated with pale green and purple; but the grand character which diflinguifhes?it from the Poa annua, and, as far as we have obferved from all the other Poas, is to be drawn from the branches of the panicle ; thefe, as the plant goes out. of bloom, are reflected or ftretched out backwards, fo as fometimes to touch the culmus or main ítem. On examining into the caufe of this, I found it was effected by little tubercles at the bafe of the branches on their upper fides only, which increafing in fize as the plant advanced in its flowering; forced them backwards. The peculiarity of this character induced us to adopt a name expreflive of it, notwithftanding we had ftrong reafons to fuppofe our plant the Poa diftans of Linn aus, a term expreffing very diftantly indeed any character of the plant. ; Mr. Hupson gives a particular defcription of this Grafs, but confiders it as a variety only of the Azra aquatica: what could induce him to form fuch an opinion, is difficult to fay, we can affure our readers, that » fix years culture has made no alteration in the appearance of the Poa retroflexa. — . There does not appear to be fufficient merit in this Grafs to recommend it for agricultural purpofes. It flowers from June to September, Maren. di heat b AT PT TORRES E "f 4 s male e Eger nte tne oig A git qe ti aiti i i * OU ES E Jee = Ste esu duo weoffemp Y pup SIMONP g p PoA PROCUMBENS. PROCUMBENT MEADOW-GRAsSS. POA. Linn, Gen. Pl. Trianprid Dicynia. . "c A. 6 DM Jt — Cal, 2-valvis multiflorus. Sprcule ovate, valvis margine fcariofis acutiufculis, __, Rai Sym. Gen. 97.. HERBA GRAMINIFOLIA, FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFERA, POA procumbens cülmis inflexo:procumbentibus, panicula fecunda rigida; {piculis fublinearibüs; fubquinquefloris ; flofculis obtufis bafi pilofis. | RADIX perennis, fibrofa. § ROOT perennial, and fibrous. CULMI plures, palmares, femipedales et ultra, bi, Q STEMS many, from four to fix inches or more in trinodes, plerumque procumbentes, foliofi, Q length, having two or three joints, for the leves, fuperne compreffi, 3 moft part procumbent, leafy, {mooth, flattened : . | | towards the panicle. j LEAVES glaucous, fhort, two lines broad, fcored, when viewed with a magnifier appearing to be thickly covered with roughifh tranfparent FOLIA glauca, brevia, lineas duas lata, lineata, ad lentem punti diaphanis fubafperis confertis utrinque adfperfa, margine minutiffime fer- rulata; Ligu/a brevis, amplexicaulis, alba, acutiufcula; Vagina foliorum intus nitida, extus fuperficies eadeni ut in foliis; dots, the edge very minutely fawed ; Mem- 2d érane {hort, embracing the flalk, white, fome- what pointed ; Sheath of the leaves gloffy on the infide, the furface on the outfide the fame as that of the leaves, " FLOWERS in a panicle. PANICLE about two inches long, rigid, fomewhat ovate, and now and then bent a little back- wards, turning chiefly to one fide, branched, the branches growing in pairs, unequal, the outer one largeft, in the lower branches a fingle fpicula is moft commonly placed in the middle betwixt them, in impoverifhed fpeci- mensafpicula often holds the placeof a branch. PEDUNCLES: the common peduncles round, naked, crooked, marked at the bafe on the upper fide with a glandular kind of fubflance. RACHIS round, fmooth, with two grooves on the | Q ; | à infide. à Q | : Ó à FLORES paniculati. . PANICULA fubbiuncialis, rigida, fubovata, deorfum fubinde flexa, fubfecunda, ramofa, ramis bi- natis ingequalibus, exteriore majore, fpicula fimplici in ramis inferioribus plerumque me- dio inter ramos pofita, in fpeciminibus minus luxuriantibus fpicula locum ramuli obtinet. PEDUNCULI communes, teretes, nudi, flexuofi, fub- ftantia glandulofa ad bafin fuperne notata. RACHIS teres, lavis, interne bifulca. SPICUL E in the larger branches about fix in number, in the fmaller ones four, feflile, containing about five flowers, fomewhat linear, roundifh, flightly flattened, placed at equal diftances from each other. SPICULZE in ramis majoribus fex circiter, in minori- bus quatuor, feffiles, fubquinqueflore, fub- lineares, compreflo-teretiu{culz, aequidiftantes. FLOSCULI obtufi, ad bafin pilofi. CALYX: G/uma bivalvis, valvulis inzequalibus, viridi- bus, albo marginatis, obtufiufculis, fg. 1. FLORETS obtufe, hairy at the bafe. CALYX: a G/ume of two valves, the valves unequal, green, edged with white, and fomewhat blunt, jg. 1. | COROLLA: a G/ume of two valves, the valves fome- what equal, the outer one largeft and five- ribbed, the inner one narroweft and two- ribbed, the ribs edged with hairs, fig. 2. STAMINA: three capillary FILAMENTS; ANTHERA oblong, and yellow, jg. 9. PISTILLUM: Geren obovate, of a pale green colour; Sry Les two, fpreading and ramified ^ COROLLA : G/uma bivalvis, valvis fubzqualibus, ex- terlore majore quinquenervi, interiore angul- tiore binerve, nervis ciliatis, jig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria capillaria; ANTHERA | oblonge, flave, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, pallide virens ; STYLI duo, patentes ad bafin ufque ramofi, | quite to the bafe, jig. 5. NECTARY : two {mall tranfparent G/umer, tumid and ' dlefhy at the bafe, a little longer than the germen, jig. ' Hd A 4. A SEMEN oblongum, leve, glumis inclufum, fg. 6. Ü'SEED oblong, fmooth, enclofed in the glumes, fg. 6. Jo dft 5. NECTARIUM: Glumule due, diaphanz, bafi tumi- dz carnofe, germine paulo longiores, jig. 4. On In the Autumn of 1793, having occafion to be at Briftol, I fpent great part of a day in examining the plants of the famous St. Vincents Rock, adjoining Clifton- Wells; and at the foot of the rock, on the edge of the river Severn, I obferved a tuft of grafs, with a few panicles of ripe feed on it, afluming a different appearance to any grafs I had been accuftomed to fee: I fought for more of it about the fame fpot, but without fuccefs ; flattering myfelf that it might turn out to be a new fpecies, I took up the only root there was, and gathered the feeds, planting the one, and fowing the other, in my garden at Brompton; the next feafon it flowered with me, and gave me an opportunity of difcovering that it was a fpecies of Poa, perfeétly diftin& from all our others. In its general habit it comes near to Poa annua, it bears an affinity allo to Poa rigida ; but from both thofe as well as from all our other Poa’s, it is diftinguifhed by many curious and interefting particulars. One of the moft ftriking characters of this grafs is to have its ftalks for the moft part procumbent; but this procumbence, if we may be allowed the expreffion, does not appear to originate in the ufual way, from the weaknels of the flalk, but from its being bent downward at a joint near its bafe; as every ftem is not thus aCted on, fome of them are frequently found nearly upright: the foliage of this plant 1s of a glaucous hue, and, if examined with a magnifier, is found to be covered with numerous rough particles of a filvery hue; the panicle has a greater degree of rigidity than that of Poa annua, the fpicule are much longer, lefs flat, and more regularly diftant from each other, and each floret is c///aed at its bafe ; {uch are the moft obvious differences ; many others may be difcovered from an attention to the defcription.: Not fatisfied with having found a fingle fpecimen of this plant, we delayed publifhing this account, hoping that it might be found more abundantly elfewhere ; in the beginning of Auguft an opportunity of making this difcovery fortunately prefented itfelf. , Sir THomas FRANKLAND, an early and warm encourager of the F/ora Londinenfis, which in many points has been improved by his friendly and judicious obfervations, fent me, from Clifton (where he then was on a vifit) fome feeds and {pecimens of plants gathered near that fpot; I immediately wrote to him, and enclófing a fpecimen of my Poa, requefted him to fearch for it; on the 7th of the fame month I received a letter from him, containing fpecimens of the fame grafs, with the following defirable information: * I had fortunately noticed * the grafs you enclofed in your letter, which grows in fome plenty in the inundated parts of the wafte * ground weft of the wet dock, below Clifton; it feemed moft like Pog rigida, its habit was new to me, and I * {uppofed it a variety of that grafs.” Ina letter afterwards, Sir Tuomas informs me, that he had found the fame grafs abundantly on the Pier at Scarborough ; and we have lately been informed, that it has been found on the Effex Coalt. Culture produces little alteration in its appearance; it grows readily from feed, and flowers during moft of the Summer: from the fame root, which is clearly perennial, we have, as in Poa annua, young fhoots and ripe feeds, > D UO A oxi e 1 Ce b unt x Vra pol ay at erty " YE E Acrostis SETAcEA. SuErr’s FescUE-LEAVED AGROSTIS. NGROSTIS. Dien Gch) Peseta NE Cal. 2-valvis, 1-florus, corolla paulo minor. Svigmata longitudinaliter hifpida. - ra Rau Sym. Gen. 27, HERBA GRAMINIFOLIAZ FLORE IMPERFECTO CULMIFER A. * AGROSTIS Jetacea foliis fetaceis, culmo erecto. AGROSTIS canina v. Y foliis fetaceis rigidis glaucis, culmo ere&to. Hudf FJ. Angl. ed. 2. p. 91. AVENA. monantba, paniculata, foliis fetaceis, gluma calycina exafperata; arifta flore duplo longiore. Hall. Hifl. m. 1478. — | GRAMEN parvum paniculatum alpinum panicula fpadicea ariftatum. Scheuchz. Agroff. p. 140. 1. Prod. p. 22. t. fv. AGROSTIS alpina. Diagn. unum petalum truncatum aut bifidum, e bafi promit ariftam bafi J recurvatum. Scop. F/. Carn. ed. 2. 5. 61. — CL EL € AA AAA AA ALES SOC A A i RI RADIX perennis, fibrofa, ; ROOT perennial, and fibrous. FOLIA radicalia numerofa, fafciculata, glauca, rigi- 9 LEAVES, thofe next the root numerous, growing in dula, fetacea, teretiufcula, hinc fulcata, bafi bundles, glaucous, fomewhat rigid, briftle- vaginis inclufa, ligula alba, ere&ta, ‘inftru€a, Íhaped, roundifh, grooved on one fide, at caulina pauca, {ubulata, folüs radicalibus their bafe enclofed 1n fheaths, furnifhed with paulo latiora, erecta, fefunciam longa. a white ere£t membrane, thofe of the ftalk few, fubulate, a little broader than the radical leaves, upright, an inch and a half in length. CULMI plures, fpithamzi, pedales et ultra, fubere@i, 2 STEMS feveral, from a fpan to a foot or more in: trinodes, {cabriufculi, praefertim fuperne. length, nearly upright, having ufually three knots, roughifh, efpecially on the upper part. PANICULA bi-triuncialis, fubcoarétata, tandem fpi- ciformis. PANICLE, two or three inches long, fomewhat clofed, finally fpike-like. Q Q Q Q Q Q ó j CALYX: Guiuma bivalvis, valvis lanceolatis, acumi- 9 CALYX: à Giume of two valves, the valves lanceo- natis, fubzequalibus, carina ad. lentem fcabri- 0 late, long-pointed, nearly equal, the keel ufcula, purpurafcentibus, jig. 1. . rough when magnified, purplifh, fe. 1. | Q Q Q 0 Q Q 6) à COROLLA bivalvis, glumis calycinis brevior, valvula exteriore majore, longitudine fere calycis, nervofa, nervis duobus plerumque longioribus, hinc apice bifida, fig. 2; ariftata, arilta e bafi valvule, et ejufdem fere longitudinis, primo recta, fig. 3; demum geniculata, valvula in- terior, minima, jig. 4; planiufcula, diaphana, vix germine longior, bafi utrinque falciculo minimo pilorum inftructa, fig. 5. COROLLA of two valves, fhorter than the glumes of . the calyx, the outer valve largeft, nearly the length of the calyx, ribbed, two of the ribs ufually longer than the reít, which gives to the tip. a bifid appearance, fig. 2; awned, awn Ípringing from near the bafe of the valve, and nearly of the fame length, at firft {traight, //g. 3; finally jointed, the inner valve very minute, fig. 4; [carcely longer than the germen, furnifhed at its bafe on each fide with a very minute tuft of hairs, HE. 5. | STAMINA: FILAMENTA tria, capillaria ; ANTHER2 § STAMINA: three FiLAMENTS, capillary; ANTHER# bifurce, purpuree, jig. 7. 6 | purple, TE PISTILLUM: GznMEN ovatum; SrYL: duo, pa- 6 PISTILLUM : GzRMEN ovate; STYLES two, fpread- tentes, ad bafin ufque plumofi, fg. 8. : " ing, feathery quite to the bafe, jg. 8. MG NECTARIUM : GruwuurL duo, lanceolate, acumi- 9 NECTARY : two minute GruMzs, lanceolate, long- nate, jig. 6. Q . pointed, fig. 6. In the feveral catalogues of plants publifhed by me at different periods, I have long fince given to this very diftin& fpecies of Agroftis the name of /étacea, or Sbeep's fefcue-leaved, the foliage being much finer than that of any other of our Britifh fpecies, and confiderably refembling that of the Sheep's Felcue graís; regarding this name as more expreffive than that of a/pzza, which was perhaps previoufly given it by Scorori, I am not inclined to alter it, more efpecially as Gwxriw has alfo an a/pina, which, if we pay any regard to his figure of reference, is not our plant. | The firft information I received of this grafs was from my Gardener, Rosert Squiss, who fent me up fome tufts of it from Piddletown-Heath, Devonfhire, where his relations lived; I have fince found it to be one of the moft common plants of that county, and Cornwall, there being fcarcely a heath in either on which it does not abound ; I have found it alfo plentifully on Bagfhot-Heath, but not in the neighbourhood of London; Lord Gainssporoucu obferved it near Lymington, Hampfhire. It flowers in July and ripens its feeds in Auguft. me ee a Readily as it grows in its wild ftate, I have not been able to keep it alive in my garden without planting it in bog earth, and beflowing unufual care on 1t. | : me "s. The peculiarity of its place of growth, the finenefs of its glaucous leaves, the clofenefs of its panicle, the length of its arifte, fo clofely embraced is one of the valves of the calyx as to appear at firft as if proceeding from it, which we have never obferved to be wanting, joined to other chafaéters noticed in the defcription, fufficiently point it out to the moft common obferver. : As am agricultural plant, it does not appear to have much to recommend it; where it abounds, it muft conftitute much of the fheep feed. ; CL A SLT " SE dwards del Fano seul be S. E in. z EQ | S = | N “em M | SN | WN Nt. Ze "E Y ——— =. * | 3 SSS Ü—À : RE eee e E = = ———- = M ! Mf t j $/ / fo hee Ss GALIUM VERUM. YELLOW LapiES-BEDSTRAW. Linn. Gen. Pl. 'ÜTETRANDRIA Monoeynia. Cor. monopetala, plana, Sem. duo, fubrotunda, Ra Syn. Gem, 12. HzRm& STELLAT &. "GALIUM verum foliis o&onis. linearibus fulcatis, ramis floriferis brevibus. Lin: Sy/t. Veg. ed. i4 Murr. p.150. Sp. Pl. p. 155. GALIUM foliis linearibus, peranguftis, oétonis, racemis multifloris, fpicatis; Hall, Hif m. 716. Scop. Fl. Carm. a. 153. GALLIUM luteum. Bauh. Pim p. 335. Ger. em. 1126. Park. 565. Ram Syn. p. 924. Yellow Ladies-Bedftraw, or Cheefe-Rening. — Hudf. F7. Angi. ed. 2. p. 69. | RADIX perennis, repens, tenuis, fublignofa, lutea. — ROOT perennial, creeping, flender, fomewhat woody, | & of a yellow colour. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, flightly four-cornered, a little crooked, Jointed, rough, below flightly, above more obvioufly pube- {cent, of a pale green colour, branched to- wards the top; the joints cylindrical, fome- what ovate, whitifh, furrounded with a {light margin; Branches crofs-ways oppofite, the alternate ones much the fhorteft, betwixt up- right and fpreading, flower-bearing. FOLIA fubpollicaria, margini genicularum inferta, à LEAVES about an inch in length, inferted into the fefhlia, verticillata, reflexo-patula, linearia, 4 edge of the joints, feflile, whorled, fpread- obtufiufcula, fubmucronulata, bafi attenuata, * ing and fomewhat turned back, linear, blunt- margine utrinque revoluto, aculeifque minu- & ifh, with a flight point, narrowed at the bafe; tis oculo armato tantum confpicuis furfum ° the edge on each fide rolled back, and rough afpero, fupra rugofiufcula, obícure viridia, ; with minute prickles turned upwards, which nitentia, fubtus canaliculata, pallidiora, in- : are vifible only with a magnifier, above flightly feriora plerumque oGona, non raro dena, ; wrinkled, of a deep green colour, glofly, un fuperiora feptena, fena, quina, quaterna, fu- 4 derneath hollowed, of a paler colour, the low- prema terna, bina, et ad ultimos pedicellos ? ermoft growing ufually eight in a whorl, not fingula, unfrequently ten, the upper ones decreafing to 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and even 1 at the extre- : mities of the branches. FLOWERS growing in a panicle, numerous, fmall, yellow, fragrant with a peculiar odour. PANICLE compofed of the flowering branches, about a fpan in length, interrupted, branched, branches many-flowered, unequal, leafy, the | {mall leaves of the pedicles fingle. j CALYX fcarcely vifible, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, fpreading, without any claw, divided into four fegments, which are flat, a little turned back, diftant, oval, and pointed, jig. 2. STAMINA four capillary Firaments, upright, fhorter than the corolla; AnruEer# round- ifh, yellow, finally brownifh, jig. 9. | PISTILLUM: Gznwzw nearly round, double, flat- tened, fmooth; Srvrr deeply divided into two; STIGMATA two little heads, fg. 4, 5, 6. SEED-VESSEL : two, dry, globular BERRIES united together. SEEDS fingle, fomewhat kidney-fhaped and wrinkled. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, erectus, obfolete te: : tragonus, parum flexuofus, geniculatus, fca- ber, inferne minus fuperne magis pubefcens, pallide viridis, verfus fummitatem ramofus ; Genicula cylindracea, fubovata, albida, mar- gine tenui cincta; Rami brachiatim oppofiti, alterni multo breviores, patulo-ere&ti, floriferi. Co ate at nte nta ato e e e e a S Wenn D ue At Xt FLORES paniculati, numerofi, parvuli, flavi, pecu- lariodore fragrantes. PANICULA e ramis floriferis compofita, fpithamea, et ultra, interrupta, ramofa, ramis multifloris, inzequalibus, foliofis, foliolis pedicellorum folitariis. CALYX vix confpicuus, jg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, patens, ungue nulla ; laciniis quatuor, planis, fubreflexis, diftanti- bus, ovalibus, acutis, fig. 2. ase nte AT a e ee ahs e RE TEE TA T a I E ETE SE EI CR STAMINA: FitAMENTA 4, capillaria, erecta, co- rolla breviora; AN THERE rotundate, flavae, peracto officio fufcelle, f. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, didymum, compreffum, glabrum; Srvrus profunde bipartitus; STIGMATA capitata, fig. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM: Bacc due, ficce, globofz, coa- litae. SEMINA. folitaria, fubreniformia, rugofa. S An " S EK S Y t Y V vs AE AS HIE Ee Ae He He IA He ae EG E e ae eee Grows plentifully in the neighbourhood of London, in dry hilly paftures, and on the borders of fields, flowering 1n June, July, and Auguft. We have feen the foliage of this plant, when all the furrounding.herbage has been parched up, fupport the fineft verdure; perhaps on this account it may be cultivated to advantage on fuch lawns as are apt in dry feafons to ** difclofe an arid hue." An ingenious gentleman converfant in dying, affured me that it was a plant highly deferving of culture, as an article in that bufimefs ; for that the roots, though not fo large as thofe of Madder, produced a brighter colour, and that the whole of the herbage dyed a good yellow, in which refpe& it had the advantage over Madder. The flowers of this plant have a moderately ftrong, not difagreeable fmell, the leaves little or none: they both difcover to the tafie a fenfible acidity, which they manifeft alfo by changing the juices ot blue flowers to a red, and by coagulating boiling milk: they are faid to be in fome places commonly made ufe of in this laft intention, whence one of the common names of the plant Cheefe renner. Their acid matter appears to be (if BoRrRICHIUS's experiment is to be depended on) of a more fubtle kind than that of Sorrel, and than the other native vegetable acids that have been examined; the flowery tops committed to the {till as foon as gathered, giving over a pretty {trong acid liquor in a moderate heat, wherein Sorrel yielded only an. infipid phlegm. The reftringent and refrigerating virtues afcribed to this plant appear from thefe experiments to have fome founda- tion. Lewis's Mat. Med. 5. When it diffufes a ftronger odour than common, it denotes, according to Lozszr, rainy and tempeftous weather. This plant is fubje&t to a. difeafe, in which the ftem and branches are fet with flefhy balls, about the fize of a pea, hollow within, and covered with a purplifh fkin, Wurnerine. ry ey n D E AST cue ire Taf yaa Pdf dur. Uem rd d TE ARR EDAM T AGREE SPA LAC TUAE RAN s PCI 7d Je A No KA PnaiMULA FARiNOsA. Birp’s-Eve PniMULA. — PRIMULA. Linn. Gem PL PrNTANDRIA Monocynta. | Involucrum umbellula.' Cor. tubus cylindricus, oré patulo. Gaf/ 1-locularis, teres, dentibus 10-dehifcens, polyfperma. Rak Syn. Gen. 18. HERBJE FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. PRIMULA farino/a foliis crenatis glabris, florum limbo plano. Linn. Sy. Vegetab. ed. 14, Murr. ps 192. Sp. Pl ed. 9. f. 205. Scop. Carn. ed. 2. p. 193. Hudf.. FL Angl. ed. 2. p. 84« Lightfoot Scot. v. 1. ps 197. ARETIA folis glabris, ellipticis, rugofis, fubtus farinofis, floribus umbellatis. Ha//. Hf. 625. VERBASCULUM umbellatum alpinum minus. Baub. Pim. 247. Ram Syn. ed. 3. pi 285. Bird's-eye. PRIMULA veris florerubroetalb. Red and white Bird eine. Ger. Herb.639. f. 1,2. emac. 783. f. 1, 2. PARALYSIS minor flore rubro et albo. Park. Parad. p. 246. P]. 243.10. Theat. p. 536. 1, 9. RADIX perennis, fubpremorfa, fibrofiffima, fibris longis, perpendicularibus; odorata. FOLIA. oblongo-obovata, crenata, glabra, craffiufcula, ad margines hinc inde reflexa, fubtus farinofa, venofa. E ROOT perennial, fomewhat ftumped, very fibrous, fibres long, perpendicular; fweet-fcented. LEAVES oblong-obovate, crenated, fmooth, thickifh, here and there turned back on the edges, mealy on the under fide and veiny. STALK a hand's breadth or fpan in height, upright, round, naked, of a pale green colour and mealy. | | FLOWERS purple, fweet-fcented, growing in an up- right umbel. INVOLUCRUM many-leavd, each leaf or bra&tea awl-fhaped and placed at the bafe of each eduncle. CALYX: a Perianruium of one leaf, continuing, obovate, five-cornerd, divided into five feg- ments, which are upright, a little blunt, clofing together fomewhat at their tips, of a dull green colour and mealy, fig. 1, 2. COROLLA: monopetalous, tubular; Tune cylindrt ceus, calice longior, in medio coarélatus, cal, longer than the calyx, contracted in the ‘terminatus collo fubventricofo, lutelcente, $ middle, terminating in a neck fomewhat en- glabro, fauce pervia, lutea coronata; L1MBUS larged, yellowifh, fmooth, crowned with a 5-partitus, patentiffimus, jg. 3. : : mouth ‘which is open and yellow; LiwB Q Q SCAPUS palmaris ad fpithameum, ereftus, teres, nudus, pallide virens, farinofus. FLORES in umbella erefta, purpurei, fuaveolentes. ulata ad fingulum pedunculum. CALYX: PrnraNTHIUM monophyllum, perfiftens, obovatum, pentagonum, quinquefidum, la- ciniis ereétis, obtufiufculis, apice fubconni- ventibus, obícure viridibus, farinofis, fg. 1, 2. Q Q Ó Q Q Q Q Q Q Ü Q INVOLUCRUM polyphyllum, foliolum / braétea fub- § 0 Q Q à 9 j | 0 COROLLA: monopetala, tubulofa; Tusus cylindra- ) Q SD, divided into five fegments fpreading very flat, Jig. 3: 3 STAMINA: FinaAwENTA quinque, breviffima, intra 0 STAMINA: five FiLAMENTS. very fhort, within the collum tubi corolle; ANTHER# erectae, ob- Q neck of the tube of the corolla; ANTHER& Q » longe, fubtrigoue, conniventes, flavae, jig. 4. à upright, oblong, fomewhat three-cornered, 0 clofing together and yellow, jg. 4. | PISTILLUM: Germen fuperum, fubglobofum, gla- ó PISTILLUM : Germen above, fomewhat globular, brum; SrvLus filiformis, longitudine tubi; : fmooth; SrvLz filiform, the length of the Stiema globofum, jig. 5. : tube; Stigma globular, fe. 5. PERICARPIUM : CapsuLa cylindracea, calyce duplo 5 SEED-VESSEL: a cylindrical CapsuLe, twice the Cu - longior, fufca, unilocularis, ore quinqueden- à length of the calyx, brown, of one cavity, tato, jig. 6. 6 the mouth five-toothed, jig. 6. SEMINA plurima, minima, fufca, fig. 7. Q SEEDS numerous, very minute, and brown, fr. 7. The fpecies of Primula here figured, called farino/z, from the mealinefs chiefly obfervable on the plant in the fpring of the year, a native of the more northern parts of Europe, is found abundantly in certain diftricts of Yorkfhire, and other northern counties of Great-Britain, chiefly in bogs and boggy meadows, in fome of which it occurs in fuch profufion as to empurple them with its bloffoms. In its native foil, it lowers in July and Auguft; in our more fouthern gardens, a month or fix weeks earlier. The flowers vary with different fhades of purple, and they have been found entirely white; m point of fize, the plant is alfo fubje€t to much variation; in a bog in Skirrith-Wood, near Ingleton, we obferved fpecimens of it a foot and a half high: in the cultivated plant, we have fometimes feen it have a tendency to be viviparous, to produce one or more tufts of leaves among the flowers. of the umbel; in its wild flate 1t feeds readily, and frequently when cultivated; towards the end of September its outer leaves fade, and the heart of the plant forms itfelf into a knob, or button, a kind of hybernaculum in which it remains during the winter; in the {pring it expands, and the leaves then appear wholly white and mealy ; the corolla continues to envelope the germen till it has almoft arrived at maturity, forming a fort of calyptra to it; the capfule ultimately forms a mouth with five teeth, it fhould have ten to anfwer ftrictly to the character of a Primula. In the neighbourhood of London cultivators feldom blow this plant in perfection, and rarely keep it for any length of time; and this juflifies Parkinson's obfervation, who long fince remarked, that it ** would * hardly abide any culture ;" that it fhould fuffer, as it commonly does, from a fcanty fupply of water in the fummer, is not to be wondered at, but that it [hould be deftroyed by too much wet in the winter, few would apprehend, z priori ; fuch, however, is. the fa£t, as I have too frequently experienced ; one winter, indeed, I loft my whole ftock from this caufe, and renewed it by the kindnefs of my friend Mrs. Cuonrzv, of Tottenham, niece of the late Dr. Foruerciit, who kept the few plants fhe had in pots, dry, by laying them on their fides, as is fometimes praétifed with Auriculas. To attempt raifing this plant from feed 1s fcarcely worth the while, fince a flrong root of it may be divided fo as to form a great number of others; the beft time for doing this is in the fpring, foon after its leaves have expanded ; each offset fhould be placed ina feparate pot, filled with two parts ftififh loam, and one part bog-earth of the light fandy kind, watered and fet in the fhade, under a north wall or paling, but not under trees, there they fhould be kept during fummer in pans of water; in the autumn, as the wet feafon comes on, they fhould be taken out of the pans and placed, during the winter, under a common cucumber frame, chiefly for the purpofe of keeping them from immoderate wet; the next year (if not the fame) thefe plants will blow ftrong; and thus they íhould be treated every year, for Primulas in general require to have their roots frequently parted. | igit n 1 VIII ad Aci. 1 TREE Dri ee "IM eee re? v4 2. iud i i VP. ae. whe ) 4. f { ray UN Ay Dua fect PrimuLa OrrreiwN PRIMULA. Linn. Gem. Ph. PENTANDRIA ALIS. The Cowsrir. MONOGYNIA; Involucrum umbellule. Goroll¢ tubus cylindricus, ore patulo, Rari Syn Gen. 18. HERB. FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO, PRIMULA officinalis foliis rugofis dentatis fubtus hitfutis, fcapo multifloro, floribus omnibus nutantibus, corolle limbo brevi. | facg. Mifc. Auflr. V. 1. p. 159: n. 3. dit. Kew. V. 1. p. 193. PRIMULA foliis rugofis dentatis hirfutis, fcapis multifloris, floribus omnibus nutantibus. —Hz//. Hifl. + 1. 610. PRIMULA officinalis foliis rugofo dentatis, limbo corollarum concavo, tubi collo oblongo. Hoff. Germs FI. £P 67. PRIMULA offcinah. Scop. Carn. ed. 2. n. 205; PRIMULA veris foliis rugofis dentatis. Linn. Sp. Pl. 204. var. « officinalis limbo corollarum concavo; Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 192. Hudf. Fl. Angl. p. 84. veris, VERBASCULUM pratenfe odoratum. Bauh. Pin. 241. PRIMULA veris flavo flore elatior. PRIMULA veris odorata flore luteo fimplici. Clif: Hifl. 1. 9. 301. I. B. III. 495. PARALYSIS vulgaris pratenfis, flore flavo fimplici odorato. Park, Parad. 244. The common field Cowllip. PRIMULA veris major. Field Cowllips. Ger. Herb. p. 635. jig. 1. but jig. 2. more refembles the plant; emac. 780. f. 1. Threlk. Rai Sym. 284. Common Paigles, or Cowllips. RADIX fimilis Primule acaulis, fed odore fortiori anifi praedita. FOLIA fubcordato-ovata, ad bafin contracta, tunc de- currentia, ftru€tura folus P. acaulis fimilia, fed dimidio fere breviora, margine pleniore, plicato-crenulato, validiora, ob{curius viridia, bafi non attenuata, fubtus pilis mollioribus et brevioribus veftita; Petioli glabriores, albidi, vix rubentes. : FLORES parvi, nutantes, fubfecundi, lutei, fuaviter odoratt. SCAPI ere&i, foliis gplo aut 4plo longiores, pallidi, villofi, umbelliferi, multiflori. STIPUL/ZE ad exortam umbelle, pedunculos cingentes, | parva, acuminate. PEDUNCULI fubunciales, villofi, pallidi, CALYX: PrzniANTHIUM monophyllum, fubcampanu- latum, ventricofum, laxum, pentagonum, vil- lofum, quinquefidum, laciniis ovatis, acutis, ROOT like that of the Primrofe, but fmelling more powerfully of anifeed. LEAVES fomewhat heartfhaped-ovate, contracted at the bafe, then decurrent, in their ftructure like thofe of the Primrofe, but fhorter by nearly one half, fuller at the edge, which 1s fomewhat folded as well as notched, ftronger, of a deeper green, not running fo taper at the bafe, covered on the underfide with fofter and fhorter hair; the Leaf-ftalks fmoother, whitifh, with fearcely any red in them. FLOWERS {mall, hanging down, and generally to one fide, yellow, and fragrant. Q Q ( Q Q Q © STALKS upright, 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves, | pallid, villous, fupporting many flowers in an umbel. STIPUL E at the bafe of the umbel, furrounding the peduncles, {mall and tapering to a point. 9 PEDUNCLES about an inch in length, villous, and pallid. CALYX: a Perrantutum of one leaf, fomewhat bell- Íhaped, bellying out a little, fitting loofely about the tube of the Corolla, five-cornered, villous, divided into five ovate, pointed feg- ments, //g. 1. COROLLA monopetalous: ze as in that of the Primrofe, a little longer than the calyx : the Limb very fhort, concave, yellow, marked at the bafe with fhivefmalldiftnct orange-coloured {pots , the Mourzb fimple, without any crown, | Jig. 2, 9. 4- | STAMINA and Pifüllum as in the Primrofe, fg. 5, 6. Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala: 7zéz; uti in Acauli, calyce paulo longius: Limbus vero breviffimus, con- cavus, flavus, maculis, quinque parvis, dif- tinus, aurantiacis, ad bafin notatus. Faux fimplex, abfque corona, jig. 2, 3, 4. CHOC C» Co OO WOO COO XO OK OO OX X» KOC CX STAMINA et Piftillum uti in Acauli, fiz. 5, 6. "In fpeaking of the Primrofe, we had occafion to notice the place of growth, and time of flowering of the Cowllip ; refpeéting the latter, we may add, that it is found in moift meadows, as well as upland paftures, and the borders of fields, and fometimes in that abundance as confiderably to diminifh their produce; hence, with all our partiality for this univerfal favourite, we hefitate not to pronounce 1t a plant noxious in agricülture; for, by the fread of its leaves, it occupies much ground, while its produce is infignificant, and not relifhed by cattle, vid. Pan. Suec. It retains its character when introduced into the garden, colour excepted, which it has a tendency to change, firft to an orange brown, or tawny, and finally to a deep red; Mr. Moone, who has long cultivated it, amidft a profufion of rare and valuable plants, in his garden, Hyde-Park, affures me, that it has conftantly undergone - this and no other change with him. | | . Both GznAnD and Parkinson, figure a variety of it with bloffoms perfeétly double, and which appears to have been common in our gardens when they wrote, though extremely fcarce, if exifting now; we poflefs a hofe and hofe variety with yellow, and another with deep fcarlet bloffoms, almoft equal in beauty to thofe of the Cyrilla pulchella, and we have had one plant of the common Cowflip, which from the fame root, produced fome flowers on peduncles, and others on a {capus, A e ie The bloffoms of the Cowflip, in its wild ftate, ufually hang to one fide; this appearance has in part been, noticed even by Poets (who, in general, have’ not fufficiently attended to the works of Nature) thus THomson in his Seafons, Spring, line 443. j^ Then feek tbe bank where flowering Elders crowd, Where fcattered wild the Lily of the vale Its balmy effence breathes, where COWSLIPS HANG THE DEWY HEAD, where purple Violets lurk. And Mirrow, in his Lyeidas, Bring the rathe primrofe that forfaken dies, The tufted crow-toe, and pale jeffamine, The white pink, and the panfie freakt with jet, The glowing violet, The mufk-rofe, and the well-attired woodbine, WirH CowsLIPS WAN THAT HANG THE PENSIVE HEAD, And every flower that fad embroidery wears : Bid amaranthus all bis beauty fhed, And daffadilhes fill their cups with tears, To flrew the laureat hearfe where Lycid hes. We have here quoted more than was barely neceffary for our purpofe, as it gives us an opportunity of juftifying the remark above made; the glaring anachronifm, if we may be allowed the expreffion, in the blowing of fuch plants, as Poets frequently bring together, has often appeared to us highly reprehenfible, efpecially in thof whofe grand defign has been to reprefent the appearances, the ceconomy, and the wonders of Nature in elegant verfe; every lad educated in the country knows that the Violet, the Cowflip, and the Elder, flower at very diftant periods ; it is therefore extraordinary that Tuomson, above all others, fhould group fuch plants, when | innumerable others prefented thenifelves: from Mitton fuch accuracy was not perhaps to be expected; we are not therefore, to be much furprifed at his bringing together the Primrofe and the ‘Feffamine, the produce of {pring and fummer. Thefe remarks are not offered from a fondnefs for criticifm, or from a defire of detraéting from works which have afforded us fuch exquifite pleafure; nor are thefe felected as the only authors in which fuch anachronifms are to be met with, they abound in moft poetry, and fhould, as much as poffible, be avoided ; for though they may not be noticed by the generality of readers, they muft be regarded as blemifhes at leaft by fuch as are accuftomed to view the works of nature with any degree of accuracy. We notice with more pleafure an inflance, the reverfe of what we have thought it our duty to cenfure : SuHAKESPEAR has defcribed the bloffoms of the Cowflip with a degree of accuracy almoft botanical, and has fhewn how pleafing the moft trifling appearances in natural hiftory may be rendered by an imagination like his, The Cow/lips tall, her penfioners be, In their gold coats [pots you fee, Thofe be rubies, fairy favours, In thofe freckles live their favours, I muft go feek fome dew drops bere, And hang a pearl in every Cowflip’s ear. The bloffoms of this plant, in point of colour, are pleafingly and truly contrafted by Mitton: | The YELLOW CowsLip, and the pare Primrose. Linn £us gave to this plant, which he regarded as a mere variety of the Primrofe, the name of officinalis, and which Profeffor Jacquin, and many other refpeétable Botanifts, confidering it as a fpecies, have continued; it being more frequently ufed in medicine than any other of the genus. — . * Cowllip flowers have a moderately ftrong, pleafant fmell, and a fomewhat roughifh, bitterifh tafte, both which they impart, together with a yellow tin&ure, to watery and to fpirituous menftrua. Vinous liquors impregnated with their flavour, by maceration, or fermentation, and {trong infufions of them drank as tea, are fuppofed to be mildly corroborant, antifpafmodic, and anodyne. | An infufion of three pounds of the.frefh flowers in five pints of boiling water, is made in the fhops into a fyrup of a fine yellow colour, and agreeably impregnated with the flavour of the Cowflips.” Lewis M. Med. ed. Aik. ; Many good houfewives in the country are in the practice of making a wine with Cowflip flowers, to be ufed rather as a medicine than an exhilarant ; for a general opinion prevails, that they poffefs a fomniferous quality ; hence, Pore, in his imitations of Horace’s Sarrres, fays ludicroully, If the nights feem tedious—take a wife, Or rather, truly, if your point be reft, Lettuce and Cow/lip wine—Probatum eft. - In the Gentleman’s Magazine, Vol. 58. there are fome pleafing lines on the Cowflip, by a gentleman of the name of Homer, whole poetical effufions have often enriched that valuable Mifcellany ; with an extract from which we fhall clofe our account of this plant, Cowflip, of all belov'd, of all admird, ; Thee let me fing, the homely fhepherd’s pride ; Fit emblem of the maid I love, a form Gladdening the fight of man; a {weet perfume, Sending its balmy fragrance to the foul. Daughter of Spring and meffenger of May, Which fhall I firft declare, which moft extol, Thy fovereign beauties, or thy fovereign ufe ? With thee the rural dame a draught prepares, A ne@arous draught, more lufcious to my tafte Than all thy boafted trafh, vine-nurturing France. Maidens with thee their auburn treffes braid ; Or, with the daify and the primrofe pale, Thy flowers entwining, weave a chaplet fa, | 'To grace that pole round which the village train | Lead on their dance to greet the jocund May ; And Cowflip-garlands every ruftic hat: Jocund Ill call it, for it lends a {mile $ Who that has eyes to fee or heart to feel, ‘To thee, who never fmilfl but once a year; é Would change this fimple wreath which fhepherds wear, [name thee not, thou poor unpitied wretch! Ev'n for that golden circle which furrounds OF all defpis'd*, fave him whofe liberal heart © $ The temples of a ling? * The Chimney-Sweeper. Taught him to feel your wrongs, and plead your caufe, Departed HAN WAY Peace be to his foul! 9 Great is that man who quits the path of fame, $ Who, wealth forfaking, ftoops his towering mind From learning's heights, and ftretches out his arm à To raife from duft the meaneft of his kind. 9 Now that the Mufe to thee her debt has paid, à Friend of the poor and guardian of the wrong, ® Back let her pleas'd return, to view thofe fports, Whofe rude fimplicity has charms for me Beyond the ball or midnight mafquerade : Oft on that merry morn I’ve join their throng, A glad fpeGator; oft their uncouth dance Ey'd moft attentive; when, with tawdry fhew, . Ili-forted ribbons deck’d each maiden’s cap, DOO OO CO OC ee Cy wiles » A C 4 "puta. d |» PR1MULA Acavu PRIMULA. Linn. Gen. PL PENTANDRIA Involucr. Umbellule. LIS PRIMROSE. MOoNOGYNIA. ah Corolle tubus cylindricus: ore patulo. Raw Syn. Gem. 18. HERBAS FRUCTU SICCO SINGULARI FLORE MONOPETALO. - PRIMULA zcau/;; folus rugofis, dentatis, fubtus hirfutis ; fcapis unifloris. Facg. Mic. Aujir. p. 158. PRIMULA vulgaris folus dentatis rugofis fcapo fubunifloro, limbo corollz plano. ed. 9 Hudf. Fi. Angl. ed, 2. p. 89. PRIMULA folis dentatis rugofis pedunculis radicalibus unifloris, limbo corollarum plano. Kram. Elench. p. 42. | PRIMULA veris var y acaulis, {capo nullo. FL Suec. 171. PRIMULA J/veffris. Linn, Sp. Pl p. 204. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 192. Scopoli Fl. Carn. n. 204. PRIMULA folis hirfutis, rugofis, dentatis; fcapis unifloris, Haller Hi/?. n. 608. VERBASCULUM fylvarum majus fingulari flore. Bauh. Pin. 241. PRIMULA veris pallido flore humilis. PRIMULA veris minor. Ger. Her. 636. PRIMULA veris vulgaris. Park. Th. $. 595. Gluf. Hift. p. 302. Rat Syn. 5. 284. Common Primrofe. RADIX perennis, obliqua, premorfa, fquamis craffis rubentibus a folus preteritis reliétis obtecta ; emittens fibras copiofas, prelongas, teretes albidas. Odor fingularis fere anifi. 3 CAULIS nullus. FOLIA fubpalmaria, ereétiufcula, oblongo-ovata, bafi attenuata, obtufa, venofa, rugofa, fupra levia, fubtus hirfuta, margine parum revoluta, leviter undulata, ineequaliter crenata; cofta albida, in petiolum canaliculatum carinatum ruben- tem definente. STIPUL fubunciales, acuminate, ad bafin pedun- culorum. FLORES ere&i, numerofi, pallide fulphurei, majuf- culi, fuaveolentes. PEDUNCULI ereéti, folus paulo breviores, uniflori, teretes, hirfutj, pallide virentes, ex ipfa radice progredientes, poft florefcentiam de- flexi. CALYX: PerrantHium 1-phyllum, perfiftens, ob- longum, tubulofum, plicato-pentagonum, pilofum, 5-dentatum, dentibus acuminatis, apice inflexis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa; swdus cylimdra- ceus, calyce longior, ftriatus, nitidus, dméus quinquepartitus, patens, laciniis obcordatis, emarginatis, bafi macula ftelleformi flava notatis ; faux obfolete coronata, jig. 9. STAMINA : FiLAMENTA 5, breviffima, intra tubum corolle, fig. 4. aut ad faucem ejus pofita, jig. 9. AwTHERA& erettze, oblonge, flave, fubtrigonez, fig. 5. conniventes. PISTILLUM : Germen fuperum, fubglobofum, gla- ] brum, fg. 6. STvrus filiformis, tubo ple- rumque brevior, fg. 7. Sticma globofum, Jg. 9. Primula veris appears to have been a kind of general, OO QOO DX WO Oe OC OO XO MO COWON OQ Oe OX Co DOOD DODO D9 DY 11 OM Co ROOT perennial, oblique, ftumped at the extremity, befet with thick reddifh fcales, the remains of the paft leaves, fending down numerous, very long, round, whitifh fibres; its {mell fingular, fomewhat like that of anife. STALK none. LEAVES about a hand's breath in length, nearly. upright, oblong-ovate, tapering to the bafe, blunt, veiny, wrinkled, fmooth above, hirfute beneath, the edge flightly rolled back, flightly waved, unequally notched, the midrib whitifh, terminating in a footftalk of a reddifh colour, hollow on one fide, and keeled on the other. STIPUL. about an inch in length, long-pointed, at the bafe of the flower-ftalks. FLOWERS upright, numerous, of a pale fulphur colour, rather large and fweet-fcented. — FLOWER-STALKS upright, a little fhorter than the leaves, one-flowered, round, hirfute, of a pale green colour, proceeding from the root itfelf, after the flowering is over, bending back. CALYX: a PertantTHium Of one leaf, permanent, oblong, tubular, folded, and forming five angles, hairy, 5-toothed, teeth long-pointed, | bending in at the tip, jg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, tubular; the 74e cylin- drical, longer than the calyx, ftriated, and glofly ; 4m quinquepartite, fpreading, the legments obcordate, emarginate, marked at the bafe with a ftar-fhaped yellow fpot, the mouth marked with a faint rim, fg: 9. | STAMINA: five Fitaments, very fhort, placed either within the tube of the corolla, fig. 4. or at its mouth, fig. 3. ANTHER# upright, oblong, yellow, fomewhat three-corner’d, jig. 5. cloling together. J ó PISTILLUM : Geren above the bafe of the calyx, 0 nearly globular, {mooth, fg. 6. Srvrzr fil Ü form, ufually fhorter than the tube, fg, 7. 6 STIGMA round, jy. 8. or generic name given by many of the ancient Botanifls to the Primrofe, Cow/Zp, and Ox//p ; yet is moft applicable to the Primrofe, as a flower of the fpring; they regarded thefe plants as fo many diftin& fpecies, and fuch they were in general confidered till Linnaus ventured to maintain a contrary opinion, an opinion which comparatively fpeaking, few of his followers have acquiefced in: partial as we are to the tranfcendent merits of that great man, we cannot agree with him in this inftance, without deftroying, as we apprehend, all limits of fpecific diftinction. The moft ftriking charatier of the Primrofe confifts in its mode of flowering, each bloffom growing on a fingle peduncle, which fprings from the root; Linn aus afferts that the peduncles {pring from a fcapus, as in the Cowflip, though it be fo fhort as not to appear above ground, and from this circumftance principally, he maintains that the Primrofe 1s only a variety ; or, in other words, that the Primrofe, the Cowflp, and the Oxlip are one and the fame fpecies. We will not deny the exiftence of fuch a flalk as Linn aus defcribes; in examining a vaft number of thefe plants, we have found it in a few, but it certainly is not general in the wild plant; we are ready, however, to admit more than the exiftence of this fhort fcapus ; the plant when cultivated will fometimes throw up a ftalk : fimilar to that of the Polyanthus, and of this my very good friend Dr. Buxton, of Greenwich, has favoured me with a fbriking inftamce; Primrofes m their wild ftate introduced to his Garden at Maize-Hill, a few years fince, now produce flowers, both with and without a Ícapus, are indeed become, colour excepted, perfe& Polyanthufes ; in my own garden the white hofe in hofe Primrofe produces early in the fpring, flowers on peduncles, and afterwards flowers on a fcapus, or, to fpeak in the language of the florift, flowers in a trufs, but {till they have the foliage and the flowers of the true Primrofe; the Cowflip and the Oxlip, on the contrary, fometimes produce flowers.on peduncles, as well as on a fcapus, of which I now have alfo inftances in my garden; but but what do all thefe prove ? why that the Primu/a, like moft other plants, 1s fubje& to the fportings of nature, and which are no more to be regarded than the uncommon colours of a flower; the root or the flalk of a plant may be equally fubje& to vary as the bloffom, and thofe who cultivate plants fee frequent inflances of it: I once had a daify which became caulefcent, that is, its peduncle became a ftalk which threw out many peduncles bearing flowers, the terminal one of which was proliferous, but no one from fuch an uncommon inflance would infer that the acau/s character of the daify was invalidated ; itis juft fo in my humble opinion with regard to the Primrofe, in general the peduncles {pring fingly from the root, and in forming its fpecific character we mutt be guided by their ufual and genuine appearance. . Befides the firiking character drawn from the inflorefcence, a very material difference is obfervable in other parts of the plant, betwixt it and the Cowflip at leaft; to fay nothing of the leaves, which have been noticed by Ray m a contrafted point of view, wd. Syn. ed. 3. p. 283. how different is the corolla in fize and fhape, and how very different is the calyx ? . In their natural place of growth, and time of flowering, we obferve a very material difference betwixt thefe two plants; the Primrofe loves fhelter, and the light umbrage of deciduous trees, through the leaflefs {prays of which it may enjoy the vernal fun, and when its flowering 1s over, be fhaded from its too potent rays by the expanding foliage ; hence we find it moft commonly in woods, copfes, hedge-rows, at the foot of hedges, and in fheltered lanes, where it is one of the firft of our plants which awakens to the genial warmth of the fun, and welcomes the returning year; if the feafon be mild it will flower from March to May, its higheit ftate of bloom 1s with that of the Wood Anemone; it is alfo much difpofed to flower in the autumn, and even during winter if the weather be not fevere: the Cowllip very rarely manifefts a difpofition of this fort, contented once to fhew its freckled bloom; inftead of woods and their attendant fhade, this muft be fought for in open paftures, and meadows, where it courts that degree of fun which would prove fatal to the Primrofe, it flowers in May with the early /potted Orcbis. (Orchis mafcula ). The ufual colour of the Primrofe bloffom is pale fulphur, in fome parts of the kingdom they are faid to be found wild of a purple hue; to enumerate all the varieties which have fprung from accident, or culture, would afford little entertainment or inftru&ion ; fuffice it to fay that many of them are very ornamental, and highly deferving of our care; the following are the moft ftriking varieties which I have yet had it in my power to cultivate, the siNGLE white flowered, the paper white, which Mr. Mirrzn fays, without affigning any reafon, is certainly a diftinét fpecies, the red or purple of various fhades, the hofe in hofe; the pouBLE yellow, the deep velvet red, the pale red, or flefb-coloured ; the white and the dingy purple, called by fome the Scotch Primrofe ; all thefe are charming ornaments for the fhrubbery, the fix laft are plants of fome value, and duplicates of them fhould be kept in pots, which during fummer muft be placed in fome fhady fituation ; in the fpring the fhelter of a green-houfe will bring them forward, and make them flower to advantage, and as they bloffom very early, they will tend to enliven a collection of more rare and valuable plants. That curious variety called by Grrarp and Parkinson Mafer HzskgTu's Primrofe, we have not met with in the collections about London ; we hope it may yet remain in fome part of the kingdom, as it appears deferving of culture from its great fingularity ; it is faid by PARnKINsON to bear not only fingle flowers upon feverall ftalkes, but fometimes two or three fingle flowers upon one ftalk, and alfo at the fame time a bigger 'ftalke, and fomewhat higher, having one green hufke at the toppe thereof, fometimes broken on the one fide, and fometimes whole, in the middle whereof ftandeth fometimes divers fingle flowers thruft together, vide its - fig. in his Parad. terr. The following is GERAnRD's account of it, * There is a enge Primrofe founde * growing wilde, in Clapdale-Wood, near Settle, in Yorkíhire, by the travel, and in uftry of a learned * gentleman of Lancafhire, called mafter Thomas Hesxern, and a diligent fearcher of Simples, who hath * not only brought to light this amiable and pleafant kind of Primrofe, but many others likewife, never before * his time remembred, or founde out. This kinde of Primrofe hath leaves, and rootes like the wilde fielde * Primrofe, in eche refpe&t, it bringeth forth among the leaves a naked ftalke of a greyifh or overworne * greenifh colour, at the top whereof doth growe in the winter time one flower, and no more, like unto that * fingle one of the fielde; but in the fummer time it bringeth foorth a foft ruffet hufke or hofe, wherein are * conteined many {mal flowers, fometimes fower or five and oftentimes more, very thicke thrufl together, * which maketh one entire flower, feeming to be one of the common double Primrofes, whereas indeed * jt is one double flower made of a number of {mal fingle flowers, never ceafing to beare flowers winter * nor fummer as before 1s fpecified." While we are thus defcribing the varieties to which this plant is fubjeét, it may not be amifs to obferve that the flamina alfo vary greatly in their fituation, being fometimes found low down in the tube of the bloffom, fometimes at its mouth, in the former inftance the Piftillum which varies alfo in length fhews its round ftigma, and with its attendant ftyle looks like a pin, ftuck in the centre of the flower; fuch flowers i» the Polyanthus are termed pin-eyed, while thofe in which the anthere clofe the mouth of the tube, are called thrum-eyed, and this latter appearance in the opinion of the florift is an effential requifite in a good flower. | A The contemplative mind feels a complacency in furveying the improvements which Providence permits to take place, in that part of the animal and vegetable world which mankind have brought under their | care and proteétion, many inftances of thefe might be adduced from the more ufeful and neceffary pro- ductions, but it is not thofe only that amend under our care, we are permitted alfo to gratify our fight with the endlefs varieties that flowers put on, when cultivated by the curious; nor in any one inftance does * The exulting Florift mark * aith fecret pride the wonders of his hand” more than in the boundlefs luxuriance that Polyanthufes affume, their parent the Primrofe being a native, they face the feverity of the winds of March much mire boldly than any foreign plants, natives of warmer climates. | ) LixwEus indeed cautions Botanifls againft being feduced by the gaudy tints, that fafcinate the mere florift, but furely we may fafely admire, without fixing our attention wholly on the flower-bed. The Primrofe comes in for a fhare alfo of medicinal fame. The leaves and the root of Primrofe feem to partake in fome degree of the nature of thofe of Afarum, aéting as ftrong errhines, or fternutatories, when fnufled up the nole, and as emetics (the roots at leaft) when taken inwardly ; GzRaRp reports as from the experience of a flalful practitioner, that a drachm and a half of the powder of thé dried roots taken up in autumn purgeth by vomit very forcibly, but fafely, in fuch manner as Afarum doth. | Lewis M. M. ' ~The root affords a good example of the radix dentata, the tubercles forming the teeth, arife as in moft roots of the kind from the remains of the bafe of the leaf, and hence from their number fome idea may be forméd of the age of the plant. i — VW HS YS " a QN: kamoneauhzm-^ 7 Lala LA a ( ] qu DATURA STRAMONIUM. THORN-APPLE. DATURA Lin. Gen. Pl. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cor. infundibuliformis, plicata. Cal. tubulofus, angulatus, deciduus. Ca^ f. | 4- valvis. > Raii Syn. Gen. 16. Hers® BACCIFERE. DATURA Stramonium pericarpiis fpinofis ereétis ovatis, foliis ovatis glabris. Lin. Sy/t. Vegetab. TY | p. 220. Sp. Pl. p. 255. Fl. Suec. n. 198. STRAMONIUM foliis angulofis, fru&u erecto, muricato, calyce pentagono. aller fl. n. 586. STRAMONIUM fetidum. | Scofoli Fl. Carniol. n. 152. SOLANUM fztidum pomo fpinofo oblongo, flore albo. — Bauh. Pin. 164. STRAMONIUM fpinofum. Ger. emac. 349. | SOLANUM pomo fpinofo, oblongo, flore calathoide' Stramonium vulgo dictum. Razz Syn. 266. E d. Hudfon. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. f. 92. | oo es ye 1 i RADIX annua, ramofa, albida. & ROOT annual, branched, whitifh. CAULIS varie altitudinis pro ratione foli, pedalis, $ STALK various in its height, according to the foil ' ed'fepedalem, teres, glaber, late diffufus, à © in which it grows, rifing from one to fix feet, - gamofus, ramis dichotomis, minutim pubef- 7 round, {mooth, fpreading widely, branched, . centibus. B branches forking, and covered with a> fine down. Do LEAVES fpringing from the forking of the ftalk and branches, fingle, fcarcely fix inches long, {landing on footftalks, ovate, pointed, fmooth on both fides, above of a deep green colour, beneath and on the edges paler, ribs ftrong, : fomewhat alternate, the edge through its whole extent unequally finuated and toothed, extending farther down the footftalk on one fide than. on the other. PETIOLI teretes, pubefcentes, foliis breviores, fu- * LEAF-STALKS round, downy, fhorter than the erne obfolete canaliculati. leaves, above faintly channelled. FLORES folitarii, e dichotomia caulis, una cum foliis à FLOWERS fingle, proceeding together with the egredientia, breviter pedunculati, erecti. leaves from the forking of the ftalk, ftand- ing on fhort footftalks and upright. CALYX: a PERI1ANTHIUM of one leaf, oblong, tu- bular, bellying out, of a pale green colour, having five angles and five teeth, feparating duum horizontaliter prope bafin, parte re- horizontally near the bafe, the remaining manente, orbiculata, perfiflente. — art orbicular and permanent. COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, nivea, * COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, white, Tubus viridefcens, pentagonus, calyce bre- $ Tube greenifh, five-cornered, Íhorter than vior; Limbus bafi nervofus, ere&to-patulus, & the calyx; Limb nbb'd at the bafe, upright quinquangularis, quinqueplicatus, quinque- ? and fpreading, five-cornered, with five plaits dentato-acuminatus, fg. 1. B and five long pointed teeth, fg. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quinque, fubulata, inferne $ STAMINA: five FitAMENTS, tapering, below at- tubo corolle adnata, fuperne libera; Aw- i tached to. the tube of the corolla, above THER ovali-lineares, erecte, infidentes, $ loofe; ANTHER#& betwixt oval and linear, e fufco-lutefcentes, fig. 2. upright, fitting, of a brownifh yellow colour, FOLIA e dichotomia caulis et.ramorum, folitaria, vix ; fpithamea, petiolata, ovata, acuta, utrinque glabra, fuperne faturate viridia, inferne et ad margines pallidiora, nervis robuftis, fubalternis, margine undique inequaliter finuato-dentata, uno latere per petiolum longius extenfo. do tre HURTS e e, og, eos leet DOLCE CERE RR Ree He ae Ide GI LEE te, ae CALYX: PrarANTHIUM monophyllum, oblongum, tubulatum, ventricofum, dilute virideícens, quinquangulare, quinquedentatum, deci- te V OL Rd PRE uade J A, Mn, AM Oke ae he ie i wD NECTARIUM: Glandula crenata, annularis, ad bafin 4 ace ee a circular notched Gland at the bafe of germinis, fg. 3. the germen, jg. 3. PISTILLUM : GznwzN fuperum, fubconicum, un- ¢ PISTILLUM: GznMzx above the calyx, fomewhat dique hifpidum ; Srvrus filiformis, albus, conical, hifpid; Srvir filiform, white, fuperne paulo craffior, longitudine ftaminum. thickened a little above, the length of the Stiecma craffiufculum, obtufum, bilamel- : ftamina. Stigma thickifh, obtufe, and com- diee Ee As EE CE latum, fig. 4, 5, O. T | pofed of two lamellze, fig. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM : Carsuta fpinofa, fubovata, bilo- € SEED-VESSEL : a Carsurz, thorny, fubovate, of cularis, quadrivalvis, bafi calycis impofita, * two cavities, and four valves, placed on the Du Th & bafe of the calyx, fig. 7. SEMINA numerofa, fubreniformia, nigricantia. & SEEDS Pa fomewhat kidney-fhaped and ; * blackifh. The Thorn-apple is found occafionally in the environs of London, on dunghills, in cultivated ground, and amongft rubbifh ; both Mr. Ray and Mr. Hupson place it amongft the Britifh plants, regarding it at the fame time as a doubtful native ; following their example, we have figured it in the Flora Londinenfis, in- duced thereto from the additional confideration of its being a poifonous plant, and, as fuch, neceffary to be known to our readers. | That it is a native of America, we have the moft indubitable proofs: in the earth brought with plants from various parts of that extenfive country, we are fure to have the Thorn-apple come up, which we fhall not wonder at, after perufing the following extract from KArw's Travels into North-America. * The Datura * Stramomum grows in great quantities in all the villages; its height is different according to the foil it 1s * in: for, in a rich foil, it grows eight or ten feet high; but, in hard and poor ground, it will feldom come * up to fix inches. This Datura, together with the Phytolacca, or American Nightfhade, grow here in thofe * places near the gardens, houfes, and roads, which in Sweden are covered with Nettles and Goofefoot, * which European plants are very fcarce in America; but the Datura and Phytolacca are the worft weeds * here, nobody knowing any particular ufe of them." There There is great reafon to fuppole,ythat at is alfo a native of fome parts of Europe and Afia. Authors univerfally agree in attributing poifonous qualities to the Thorn-apple.—BzRG1US, a modern writer on the Materia Medica, relates, that the narcotic effluvia of the frefh plant affe&ed him fo powerfully - as he was defcribing it, that with the fmell, and chewing a bit of the' plant, he became [lightly intoxicated, - as if unaccuftomed to tobacco he had inhaled its fumes. ! SR | A decoétion of the herb, feed-veffels, or feeds, have been found to produce different effe&s in different conftitutions, but the fymptoms moft commonly attendant on taking this plant, are light-headednefs, profound fleep, infanity, madnefs, convulfions, palfy of the limbs, cold {weats, vehement thirft, and tremblings. Hater mentions a cafe in which taking of. the feeds proved fatal ; they had been adminiftered for thofe of Nigella. | \ The Chinefe are forbid by law from putting it into fermented liquors, with a view to intoxicate. As the moft a@tive poifons,-in proper dofes fkilfully adminiftered, frequently prove efficacious in removing obftinate difeafes ; fo this, as well as feveral others, has been recommended for fuch purpofe. Dr. Stork, of Vienna, firít propofed it as a remedy for thofe very difeafes it is capable of exciting. An extra& made: from. the. expreffed. juice. of the leaves, is acrid and faline to the tafle, and yields cryftals of nitre on ftanding. This preparation, given in dofes of from one to five grains, twice or thrice a day, is faid to be a very powerful remedy in various convulfive and fpafmodic difeafes, epilepfy and mania. The accounts of other praétitioners have confirmed that of the firft introducer, and it has been received into fome pharmacopeias. An ointment prepared from the leaves, has been found to give eafe in external in- flammations and hemorrhages. Emetics and purgatives give the fpeedieft relief in cafes where the plant has been inadvertently eaten, - which it is fometimes neceflary frequently to repeat, as fome of the feeds have been found to lodge a con- fiderable time in the ftomach, | | | rab: , 5 sn | | NILUM ET Eats Hd & ap On tr #2 - - PULMONARIA MaritimMaA. SrA LuNGWORT. | PULMONARIA. Linn. Gem PL PENTANDRIA Monocynia: iP | | | Cor. infundibuliformis fauce pervia. Cai. prifinaticó 5-gónus, Rai Sym. Gen. 19. HERBA ASPERIFOLIA. | m PULMONARIA maritima calycibus abbreviatis, folüs ovatis caule ramofo procumbente. Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr, p. 187. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p.195: Hudf: Fl, Angl. ed. 2. 5. 83. Lightf. Scot. Ween it f. 134. f. 7. A. Dana. t. bl 25 Ur & | p CERINTHE maritima procumbens, Di//. Herb. Eltb. t. 65. CYNOGLOSSUM procumbens glaucophylum maritimum noftras, feminibus levibus. P/z£. Alm. f. 126. 7. 172. f. 9. CYNOGLOSSUM perenne maritimum procumbens. Morz/ Hif. 9. ps 450. f. 11. £. 28. f 19. ECHIUM marinum. P. B. Car. Ang. Sibb. Sc. IJ, P. 11. Li 9: d: 55 Tab. 12. Raii Syn. Ed. 3. f. 228: | Sea Buglofs. BUGLOSSUM dulce ex Infulis Lancaftriz. Lancafhire Bugloffe. Park: Th. p. 767. 7. 766. f. 5. floribüs purpuro ceruleis; pe RADIX perennis, lignofa, nigricans. ROOT perennial, woody, of a blackifh colour. — CAULES plures, procümbentes, pedales et ultra, té- 9 STALKS numerous, procumbent, a foot or more in .. retiufculi, foliofi, fuperne ramofi. f length, nearly round, leafy, branched above; FOLIA. numerofa, fparfa, feffilia, obovata, acuta, bafi € LEAVES numerous, placed without order, feffile, anguílata, integerrima, fubtus nervofa, un- obovate, pointed, narrowed at the bafe, per- dulata, apicibus fzpius recurvis, fuperne fe&ly entire, ribbed on the under fide, waved, punéiis prominulis exafperata. the point moft commonly bent back, the up: per furface rough with fine prominent points. EDUNCLES round, a little thickened next the flowers, and fomewhat warty. ALYX: a Perrantuium of five leaves, continuing, leaves ovate, pointed, perfectly entire, and keeled, jg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, contracted | below the middle, as if it had been tied round _ with a ligature; ZzZe fhort, wide, the length of the calyx; Brim divided into five fegments, which are bent back, the throat open, with five yellowifh tubercles, fg. 2. STAMINA : five Firaments, inlerted into the bot- tom of the corolla, converging, a little longer than the tube of the corolla; ANTHER#& ob: long, yellow, incumbent, jig. 3. PISTILLUM : GzaM1iNA.four; Sry ez filiform, the length of the flamina; Sricma fimple, fig. 4: SEED-VESSEL none. SEEDS four, clofing together, three-cornered, pointed, the outer fide convex, the two innermoft flat, Jig. 5: Q PEDUNCULI teretes, ad flores fubincraffati, verrucu- lofi. CALYX: PznrANTHIUM pentaphyllum, perfiftens, foliolis ovatis, acutis, integerrimis, carinatis, pg. 1. | COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis, infra me: dium coarétata, quafi vincula ligata fuiffet; Tubus brevis, latus, longitudine calycis ; Limbus quinquefidus: laciniis reflexis, faux pervia, gibbis quinque intrufis lutefcentibus, Oo Cotes Pu STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quinque, fundo corollz in- ferta, fubulata, convergentia, tubo corolle paulo longiora; Aw THER oblonge, lutez, incumbentes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor; Sry tus filiformis, . longitudine ftaminum ; ST1GM A fimplex, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMINA quatuor, conniventia, trigona, acuta, lateri exteriorl convexa, interioribus planis, fg. 5. o Qe QOO Or OC GO CO» OO CD Conon CC CORE 9. The Pulmonaria maritima is Found abundantly on many parts of our fea-coafts, yet not generally ; like the Crambe maritima, it has its local attachments*. Its roots, which are perennial, ftrike deeply into the fand, or among the pebbles, and it is probable that by this means the plant may be preferved in very fevere feafons; Mr. Licnrroor regards it as one of the moft beautiful of our Britifh plants, fuch it undoubtedly is, and on that account highly deferving of culture; yet we rarely find it'in the gardens of the curious, and this we attribute to its culture not being well underftood ; we have taken. much pains to have this plant in perfe&ion, and, having fucceeded, recommend the following mode. : If your plant has been taken proper care of, it will produce abundance of feeds, moft of which will be ripe by the end of Auguft; gather them as they ripen, for if you flay till thofe from the laft-blown flowers are fit, thofe from the firft will have fallen out of the flower-cups; fow them either early in. September or the enfuing February, in a pot of earth compofed of three parts fea fand (or, in lieu thereof, common fand) and one part rotten cow dung, finely fifted ; in about fix weeks or two months from the February fowing thefe feeds will vegetate, and in the Autumn the plants will be fit to tranfplant into feparate pots, and moft of them will flower the enfuing year; fnails and flugs are uncommonly fond of this plant ; if you, therefore, plant it in the open border, it will in all probability be deftroyed ; for thefe animals not -only devour the plant when fully green, but eat out the buds on their firft appearance ; fo that you lofe your plants without knowing the caufe : having them in pots, you can guard them better from their ravages; fet them with your green-houfe plants, , and treat them as fuch, they will not difgrace your collection ; water them over the leaves as little as may be, for the water is apt to fettle on them in drops, and to leave marks which greatly disfigure them. Rav refers to Parkinson’s figure of this plant with a query; though a very rude one, it is undoubtedly intended for it; of the feveral figures publifhed fince, that of DitLenivs is certainly the beft, though deficient _in expreffing its habit. | IM » From the appearance of the foliage, one would not be induced to place it with the a/perzfo/e ; a magnifying glafs, however, fhews on many parts of it a manifeft roughnefs ; much lefs would we fufpe&t that poifon lurked under fuch an elegant form, yet the refpectable teftimony of Dr. Brain fully confirms it; the following account is taken from his Mi/cellaneous Obfervations, p. 55.— 1 am credibly informed by a gentleman not far from « hence, that in the late famine, one of his farmers being flraitned for bread, taking this plant for Colewort * (to which it is not unlike in colour) ordered to boil a difh of it, and gave it to his wife and children, with the fervants in his family; all of them became very fick, fome vomited exceffively, others flept two or three « days without intermiffion, and one or two of them died.” | | . * Mentioned by Ray as growing at Scrammerfton-Mill, between the Salt-Pans and Berwick, on the fea beach, about a mile and a half from Berwick; alfo near Whitehaven in Cumberland, and againít Bigger in the //le of Walney in Lancafbire, plentifully, Mr. Lawson ; (near Zrefartben in Anglefea, and in abundance by the river Uyfzi in the way trom Dinardindle to Clynog in Carnarvenfbire, Mr. Luwyp ;) in feveral places along tlie fouth fide of the Firth of Forth, Dr. SrBBALD ; on the fea-coalt of Scotland not unfrequent, growing out of ftony beaches which feem incapable of affording vegetation, as on the coatt of Fife, near S7. Andrews, &c. in the //fe of Bute, upon a fandy fhore in Arran, at Lich Ranfa, and at - Lamlafb, at Icolumbkill, and at Glenelg in Invernefsfbire, Licatroor Scot, at the ferry on the fea fhore near Inverne/s, in great plenty, Mr. Drcksox. D " J e - Ei - mEM i; , n , | D». T | ^ , m, x es un ear ; : ) "A D ! P abe iw Hy ' AM ! " oe ul , * ' , ; [1 vs i r i= - ‘ey aN . Par * E parcs ct y à gis | QUIM IHRER S S, PIS WOLD sg S OMNIUM ie h irs IivpRocorvLE VurcARIs MansH PENNYWORT, or WHITE-RoT. HYDROCOTYLE Linn. Gen. PL PENTANDRIA Dio Umbella fimplex: Involucro 4-phyllo. Perala integra, — Semina femiorbiculato-compreffa. Ran Syn. Gen. 11. UmBeLiirer& HrRnB. HYDROCOTYLE vu/garis foliis peltatis, umbellis quinquefloris. Linn. Sy/. Ventas ps BIA. ps PL $. 998. #7. Suec. n. 234. HYDROCOTYLE folus rotundis emarginatis, petiolis centralibus, umbellis faftigiatis. Hail. Hifi, 819. RANUNCULUS aquaticus, cotyledonis folio. Bauh. Pin. 180. COTYLEDON paluftris. Ger. emac. 350. Parkinf: 1214. HYDROCOTYLE vulgaris. Inf. R. H. 328. Rait Sym. p. 222. Marfh Pennywort, or White-Rot. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 110. RADICES perennes, capillacee, albida. * ROOTS perennial, capillary, whitifh. CAULES repentes, teretes, glabri, ad genicula radi- } STALKS creeping, round, fmooth, ftriking root at the cantes. x oints. FOLIA longitudine et latitudine vix pollicaria, longe LEAVES in length and breadth about an inch, ftand- petiolata, peltata, orbiculata, repanda aut ing on long footftalks inferted into the cen- fublobata, crenulata, centro nonnihil de- tre of the leaf, orbicular, waved or fomewhat preffa, punctoque albido notata, utrinque lobed and notched on the edge, the centre a venis anaftamofantibus reticulata, glaberrima, little depreffed, and marked with a white nitentia, lete viridia. — Perro/; fubbipollicares, dot, veins anaftamofing and forming a kind ere€ti, teretes, glabri, inferne nudi, fuperne of net-work on each de the leaf, perfe&ly pilis fetofis, horizontalibus, diftantibus,° hif- : fmooth, gloffy, and of a bright green colour. piduli. M The Leaf-Stalks about two inches long, up- right, round, fmooth, naked below, above befet with briftly, horizontal, diftant hairs. FLOWERS fmall, in clufters, white or reddifh, pro- ceeding from the creeping flalk near the round out of the ale of the leaf-ftalks, GENERAL PEDUNCLES fingle, little more than an inch in length, upright, round, flightly hairy, producing little balls or whorls rather than terminating in an umbel of flowers. Szpule two, roundifh, membranous, white, at the bafe of each peduncle. FLORETS from 5 to g, very fmall, ftanding on very fhort foot-ftalks, a very minute leaf, narrow and tapering, placed under each floret. PERIANTHIUM of each floret fcarcely any. COROLLA pentapetalous, a line in diameter, the PETALS ovate, pointed, entire, fpreading, of a pale rofe colour, jig. 1, magnif. fig. 2. STAMINA: 5 Filaments, tapering, whitilh, fhorter than the corolla: ANTHER« very {mall and white, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen beneath the corolla upright, flattened, orbicular, fomewhat three-cornered, fig. 4. crowned with a yellow fungous fub- flance; SrvrEs two, tapering, very fhort; STIGMATA bluntifh, white, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL none, Fruit orbicular, flattened, fplitting in two. SEEDS two, orbicular, flattened, of a pale brown colour. )j Was ip Se tere e rte ee ete af T D Pre FLORES parvi, glomerati, albi, aut fubrubelli, pro- pe terram e repente caule ad axillas petiolo- ? rum prodeuntes. PEDUNCULI communes folitarii, vix ultra pollicares, : ere€ti, teretes, pilofiufculi, in glomerulis aut : verticillis potius quam umbellulam termi- nantes. Sz/pule due, fubrotunde, membra- nacez, albe, ad-bafin cujufvis pedunculi. e, D Moa aat to, MuR UE ERIT ate ale EIE RENE TA FLOSCULI 5, ad 9, fertiles, exigui, breviffime pedi- cellati. Foliolum minutum, lineari-fubulatum, ; fingulo flofculo fubjectum. PERIANTHIUM proprium vix ullum. COROLLA pentapetala, linearis diametro, PETALA ovata, acuta, integra, patentia, pallide rofea, * . 1, 2, auct. STAMINA: FILAMENTA 5, fubulata, albida, corolla $ breviora. ANTHER# minime, albe, jig. 3. Mu aM aS, ai ate Nig Lie a te afe all AIRE URE SRS ERE URS UAE AE AE ke als the he ste ak PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, erectum, comprel- fum, orbiculatum, fubtrigonum, fg. 4. cor- pufculo fungofo, flavo, coronatum ; Sty. duo, fubulati, breviflimi; Stigmata obtu- fiufcula, alba, fig. 5. | PERICARPIUM nullum : Fructus orbiculatus, com- preffus, bipartibilis. SEMINA duo, orbiculata, compreffa, pallide fufca. MIRARI Me De ae ts ae Ree rne The name of /Vbrre-Rot has been given to this plant, from an idea of its being the caufe of the rot in fheep, an opinion founded we apprehend more on conjecture than experiment; the real caufe of that difeafe 1s we fear yet to be difcovered, and will not be found perhaps to arife from their feeding on any particular plant. It is extremely common on all boggy ground near London, and we believe in every part of Great-Britain, It flowers in July and Auguft. The fru&tification of this plant, which proves it truly to be related to the umbelliferi, is rarely feen without a clofe examination, being ufually hidden by the leaves, but as it 1s plentifully produced, it may readily be difcovered at the proper feafon. The leaf affords an excellent example of what Linn aus calls the foZum peltatum. PA aA ah tte * WEE A3 1 : t e AMES ies A inte, ! v > * T nii : ' Pavey ful t J ait r x J a d » " = 1 . PUT PU "re a 5 rors é . à * 1 D? N ! i ! í à » D ui Li I ! * J ne "] ‘ 2 , t - i. ' ^ - t ~ ^ "s * Li ! 1 1 [L i Y Li 1 i ^ be | \ " » ne / 7 r Uu - , \ \ bs | S 1 ! í * " { i ’ M ’ r \ 1 2 E: | i s Y ' k } " 1 a ^ i MI ‘ ) à 4 d | [ ! f [ ——— ee 2s A 027 À AOE GE, e 4 / N Z7 E: . j ve ' T * " Y r Li ! ; 2 ; ' 4 Lu ' 1 ? * Y 1 I ] D e * i i i [ ‘ > z A JU LÀ i tj 1 y ' » ' * | 1 ‘ E i V d n z ^ - 1 L ' re * 4 i i* » " pet j Tk > 2 EU ; - » 1 he a al : rie - : 4 E T 4 cn, * t IMMAT "wo. y wd, P E wat f 4 r D x * nm. 1 « "uu ' MAT ‘ 4 - 7 A, ae. uc So. EN L 25 ^ H Ms iio PA ü af t J : : x ; ‘i T T a T us Tu be , " F : n "er ; shad PM eod» D J Stes pe i 17 AV J. Suverbyv, del et feudp. CugoPNODIUM MuRALE. NreTrTLE-LEAVED GoosEFOOT. CHENOPODIUM Zin. Gen. Pl. PEN TANDRiA DiGYNIA; Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor.o. Sem. i. lenticulate, fuperum: Rai Syn.Gen. 5. HERBA FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO VEL APETALO POTIUS. CHENOPODIUM murale folis ovatis nitidis dentatis acutis, racemis ramofis nudis. — Lin. Syfi Vegetab.p. 261. Sp. Pl. 9. 318. Fl. Suec. 216. ATRIPLEX fylveftris latifolia, acutiore folio. Bauh. Pin. 119. ATRIPLEX dicta Pes anferinus alter f. ramofior. Bauh. hift. 976. ATRIPLEX fylveftris latifolia altera. Ger. emac. 328. BLITUM Pes anferinus di&um acutiore folio. Raw Syn. p.154. 2? The other Goofefoot. Hud/: fi. Angl. ed. 2. b. 105. Tota planta gravem odorem {pirat. The whole plant fmells difagreeably. | ROOT annual, tapering, whitifh, rigid, furnifhed with numerous {preading {mall fibres. RADIX annua, fufiformis, albida, rigida, fibrillis plurimis patentibus inftruécta. CAULIS ere&us, pedalis ad bipedalem, ramofiffimus, fubangulofus, inferne glaber, fuperne fari- nofus, plerumque viridis, fepe purpureus , aut lineis purpureis notatus. STALK upright, one or two feet high, very much branched, ílightly angular, below {mooth, above mealy, moft commonly green, but often wholly purple, or marked with purple lines. . Ee ake ae ae Se NS Se aie T ae eke as T RAMI alterni, pulverulenti. | BRANCHES alternate and mealy. ie ae aN RE FOLIA alterna, petiolata, fubovata, acuta, inzqua- liter ferrata, fuperne nitida, inferne pulve- rulenta, apicibus denticulorum rubicundis. LEAVES alternate, ftanding on footftalks, fubovate, pointed, unequally fawed, above glofly, beneath mealy, the tips of the teeth reddifh. LEAF-STALKS hollow above, the length of the PETIOLI fuperne canaliculati, longitudine foliorum. leaves. FLORES nunc herbacei, nunc purpurei, racemofi, racemis brevibus, nudis, ramofis, depreflis, apice inflexis. FLOWERS fometimes green, fometimes purple, growing in bunches or racemi, which are hort, naked, branched, depreffed, and bent in at the tip. CALYX: Perianruivum pentaphyllum, foliolis ova- tis, concavis, carinatis, farina diaphana ad- . fperfis, perfiftentibus, marginibus membra- naceis, albidis, jig. 1. COROLLA nulla. CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of five leaves, the leaves ovate, concave, keeled, permanent, fprinkled with tranfparent meal, the edges membranous and whitifh, fr. 1. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: FILAMENTA quinque, alba, calyce paulo $ STAMINA: five white FiLAMENTS, a little longer | longiora; AN THER & majufculz, ochroleuce, * than the calyx: AnrueR«. largifh, yellow, didyme, jig. 2. and double, fig. 2. PISTILLUM : GznMzN orbiculatum: Styx duo, # PISTILLUM: GznMzN round and flat; Srvres breviffimi, minimi, fere inconfpicui, fiz. 3. two, very {mall and fhort, almoft inconfpi- cuous, jig. 9. tte Ya ate atate re e xS Ie de de ge EAE ER AE A ag OES TIR BE LE Tu at Be MERGE He ale EE e The leaves of this fpecies of Chenopodiwm have fome {mall refemblance to thofe of the great Stinging-Nettle, hence we have given it the Englifh name of Nettle-/eaved, in preference to that of wall (murale) to which, from its place of growth, with us at leaft, it has little pretenfions, as it 1s ufually found on dunghills, and on banks by road fides. | It grows plentifully on moft of the great roads leading from the metropolis; we have feen it in very great abundance during the late autumn on the Edgware road. It flowers from Auguft to October. The whole plant is fometimes entirely green, and fometimes tinged with red. It is moft ftrikingly diftinguifhed from the other fpecies by the particular form of its racemi, or flower branches, which are fhort and fpread out widely, fo as to give them a flat or depreffed appearance, the tops fomewhat curled in; in the rubrum and urbicum, the fpecies moft liable to be miftaken for it, the racemi are perfe&ly upright ; its gloffy leaves and unpleafant fmell contribute alfo to point it out. Like moft of the other plants of this genus, it affords plenty of feeds, which aflift in fupporting the numerous tribe of {mall hard-billed birds. . ‘ PARAS Pas dd ons M [^io dd Pd - mw INDEM VW PX ar e TM UMS inier 3:9 ^. P TU» $ MIV cO EE . ws " ; " n de A e OPERE T MEL Aat. f RAR x * Rn ; az Ter tmm “ed CukNoPopiuM RusanuM. SMALL-SEEDED Goosx-Foor. CHENOPODIUM, Linn. Gen PL Pk&NTANDR1A Dicynta. ; ; 4 Cal. 5-fidus, 5-coftatus. Cor. 6. Sem. 1. lenticulare. fuperum "e | horizontale calice conniventi tectum. | CHENOPODIUM. Raz Sym.Gen.5. HERBA FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO (VEL APETALO | POTIUS). : CHENOPODIUM rubrum fohis Picea obtufiufculis dentatis, racemis ere@is com- pofitis fubfoliofis caule brevioribus. Lan. Syf. Nar. ed. 19. Gmel. p. 448. Syf.. Vegetab. ed. A4. Murr. . 201. Sp. Pl ed. 3. p. 918. FI. Suec. ed. 9. 5. 78. | Lightfoot v. 1. p. 148. Hudf: Angl. ed. 2. b. 105. . CHENOPODIUM foliis glabris nitentibus, acute circumdentatis. Ha//, Hif. n. 1588. | ATRIPLEX fylv. latifolia. Bah. Pin. 119. ATRIPLEX fylveftris III. Mazzh. p. 462. ATRIPLEX fylveftris latifolia five Pes Anferinus. Goofe-Foot. Ger. emac. p. 328. f. 1. Park.. p. 749. f. 8. | BLITUM Pes Watts ditum. Goofe-Foot or Sow-Bane. Rai Syn, ed. 3. p. 154. BLITO Pes Anferinus ditto fimilis. Razz Syn. ed. 3. p. 154. BLITUM Morifono Atriplex procumbens folio finuato lucido craffo di&um. — Raz Sys. ed. 3. p. 154. Regarded by Mr. HupsoN as a variety of murule. | RADIX annua, fibrofa. ) ROOT annual and fibrous. 7 CAULIS pedalis, bipedalis, et ultra, plerumque erectus, 9 STALK a foot, two feet or more in height, generally inequaliter ftriatus, levis, viridis, purpuraf- 3 upright, unevenly flriated, fmooth, green, cens etiam ruberrimus, nonnunquam fim- purplifh, or even very red, fometimes fimple, plex, faepius vero ramofus, ramis inferioribus but moít commonly branched, the lower Pene et haud infrequenter decum- branches fpreading and not unfrequently de- bentibus. cumbent. FOLIA petiolata, fubcarnofa, glabra, nuda, fubtus ve- 9 LEAVES ftanding on foottalks, fomewhat flefhy, nofa, in petiolum decurrentia, finuata, dentata, fmooth, naked, veiny on the under fide, dentibus utrinque a bafin fecundis ceteris running down the foot-flalk, finuated, toothed, plerumque multo majoribus, omnibus acuti- the fecond teeth on each fide from the bafe ufculis et fepe rubro marginatis. ufually much larger than the others, all of them fomewhat pointed, and often edged with rea. LEAF-STALKS long, but fhorter than the leaves themfelves. FLOWERS very minute, fpiked, green, purplifh, or very bright purple, placed clofe together, in fmall roundifh feffile balls, under each little ball or clufter is placed a fmall leaf, longer than the ball itfelf, which gives to the fpikes a leafy appearance, the little clufters them- felves are fometimes obferved leafy. CALYX :.a PErtanruium of five leaves, which are ovate, concave, {preading, membranous on the edge, finally clofing and containing the feed, fig. 1. COROLLA none. STAMINA: five white Firaments a little longer than the calyx; Ax THER x yellow, fe. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat ovate, flattened, STYLE very fhort; SriGMATA two, villous, and fpreading, jig. 3. SEED very minute, lens-fhaped, fhining, of a deep brown colour, not wholly covered by the calyx, jig. 4. We have often had occafion to remark, that the more common plants, which grow as it were under our feet, are infinitely more difficult to afcertain than thofe which are rare; this arifes In [ome from a deficiency perhaps of fpecific chara¢ter, but more from that diverfity of appearance which they affume in confequence of growing in foils and fituations widely different: we have always found fludents, and. even thofe well. verfed in plants, at a lofs in making out the different fpecies of Chenopodium, and more efpecially the prefent fpecies ; and we fufpe& that Linn us, in his account of it, has in fome degree contributed rather to obfcure than elucidate it; in his Flor. Suec. ed. 2. in defcribing it, he fays, cawles decumbentes et terre apprefe; though this’ may be true of it when growing in certain fituations, as in f/arezs Stockholmia, it 1s not generally fo; on dunghills, which are frequently covered with it alone, and in wafle places that have been overflowed in the winter, fituations which this plant principally and very generally affeéts with us; the main flem 1s for the moft part perfe&lly upright, as much fo as that of the urézcum ; when it grows fingly in foils not very luxuriant, and efpecially at the clofe of the year, not only the lower branches are often procumbent, but the whole plant is fo, and often in a dwarf flate; indeed one can fcarcely imagine two plants more different than the one flarving in the fituation laft defcribed, and the other flourifhing on a rich dunghill, or a moift ditch originating near it, where it frequently attains the height of three feet. There is another circumílance which has contributed alfo to render a knowledge of this plant difficult, and that has arifen from its colour: Botanifts have not been aware that there are two principal varieties of it, one of a fine purple, which extends fometimes to the whole plant, and 1s fo brilliant as to render it even ornamental, the other pale green without the leafl tinge of red; and thele two may generally be found growing near each Kee C GC Ce Qo PETIOLI longi, at foliis ipfis breviores. FLORES minimi, fpicati, virides, purpurafcentes, aut vivide purpurei, in. glomerulis feffilibus fub- rotundis denfe collocati, fub fingulo glome- rulo foliolum glomerulo longius, hinc fpice foliofe evadunt, glomeruli ipfi etiam foliofi nonnunquam ob fe rvantur. CALYX: PeRn1ANTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, patentibus, margine membranaceis, demum claufis, femen includentibus, jig. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA : FrLAMENTA quinque, alba, calyce paulo longiora; ANTHER X flave, jig. 2. PISTILLUM: GznwzN fubovatum, compreffum ; SrvrLus breviflimus; Stigmata duo, vil- lofa, patentia, //g. 9. SEMEN minimum, lentiforme, nitidum, faturate ful- cum, calyce non penitus tetium, jg. 4. DOM OOo WOO KO Owep Oeo QeqxD ar «Or vH Qu CC Cp QC a CO o other. : - We have long fince difcovered the means of diftinguifhing with certainty this plant, under all its appearances, from the uréicum, with which it has the greateft affinity (Mr. Hupson, indeed, fufpeéted that thefe two plants were varieties only of each other) and that by the difference in the fize of their refpective feeds ; thofe of the rubrum are very minute, not much larger than the largeft grains of common writing fand, and thofe of the urbicum are nearly the fize of rape-feed. | To fee the flowers of this plant, we muft examine it when very young in Auguft and September. Cattle of no kind fhew any difpofition to eat this herb, which is, however, reported to be noxious to fwine, perhaps, on no good authority: the feeds afford abundant food for fmall birds; agriculturally confidered, it mutt be regarded as a weed, though not fo generally troublefome as fome of the others of the genus. Mj Y \ i] m Chenopodium "n r D» v * Wr - "3 ETE. PT a + P» - 7 aa e a , i a ji » E | , aeg CAUCALIS ÁNTHRISCUS. HEDGE CAUCALIS. Hudfon Fl, Angl ed. 2. p. 119... PeNTANDRIA DicvN1A. Corolle radiate, Fruétus fubovatus, fitiatus, fétis rigidis hifpidus. Rau Syn. Gem, 31, UMsELLITER & Hers. CAUCALIS Zbrifcus involucris multifidis*, umbella conferta, feminibus oblongis, foliolis ovatis pinnatifidis, ramis ereCus. Hud/on FI, Angl, ed. 9. p. 12. TORDYLIUM STAMINA : ten FILAMENTS, tapering, white, the breviora; ANTHER E fubrotunde, flavefcen- alternate ones fhorteft; ANTHER« nearly tes, jig. 3. $ round and yellowifh, fg. 3. ' PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, glandulis 6 PISTILLUM : Germen roundiíh, furrounded by five quinque cin&um ; Sryu1 tres, capillares, 8 glands ; Sry es three, very fine, and fpread- patentes, STIGMATA obtufa, alba, fig. 4. 4 ing; STIGMATA obtufe and white, Sig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsuta ovata, unilocularis, fex- , SEED-VESSEL : an ovate CapsuLr, of one cavity, PEDUNCULI ex axillis foliorum, folitarii, bini, terni, fimplices aut compofiti, ut plures pedicelli ex uno pedunculo communi egrediantur, fe- mipollicares ad pollicares, fuperne incraffati, florigeri ere&ü, fruCüigeri deflexi, bracteis duabus, lanceolato-fetaceis, membranaceis, albidis ad bafin et divifiones inftruéti. Oo 6 OO O6 C coc PSOSSSOSCOOS oD valvis, fig. 5. 6 and fix valves, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minuta, fubrotunda, comprefla, 5 SEEDS numerous, minute, roundifh, flattened, wrink- rugofa, rufa, fg. 6. M led, of a reddifh brown colour, fir. 6. Moft Moft of the old Botanifts regarded this plant as a diftin& fpecies, and the obfervations of the moderiis have fhewn that their opinion was well founded; they confidered it indeed as an Alfne, and this alfo was a further proof of their difcernment, for the A//ine medza and our plant are undoubtedly of the fame genus, inafmuch as they agree exactly in the parts of fruétification, number of ftamina excepted, and that is found to vary in the A/fine media: the Cerafteum femidecandrum is admitted to -be of the fame genus as the others, though it has only five ftamina ; the Alfne therefore fhould be removed to Szellaria, and called Stellaria Alfine ; the Ceraftium aquaticum ought alfo to be placed with them, as it agrees better with the character of a Stellaria, than a Cerafitum, efpecially in its feed-veffel, a part which is of the firft confequence in determining the genus, and which Linn aus has not fufficiently attended to. | Linn £us, in general too cautious in making fpecies, confiders our plant as a variety of Stellaria graminea ; but as it differs from that plant in fo many eflential points, we conclude he never had an opportunity of fairly examining and contrafting the two in a living ftate: DirrzNrvs has minutely defcribed it, efpecially the flowers, but neither he or any other author that we are acquainted with, has noticed the callous tips of the leaves, though very confpicuous, nor the particular fituation of the leaves refpecting the ftalk and each other, (fee the defcription.)9—D oo» v, as appears from Rav's Synoffis, had the merit of obferving that the flowers were produced ex alis foliorum, which is certainly one of the moft ftriking chara&ers of the fpecies, but this is not produced in the common way ; the fa& is, the flowers would be terminal, did not.a new kind. of fhoot or furculus, rather than a continuation of the ftem, proceed from the panicle. The petals being fo deeply divided, and fpreading fo far afunder, has occafioned fome miftakes in the de- {criptions which authors have given of the flowers: J. Baunine defcribes them with ten petals; VaILLant on the contrary, with five, and thofe undivided; this author, affuming to himfelf a fuperior degree of difcern- ment, complains that Morison and Ray had defcribed them as divided almoft to the bafe ; a more minute infpeGion would have taught him that they were not fuch fuperficial obfervers as he imagined. It is a very common plant in wet fpringy meadows, and efpecially on the edges of the ditches, which in- terfe& fuch meadows, but cannot be faid to be truly a bog plant, like Anagallis tenella, or Drofera. It flowers from 7une to Auguft. US IN LS Wa qu ik v * : : »" ] E £ ; | ly / * dt s ive ; ee " ; 1 y c. >- | 1 P - - I I + f e 9 q | ; | I S j ; tt}? vali Co 27 AXVCHIEA CERASTIUM ARVENSE. CORN CERASTIUM or MOUSE. | EAR CHICKWEED. Y CERASTIUM Lin. Gen. P. DEGANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala bifida. Cap/- unilocularis apice dehifcens. Rai Syn. Gen. 94. HERBA PENTAPETALA VASCULIFER A. CERASTIUM arven/e folis lineari-lanceolatis, obtufis, glabris; corollis calyce majoribus. Lin. Sy/. Vegetab. b. 436. Sp. Pl. p. 628. Fl. Suec. n. 417. MYOSOTIS foliis linearibus, lanceolatis, petalis calyce duplo longioribus. Hail. Ht. 889. MYOSOTIS arvenfis hirfuta flore majore. — Vaill. Paris. 141. t. 30. f. 4. CENTUNCULUS arvenfis hirfutus flore majore. Bauh. Pin. 210. Raw Syn. 348, Long-leav’d rough Chickweed with a large flower. | CARYOPHYLLUS holofteus. Ger. emac. 595. arvenfis hirfutus. Parkinf. 1339. Hud/. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. f. 901. Laghifoot FI. Scot. p. 241. RADIX perennis, filamentofo-fibrofa, repens. 9? ROOT perennial, with thready fibres, creeping. CAULES J/erzes plurimi, palmares et ultra, laxe " STALKS which dear no flowers, numerous, a haod's- cefpitofi, inferne proftrati, feepius repentes, breadth or more in length, forming a kind of poftea erecti, bafi fubramofi, deorfum pilofi; loofe turf, below proftrate and moftly creep- caulis florifer fepe duplo altior, validior; ing, afterwards upright, fomewhat branched Ítri&tus, fuperne ramofus, pilis minutis, ho- at the bafe, hairy, hairs turned. downward, rizontalibus, glandulofis fubvifcofus, omnes the flowering flem often twice as high, teretes, geniculati, ad geniculos fenfim fub- flronger, ftraight, branched above, fomewhat incraflati. vifcid with minute glandular hairs, both kinds round, jointed, thickened gradually to- wards the joints. LEAVES deep green, feflile, oppofite, fomewhat united at bottom, fpreading, frequently turned back, betwixt linear and lanceolate, rather pointed, hairy on the upper fide, hairs pointing upwards, on the under fide fmooth, edge fringed with hairs crooked backwards. FLOWER-STALKS from the forking of the flalk, growing fingly, or divided into two's or three’s, upright, one-flowered, /fzfule in pairs, oppofite, ovate, acute, concave, mem- branous on the edge. FLOWERS white, terminal, upright, and large. CALYX: a PzniaNTHIUM of five leaves, perma- nent, lanceolate, pointed, a litde hollow, fomewhat hairy and membranous on the edge, jig. 1. | COROLLA: 5 Prraus, heart-fhaped, fpreading, turned back a little towards the edge, di- vided almoft to the middle into two feg- ments, tender, white, ftriated with tranfpa- rent lines in the form of rays, twice the length of the Calyx, fig. 2. STAMINA: ten Fit AMENS, flightly tapering, fhorter than the corolla, the alternate ones fhorteft; ANTHERE oval and yellow, jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen globular; STYLzs five, very flender and fomewhat reflexed ; STIGMATA blunt, fg. 4. SEED-VESSEL : a CAPsuLE betwixt ovate and cy- lindrical, longer than the calyx, the mouth having ten teeth, fig. 5. SEEDS numerous, reddifh brown, fig. 6. FOLIA faturate viridia, feffilia, oppofita, fubconnata, patentia, fubreflexa, lineari lanceolata, acu- tiufcula, fupra pilofiufcula, pilis furfum fpec- tantibus, fubtus lzvia, margine ciliata, ciliis recurvis. PEDUNCULI e dichotomia caulis, folitarii, binati, ternati, erecti, uniflori ; f/zpu/zs binis, oppo- fitis, ovatis, acutis, concavis, margine mem- branaceis. FLORES albi, terminales, ere&i, magni. CALYX: PreritantTuium pentaphyllum, perfiftens foliolis lanceolatis, acutis, fubconcavis, pilo- fiufculis, margine membranaceis, /ig. 1. COROLLA: Perata 5, cordiformia, patentia, ver- ; fus marginem parum reflexa, ad medium fere bifida, tenera, alba, lineis hyalinis ra- diatim ftriata, calyce duplo longiora, jig. 2. STAMINA: Fitamenta decem, filiformi-fubulata, corolla breviora, alterna breviora; AN THER. ovales, lutea, jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen globofum ; Srvr1 quinque, capillares, fubreflexi; STriGMATA obtufa, fig 4- PERICARPIUM : CarsuLA ovato-cylindracea, ca- .. lyce longior, ore decemdentato, jig. 5. POOP OOS OSS OS OOOO POSS D COD €» D COD OQ Q qe Q QQ qq G2 CDD 45 DD «D c SEMINA plurima, rufefcentia, fig. 6. A rare plant in the neighbourhood of London, not uncommon about Croydon, and very plentiful about Bury in Suffolk; affects dry fituations ; is found on fand banks, walls, and in corn-fields; flowers with us early in June. Is diftinguifhed from all the other Cera/liums growing with us, by its large flowers, deep green leaves, which appear fmooth at a diftance, and powerfully creeping roots and ftalks. A few roots of this fpecies planted on a bank in my garden, Lambeth- Mar/h, covered with ftones in imitation of rock-work, foon increafed fo as wholly to overlpread a great part of it, and in a few years penetrating through to the north fide of the bank, fupplanted the Saxifraga hypnotdes, with a fine coat of which it was on that fide thickly covered.—We have feen it penetrate the mortar ofa brick wall, and have found that there is fcarcely a plant of its fize it will not overcome. We mention thefe circumftances, not only as they tend to illuftrate a part of the oeconomy of the plant, but that perfons may be on their guard how they introduce it, or fuch like encroaching plants, on any kind of rock-work they do not wilh them wholly to cover. It varies in the fmoothnefs of its leaves. VU bu 1987 vy Y. xd aai b gent d REIP quia atre 3. waa Ka POCO add 3-2 Ww 4 | S bt 12 yu qo ice d "m ! Ix WI z La, sce hy Walang ga i4 tg CznAsTIUM Pumitum. | Dwarr CERASTIUM. CERASTIUM, Linn. Gen. PL. Decanpria PENTAGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 2-fida. Cap/: 1-locularis, apice dehifcens. ' Ran Syn. Gen. 24. Herpa PENTAPETALA VASCULIFERAE. CERASTIUM pumilum floribus pentandris, petalis bifidis longitudine calycis, capfula calyce duplo longiore. ; Í | honc: c c CD C cC C — BÀ— ———— ———————— MÁOUUMMMMIMEMGPMBGMMAXMORXÉDONGOXDOPePRNA&só9:( ,Gt i55 To the lyncean eye of Mr. Dicksow we are indebted for the difcovery of this fpecies of Ceraftium, fo very nearly related to the /ewrdecandrum, that if the two plants had not been feen wild on the fame bank, they might long have been regarded as one and the fame fpecies ; having raifed it from feeds, obferved it in all its ftates, and compared it, as it has proceeded in its growth, with the Cera/lium femidecandrum, we do not. hefitate to publifh it as a fpecies perfectly diftinét. For want of a more appropriate name, we have afligned it that of pumilum. It agrees with the Ceraffium femidecandrum in being about the fame fize, ufually a little fmaller, having nearly the fame habit, the fame number of ftamina, and in being alfo an annual; but differs from it in the following particulars. The whole plant, but more efpecially the ftalks and leaves, are more evidently hairy, being indeed perfeétly hirfute, nearly as much fo as in the vu/gatvm ; the flowers are confiderably larger, the petals being nearly twice the fize, fully as long, or rather longer than the calyx, of courfe more fhewy, more confpicuous alfo from their fuperior whitenefs, regularly bifid or divided down one third, fo that they greatly refemble thofe of the vulgatum, vifcofum, and moft others of the fame genus; tbe feed-veffels are much longer, and more tapering, for the moft part twice the length of the calyx, but not always fo; the chara&ter moft to be depended on confifts in the form, length, and divifion of the petals; its fuperior hairinefs is alfo a good prima facie charaéter; the hairs on the branches, it is to be obferved, are equally vifcous as in the /emidecandrum ; the feeds in the pumzlum are larger, of a darker brown colour, and rougher. : Mr. Dicxson found this fpecies, which may perhaps be more common than we are aware, on dry banks near Croydon. It begins to flower as early as February and March, rather fooner than the /emidecandrum, and ripens its feeds in. May. Slugs and fnails are fo extremely fond of the plant, that it is with great difficulty kept where they abound. Parts of the Fruélificatron. Partes Fruétificattonts. Q | | 6 | Fig. 1. Calycis foliolum au&. 5 Fig. 1. One of the leaves of the Calyx magnified. 2. Petalum. à 2. A Petal. 9. Stamina cum pifüillo. : 3. The Stamina with the Piftillum. 4. Pifüllum. 5 | 4. The Pifüllum. | 5. Capfula End nat. 5. A Capfule of its natural fize. 6. ; Bauer magnit. nat. à 6. A Seed of its natural fize. 7. Semen auct. | $ 7. The fame magnified. ya; ar IS PE AES Se TEN. PA PM 5 - DE. ND ad By CERASTIUM TETRANDRUM. TETRANDROUS CERASTIUM, 4 or MoUsrE-EAR-CHICKWEED, CERASTIUM. Linn. Gem PL DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIÁ Cal. 5-phyllus. Perala e-fida, Caf. 1-locularis apice dehifcens; Rai Syr. HERB& PENTAPETALA VASCULIFER A. | CERASTIUM m caule diffufo dichotomo, 4loribus plerifque tetrandris, capfula calycem vix uperante. : SAGINA cerafloides caule diffufo dichotorio; foliis fpatulatis Stovatlive recurvis ; , pedunculis fruétiferis reflexis. Smith: Tranf. Linn. Soc. v. 2. p. 343: | RADIX annua, fibrofa. ~~ e i : ROOT annual, and fibrous: n CAULES plures, palmaris et ultra, diffufi, teretes, 9 STALKS numerous, about fix inches in length, fpread- villofi, fubvifcidi, purpurafcentes, dichotomi, 3 ing on the ground, round, villous, with fome ramofiffimi. ! vilcidity, purplifh, dichotomous, and very much branched. S oppofite, feffile, fomewhat connate, fpread- ing, bending back, perfeétly entire, flightly hirfute, paler, and lefs hairy on the under fide, the lowermoft ovato-lanceolate, the uppermoft ovate, and pointed. FLOWERS tetrandrous and pentrandrous in the fame plant, but. moftly tetrandrous, folitary, from the fork of the ftalk, on peduncles. PEDUNCLES filiform, vifcid, tumid at the bafe, when the flowering 1s over bent back, when the feed is ripened becoming upright. KO ON FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, fubconnata, patenti-recur- ó LEAVE vata, integerrima, hirfutula, fubtus pallidiora 6 et minus hirfuta, inferiora ovato-lanceolata, ad bafin anguftiora, fuperiora ovata, acuta. FLORES tetrandri et pentandri in eadem planta, plerique vero tetrandri, folitarii, e dichotomia caulis, pedunculati. PEDUNCULI filiformes, vifcidi, ad bafin tumidi, poft florefcentiam reflexi, maturato femine fub- erecti. CALYX; PERIANTHIUM 4-5 phyllum, perfiflens, fo- liolis lanceolatis, acuminatis, hirfutulis, vif- cidis, duobus paulo anguftioribus, margine membranaceis, jig. 1. continuing, leaves lanceolate, acuminate, flightly hirfute, vifcid, membranous, on the edge, two of them fomewhat narrower than the others, jig. 1. COROLLA: Perat:s four or five, fhorter than. the calyx, white, a little gloffy, claws yellowifh, flriated, bifid, the lobes ftraight, a little | pointed, fg. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA 4-5, fubulata, alba, longi- Ó STAMINA: FiLAMzNTS four or five, fubulate, white, tudine ftylorum; AN T HER X lutefcentes, fig. 9. the length of the ftyles; AnrHER & yellowifh, COROLLA PzrALA 4-5, calyce breviora, alba, niti- dula, unguibus flavefcentibus, ftriata, bifida, lobis rectis, acutiufculis, fg. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen turbinatum, leve, virefcens ; STYLI 4-5, erecti, albi, villofuli; SriGMATA obtufa, jig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Carsura oblonga, calyce paulo ^ longior, 8-10 dentata, fg. 5, 6. ig. 9. UÜ PISTILLUM : Germen top-fhaped, fmooth, green- ih; Srvrrs four or d upright, white, fomewhat villous; SriGMATA blunt, jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL : an oblong Carsuzz, a little longer than the calyx, having eight or ten teeth, T CTORUM NE SEEDS numerous, minute, and brown, jg. 7, 8. SEMINA plurima, minuta, fufca, fig. 7, 8. As the prefent plant, in its general habit and ftructure, fo obvioufly proclaims itfelf to be a Ceraftrum, we were furprifed to find that the Prefident of the Linnzan Society had regarded it as a Sag/zz, a genus to which it has very little affinity, except in the number of its petals, ftamma, and ftyles ; fuppofing it to be always found, as he afferts it is to be, with /forzóur quadrifidis, or, as would have been perhaps more fcientifically exprefled, Hloribus tetrapetalis ; but admitting the fact to be fo, which it is not in reality, a difference merely in the number of its parts furely would not make it the lefs a Cera/tium; if it would, the /emidecandrum and pumilum, already figured in this work, would not be fuch, as they have only half their proper number of ftamina: that the fpecimens which Dr. SmirH examined were all tetrandrous we readily believe, and have no doubt but we fhall obtain equal credit when we affert, that in the living plant from whence our drawing was made, nearly the fourth part of the flowers were pentandrous; in the form and ftruéture of the feed-veffel, a part which forms the ftriking " charaé&ter of a Ceraffium, vid. G&RTNER, our plant is not deficient, and the feeds (when magnified) correfpond in form with all the others of the genus, wid. fg. 8. The flowers of this plant expand, as the influence of the fun is more or lefs powerful, without any regard to: the particular time of the day ; after they have been prevented from opening by a wet cloudy day, we have feen them expand partially on the fun's fhining on them fo late as feven in the evening: its peduncles, as in Alfine, Holoftea, and fome others of the Ceraffiums, bend back when the flowering is over, and become ere& s the feed ripens. ; / i Bee me difference in the number of its ftamina, this plant differs from /emidecandrum and pumilum, in being much larger, and more procumbent; in the latter charaéter it differs wholly from wz/co/um, to which it has fome affinity, in the breadth, of its foliage; the mouth of the capfule opens ufually with eight teeth, the flower, which has five petals, is found with ten; thofe teeth, when magnified, appear fomewhat truncated, and their edges turn back, wd. fig. 6. ; | Mr. Dicksox, the fortunate difcoverer of Ceraffiums, found this plant. growing abundantly on the Ifland of Inch-Keith in the Firth of Forth, and on the fea-fhore below Prefton-Pans; it 1s not likely that this fpecies, or the pumilum, {hould be confined within the narrow limits of growth which we at prefent affign them; as the feveral fpecies are more minutely attended to, they will (we may venture to predict) be foundb aundautly here. | a uM flowers in May and June, and grows readily from feeds, which fhould be fown in Autumn. , CALYX: a PEeRrANTHiUM of four or five leaves, ^ — A). : leragstiivm- TIT MALA. S Fdwards del. ZF Sanjom veu. à e 2 i a im : MUW Oe ees ^ui Y ud I Mis Saale pant ld n? 3 I E Sft igs * —— — =) laid $1 P. uL ME 21 oe Wu Roe a CEN sm er, Y RUN - d Me — eer eA , ~ L -Guaucium CoRNICULATUM. Rp Hornep-Poppy. CHELIDONIUM.; Linn. Gen. Pi. POLYANDRIA MOoNOGYNIA. | | Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phyllus. .$777u4 1-locularis, linearis, Rat Sym. Gen. 22. Herbe vafculifere flore tetrapetalo anomale. CHELIDONIUM coraiculatum pedunculis unifloris, foliis feffilibus pinnatifidis, caule hifpido, Linn. Sy. Veg. ed. 14. Murr, p. 489. Sp. Ph ed. 3. p. 724. Hudf. Fl, Angl. ed. 2. p. 229. GLAUCIUM hirfütum flore pheeniceo. Tourn. Inf. 254. PAPAVER corniculatum Dicentacwer Bhfütum. Baub. Pin. 171. PAPAVER corniculatum rubrum. Dod. Pempt. 449. PAPAVER cornutum pheeniceo flore. C/zf Hifl. 9. p. xci. PAPAVER cornutum flore rubro. Ger, Herb. p. 294. f. 2. emac. 367. f. 2. Red-horned Poppey. alfo fig. 3, in Ger. Herd. | RADIX annua, fufiformis, parum fibrofa, flavef- ; ROOT annual, fpindle-fhaped, flightly fibrous, yel- lowifh. cens. ) CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, ereétiufculus, 9 STALK a foot or a foot and a half in height, teres, leviter fulcatus, pilis longis diftantibus — fomewhat upright, round, flightly grooved, hifpidus, pallide virens, ramofus, rami cauli Ó covered with long diftant hairs, of a pale fimiles, divaricato-patuli. green colour, branched, branches like the Oo. . Italk, fpreading widely. FOLIA candicantia, radicalia in orbem pofita, erec- 9 LEAVES whitifh, thofe next the root placed cir- tiufcula, petiolata, cetera feffilia, femiam- : cularly, fomewhat upright, ftanding on foot- plexantia, alterna, remota, finuato-pinna- ftalks, the reft feffile, half embracing the tifida, utrinque pilis uti cauli hifpida; 6 ftalk, alternate, remote, finuated and pin- lacinie in radicalibus alterne; extima con- natifid, covered on both fides with hairs as lluentes, in fuperioribus caulinis oppofite, on the flalk, the fegments in the root-leaves dentate, dentibus obtufiufculis, mucronatis, alternate, the outermoft ones confluent, in nunc remotis, nunc approximatis, ad apices the upper ftalk leaves oppofite, toothed, plerumque ternis, teeth fomewhat obtufe, terminating in a fhort e point, fometimes remote, fometimes near each other, the tops having ufually three. FLORES folitarii, magni, rubro-crocei, ere&ti, caduci. 6 FLOWERS growing fingly, large, bright red, inclining . Dew 1 to orafige, upright, quickly falling. PEDUNCULI terminales, foliis oppofiti, breves, ad 9 FLOWER-STALKS terminal, oppofite the leaves, apices dilatati, cauli fimiles. fhort, dilated at top, like the ftalk. CALYX: Perianruium pedunculo brevius, diphyl- ? CALYX: a Perranrarum Íhorter than the flower- lum, hirfutiffimum, foliolis ovato-oblongis, 6 flalk, two leaved, very hairy, leaves ovato- concavis, caducis. . oblong, quickly falling. COROLLA: PzTALA 4, fubrotunda, inequalia, bafi 0 GOROLLA : 4 PzrALs, roundifh, unequal in fize, . amgulliora, plana, margine erofo-crenata, ad narrower at the bafe, the edge notched or balin macula oblonga nigra notata, fg. 1. knawed, the bafe marked with an oblong, black fpot, fg. 1. STAMINA: about fifteen Firaments, a little flat. tened, fhorter than the corolla; ANTHER& oblong, obtufe, flattened, erect, double, of a pale orange colour, fig. 2. HOO: HOM C OO: STAMINA: Firamenta 15 circiter, planiufcula, corolla breviora: ANTHER# oblongz, ob- tufe, compreffz, erecte, didyme, pallide aurantiace, jig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen cylindraceum, fericeo-tomen- 0 PISTILLUM: Gzermen cylindrical, covered with a tofum; longitudine ftaminum; ST v 1.vs nullus; filky down, length of the flamina; Srvrr STIGMA capitatum, craffum, bifidum, viride, none; STIGMA forming a head, thick, bifid, and green, fgg. 9. SEED-VESSEL: a cylindrical Pop, ftraight, fomewhat flattened, about 8 inches long, roughifh, appreffis fcabriufcula, fligmate bilabiato with hairs preffed to it, terminated by the terminata, bivalvis. N two-lipd ftigma, having two valves. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, fubreniformia, pulchre 9 SEEDS numerous, blackifh, fomewhat kidney-fhaped, reticulata, diffepimento fpongiofo nidulantia. beautifully reticulated, neftling in the fpongy receptacle. : fg. 3- ! PERICARPIUM: Sirrova cylindracea, firicta, fub- compreífa, uncias circiter 8 longa, pilis CO COO COCHE HO COO DMO? Qi OV OHO OO KOC Moft of the old Botanifis regarded the Horned-Poppy as a Papaver: TourNnerort made it a diftin&t genus by the name of G/auczum : Linn 2us united it with the Che/donium, with which, in our humble opinion, it has lefs affinity than with Papaver; why he fhould not have follewed TounNzronr in this inftance, we fee no good reafon; furely the ftru&ture of the feed-veffel juftifies the great founder of genera, in feparating it from the other two; fo have thought the moft celebrated fyflematic Botanifts of modern times; in particular, HALLER, ADANSON, Jussizu, and Scopott; the latter obferves, that if the fruit is not to be attended to in forming the generic character, neither fhould the Poppy be feparated from the Celandine. This ornamental fpecies, diftinguifhed by the colour of its flowers, its general roughnefs, and place of growth, and fince Rav's time difcovered by Mr. SririiNGrFLEET in the fandy corn-fields of fome parts of Norfolk, 1s a well-known european plant, growing wild in corn-fields, by road fides, in Spain, France, and Germany ; it flowers in June and July, and ripens its feed in Auguft. Crusius obferves, that as the plant grows old it becomes fmoother, and a fmooth variety of it is mentioned by C. BAuHINE. If this plant be once introduced to a garden, in which the foil is light and the fituation dry, it will come. up yearly from feeds fpontaneoufly fcattered, K mations MC Mp res yp eth V rui b^ E " 2H ex TE hort P jt Jua C MA C "T Sanjom reu ta adel E " wards 2 Cistus GutrAtus. SPOTTED-FLOWERED CisTUs. CISTUS; Linn. Gen. PL: Poryanvria Monocyntia. ; | ! Cer. 5-petala. .Ca/ 5-phyllus: foliolis duobus minoribus: Caef/wAe | Ra Sym Gen. 24, HERBA PENTAPETALA VASCULIFERJE; CISTUS guitatus herbaceus exflipulatus, foliis oppofitis lanceolatis trinerviis, raceinis ebraGeatis: Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 499. Mant. 403. CISTUS annuus, foliis radicalibus oppofitis, lanceolatis trinerviis, ramiferis ternatis linearibus. Sut, Mon/p. 148... | - CISTUS foliis oblongo-acuminatis non ftipulatis caule florali racemofo, Guett Stamp, 2. p. 181, Dalib, Eb Parif. 1 58. alie | , CISTUS flore pallido punicanté macula infignito: C. B. Pin. 465. TUBERARIA minor Myconi. Lugd. 1099. CISTUS annuus II. Cf. Hif. 1. p. 77. CISTUS annuus flore maculató. Ger. emac. 1281. f 19: Spotted annual Ciftus. CISTUS annuus flore guttato. Spotted annual Ciftus. Park. Th. p. 661. HELIANTHEMUM flore maculofo. Gol Ecphr. IT. 78. 2.77. Tota planta gratum odorem fpirat, prefertim flores, — à The whole plant diffufes a pleafant odour, efpecially . the flowers. RADIX annua. ROOT annual. | I CAULIS femipedalis ad pedalem, erectus, ramofus uf x STALK from fix inches to a foot in height, upright; que ad bafin, teres, hirfutulus, vifcofus. branched quite to the bottom, round, {lightly hairy, and vifcid, LEAVES oppofite, connate; the lowermoft lanceolate and fomewhat blunt, the furface rough with little prominent points, three-ribbed, flightly hirfute, the uppermoft lanceolato-linear. FLOWERS. growing in racemi, ftanding on foot. ftalks, yellow, deciduous, with and without brattee, and that on the fame racemus; Pe- duncles round, vifcous, drooping before the bloffoms open, upright during their expanfion, turning back again when the flowering is over, and again becoming upright on the fhedding of the feed, : CALYX: a PER1ANTHIUM of five leaves, continuing, the three larger leaves ovate, pointed, con- cave, vifcous, hirfute, dotted with glands of a blackifh purple colour, clofing together when the flowering is over; the two. fmaller leaves lanceolate, edged with hairs, and | | Ípreading, fg. 1. COROLLA: PzrALA quinque, obovata, lutea, ma- 6 COROLLA: PzrALs five, obovate, yellow, marked ' cula purpurea ad bafin notata, inzqualiter 9. with a yellow fpot at the bafe, the edge irre- circumférrata, fig: 2. gularly indented, jg. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA plurima; ANTHER 4 flave, ; STAMINA: FrnAMENTS numerous; ANTHER« yel- y FOLIA oppofita, connata; inferiora lanceolata, obtu- | frufcula, punétis prorinulis fcabriufcula, tri- nervia, hirfutula, fuperiora lanceolato-linearia. FLORES racemofi, pedunculati, lutei, caduci, brac- teati, et ebracteati, idque in eodem racemo ; Pedunculi teretes, vifcofi, ante florefcentiam nutantes, pendente florefcentia erecti, peracta florefcentia reflexi, feminibus demiffis iteruin eriguntur, - iJ OO eC Coe YD 1 DQ Qi QD QHD GQ GQ oC Dt GO . CALYX: Pertanruium ‘pentaphyllum, perfiftens, foliolis tribus majoribus ovatis, acutis, con- cavis, vifcofis, hirfutis, glandulis atro-purpu- reis punctatis, peracta florefcentia convergen- übus; duobus minoribus lanceolatis, ciliatis, patentibus, fg. 1. — Lee fo v. E | | 6 low, fig. 9. | | PISTILLUM: Girmenfubrotundum: Srvrusnulls: à PISTILLUM: GznwEN roundifh; SrTvrir none; . STIGMA magnum, flavum, villofum, fig. 4. © ( . STIGMA large, yellow, and villous, fg. 4. PERICARPIUM: CarsuLa trivalvis, valvis ovatis, 9 SEED-VESSEL : a CarsuLE of three valves, the concavis marginibus ad lentem ciliatis, fig. 5. 9 valves ovate, concave, the edges fringed when ; magnified, fg. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, pallida, interno parieti : SEEDS numerous, very fmall, of a pale colour, af- valvarum per fila affixa, jig. 6. fixed by threads to the infide of the valves, | fig. 6. | This very diftin&t fpecies of Ciftus, is firft enumerated as a Britifh plant in Rav's Synop/fis, where it is defcribed on the authority of Dr. Suzrarp, as growing in the Ifle of Jerfey, on the weft fide, near Grofnez-Caflle; and is further mentioned, on the authority of Mr. Brewer, in Mr. Hupson’s Flora Anglica, as being found in the ve of Man; in fandy paftures on Llech ddue, near Holyhead; in France, Spain, and Italy, it occurs more requently, Both ibi Ciftus and the /a/icifolius ate annuals, in which refpe& they differ from all the other Britifh fpecies ; from each other they are diftinguifhed by feveral characters, none of which are more obvious than the difpro- portionate fize of their refpettive feed-veffels. Several peculiarities attend on this fpecies, fome of which have efcaped the obfervations of authors; the fpots on the petals have been generally noticed, they contribute to render the flowers a pretty ornament; on the lower part of each of the larger leaves of the calyx one perceives numerous black glands, interfperfed among the hairs, vifible to the naked eye, and very con{picuous when fomewhat magnified ; Crusius, who found this plant in Spain, defcribes it as covered with a fort of glutinous exudation; we have not perceived much of this, but we' have found the whole plant diffufe a moft delightful fragrance, more efpecially the flowers, and flower cups; this odoriferous matter, we apprehend, chiefly refides in the black glands we have mentioned. . Inthe middle of fummer, the ufual time of its flowering, when the mornings are long, and the folar rays powerful, the petals of this fpecies will frequently fall off before nine o'clock; towards Autumn, we have obferved them continue till noon; immediately on their falling, the three larger leaves of the calyx clofe together over the ftamina, and piftillum, and fecure them from any injury they might be liable to fuflain from the early lofs of their more delicate covering. j This plant is propagated without difficulty, it produces abundance of feeds, which readily grow; fow them in. a pot of earth, in the Autumn; guard the feedlings, which will be fmall, againft injuries during the Winter, and your plants will flower early the enfuing Summer; fhould your autumnal crop fail; fow again in the Spring, — ' -your plants will flower in the Summer, but later. | | j Has been obferved by authors to vary with flowers without fpots, XO QNO LU LA eee pl hep ge Ee Rane s T) dw In LA ie xe la rab ilg eg eres i 7 d LP hs ae Pon oer tes UR gr hike eh af 3; sei bad; uii: vier ai 8 RM AS bo hd o veros b ido wat zootedo: ut "emu eias eii dos y blots o ptt. Damion vitm rat e dicum Win, rs jah RA a da disi o vf oe ee L1) eae AA TER Ld rent ah HELLEBORUS VIRIDIS. GREEN HELLEBORE. HELLEBORUS. Lin. Gen. PL Potyanpria PoLyGynia. Cal. o. Petala5. f. plura. Neéfaria bilabiata, tubulata, Capfila polyfperme, ere€tiuicule, Rau Syn, Gen. 17. Herb MYLTISILIQUA SEU CORNICULATA, HELLEBORUS «zz; caule bifido, ramis foliofis bifloris, foliis digitatis, Lyn. yf. Vegetab. p. 59. Sp. Pl. 784. Scop. Carn. ed. 2. n. 607. Hud. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 245. Lightf Scot. p. 207. "facg. Fl. Aufir. v. 2. t. 205. HELLEBORUS foliis multipartitis, ferratis, caule pancifloro. Hal/. Hif. 2. 1192. HELLEBORUS niger hortenfis flore viridi. — Bau. Pin. 185. HELLEBORASTER minor, flore viridante. Baftard blacke Hellebor or Bearesfoote. Pure. 219. HELLEBORASTRUM Wilde blacke Hellebor. Ger. Heré. p. 825. f. 2. emac. p. 976. f. 2. Rai Syn. ed. 3. p. 271. "VERATRUM nigrum II. Dod. Pempt. p. 385. f. 2. tenses EE RADIX perennis, ex fufco nigricans, novos furculos quotannis promens, plurimis fibris, majuf- culis capillata, fibris longis, radice ipfa pal. lidioribus, intus albicantibus, faporis amari fubacris, ingrati. CAULIS fubfolitarius, ereétus, pedalis circiter, ple- rumque bifidus, fubnudus, glaber, teretiuf- culus, inferne purpurafcens; ramis patenti- bus, foliofis, fubbifloris. ROOT perennial, of a blackifh brown colour, putting forth yearly. new fhoots, furnifhed with nu- merous large fibres, which are long, paler than the root itfelf, whitifh within, of a bitter, fomewhat acrid, and unpleafant tafte. STALK ufually fingle, upright, about a foot in height, generally bifid, almoft naked, fmooth, nearly round, below purplifh, branches Ípreading, leafy, fupporting for the moft part two flowers. LEAVES fingered, unequally cloven, fegments oblong- lanceolate, pointed, finely ferrated, veiny 3 FOLIA digitata, inzequaliter fiffa; laciniis oblongo- lanceolatis, acutis, argute ferratis, venofis CO Coo Co CD Qi Gv Gr Ceo CD 3 = . . LI 2 obfcure viridibus, lucidis; radicalia petiolata, à of a dull green and glofly, thofe next the multipartita, petiolo femitereti, fulcato; cau- Q root flandmg on footílalks, deeply divided Ima ad divifiones ramorum pedunculorumque 9 into many fegments, the footftalk convex on feflilia tri-quadri-quinquelobata. one fide, flat on the other, and grooved, thofe of the flalk placed at the divifions of the branches and peduncles, feffile, three, | four, or five lobed. FLORES mediz magnitudinis, fubnutantes, virides, 0 FLOWERS of a middling fize, nodding fomewhat, . fubfuaveolentes. PEDUNCULI fubcompreffi, rugofi. F CALYX nullus. COROLLA: PzTALA 5, ovata, obtufa, calyciformia, viridia, folis pallidiora, intus venofa, per- fiftentia. NECTARIA circiter decem, luteo-virentia, inter petala et ftamina, in orbem pofita, ercéia, _tubulofa, pedunculata, ore obfolete bilabiato crenato, fig. 2. green, {lightly odoriferous. LOWER-STALKS fomewhat flattenéd and wrinkly. CALYX none. COROLLA: 5 PeErats, ovate, obtufe, calyx-like, green, paler than the leaves, 'veiny on the infide, continuing. NECTARIES about ten, of a yellowifh green colour, placed in a circle between the petals and {tamina, upright, tubular, ftanding on foot- ftalks, the mouth faintly two lip'd and notch’d, 2 STAMINA: Firamenra numerofa, neGriis duplo longiora, fubulata, .lutefcentia; ANTHERJE erecta, ovales, pallide, fg. 1. PISTILLUM: Germina a duobus ad fex, raro plura ig. 9. STAMINA: FriLAMENTS numerous, twice the length of the neé&taries, tapering, yellowifh ; Awn- THERJE upright, oval, of a pale colour, fig. 1. PISTILLUM: Germina from two to fix, rarely De CODO CO COH Ceo Dr DO D+} 1} CC 9 lI magna, oblonga, levia; Sryzr fubulati, more, large, oblong, fmooth; Sry.es ta- recurvati; STIGMATA obtufa, craffiufcula, pering, bending back; Srigmara blunt, Fig: 3: à thickifh, fg. 9. \ The Helleborus viridis, fo called from the green colour of its flowers, is found fparingly in the neighbourhood of London, we have feen it wild only in one fpot, a {mall wood near Finchley, where it was difcovered by Mr. Jacos Rayer, a zealous and indefatigable labourer in the caufe of Botany; in various other parts of the kingdom it is more common, but not generally fo: with us it is ufually found in woods and copfes, efpecially fuch as have a moift {tiff foil, which it particularly affects, and out of which it will not thrive; in different parts of Germany it is faid to grow in open mountainous fituations, and where, if we may judge from Prof, Jacguin’s figure, it is lefs luxuriant than here. It begins to flower in February, and continues in bloffom through March and part of April; when favourably fituated it produces feeds in abundance. C. Bauuine obferves, that its roots are by many ufed medicinally; their qualities are moft probably the fame as thofe of the niger, and feridus, and hence there is little doubt but they may be fafely fub(lituted for thofe of the former, which is the true officinal plant: in faé they are fo ufed in London. Mr. Basineron, who fo honourably fills the ftation of Apothecary to Guy's-Hofpital, affures me that great quantities of its roots are yearly fent up from the country, and ufed for thofe of Black Hellebore ; they are of a lighter colour, which is the moft obvious chara&ter by which they are diflinguifhable: it is a fortunate circumflance that from their being poffeffed of fimilar qualities, the health of the public is not likely to receive any material injury from an impofition fo grofs, or from ignorance fo unpardonable. VoczL informs us in his Materia Medica, that the Francfort and Hambro' merchants frequently fubílitute the roots of the Adonis vernalis for thole of the Helleborus niger. To the injuries arifing from fuch impofitions the public will be liable, while medical men are fo inattentive to the few plants now uled medicinally, and while the walking an Hofpital, as it is called, and diffe&ing a dead body, fhall be confidered as all-fufficient to qualify for the mott important profeffion in life. th 1 ; : P A UI Mp Vict mini No o Ui es hort Ma di die Ai ay hr aM CETT Aen poor Se a dan "e H jar I MA b. wipe wf a » T - 3-2 & dA Lud LV & oh : " y M Hh Undead Me P: ^ E : I wn APART C De ^s oe FMRI D: STATES amp armor TA jaime agra pr doth Yo meta Masa 3 ERAT En V Von T » aeq bna xir f t Ve do od irt ora ELE YS i n Not NR ANEMONE APENNINA. MOUNTAIN ANEMONE. ANEMONE. Linn. Gen. PL POLYANDRIA PoLyGyNia. Cal. o. Petala 6-9. Sem. plura. Rau Syn. Gen. 15. HERB& SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMA. ANEMONE apennina leminibus acutis, foliolis incifis, petalis lanceolatis numerofis. Linn. Syl. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 511. Spec. Pl. ed. 3. p. 762. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 237. ANEMONE geranii robertiani folio caerulea. Bauh. Pin. 174. ! RANUN CULUS nemorofus, flore ceruleo, apennini montis. Mentz. pug. t. 8. f. 2. ANEMONE hortenfis tenuifolia, fimplici flote 1. C/zf. Hift. 1. f. 254. ANEMONE Geranifolia.. Storke's-bill Windedlonter, Ger. Herb. p. 304. fig. 7. RANUNCULUS nemorofus flore purpureo ceruleo. The fingle purple wood Crowfoote. Park. Th. | $-325. Ran Syn. ed. 3. p. 259. | | RADIX perennis, tuberofa, craffitie minimi digiti, 6 ROOT perennial, tuberous, the thicknefs of the little difformis, fufca. finger, irregular in its fhape, and of a brown colour. | , 1 C : : CAULIS teres, glaber, purpurafcens, uniflorus, fpitha- 9 STALK round, fmooth, purplifh, about a fpan high, mzus. fupporting a fingle flower. laciniis incifis, acutiufculis, utrinque pilofis; € ding on foot-ftalks, fmall leaves tripartite, folium caulinum pedunculo fubje&tum (five 9 fegments incifed, fomewhat pointed, hairy on involucrum) feffile, ter aut quaternatum, foli- both fides; the ftalk-leaf placed under the olis uti in folio radicali. peduncle (or involucrum) feffile, compofed of | three or four leaves, fmall leaves as 1n thofe from the root. : FOLIA radicalia ternata, petiolata, foliolis tripartitis, LEAVES from the root growing three together, ftan- c FLOS ere&us, pallide caeruleus, odore fuavi. FLOWER upright, of a pale blue colour, and fweet {mell 6 FLOWER-STALK about a hand's breadth in length, round, hairy, purplifh, clofe to the flower green. PEDUNCULUS fubpalmaris, teres, pilofus, . fubpur- purafcens, juxta florem viridis. LOLOL OOOO Oe, OO Oy CALYX nullus. ALYX wanting. ee COROLLA: PzrALA 12 ad 15, in tres ordines dif- OROLLA : Perats from 12 to 15, difpofed in three pofita, oblonga, jg. 1. - rows, of an oblong fhape, jg. 1. STAMINA: FinaMENTS numerous, unequal, capil- lary, white; ANTHER E upright, double and yellowifh, jig. 2. STAMINA: FILAMENTA numerofa, inzqualia, capil- € laria; alba; AwTHEm& erette, didyme, flaventes, ig. 2. PISTILLUM ; Germina numerofa, in capitulum col- le&a; Srvi: breves; SriGMATA obtufa, Jf2- 9- SEMINA plurima, fubovata, compreffa, villofula, apice purpurea, ftylum incurvum retinentia, haud infrequenter abortiva, jig. 4, 5- PISTILLUM: GznMiNA numerous, growing in a lit- tle head; Sryues fhort; Stigmata blunt, JB. 3: SEEDS numerous, fomewhat ovate, flattened, flightly villous, purple at top, retaining the ftyle, which is bent downward, jig. 4, 5. frequently proving abortive. KOC OO € 0990000000» The Anemone apennina found undoubtedly wild on the Apennine mountains, grows plentifully in Lord Spencer’s Park at Wimbledon, but in fuch fituations as leaves room to doubt its being an original native of that fpot; we fhould therefore have fcarcely confidered ourfelves juftified in figuring it, as an Englifh plant, had it not been mentioned by feveral authors as growing wild in different parts of the kingdom, as near Harrow on the Hill, Mr.-Dusois; in a wood near Luton-Hoe in Bedfordfhire, Mr. Tu. KxowrroN; Ray's Syn. and near Berkbamp- fread, Herts, Mr. GoovaLL; With. Arr. ed. 2. This fpecies flowers the beginning of April at the fame time as the Wood Anemone, with which it has fome affinity in its foliage, but differs widely in its root and flowers, the former is much thicker, and more knobby, the Petals of the latter much narrower, more than twice as numerous, and of a colour wholly different, being of a light pleafant purplifh blue: when they firft expand, the outer part of the Petals has a rich purplifh tint, which is loft when the flowers have been fome time expofed to the fun. It is a very ornamental plant, fuitable to decorate the flower garden, fhrubbery, or wildernefs, it delights in a pure air, and a light loamy foil; we never could make it fucceed in our Garden at Lambeth-Marfh, but at - Brompton it thrives greatly. un ini. ' = - C/A nemeone AULA - à + v 4 ad " te bi 5 Mes = 3) See WWVUCH AMI J—— RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS. Corn CROwWFOOT.. RANUNCULUS. Linn. Gen. PL PorvANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Peta/a 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Sem. nuda. Rait Sym. Gen. 15. MHzRBE SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERM E. RANUNCULUS arvenfis feminibus aculeatis, foliis fuperioribus decompofitis linearibus. Linn. Syff. Veget. ed.14. Murr. p. 518. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. p. 197. Sp. Pl. ed. 9. v. 1. p. 790. Hudf. Fl: Angl. ed. 2. p. 242. Lighif. Scot. v, 1. p. 294. Scop. Carn. v. 1. f» 400. ed. 9. RANUNCULUS feminibus aculeatis, folis: tripartitis, lobis longe petiolatis, bi et tripartis, acute incis. Ha. Hif. n. 1170. RANUNCULUS arvenfis echinatus. | Bau, Pin. p.179. RANUNCULUS arvorum. Park. Th. 328. fig. 4. Crowfoote of the ploughed fields. Raz Syn. ed. 2. p. 248. Corn Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS arvorum. Crowfoote of the fallowed field. Ger. Herb. p. 805. emac. p. 951. fs 3: RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. NECTARIUM fovea in fingulo petalo fupra unguem; 9 NECTARY : a fmall depreffion in each petal above the claw, covered by a fmall emarginate fcale, JS. 3: STAMINA: about 16 Firaments half the length of the corolla; AnTHER« upright, oblong, obtufe, double, the colour of the petal, fir. 4, 5. of walt nee ; Íquamula emarginata claufa, jig. 9. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA circiter 16, corolla dimidio ; breviora; ANTHER & ereCie, oblonga, ob- 8 Q Q Q Q Q 3 tufe, didymz, petalis concolores, fig. 4, 5. PISTILLUM : Geruina numerofa, in capitulum PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, forming a fmall collecta; STiGMATA recurva, jig. 6. head; Sr1GMATA bent back, jg. 6. : ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous. - CAULIS ere&us, pedalis et ultra, teretiufculus, hinc 2 STALK upright, a foot or more in height, roundifh, fubcompreffus, inferne levis, fuperne hir- à flattened a little on one fide, fmooth below, futulus, ramofiffimus, ramis ante florefcen- 9 [lightly hirfute above, very much branched, - tiam fubnutantibus. à branches nodding fomewhat before flowering. FOLIA pleraque alterna, fuperiora quedam oppofita, à LEAVES moflly alternate, fome of the upper ones. | _ fubpetiolata, vaginantia, tripartita, lacinus tri- à) oppofite, fhort footftalk’d, fheathing, tripar- fidis, patentibus, lacinulis lanceolato-linearibus, à tite, the fegments trifid, fpreading, the fmaller bi-trifidis, acutiufculis, bafi anguftatis ; radica- 6) divifions lanceolato-linear, bifid or trifid, lia petiolata, laciniis latioribus. Q fomewhat pointed and narrowed at the bafe; à root leaves ftanding on long footftalks, feg- broader 6 ments : Q FLORES flavi, minores. ; FLOWERS yellow, rather fmall than large. PEDUNCULI foliis oppofiti, iis paulo longiores, patulo- ; FLOWER-STALKS oppofite to and fomewhat longer erecti, teretes, pubefcentes, folitari, uniflori. 6 than the leaves, betwixt upright and fpread- ; ing, round, downy, fingle and one-flowered. CALYX: Pertantruium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, à CALYX: a Pzn1AN THIUM of five fmall ovate leaves, concavis, lutefcentibus, bafi albidis, deciduis, 6 concave, yellowifh, whitifh at the bafe, and ns Ue 6 deciduous, f. 1. 6 yh? COROLLA: PrTALA 5, obovata, intus nitida, extus ? COROLLA: 5 PETALS, inverfely ovate, gloffy within, venofa, unguibus parvis, fig. 2. : veiny without, claws fmall, fe. 2. | Q J Qr 0 SEMINA fex ad otto, echinata, jg. 7. SEEDS about fix or eight, prickly, fig. 7. Of the genus Ranunculus there are feveral fpecies which have prickly feeds, but no englifh one in which they are fo confpicuoully fo as in the prefent; what a difference in fize and form betwixt thefe and thofe of the " Ranunculus fceleratus, plants evidently of the fame genus! The Ranunculus arvenfis is a plant common to the corn-fields of moft parts of Europe, but grows more abundantly in fome foils than others; it flowers in May and June, and ripens its feeds: in June and July. As thefe readily vegetate where they are fpontaneoutly fcattered, this fpecies adds to the lift of the weeds of our corn-fields, but not of the moft formidable kind. CN eh MA tabla. A Yao s AL Ly Por VATES ales wo» f unmute V: annua RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA. SMALL SPEAR-WoOnrT. RANUNCULUS Lina. Gen. Pl PorvawpRiA PorvGvNiA. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5, intra ungues, poro mellifero. Sem. nuda. | Ran. Sym. Gen. 15. HERBA SEMINE NUDO POLYSPERMA, RANUNCULUS JFzmmula folis ovato-lanceolatis petiolatis caule declinato. Linn. Sy/t. Vegetab. ed. 14. ^ Murr. b. 515. Sp. PL ed. 9. p. 772. Fl. Suec. n. 494. Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. n. 682. Hudf. Angl. ed. 2. p. 240. Procumbent Crow-Foot or Spear-Wort. Lightfoot Scot. V. 1. p. 288. An lus-mor, Ghlais-leun Gau/is. RANUNCULUS folis ovato-oblongis integerrimis, caule procumbente, F/. Lapp. 325. RANUNCULOUS caule declinato folus elliptico-lanceolatis fubferratis. Hall. Hit. 1182. RANUNCULUS longifolius paluftris minor. Bawh. Pin. 180. RANUNCULUS flammeus minor. Ger. 814. jig. 2. the leffer Spear-Wort; alfo, Ranunculus flam- meus ferrat, jig. 9. emac. p. 961. fg. 2, 3. Ram Syn. ed. 3. $. 250. the leffer Spear-Wort. RANUNCULUS paluftris flammeus minor five anguftifohus. Park. Theat. p. 1214. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris fimplicibus, majufculis. 9 ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres fimple, and rather large. CAULES pedales et ultra, fubereéti, flexuofi, parum compreffi, fubangulofi, pubefcentes, purpu- reo-virides, ramofi, Ramz breves, alterni, diva- ricati. STALKS a foot high or more, fomewhat upright, crooked, a little flattened, flightly angular, downy, of a purplifh green colour, branched; Branches fhort, alternate, divaricating., | FOLIA radicalia ovato-lanceolata, utrimque acuta, longe petiolata, petiolo canaliculari com- prefio; caulina remota, oblongo-lanceolata, brevius petiolata, petiolis bafi dilatatis, vagi- nantibus ; fuprema et floralia linearia; om- nia levia, nunc integerrima, nunc plus minus dentata, dentibus obtufis, inzqualibus, callo- fis, fubfufcis. LEAVES next the root ovato-lanceolate, pointed at each end, ftanding on long foot-ftalks, the foot-ftalk hollow on one fide, and flattened, thofe of the ftalk oblong-lanceolate, ftandmg on fhorter foot-ftalks, which are dilated, and fheathing at the bafe; the uppermoft, and thofe next the flowers, linear; all of them. {mooth, fometimes perfectly entire, fome- times more or lefs toothed, teeth obtufe, unequal, callous, and of a brownifh colour. FLOWERS on the top of the ftalk and branches 4 yellow. DYDD Dt QD Coe MOQ D1! G1 1 D011 Di Di D9 D1 C9 FLORES in caulium ramorumque fummitate, flavi. obtufis, villofiufculis, concavis, lutefcentib us, ovate, obtufe, flightly villous, concave, - yel- 9 CALYX: Perranrsium 5-phyllum, foliolis ovatis, j CALYX: a Pzn1ANTHIUM of five leaves, which are deciduis, fig. 1. 6 lowifh and deciduous, jig. 1. 0 COROLLA: PzTALA 5, calyce triplo longiora, rotun- 6 COROLLA: five PETArs, thrice as long as the calyx, dato-fubobcordata, patentia, parum concava, 9 xoundifh| and fomewhat inverfely heart. flava, fuperne fplendentia, ungue breviflimo, à fhaped, fpreading, flightly concave, yellow, Jg. 2. 6 on the upper fide glofly, claw very fhort, ) Jg. 2. Q NECTARIUM: foveola in ungue cujufvis petali. NECTARY : a little cavity in the claw of each petal. STAMINA: Fitamenta plurima, ad 30, Corolla à STAMINA: FILAMENTs numerous, to thirty, much multo breviora; ANTHER & erecte, oblonge, ) Íhorter than the Corolla; ANTHER & upright, didyme, flava. - ^ oblong, double, and yellow. PISTILLUM: Germina numerofa in capitulum col- PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, forming a little -leéta; SrTvrr nuli; Sricmara_ reflexa, ^ head ; STYLES none; SriGMATA bent back, Jf 3: | fig. 3. The Ranunculus Flammula grows plentifully with us in marfhy places, and efpecially in the wet, and more boggy parts of heaths and commons, where it flowers from June to September. ' The latter part of Linn 2us’s defcription of this plant, does not accord with the appearance it ufually affumes with us, caule adfcendente, which is the reverfe of declinato, is indeed more applicable to it, not but the plant fre- quently grows nearly upright, as the old authors have reprefented it, though not fo perfectly upright as the Lingua. Mr. Hupson’s englifh name of procumbent, as it implies a greater approximation to the earth, is ftill more objectionable; nor can much be faid in favour of BAuuiw's name of Jongifolius, which fome have adopted, as it gives an idea of a longer leaf than the planthas. The old Botaniíls called thefe two fpecies of Ranunculus Spear-Worts, from the fhape of their leaves, the great and leffer. Mr. Ray and Mr. Ligurroor adopted thofe names, and we fee no good reafon why they fhould be difcontinued. The The fmall Spear-Wort is one of thofe plants which is fubjeGt to great variation; Dopon aus has obferved, that in Holland, where it grows luxuriantly, it acquires the height of two cubits ; in the cold barren foils of moun- tamous countries it is altogether as diminutive ; in proportion to its ftrength, appears to be the uprightnefs of its growth; on the ftony margins of lakes, Hatter obferved it to be {mall and creeping, with linear leaves; as it receded from fuch fituations, it became taller, and finally affümed its ufual appearance : 1n this fmall and creeping ftate authors have confidered it asa fpecies; as fuch Linnzus has adopted it under the name of rebtans, and Mr. Licutroor figured it on the frontifpiece to the fecond volume of the Flora Scotica; but when the one defcribed, and the other figured it as a fpecies, they expreffed their doubts of its being fuch : ScoroLi alfo is of opinion that the reprans is no other than a variety, arifing from foil and fituation. 1 The leaves are ufually toothed, efpecially the upper ones; fometimes they may be found entire, and fome- times more deeply indented, or ferrated on their edges; the variety in this latter ftate the old authors defcribe, and figure as a fpecies. Inftin& rarely fails in dire€ting graminivorous animals to reje& fuch herbs as would prove injurious to them, hence we feldom find this and the other acrid fpecies of Crow-Foot eaten by cattle, but we know that under certain circumftances they will fometimes err, and become poifoned or difeafed: Gzrarop fays, * this plant is called Banewort by fome, bicaufe it is dangerous and deadly for fheepe, and that if they feede of the fame, it inflameth their livers, fretteth and bliftereth their guts, and entrailes :” Dopon us, from whom GERARD probably borrows this account, reports the fame, and that the plant takes its name in the Netherlands, from its pernicious effets on this harmlefs and ufeful race: HaLLer quotes an author (Le Noble laéi p. 12.) who fays, that the livers of. horfes which had fed on this Ranunculus became rotten, and full of little bladders of water, as well as {mall animals refembling flounders; if the rot in fheep be occafioned by their feeding on any particular plant. and authors be not miftaken in what they fay of this, none appears more likely to occafion 1t than the prefent one. Kine* are faid to feed on it without injury. Acrid as this Ranunculus is, and injurious as it may be to the larger animals, we obferved on theoth of laft July, 1791, {mall black larve feeding on its flower buds and ftamina, in thofe little kind of dells on Barnes-Common, where the water had been dried up, and where grew Ca/Irricbe, Peplis, Gc. we fufpeét they were the larve of fome coleopterous infect ; and on the under fide of a leaf of another plant of the fame fpecies, we difcovered a clufter of eggs, fixty-four in number, depofited moft probably by fome fpecies of moth; the leaves of this and of every other fpecies of Ranunculus growing wild, or in our gardens, are yearly disfigured, and in fome feafons deflroyed by a very minute intercutaneous larva or maggot, producing a {mall fly, which we have named Mu/ca ranunculi, and of whofe hiftory it is our intention to give an account elfewhere; we have repre- fented one of the leaves on the plant as it appears marked by this infect. Mr. Licurroor informs us, that the Ranunculus Flammula is uled in many parts of the highlands to raife blifters ; for this purpofe, in the ifland of Jura, and other parts on the coaft, the leaves are well bruifed in a mortar, and applied in one or more limpet fhells to the parts where the blifters are to be raifed. * Boves autem licet magnam comedunt hujus copiam ab hac affici non obfervavi. Brugm. Ava Kod Ol WEEVIL LI "A » lec J vum * Sanfom Zdwards del * GALEOPSIS VERSICOLOR. PARTICOLOURED GALEOPSIS. GALEOPSIS | Linz. Gen, P, DipyNAMIA OUMNOSPERSM PA Cor. labium fuperius fubcrenatum, fornicatum ; inferius trifidum ; faux utrinque dente.obtufiufculo, concavo, acuto. Lina. Syff. Nar. ; mr ed. Gmel. Rait Sym. Gen. 14. SUFFRUTICES ET HERB# VERTICILLAT Z. GALEOPSIS verfcolor foliis ovatis acutis ferratis, tubo floris calyce multo longiore, GALEOPSIS Tetrahit. Linn. Sp. Pf. ed. 3. var. 8 GALEOPSIS foliis ovato-lanceolatis, ferratis, caule hirfuto flore calycis quadruplo. Ha//, Hi. 269. LAMIUM cannabinum aculeatum flore fpeciofo luteo labiis purpureis. Pluk. Alm. 204. Un di. fcd. CANNABIS fpuria flore pallido labro purpureo elegante. Merr. Pin. LAMIUM cannabino folio, flore amplo luteo, labio purpureo. Rai Syn. ed. 3. p. 241. Fair-Flowered Nettle Hemp, or rather Hemp-Leaved Dead-Nettle with a particoloured flower. RADIX annua. a CAULIS fefquipedalis et ultra, erectus, ramofiffimus, i obtufe tetragonus, hirfutus, ad genicula in- craffatus. RAMI alterne oppofiti. FOLIA caulina ovata, acuta, ramorum ovato-lanceolata, oppofita, petiolata, fubacuminata, venofa, fuperne pilis mollibus hirfutula, inferne nudi- . ufcula, nervo medio venifque exceptis, ferrata, dentibus verfus bafin fenfim minoribus. PETIOLI hirfuti. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, verficolores, feffiles, verti- cillati, verticillis multifloris, fummis fubcon- tiguis. : PERIANTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, nervofum, hirfutum, quinquedentatum, den- tibus longitudine calycis, fubzequalibus, arif- tatis, pungentibus, ore ciliato, ciliis demum intus convergentibus, tubus feminibus matu- refcentibus, ventricofus evadit, fg. 1. COROLLA flava, calyce triplo fere longior, pilis ~~ mollibus villofus, tubus cylindraceus, fuperne ampliatus, labium fuperius concavum, ex- terne pilis longis hirfutum, denticulatum, a tubo fulco tranfverfali divifum, labium infe- rus trifidum, lobis lateralibus ex inferiore parte albidis, intermedio emarginato pur- pureo, albo marginato, ad bafin faturate flavo venis rubris pulchre reticulato hic utrinque exferuntur cornicula duo obtuía, fig. 2. CALYX STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quatuor, alba, quorum duo breviora; ANTHER.£ didymz, primo rotun- date, demum acute, ciliate, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina quatuor; Sry tus fubulatus; STIGMA bifidum, jig. 4. SEMINA quatuor, in fundo calycis, obtufe trigona, apice rotundata, nigricantia, jig. 5. ROOT annual. : STALK a foot and a half high or more, upright, very much branched, obtulely four-cornered, co- vered with ftrong rough hairs, thickened at the joints. BRANCHES alternately oppofite. LEAVES: of the flalk ovate and pointed, of the branches ovato-lanceolate, flanding on foot- ftalks, fomewhat long-pointed, veiny, above oo phe, {lightly hirfute from being covered d foft hairs, beneath almoft fmooth excepting the midrib and veins, ferrated; teeth towards the bafe gradually fmalleft. LEAF-STALKS hirfute. FLOWERS large, fhewy, particoloured, feffile, grow- ing in whorls, whorls many-flowered, the uppermoft nearly contiguous. a PERIANTHIUM Of one leaf, tubular, ribbed, hirfute, five-toothed, teeth the length of the calyx, nearly equal, ending in pungent awns, the mouth bearded, the hairs of which finally converge inwardly to a- point, the tube as the feeds ripen bellies out,. fg. 1. COROLLA yellow, nearly thrice the length of the calyx, covered with foft hairs; the tube cy- lindrical, enlarged above, the upper lip con- cave, befet on the outfide with long. hairs, toothed on the edge, divided from the tube by a tranfverfe groove, the lower lip divided into three fegments, the fide lobes on the lower part nearly white, the middle lobe purple edged with white, its bafe of a deep yellow colour beautifully marked with red veins in the form of net-work ; here rife two {mall blunt horns, one on each fide, fir. 2. STAMINA: four FiLAMENTS of a white colour, two long, two fhort; AnrHer# double, firft nearly round, finally pointed and edged witl hairs, fig. 3. | PISTILLUM: Germina four; SrYLE tapering; STIGMA bifid, fg. 4. § SEEDS four in the bottom of the calyx, bluntly three- A cornered, roundifh at top, and nearly black, JS: 5- CALYX: OL OLS SONS OOS Ss. Ox XO OX CX» POLO LOLOL OOS OLS OL OOOO OOO OOS KOC "There undoubtedly is in moft. points a great affinity betwixt this plant and the Ga/eopfes Terrahiz ; but as the characters in which they differ are as conitant as they are firikin g, we have thought it entitled to the rank of a fpecies, more efpecially as many of the old writers have been of the fame opinion, and feveral of the moderns. In its habit it is fhorter and more bufhy than the Ze/rabzz, its leaves are broader, and its flowers differ not only in colour but in fize; there are many parts of the country alfo in which the one is found abundantly, th : : i 4 other not at all; and laftly, it comes up from feeds every year invariably the fame. The beauty of its flowers is fufficient to entitle it to a place in the Flower-Garden ; its flowering period is not of very long duration: in corn-fields, where 1t 1s often found too abundantly, like the Yerradit it 1s à very troublefome weed, the rough hairs with which the plant is covered proving highly injurious to the hands and arms of the reapers. In many parts of Yorkfhire we have feen this plant growing very plentifully among the corn; the fields about London are exempt from it. It flowers in July and ripens its feeds in Auguft; as thefe are produced in abundance and vegetate freely, fuch as wifh to have the plant in their poffeffion may fucceed in its culture without any difficulty, : abor wi tel ! em ee x vod ME ¥ I 3 3t EP AI LAC * i. i : a d 1 MrLiTTIS MELISSOPHYLLUM. BASTARD-BALM. MELITTIS. Linn. Gen. Ph DipYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Calyx tubo corolle amplior. Corol/¢ labium fuperius planum ; labium inferius crenatum. Anthere cruciate. | Ram Syn. Gen. 24. SurrRUTICES ET HERBA VERTICILLAT A, MELITTIS Melfophyllum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. 5.832. Syfl. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 544- Scop. Carn.ed.9. p. 421. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 264. Common Baftard- Balm. Yacg. FJ. Auflr. v. 1. p. 18. tab. 26. MELISSOPHYLLUM. Hall. Hjf. n. 944. LAMIUM montanum Meliffe folio. Baub. Pin. 5. 231. | MELISSA Fuchfi. Hort. Eyf. vern. Ord. 6. fol. 7. f..3. flore albo et flore purpureo. Baflard Baume with white and with purple flowers. Ger. emac. p. 690. f: 3. 9. Baulm-leav’d, Archangel, Baftard-Baulm. Rai Syn. ed. 3. p. 242. MELISSOPHYLLUM Fuchfii. Unpleafant Baulme. Park. Th. 5. 41. f. 4. LAMIUM pannonicum verficolore flore. | C/zf.. rar. pl. p. xxxvij. . RADIX perennis, fibrofa. 0 ROOT perennial, fibrous. CAULES fefquipedales et ultra, ere€ti, tetragoni, hir- 9 STALKS a foot and a half high, or more, upright, futi, ad bafin ramis paucis inftrudti. fquare, ftrongly haird, furnifhed at the bafe ; with a few branches. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, fubacuta, inequa- § LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on footftalks, ovate, . liter et obtufiufcule ferrata, villofiufcula, ru- ° fomewhat pointed, unevenly and bluntl gofa, petioli canaliculati, hirfuti, bafi. con- 9 ferrated, flightly villous, wrinkled, footftalks nati. ; Q concave above, hirfute, united at the bafe. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, odorati, pedunculati, ver- 9 FLOWERS large, fhewy, odoriferous, flanding on ticillati, fubfecundi, verticillis dimidiatis, fub- footftalks, growing chiefly to one fide, in half fexfloris. ; | whorls about fix flowers together. PEDUNCULI teretes, hirfütuli, longitudine petio- 6 FLOWER-STALKS round, fomewhat hairy, the lorum. length of the leaf-ftalks. CALYX: Pertanrurum monophyllum, inflato-ven- 9 CALYX: a Pertantuium of one leaf, fomewhat tricofum, bilabiatum, venofum, glabrum, inflated and bellying out, two-lip’d, veiny, venis hirfutulis, divifuris labiorum. perquam fmooth, except the veins which are fome- inconftantibus, jig. 1. ; what-hairy, the divifions of the lips altoge- | ther inconftant, fg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens; villofula, alba; Tubvs 0 COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, {lightly villous, calyce longior, multoque anguftior, Laézum white; 7z4e longer than the calyx and much fuperius erectum, fubrotundum, integrum, narrower, upper lip ere&t, roundifh, entire, inferius trifidum, laciniis obtufis, intermedia lower lip trifid, fegments obtufe, the middle majori, fubrotundo,; purpureo, margine cre- one largeft, purple, the margin finely nulato, albo, jig. 2. notched, and white, fgg. 2. ' STAMINA: Firamenta 4; alba, villofa, corolla 6 STAMINA: four FiLAMENTS, white, villous, fhorter breviora; ANTHER4& flavelcentes, fg. 3. than the corolla; AN THERE yellowifh, £z. 9. PISTILLUM: GzRMEN obtufum, quadrifidum, villo- 9 PISTILLUM : GERMEN obtufe, quadrifid, villous ; fum; Srvrus filiformis, longitudine {fta- STYLE filiform, the length of the flamina ; minum; STIGMA, bifidum, acutum, jg. 4. SrT1GMA bifid and pointed, fig. 4. SEMINA 4 in fundo calycis, nigricantia, jig. 5. CC DDYDPQDIDPANAIDAOM"VDADAADOARMNDNOIMNODIOIMNOI'O colour, jig. 5. The Meliitis Melifophyllum, a plant common to many parts of Europe, has hitherto been difcovered in the more weftern parts of this kingdom only, particularly Pembrokefhire, Devonfhire, and Hampfhire, in fome of which counties it grows in great abundance ;, Dr. Wave.t has obferved it in various places about Barnflaple : in his company, I gathered it at the foot of a hedge by the road fide near the hofpitable manfion of CuicussTER, Efq. of Hall, about two miles from that town. It is moft commonly found in woods, - or fituations fomewhat fhady. M It was not probable that a plant of fuch fingular beauty fhould be fuffered to bloffom in its native woods, unfeen; accordingly, we now find it in moft of our nurferies, and gardens of the curious, yet not fo generally as it merits. Moft authors defcribe the MeZz as having an unpleafant fmell; the frefh herb when bruifed partakes of the agreeable {cent of Balm, and the difagreeable fmell of ftinking Horehound ; dried, it lofes the unpleafant part, and becomes delightfully fragrant ; the flowers when they firft open have appeared to us to be fweetly odoriferous, we fay appeared to us, becaufe as they are not delcribed as fuch, others may not have found them fo, for we have obferved an unaccountable variation in the perceptibility of fmells in different erfons, we know feveral who can difcover no fcent in the flowers of the Perfian Iris; the general acutenefs of whofe olfaétories cannot be called in queflion. a CLusius obferved this plant in its wild ftate with white flowers; he mentions alfoa variety of it in all refpe&ts fmaller; whether this be a variety differing as we have obferved the Me//fJa grandiflora to do, or whether it be a fpecies, we muft leave to the determination of others: in the Apothecaries garden at Chelfea, we have fcen a Melittis anfwering to Ciusius’s defcription, the flowers of which were not more than half the fize of the Devonfhire one, of a pale red colour, correfponding more with JacQuiN's figure, the bloffoms of which are not fo large as thofe of our plant. ) From a gland which encircles the bafe ofthe germen there is much honey fecreted ; hence the plant accords with its name MeZt/r, hence it becomes the refort of bees. The cruciform appearance of the Anthere ought not to form any part of the generic character, being, as Profeffor Jacquin has obferved, common to many of the didynamous plants. | There is no difficulty attends the cultivation of this charming hardy perennial ; planted in almoft any foil, provided it be moderately moift and fomewhat fhady, it will flourifh; it increafes by roots and feeds, and may be readily propagated by parting the one or fowing the other in autumn, | SEEDS four, in the bottom of the calyx, of a blackifh NEM "' E. " a , = L ihe of e Tape o 7. d —— -—— —— —— "m 1. "e E uU ex a. u I | A | | MELISSA NrePETA. FriELD CALAMINT. MELISSA. Linn. Gen. PL Dipynam1a GYMNOSPERMIA. Calyx aridus, fupra planiufculus: labio fuperiore fubfaftigiato. Corolle labium fuperius fubfornicatum, bifidum, lab. inf. lobo medio cordato. | Rai Sym. Gen. 14. SurrRuTICES ET HERB/E VERTICILLAT.E. MELISSA Nepetz pedunculis axillaribus: dichotomis folio longioribus, caule adfcendente hirfuto, : Linn. Syff. Veg. p. 542. Spec. Pl. p. 828. MELISSA folis hirfutis ovatis acuminatis, leniter ferratis, petiolis ramofis, folia fuperantibus. Ha//, Hifl. n. 240. CALAMINTHA Pulegii odore / Nepeta. Baub. Pin. 228. CALAMINTHA odore Pulegi. Gerard. emac. 687. CALAMINTHA altera odore Pulegii, folus maculofis. Parkinf: 36. Rai Syn. p. 249. Field Calamint. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 264. A = ROOT perennial, fomewhat oblique, crooked, round, ~ woody, brown. STALK woody, divided juft above the bafe into branches, which are from one to two feet in length, afcending, faintly quadrangular, red- difh towards the bafe, befet with foft, hori- zontal hairs. LEAVES oppofite, rather remote, fitting on fhort footitalks, fcarcely an inch long, {preading, {lightly keel'd, reflexed at the point, of a broad ovate, almoft heart-fhaped figure, blunt- ith, ferrated, the margin rolled back, and {lightly waved, wrinkled, foft, villous on both fides, of a pale green colour. FLOWERS placed in whorls, pale blue, before they expand yellowifh, poffeffing like the whole plant a pleafant aromatic fmell. WHORLS growing in halves, longer than the leaves, RADIX perennis, fubobliqua, teres, flexuofa, lignofa, fufca. | CAULIS lignofus, mox fupra bafin divifus in ramos elongatos, pedales ad bipedales, afcendentes, a s tetragonos, inferne rufefcentes, pilis mollibus, horizontalibus obfitos. FOLIA oppofita, remotiufcula, breve petiolata, vix pollicaria, patentiffima, | fubcarinata, apice reflexa, late ovata, fere cordata, obtufiufcula, ferrata, margine revoluta, fubundulata, veno- fo-rugofa, mollia, utrinque villofa, pallide viridia. FLORES verticillati, pallide ccerulei, ante explica- tonem flavefcentes, odoris uti tota planta aromatici. VERTICILLI dimidiati, foliis altiores, pauciflori. g g | few-flowered. BRACTEA/E few, {mall, awl-fhaped. COMMON PEDUNCLES two out of the ale of the leaves, branched, bearing four or fix flowers. | Partial Peduncles unequal, upright: CALYX: a monophyllous Perranruium, tubular, permanent, {lightly hairy, with fifteen ftrie, and five teeth, which are acuminated, on both edges hairy, the two inferior ones longer and narrower. ‘Che ftriz and teeth of a brown purplifh colour, jg. 1. COROLLA monopetalous, gaping, longer than the ca- | lyx, flightly hairy. The Tuse cylindrical, whitifh. Mouth of the tube bearded. The Upper Lip fhorter, almoft upright, deeply emarginated, nearly obcordate, at the back | folded. The Unpnrr Lip trifid, waved, the middle fegment larger than the others. STAMINA: four round whitifh Frnamenrts fhorter than the corolla, two of them fhorter than the reft. ANrHer«_ bilocular, violet-co- loured. PoLLen white, fg. 9. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifid, at the bafe fur- | rounded with a nectariferous, orange-coloured GLANDULE. STYLE thread-fhaped, purplifh, the length of the corolla, turned in along with the ftamina, under the upper lip ofthe corolla. Sricma flender, bifid, reflexed, BRACTE pauce, parve, fubulate. PEDUNCULI communes duo, axillares, dichotomo- ramofi, 4-6 flori. Pedrcelli inzequales, ere€ti. CALYX: Perrantuium monophyllum, tubulatum, perfiftens, quindecimftriatum, pilofiufculum, quinquedentatum, dentibus acuminatis, utrin- que hirfutis, inferioribus duobus longioribus, anguílioribus. Striz dentefque fufco-purpu- raícentes, jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, ringens, calyce longior, pi- lofiufcula. Tusus cylindraceus, albidus. Faux dehifcens, barbata. Lasium fuperius brevius, erectiufculum, profunde emarginatum, fubcordatum, dorfo plicatum : inferms trifi- dum, undulatum, lacinia media majori, fig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA quatuor, teretia, albida, co- rolia breviora, duo breviora. ANTHERA biloculares, violacee. PorLsNw album, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen quadrifidum, bafi glandula | . ne&tarifera fulvente cinctum. Srvrvs fili- formis, purpurafcens, corolle longitudine, cum [taminibus fub labio fuperiore corolla inclinatus. Stigma tenue, bifidum, reflexum, SES: 4- PERICARPIUM nullum. Calyx SUCUS in finu femina. fovens. SEMINA. quatuor, ovata. CO GOOD CCCo OC e De OW QNO Geo oO WOO OO ON O «OK DO eO Oe CoD Cox jig. 4. PERICARPIUM none, The calyx unaltered contains the feeds. SEEDS: four, ovate. DOr This fpecies of Melifla affe&s dry, chalky foils, and is frequent in many parts of Kent by road fides, and in uncultivated places; we find it in tolerable abundance in the old fand-pits at the back of Charlton church, where it flowers in July, Auguft, and September. | Students are apt to miftake it for the Me//f/z Calamintha, from which, it differs eflentially in many refpeéts, which we fhall particularize when that plant comes to be figured. It is worthy of notice on account of its fragrance ; it is moreover a medicinal plant. The whole herb has a ftrong aromatic fmell, approaching to that of Pennyreyal, anda moderately pungent tafte, fomewhat like that of Spearmint, but warmer; in virtue it appears to be nearly fimilar to a mixture of thefe herbs; infufions of the leaves are drank .as tea in weaknefles of the flomach, flatulent cholics, and uterine obítruCüons. Lewis Mat. Med. ed. Aik. p. 172. " Wh - i sr i» - perd e uA Bit à LU Prey ye ene TOM per as 1 E Nu TAa EH NI 460 ES ay f A + - ja ? ) , Sap en » s. £t Ll Opto RE AERA Nit IS PME Go EHE TA Lis "HE eI AI0UStt 5 i LEST AY *! j«dbstpmim. ds P dolis Yeu du ANE + ECR VERRE - Á/ 4^. * e AD fut ire Y MR Y MN vali Sages LU f 3s do. Das: PvE T. rob b lee s Y. 1 ANTIRRHINUM LiNARIA — "The Variety of ToAD-Frax var. Peloria. called Peloria. — The earheft account that we find of the Pera is in the firft volume of the mentes Academics of LINN &us, publithed in 1749; it there forms a diftin& thefis or differtation, written bv Daurgu RupBer C, who enters minutely into the hiftory of the plant, defcribes it fully, and illuftrates it by an engraving. The plant appears to have been firft difcovered in the year 1742, growing in a province of Sweden, about feven miles from Upfal, by a botanical ftudent of the name of Zrozerc, who gathered a fpecimen of it, and placed it in his herbarium, as a plant he had not before feen, ignorant at the fame time of its nature and ceconomy, and of the value of his difcovery: in the fame year Profeffor Cexsius, no lefs celebrated for his knowledge of plants than of languages, happening to look over Mr. Zioserc’s collection, was immediately ftruck with the extraordinary appearances of this novelty ; but the ftate it was in, being dry and ftuck on paper, prevented him at that time from examining it to the extent he wifhed. -In a fhort time the Profeffor had an opportunity of fhewing it to LiNN &us, who after looking at it with great attention, proclaimed it to be a fpecimen of Antirrbinum Linaria, with the flowers, as he {ufpeéted, of fome exotic, fluck on it, inflead of its -own; fuch deceptions are well known to be fometimes praétifed, but on opening one of the flowers, he was convinced that his fufpicions were unfounded: he now became impatient to pollefs the living plant, roots of which, at his requeft, were fent him by Mr. Ziosznc, and planted in the botanic garden at Upfal, but did not fucceed ; thefe would have been replaced in 1743, but the plants where they originally grew had been obliterated by cattle: the fame injury befel them in 1744, fo that it 1s probable Linn aus did not enjoy the pleafure he fo ardently wifhed for, of feeing it bloffom; and there is reafon to conclude, that both the deleription and figure in the Amen. Acad. were taken from ZionEnG's dried fpecimen, which will in fome degree apologife for the inaccuracy of both; that of the former we fhall have occafion to mention in the fequel of this account. Since the above differtation was publifhed, the Pe/oria has been found wild in various parts of Germany, and alfo in this our ifland. Mr. Hu»psow, in the firft edition of his Flora Anglica, mentions it as growing near Clapham, Surrey; but as no botanift has obferved it there fince that publication, and as in the fecond edition of the faid work the fact is no longer noticed, we may reafonably conclude that Mr. Hupson was miftaken. In the year 1792, Mr. ORpoyno, Nurferyman at Newark-upon-Trent, moft obligingly fent me fome roots of this plant, found growing wild by Mr. Leicuron, of Brocklefby, near Brigg in Lincolnfhire, in fome woods belonging to Mr. Petuam; thefe were planted in a pot, and flowered with me iparingly in 1793: this fummer, 1794, 1n the beginning of Auguft, they produced a great number of flowering ftems, and flowers in abundance, every one of which was true to its character; but though the parts of fruGtification were perfect, no feed-veffels were formed; its failure in this refpe& I attribute to my keeping the plant in too fheltered a fituation, as a plant from the fame root growing in a pot at Mr. Vere’s, Brompton Park-Houfe, Kenfington-Gore, under the management of his gardener WitL1AM ANDERSON, produced two perfect feed-veffels, containing many to all appearance well-conditioned feeds: we may obferve that the flowers of the Lzazia itfelf are rarely fertile, unlels the plant be expofed to an open funny afpeét. When the Pe/ora was firft publifhed in the Amenit. Acad. Linn &vs regarded it as a new genus, the characters of which are there defcribed, he was inclined to think that it might be a hybrid plant, generated betwixt the Linarra, and fome other unknown vegetable; the fexuality of his fyftem often led the great LiNN vus to indulge in’ whims of this fort, in the Sp. P/ ed. 3. we find him to have relinquifhed the opinion of its being a diftin& genus *, but fill adhering to his favourite idea of hybridity, now, as far as relates to this plant, very generally exploded. Prof. Murray has obferved, that the flowers of the genus Aztrrhinum are peculiarly fubje& to monftrofity; we ourfelves have frequently feen the flowers of the common Toad-Flax with two or three fpurs, and thofe of the majus having a tendency to a Peloria-like appearance, but never to affume the regularity which conftitutes the beauty and extreme fingularity of that plant; there is, however, no appearance in the firu&ure of the flowers of the Pe/orza but what may be traced to thofe of the Lzzarza, of which they certainly are a moft wonderful modification, and hence there does not appear to be the leaft neceflity for having: recourfe to any preternatural fexual intercourfe to explain this extraordinary phenomenon. The monftrofity in the Pe/oria appears to be confined wholly to the Corolla with its attendant Stamina, which is hereby rendered a fpecies of Flos multiplicatus, there is nothing in the other parts of the plant to diftinguifh it from the common Toad-Flax; that the difference in the flowers of the two plants might be more obvioufly feen, we have had a flower of the Lzzarzz engraved on the fame plate, fg. 7. this in Pe/oria is lo metamorphofed as fcarcely to retain one original feature; the calyx, fig. 1. varies but little, not at all in the number of its divifions ; the Corolla from being irregular becomes regular, below it is dilated, above contracted, Ío as to form a tubular kind of neck, terminating in a prominent circular rim, which rolls back and is divided into five regular fhort fomewhat obtufe fegments, fg. 2. the mouth is internally villous, and puckered up fo as to become impervious ; inflead of one depending fpur-like Ne&ary, there are five, fpringing from the bafe of the Corolla, fg. 3. and fpreading out almoft horizontally; the Stamina are increafed from four to five, fig. 4. thefe molt afluredly are attached to the Corolla, notwithftanding Linn £us’s affertion that they are nu/lo modo corolle affixa, tor on pulling off the Corolla, which eafily feparates from the receptacle in the living plant, they come away with it; no very material alteration takes place in the form of the Filaments, or Anthera, fig. 5. nor does the Piftillum appear to partake of the monftrofity, fg. 6. hence there is no phyfical caule for that flerility, which moft of the authors who have mentioned this plant attribute to it. We regret extremely that we cannot as yet give a fatisfagtory anfwer to the Linnean Quere in the Amen, Acad. an ex Peloriee feminibus Linaria unguam enafcatur ; we think it highly probable that the feeds of the Peloria will produce planis both of common Toad-Flax and Peloria, perhaps fome bearing flowers common to both, fuch as HaLrzm relates to have been obferved by Fasricius; but this important tact remains to be afcertained by a&ual experiments: with fuch we are now engaged, and fhall not fal taking the earlieft opportunity of laying the refult of them before our readers, when we treat of the Antrrhinum majus. The Peloria, like the Linaria, increafes greatly by its roots, like that plant it fucceeds beft in a dry foil and expofed fituation, and no plant thrives better in a pot. Linn£us derives the name of this lufus from the greek word ue which fignifies any thing monflrous ; hence APoLLoxius Ruoprus calls a monftrous birth sz rexG. * Linaria proles hybrida—genus proprium conftitueret nifi fru&us femper abortiret—raturz prodigium, Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. 3. eI as AOE he 2. d Lt v. Vatt. Mona | " nmt Fane.) (ws RS SL AN ^ AM LCD »1 tv, VG erg À nh eM ‘ , dit ie bf) PST tee AV | WA ; " | Hh « VA rd AA s ^ my TEE 2 Ift ian j hh a ide aie. AL Z7 Pp sig M n TP P i 7 4 OS SR a T |icenoviiés yale A x PIRES Cn tiara ol tay keen nie te yin ia eu ; iy EU Db, dioe DN IsERIS NUDICAULIS. NAKED-STALKED Canpy-Turt, | or Rock-CREss. | IBERIS Linn. Gen. PA TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. Cor. irregularis, petalis 2 exterioribus majoribus, $77cw/a polyfpermà,; emarginata. Ran Syn. Gen. 291. HERBH TETRAPETAL& SILIQUOS& ET SILICULOSJE. IBERIS zudrcaulis herbacea, foliis finuatis, caule nudo fimplici, Linn. Syff. Vegetab. p. 589. Sp. PL | 2.907. Fl. Suec. n. 581. Lightfoot Scot. p. 346. — Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 285. IBERIS foliis pinnatis, pinnis ovatis acutis. Ha//. Hit. n. 521. NASTURTIUM minimum vernum foliis tantum circa radicem. Magnol. Bot. Monfp. 5. 187. cum fig. BURSA PASTORIS minor foliis incifis et 7247... Baub. p. 108. f | NASTURTIUM petreum foliis Burfe Paftoris. Bauh. p. 104. : BURSA PASTORIS minor. Ger. emac. 251. Parkinf. 806. Rar Syn. p. 303. The leffer Shepherd’s Purfe, or Rock-Creffe.. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. ROOT annual, fibrous, whitifh. CAULES vix, palmares ; juniores decumbentes, adul- 9 STALKS fcarcely a hand's breadth in height, the young: tiores ad{cendentes, demum erecti; plerum- ones decumbent, rifing as they grow older que aphylli, interdum tamen folis aliquot 6 finally upright, generally naked, but fome- vefüti, fimplices, teretes, glabri. times furnifhed with one or more leaves; fimple, round, and fmooth. FOLIA radicalia petiolata, plerumque proftrata, in 0 LEAVES next the root, ftanding on footftalks, gene: orbem pofita, paulo ultra uncialia, levia, 0 rally fpread circularly on the ground, fome finuato-pinnatifida, obtufa; lobis in quibuf- Q what more than an inch in length, fmooth; dam oppofitis, in alus alternis, terminali finuated and pinnatifid, obtufe, the lobes in maximo, rotundato, caulina ubi adfunt feffilia, fome oppofite, in others alternate, the termi? inferiora quinquefida aut trifida, fuperiora nal one very large and rounded, thofe of thé fimplicia, lanceolata. ftalk (if any) feflile, the lowermoft ones d vided into five or three fegments, the upper ones fimple and lanceolate. FLOWERS growing in racemi, fmall, white, andy without {cent. L FLORES racemofi, parvi, albi, inodori. PEDUNCULI femunciales, patentiffimi. FLOWER-STALKS half an inch long, fpreading | wide. CALYX: a Perrantuium of four leaves, broad lan ceolate, concave, equal, reddifh, and deci Q é é Q Q Q Q CALYX: PzgiANTHIUM tetraphyllum; foliolis du. lanceolatis, concavis, aequalibus, rufefcentibus, 0 deciduis, jig. 1. Q duous, jg. 1. : 4 COROLLA tetrapetala, inzqualis, calyce major; Pz- ; COROLLA compofed of four petals, unequal, largem TALA Obovata, duo exteriora majora, paten- ¢ than the calyx; PrTALs obovate, the twoE tia, duo interiora minora, inflexa, jig. 2. " outer ones largeft, fpreading, the two inne Q ones leaft, bent in, jg. 2. | © STAMINA: fix FILAMENTS, tapering, upright, whitey i the two fide ones fhorteft; Ax THERE roum | Q Q Q STAMINA: FitamMenTA fex, fubulata, ereCta, alba, € quorum duo lateralia breviora; AN THERE fubrotunde, flavae, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, compreffum ; " Sryxus fimplex, brevis; STr16 MA obtufum. PERICARPIUM: Siri:curA ereéta, fuborbiculata, emarginata, comprefla, parum concava, mar- gine acuto cinéta, bilocularis, fg. 5. diflepi- mento lanceolato; valvulis navicularibus, comprelfis, carinatis, fig. 6. ifh, yellow, fig. 3. 1 PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, flattened; Sr vi fimple, fhort; Sticma obtufe. | SEED-VESSEL: an upright Pop, fomewhat orbit lar, emarginate, flattened, a little conca furrounded with a fharp margin, compol of two cavities, fig. 5. the partition lancé late, the valves boat-fhaped, flattened, keeled} SS. 7- This diminutive plant occurs fparingly in the neigbourhood of London, and principally to the weftwart it; we have found it on Hounflow-Heath, Putney, and Barnes-Common, more frequently indeed on the | and generally on the edges of gravel-pits, where the foil has been dry and barren, and where ufually gi Gnapbalium montanum, Aira flexuofa, and Ornithopus perpufillus. Its flowers, which come forth in May and June, are very minute, but when magnified fufficiently difting the leading trait in its generic character; they are fucceeded in July by feed-veflels rather large in propot to the plant. . | The ftalk is not always deftitute of leaves; the more luxuriant the plant, the more it is difpofed to prot them: Macwnot obferves, that they are fometimes found entire on the edges. utt cut o za E m 4 ry eia Mets THLASPI ARVENSE. PENNY-CRESS. THLASPI Lin. Gen. Pl. TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA. Silicula emarginata, obcordata, polyfperma, valvulis navicularibus, mar- ginato-carinatis. Rad Syn. Gen. 21. Herpa& TETRAPETALA SILIQUOS ET SILICULOS &. THLASPI arven/e filiculis orbiculatis, foliis oblongis dentatis glabris. Lin. Sy/t. Veget. ed. 14. f. 587. Spec. Pl. goi. Fl. Suec. 574. NASTURTIUM filiquis orbiculatis, planis, foliis oblongis, dentatis, glabris. Hall. Hf. 511. THLASPI arvenfe. Scop. Fl. Carn. n. 810. THLASPI arvenfe filiquis latis. Bauh. f. 105. THLASPI Diofcoridis. Ger. emac. 262. Drabe folio. Park. 836. Raw Syn. 305. Treacle-Mutftard. Penny-Crefs. Hud/. Fl. Angl. 281. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 340. RADIX annua, fufiformis, fubramofa, lignofa, al- B ROOT annual, tapering, fomewhat branched, woody, bida. 6 and whitifh. CAULIS pedalis et ultra, ere&tus, multangulus, tere- ¢ STALK a foot or more in height, upright, multangu- tufculus, fuperne ramofus, ramis paucis, 4 lar, roundifh, above branched, the branches caule brevioribus, erectis, fubarcuatis. à few, fhorter than the ftalk, upright, bending à a little inwards. FOLIA alterna, oblonga, obtufiufcula, remote den- ¢ LEAVES alternate, oblong, a little blunt, diflantly tata, dentibus apice albidis, bafi fagittata, : toothed, the teeth whitifh at the tip; arrow- fupra viridia, fubtus glaucefcentia. fhaped at the bafe, above green, beneath fomewhat glaucous. FLORES racemofi, parvi. 6 FLOWERS fmall, growing in racemi. PEDUNCULI alterni, fere horizontales, uniflori. 9 FLOWER-STALKS alternate, nearly horizontal, one-flower'd. CALYX: PeriantrHium tetraphyllum ; foliolis $ CALYX: a PERIANTHIUM of four leaves, the leaves ovatis, concavis, acutiufculis, margine alba, 4 ovate, concave, fomewhat pointed, the edge membranacea, jg. 1. $ white, and membranous, jig. 1. COROLLA: PzrALA 4, calyce duplo longiora, re- 9 COROLLA: 4 PrrArs, twice the length of the ca- tufa, alba, jig. 2. au&t. fiz. 3. lyx, very flightly notched at the end, and hi white, fg. 2. magnified, jig. 2. STAMINA: Fitamenra fex, fubulata, albida, duo STAMINA: Six FILAMENTS, tapering, whitifh, two OOD breviora, ANTHER flave, minute, fig. 4. à) fhorter than the reft; Au Tun x yellow and auct. jig. 6. $ minute ; fig. 4. magn. jig. 6. PISTILLUM : GERMEN rotundatum ; Styuus bre- i PISTILLUM : Gerrmen rounded; STYLE very viffimus; Sricma obtufum, jig. 5. auct. fig. 7. 9 fhort; Sticma obtufe, jig. 5. magn. fig. 7. PERICARPIUM : SiLicuLA pedunculi ionge ? SEED-VESSEL: a SinicuLE the length of the latiffima, orbicularis, profunde emarginata, flower-ftalk, very broad, orbicular, deeply medio utrinque convexiufcula, ad latera 5 notched, a little convex in the middle on alata, compreffa, bilocularis, jig. 8, 10. each fide; the fides winged and flat, bilo- cular, fig. 8, 10. SEMINA utrinque 4 ad 9, fub-compreffa, fuborbicu- ¢ SEEDS in each cell from 4 to 9, fomewhat flattened, oD Oo? laria, parallele lineata, glabra, rufa, fig. 12. 1 and orbicular, marked with parallel lines, 6 fmooth, of a reddifh brown colour, jig. 12. DISSEPIMENTUM lanceolatum, acutum, jg. 11. 2 PARTITION lanceolate, pointed, jig. 11. VALVUL naviculares, jg. 9. à VALVES boat-fhaped, jg. 9. The Thla/pi arvenfée is fcarcely entitled to a place in the Flora Londinenfs, as we have only feen a few acci- dental plants of it growing near the Spaniards, Hampftead- Heath. | Ray informs us, that it is found in the fields about Worming ford in Effex plentifully, as alfo at St. O/th in Tendring Hundred, at Stone in Staffordfhire, and Saxmundham in Suffolk; to thefe habitats we may add, on the authority of Dr. GoopnzNoucn, Broughton Pogges in Oxfordfhire, in the corn fields near which it is found in abundance. It flowers the beginning of Zune, and the feeds are ripe by the end of the month; hence they are not liable to mix and be ground with our corn, to the flower of which they might communicate the tafte of garlic, which the plant is faid to give to the milk of fuch cattle as feed on it. . Itis obvioufly diftinguifhed, as Ray has obferved, from all our plants of the fame genus, by its fmoothnefs, and large flat round pods, whence it has very properly been called Penny-cre/s : HArrER judicioufly obferves, that the true feed-veffel is in the centre, and that 1t owes its extraordinary breadth to winged appendages, which Tournerort has admirably well exprefled. The feeds are faid to produce twice as much oil as linfeed. This fpecies and the Thla/pc Camfeftre are ufed indifcriminately in medicine; the feeds, more efpecially thofe of the prefent plant, have an acrid biting tafte, approaching to that of the common muftard, with which they agree nearly in their pharmaceutical properties, their pungent matter being totally extracted by water, only partially by re&ified fpirit, and being elevated by water in diftillation. They have joined to their acrimony an unpleafant flavour, fomewhat of the garlic or onion kind, and this they give out to fpirituous as well as watery menftrua ; they are rarely made ufe of any otherwife than as ingredients in the compofitions whofe names they bear, though fome recommend them in different difeafes preferably to the common muftard. Lewis M. Med. 647. EL. LS. ME SE od ger ae ft * "+ mb run’ (nt Ve 2) A turum € 07 - /'|SISYMBRIUM NasTURTIUM. Warrn-CnREss. SISYMBRIUM. Lin. Gen. Pl: TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. . Siicula dehifcens valvulis re@liufculis. Cal. patens. ^ Cor. patens. Rau. Syn.Gen.21. HERB. TETRAPETALJE SILIQUOS/E ET SILICULOS.E, SISYMBRIUM. Nafturtiwm filiquis declinatis, foliis pinnatis, foliolis fubcordatis. , Lin. Sy/. Vegetab.. -$-594. Sp. Pl gi6. Fl. Suec. n. 592. SISYMBRIUM. foliis pinnatis, pinnis fubrotundis, brevibus racemis. Haller hit. 482. SISYMBRIUM Nafturtum,. Scopolt Fl Carn. n. 821. NASTURT IUM, aquaticum fupinum. Bauh. Pin. 104. | SISYMBRIUM. Candamine, feu Naflurtium aquaticum. . B. 1I. 884. NASTURTIUM aquaticum vulgare. Pars. 1329. | NASTURTIUM aquaticum feu Crateve fium. Ger. emac. 257. Rati Syn. f. 300! Water-Creffes. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p.296. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 350. NASTURTIUM aquaticum foliis minoribus precocius. Early flowering Water-Crefles with fmaller war | , leaves: Rad, Syn. 301: da NASTURTIUM aquaticum pinnulis paucioribus. Razz Syn. 5. 301. RADIX annua, fibrofiffima, fibris albidis. CAULES plures, ad bafin plerumque repentes, fub- erecti, pedales, bipedales et ultra, purpuraf- centes, angulofi, fulcati, ramofi, glabri, fif- tulofi. : FOLIA caulina pinnata, femi-amplexicaulia, glabra, ROOT annual, extremely fibrous, fibres whitifh. STALKS numerous, ufually creeping at the bafe, nearly upright, a foot, two feet, or more, in height, purplifh, angular, grooved, branched, Ímooth, and hollow. LEAVES of the ftalk pinnated, half embracing the pinnis trium feu quatuor parium, oppofitis, {talk, fmooth, the pinnz or leaflets confift- ovatis, obtufis, fubemarginatis, obtufe den- : ing of three or four pair, oppofite, ovate, | tatis, feffilibus, externa rotundiore ad apicem = obtufe, with a flight indentation at the end, fepe attenuata; axillis radices agentibus ; 4 bluntly toothed, feffile, the end leaflet rounder radicalia omnia rotundiora. than the others, often running out to a point, the alz of the leaves putting forth roots, and all the radical leaves roundifh. i FLOWERS fmall, white, numerous, growing in ra- cemi which are upright. FLOWER-STALKS at firft upright, finally fpread- ici or a little depending, fhorter than the ods. CALYX: a Perrantuium of fourleaves, which are oblong, concave, obtufe, upright, and yel- lowifh, fig. 1. . COROLLA: 4 PErTArs, roundifh, white, finally of a purplifh hue, jig. 2. STAMINA : 6 FiLAMENTS, of which two are fhorter than the reft, at firft of a greenifh white co- lour, laflly purple ; AN THERE yellow, fis. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen round, greeniíh, finally purple; Srvir very fhort, fcarce any; STIGMA forming a little head, fg. 4. ete Ee ua LE ake aie tke ACE CERE RR FLORES parvi, albi, numerofi, racemofi, racemis erectus. ! PEDUNCULI primo erecti, demum patentes, fubde- clinati, filiquis breviores. ARS ae ae PTS HEC REI Me ELE a CHI as CALYX: PeznriANTHIUM 4-phyllum, foliolis ob- longis, concavis, obtufis, ere&tis, flavefcenti- DUS LO H3 COROLLA: PzrALA 4, fubrotunda, alba, demum urpurafcentia, fig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA 6, quorum duo breviora, primo ex albido virefcentia,demum purpurea; : ANTHER flava, fig. 9. PISTILLUM: Germen teres, virefcens, tandem pur- pureum; STYrus breviflimus, vix ullus; # STIGMA capitatum, fg. 4. Xa ES Bs E. Aa UR hut ud Ent CEN te ME x hs 4 . SILIQU/E unciales, furfum fubcurvate, patentes, fub- $ SEED-PODS, about an inch in length, bent a little declinat feminibus protuberantibus turgida. * upwards, fpreading, flightly depending, tur- 4 gid with feeds which protuberate. V Moft people are acquainted with the leaves of the Water-crefs, few comparatively with the plant in flower ; . to render their knowledge of it complete, we have reprefented it in both flates. It is a plant common not only to Europe but America, grows fpontaneoufly in rivulets and watery ditches, and flowers in June, July, and Auguft. It varies in its appearance from feveral caufes; the leaves, if growing in the fhade, are of a green colour, if expofed to the fun, purplifh brown; they rarely vary in their fhape, yet we have feen inftances of their being confiderably elongated by growing in a ftream where the current has been rapid; the alteration produced on the leaves of many other plants from the fame caufe, is well known to Botaniíls: in this flate there is a poffibility that the leaves, by miftake, may be eaten for thofe of the creeping Water-parfnep (Sium nodiflorum) which ufually grows with it; if by accident they fhould, no great danger is to be apprehended, as there are no inflances on record of that plant's being poifonous ; to avoid, however, any alarm from fuch a circumftance, thofe who are in the pra&tice of eating Water-creffes, fhould obferve, that the leaves are nearly round, and that they have the crefs-like tafte, the leaves of the Water-parfnep are not only long and pointed, but fawed on the edges, they are alfo of a much paler colour, and have a very different tafle. Ray mentions two other fpecies of Water-crefs, which can only be confidered as mere local varieties. ’ y “ This * This plant has of late-years been generally fed as a falad-herb in the fpring'of the year;rand is by many ** preferred to all other forts of falads, for its agreeable warm bitter tafle, and eing accounted an excellent * remedy for the fcurvy and to cleanfe the blood, as alfo a good diuretic, it has greatly obtained a preference, ** to moft other forts for winter and {pring ufe with many people. This is generally- gathered in the ditches’ ** and other flanding waters near London, to fupply the markets; but whoever has a mind to cultivate it, may. ** eafily do it, by taking fome of the plants from the places of their natural growth early in the fpring, being ** careful to preferve their roots as entire as poffible and plant them into mud, and then let the water in on “them by degrees; when they have taken root, they will foon flourifh and fpreàd over a large compafs of * water: they fhould not be cut the firft feafon, but fuffered torun to feed, which will fall into the water, and - “ furnifh a fufficient fupply of plants afterwards; but where the water is fo deep that it will not be eafy to plant * them ; the beft method will be, to get a quantity of the plants, juft as their feeds are ripening, and throw * them on the furface of the water, where they are defigned to grow, and their feeds will ripen and fall to the " bottom, where they will take root and produce a fufficiency of thefe plants." MiurLEm's Gard. Di&. The leaves of the Water-crefs have a moderately pungent tafte, and when rubbed between the fingers, emit a quick penetrating fmell, like that of muftard feed, but much weaker. Their pungent matter is taken up both by watery and fpirituous menflrua, and accompany the aqueous juice, which iffues copioully on expreflion ; it is very volatile, fo as to rife in great part in diftillation with re&ified fpirit as well as with water, and almoft totally to exhale in drying the leaves, or infpiffating by the gentleft heat, to the confiftence of an extraét, either the expreffed juice, or the watery or fpirituous tin&ures. Both the infpiffated juice and the watery extract, difcover to the tafte a faline impregnation, and, in keeping, throw up cryftalline efflorefcences to the furface. On diftilling with water confiderable quantities of the herb, a {mall proportion of a fubtle, volatile, and very pungent eflential oil is obtained. This herb is one of the milder acrid aperient antifcorbutics, of the fame general virtues with the Cochlearia, but confiderably lefs pungent, and, in a great meafure, free from the peculiar flavour which accompanies that plant, HorrMAN has a great opinion of it, and recommends it as of fingular efficacy for ftrengthening the vifcera, opening obftructions of the glands, promoting the fluid fecretions, and purifying the body of humours : for thefe purpofes, the herb may be ufed as a dietétic article, or the expreffed juice, taken in dofes of from one to four ounces twice or thrice a day, Lewis’s Materia Medica. onc ¥ VxoHookD TS DE t4 QM n RR H (^ ; H , AUR A ] > H T "IPS GERANIUM Dissectum. Jaccep CRANE 's-Bir. GERANIUM. Linn. Gen. PJ. MoNApELPHIA DECANDRIA. Monogyna. Stigmata 5. Fructus roftratus, pentacoceus. Rai Syn. Gen. 24. Hers PENTAPETAL/E VASCULIFERA, GERANIUM difectum pedunculis folio brevioribus, foliis quinquepartito-trifidis multifidifque, petalis; emarginatis, arillis villofis. L’Herit. Ger. Ait. Hort. Kew. vol. 9. $- 437- GERANIUM diffectum pedunculis bifloris, foliis quinquepartito-trifidis, petalis emarginatis, longitudine calycis, arillis villofis. Linn. Sy/f. Veg. p. 618. Spec. plant. p. 956. Flor. Suec. 622. Scopolt Fl. Carn. ed. 2. n. 848. Hudfon Fl. Angl. p. 304. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. 371. GERANIUM caule erccto, foliis quinquelobis, lobis trifidis acutis. Ha//. Hi. 937. GERANIUM foliis imis ufque ad pedunculum divifis. | 277. Parif. tab. 15. f. 2. GERANIUM malacoides / columbinum alterum. Parkinfon 706. Columbinum majus diffe&tis foliis, Ger. em. 938. Rati Syn. 359. Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill, with jagged leaves. - RADIX annua, teres, fubfibrofa, fufca. Q ROOT annual, round, fomewhat fibrous, brown. CAULES plures, fubpedales, patentes, teretiufculi, : STALKS many, about a foot long, fpreading, round- Q pallide virides, hinc rubentes, pilis crebris, ifh, of a pale green, here and there reddifh, brevibus, albis, deorfum fpe&tantibus, obfiti, befet with a number of white, {hort hairs, nodofi, ramofi, ramis alternis, divaricato- pointing downwards ; jointed, branched; the patulis. branches alternate, divaricated, fpreading. LEAVES oppofite, on long footftalks, deeply divided ' into five fegments, which are again divided FOLIA. oppofita, longe petiolata, quinquepartita, laci- . nus tri-fexfidis, diftantibus, linearibus, ine- qualibus, acutiufculis, venofis, utrinque pilis into from three to fix fmaller ones, diftant, furfum fpectantibus inftruétis, margine apice- linear, unequal, fomewhat pointed, veiny, on que rubris, finubus obtufis. Laciniz foliorum ( both fides befet with hairs pointing upwards, radicalium magis approximate et obtufiores, § their edge and tips red, the finufles obtufe. petiolis divaricato-patulis, comprefliufculis, The fegments of the radical leaves'approach uti caulis pilofis. nearer to each other, and are more obtufe, footftalks fpreading, a little flattened, hairy like the ftalk. STIPUL/É bilobz, bafi lata, albida, lobis femicorda- 6 STIPUL E compofed of two lobes, with a broad white OOO DO OOOO OOOO OSS) tis, acuminatis, rubris, nitentibus, linea dor- 9 bafe, the lobes femicordate, acuminated, red, fali albida, margineque ciliatis. . Íhining, having a whitifh line on the back, : 6 which together with the margin is edged with 6 - hairs. FLORES parvi, purpureo-rubri. ; FLOWERS fmall, of a purplifh red colour. PEDUNCULI biflori, foliis breviores. i PEDUNCLES two-flower'd, fhorter than the leaves. CALYX: PzniaNTHIUM pentaphyllum, foliolis ova- : CALYX: a Perranruium with five, ovato-oblong, to-oblongis, trinervibus, ariftatis, pilis glandu- | three-rib'd, awned leaves, befet with glan- lofis obfitis, #g. 1. ; dulous hairs, fig. 1. COROLLA calyce paulo brevior. Perata quinque, 9 COROLLA a little fhorter than the calyx. PrrALs oblongo-obcordata, emarginata, jig. 2. i five, oblongo-obcordate, emarginated, fig. 2. NECTARIUM: GrawpULA quinque virides, cum i NECTARY: five green glandules, placed alternately petalis alternantes, fig. 3. 6 with the petals, fig. 9. STAMINA: Firamenta decem, germen cingentia. $ STAMINA: ten FiLAMEN'TS furrounding the germen. AwNTHERA Íubovate, coerulez, fig. 4. ANTHER nearly ovate, blue, jig. 4. PISTILLUM: GznwzN pentagonum, roftratum, pilis i PISTILLUM five-corner’d, beaked, befet with glan- glandulofis veftitum. — Srvrus cylindricus, dulous hairs. Srvrz cylindrical permanent. ( perfiftens. Sricma quinquefidum, rufefcens, STiGMA quinquefid, reddifh, fig. 5. fig: 5- SEMINA arillata. AnrirLus villofus, jig: 6. 9 SEEDS covered with a villous ARILLU s, fig. 6. We have figured this fpecies in the ftate we ufually find it among the herbage, on the borders of meadows and paftures ; a fituation which with us it very much affe&ts; of courfe itis more drawn up than when it grows fingly, which it frequently does by road fides, and in fallow fields. It flowers in May and June. It varies greatly infize, and we have feen it with white and flefh coloured bloffoms. It can fcarcely be miftaken for any of the other Britifh fpecies; we may remark, however, that it is not only diftinguifhed by its finely divided leaves, but that its bloffoms (ufually of a bright colour) being furnifhed with . very {hort footítalks, appear fitting as it were among the leaves ; the petals alfo are ufually fhorter than the calyx by the awns of the latter, which are unufually long; the calyx, but more particularly the ftyle, which becomes the roftrum, is thickly covered with vifcid hairs ; the hairs on the ftalk afford likewife a good diftinétion, as they do not fpread horizontally as in many of the other fpecies, but obvioufly point downward, which is accurately noticed in Monf. VA1LLANT's figure. Publisbed Mar. 7, “ig, by Wi Curtis, S1 Georges Crofecnt ; Martel et ay A ne GERANIUM PARVIFLORUM. SMALL-FLOWERED CRANE’S BILL GERANIUM. Linn. Gen. P. MowAp£ELPHIA DECANDRiA. Monogyna. Stigmata 5. Fruchus roffratus, pentacoccus. Rar Syn. Gen. 94. HERB& PENTAPETALJE VASCULIFERA. GERANIUM parviflorum caule {ubpubefcente, floribus pentandris, petalis emarginatis, arillis lzevibus ilis appreffis veltitis. 3 | ‘GERANIUM »puf//um pedunculis bifloris, petalis bifidis, caule depreffo, foliis reniformibus palmatis ~ linearibus acutis, Linn. Sy/t. Veg. p. 618. Spec. Plant. p. 957. — Mantifi. 435. Burm. Geran. 23. GERANIUM pujillum caule herbaceo ramofo, foliis fubrotundo-lobatis, lobis trifidis, floribus pentandris ceeruleis. Cavanilles Difs. p. 202. tab. 89. f. 1. GERANIUM foliis hirfutis, femifeptilobis, lobis femitrilobis, obtufis. Ha//. Hi/?. 940. GERANIUM malvefolium. Scopoli FI. Carniol. ed. 9. n. 847. 1 GERANIUM columbinum majus, flore minore caeruleo. Raz? Hf. Plant. b. 1059. — Synopf. p. 358. The greater blue-flowered Dovesfoot-Cranefbill. Vasil. Parif. tab. 15. f. 1. minimis- RADIX annua, teres, libro. rubefcens. 9 ROOT annual, round, fibrous, reddifh. CAULES diffufi, fubpedales, teretes, pallide virides 9 STALKS fpreading, about a foot long, pale green, aut fubrubentes, vix pubefcentes, ramofi. Q or fometimes reddifh, very flightly downy, | Q branched. FOLIA fubrotunda, feptemfida, laciniis patentibus, tri- 6 LEAVES roundifh, divided into feven lobes, the lobes fidis, obtufis, quibufdam profundius partitis, @ trifid, obtufe, fome of them more deeply di- finubus acutiufculis ; venola, villofa, mollia, pallide viridia; radicalia longiffime petiolata ; caulina oppofita, magnitudine inzqualia, lon- gitudine pedunculis fubzequalia, lacinüs acu- Q Q tioribus. | vided, the finufes rather acute; veiny, villous, foft, pale green ; the radical ones on very long footftalks; the ftalk-leaves oppofite, of an unequal fize, nearly as long as the peduncles, their lobes more acute. STIPULAZE lanceolate, broad at bottom, red, fhining, STIPULZE lanceolatz, bafi late, rubra, nitentes, la- -ciniis acutis, ciliatis. A fegments fharp, edged with hairs. FLORES minuti, purpureo-cerulei. _ FLOWERS very fmall, of a purplifh blue colour. PEDUNCULI fubunciales, axillares, folitarii, biflori. 9 PEDUNCLES from the axilla, about an inch long, ! two-flowered. BRACTE feu Involucra füpulis fimilia, modo bre- & BRACTE/E or Involucra like viora. fmaller. CALYX: Prertanruium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, 6 CALYX: a PeriantTu1um of five leaves, which are acutis, furfum pilofis, ftriatis, albo marginatis; 0 ovate, acute, covered with hairs which point duobus exterioribus latioribus, fig. 1. upwards, ftriated, with a white margin, the two outer ones wider than the reft, fg. 1. COROLLA a little larger than the calyx, bell-fhaped and open, confifting of five obcordate, emar-- 6 ginated petals, jig. 2. NECTARIUM: GianpuL# 5 virides, cum petalis 0 NECTARY: five green GrANpULEs, placed alter- alternantes, jig. 3. auct. nately with the petals, jg. 3. magnified. STAMINA: Fitamenta decem germen cingentia, 9 STAMINA: ten FinaAMENTS furrounding the germen, quorum quinque longiora, fertilia, quinque 3 five of which are longer and fertile, the other the füpule, but COROLLA calyce paulo major, campanulato-hians 3 ; Sr UAE Q petalis 5 obcordatis, emarginatis, //g. 2. : "OQ OX» alterna breviora, fterilia, fig. 4, 5. ANTHERA 6 five fhorter and flere, fig. 4,.5. The five uinque, fubovate, coerulex, jig. 6. 6 ANTHER£ are nearly ovate, and blue, fig. 6. PISTILLUM uti in affinibus, jig. 7. 6 PISTILLUM as in the other, fig. z SEMINA folitaria, reniformia, glabra, arillata, rufa. 0 SEEDS folitary, kidney-fhaped, fmooth, reddifh, co- AmnILLI caudati, pallide fufci, leves, pilis Q vered with an arillus. The AnirLus pale albis, longitudinaliter adpreffis, obfiti, fg. 8. 0 brown, fmooth, with white longitudinal hairs auct. fig. 9. i preffed clofely to it, //g. 8. magnified at fg. 9. While fome Botanifts have confounded this fpecies with the mo//e already figured in this work, others have miftaken it for the rotundifolium, from both of which it is fpecifically different: Ray and VaiLLant, among the older Botanifts, appear to have had a perfectly clear idea of it, as 1s evident from the defcription of the one and the figure of the other; in the third edition of Ray’s Synopfis, DitrzNius has defcribed and. figured a plant which he calls Geranium columbinum humile flore ceruleo minimo; this plant was firt adopted by Linn aus 1n his Spec. Plantar. under the name of pu/il/um, as appears from his referring to this very figure, a name applicable enough to DiLLentus’s plant as figured by him, but not to Ray’s and VAILLANTS, which is the one here intended. Whether Ditienrvs’s plant be a fünted variety of ours, or a diftinét fpecies, we fhall not take upon us at prefent to determine; if the former, his figure, like that of his Ceraffzum femidecandrum, has contributed greatly to miflead; if the latter, the name of pu///um would appear to be a very proper one, and may at any time be made ufe of. ; Notwithftanding there are flrong reafons for fuppofing, from obfervations made in the latter works of Linn aus, that our plant is his puw/i//um, we have thought a name fo very inapplicable ought not to remain as a ftumbling-block, and have therefore fubftituted parviflorum, as coinciding with Ray’s defcription. "y Having already defcribed this plant minutely, we fhall only mention a few of the ftriking characters in which it differs from the mol/e; in what refpett it varies from rotundifolium, will be particularly {pecified when we figure that plant. Aii M. ; At firft fight it differs from the mo//e, in having its leaves more divided, of a paler and more yellow colour, its bloffoms much fmaller, of a bluer and lefs brilliant hue; more clofely examined, the ftalks are {carce perceptibly hairy, or but flightly pubefcent, the leaves z7 general grow oppofite, frequently not fo towards the top of the ftalks, and are more open behind; the ftamina bearing anthera are never more than five, and the ' arillus, or coat of the feed, inftead of being tranfverfely wrinkled, as we have figured it in the molle, is compa- ratively {mooth : for this latter diftinGtion, which is a yery effential one, and indeed, I may fay, for the difcovery of the plant, I am indebted to the fuperior difcernment of my much-efteemed and ingenious friend Mr. Davat, of Orbe in Switzerland. i ! | On the Weft fide of London, particularly in the neglected gardens, and fallow-fields about Little-Chelfea, where the foil is light, this fpecies 1s quite a weed; on the Eaftern fide, at leaft near the metropolis, it is more rarely found: in many parts of England it grows equally common with the mo//e, than which it ufually forms a larger tuft, and fometimes varies with white flowers. It bloffoms in June and July. ; t * . D { ^ ? " ' ' D . 1 [ E n yh T Eswvarqs dil zt Sculp, Ls. \ £ \ 4 : . - j 1 1 * ; * ' ced)? Y ^ 4 - £ AUS " à ( Apud emm rw tram vut E * ey ae eae E as «| » "P LU ms m ; br ATA Mr gu ie acu fruar eiit. ORLA IN “SF bs Wigs Oe FUMARIA CAPREOLATA. RAMPING FuMITORY. FUMARIA. Lina. Gen. Pj, DiapELbHIA HEXANDRIA. Cal. diphyllus. Cer. ringens. 7/amenta 2-membranacea, fingula Antheris 3. Ran Syn, Gen. HERBA FLÓRE PERFECTO SIMPLICI, SEMINIBUS NUDIS SOLITARII$ SEU AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. FUMARIA. capreolata pericarpiis monofpermis racemofis, foliis fcandentibus fubcirrhofis. Linn, Syf. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 637. Sp. PL. ed. 3. p. 985. .Ligbtf. Scot. v. 1. p. 380. FUMARIA officinalis var. Hudf. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 309. FUMARIA viticulis et capreolis plantis vicinis adherens. Bau. Pin. p. 149. FUMARIA major fcandens flore pallidiore. Raz’ Syn, ed. 3. p. 204. The greater ramping Fumitory. FUMARIA Hore albo. White flowred Fumitorie. Ger. Heré. p 927. f. 2. deferibed with tendrils, but not figured with any. In the wonderful economy of nature, it is found requifite for the well-being of certain plants, that they fhould grow to a confiderable height above the furface of the earth ; by far the greater part acquire this height by the flrength and firmnefs of their ftems, which are capable of refifting the fury of the elements? ; others, Iefs robuft, acquire the neceffary height, for the moft part, in two ways; either the ftem inftn&ively turns round the neighbouring plants, as in the Hop and Bindweed, or they throw out tendrils, which have the faculty of curling round whatever objects they come in conta& with, as in the Vine, Cucumber, and many of the leguminous plants :—in the prefent inftance, there 1s'a deviation from both thefe modes, the flalk does not turn as in the Hop, nor does it throw out tendrils as in the Vine; but the leaves themfelves perform the office of tendrils, that is, they curl round whatever objeéts they touch. | Though the prefent plant, in the colour and form of its leaves and flowers, bears a confiderable refemblance to the common Fumitory, yet its greater difpofition to climb did not efcape the obfervation of the older Botanifts, who regarded it as a fpecies on that account:—by what particular means it acquired its fuperior power of afcenfion, or in what other refpeéts it differed from the common Fumitory, they did not inquire into as they ought, or they would not have fpoken of its diftin@ w/zeu/ and capreof; it may be doubted: even whether Linn &us's term of /udcirrhofis, together with his defcription of the leaves in his Spec. Plant. ( foliola extrema in cirrhos tranfeunt) may not tend to miflead the ftudent ; for though the leaves, or rather their foot- ftalks, perform the office of tendrils, their form (as far as we have obferved) undergoes no alteration. Some modern writers have expreffed their doubts, as to this plant's being a fpecies ; if it differed only in the. particular oeconomy of its leaves, we fhould doubt it alfo; for we have obferved the common Fumitory, when growing luxuriantly, fhew a fimilar tendency in its leaves to lay hold of contiguous objects; and many, we believe, have taken the plant in this luxuriant ftate, and with this tendency, for the capreo/zt2 ; no wonder they Íhould perceive no. difference, ] We have long been convinced that the two plants are perfectly diftinét; the true capreo/ata is much lefs common, ‘and a more local plant than the offezna/is ; its foliage has little of the glaucous appearance in it, but inclines more to yellowifh-green, and, taking two plants of the fame age and of the fame degree of luxuriance, it is much broader and has a much greater tendency to perform 'the office of tendrils, and, in confequence of this greater difpofition to climb, the plant will afcend to a much greater height than the offczmaks, and will frequently furmount a.low hedge; the difference in the flowers is equally if not more obvious, and this difference is, perhaps, in no refpeét more ftriking, than in the number of the flowers which form the {pike; in the capreolata they are much fewer than in the offcinalis, being ufually from fix to twelve, while in the officinalis they are generally twice as numerous; the colour of the flowers exhibits a difference which ftrikes the eye, perhaps, as foon as any other; in the officials, the main body of ; the flower is bright red, in the capreo/ata it is flefh colour; hence the deep red at the extremity of the flowers in the capreo/ata forms a greater contraft in : this fpecies than in the other :—to thefe diftinCtions, we may add the fuperior fize of the flowers of the capreo/ata, which are at leaft one third larger; the mouth of the flower in the officinalis (taking two flowers of the fame age) is more open, that is the tip of the carina adheres more clofely to the other parts; in the capreo/ata, this is a good character and conftant ; in the officinalis, the peduncle is inferted more into the middle of the flower; the calyx in the capreo/ata is proportionably broader, and its upper edge rifes higher on the flower, wid. jig. 1, 2, where a flower of each 1s reprefented, that they may be compared together. We have already obferved, that this fpecies is more local than the offcrnalis ; it is certainly much more rare in the neighbourhood of London: we remember to have feen it fparingly near Edmonton, and in a few other places ; more plentifully about Barnftaple, in Devonfhire, and elfewhere. : It flowers from June to September, and produces plenty of feed, which comes up fpontaneoufly, and in fuch abundance as to make it a kind of weed, * « To loftier forms are rougher tafks affign'd, * The fheltering oak refifts the flormy wind." . BARBAULD. : > | E 3 etatem um rennt 2. = | €. | i 1 TRIFOLIUM ScABRUM. Rovcu TREFOIL. TRIFOLIUM Linn. Gen. Pi. Flores fubcapitati. Cz hifcens, deciduum. Rau Syn. Gen. 23. Hera DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. pfila vel Legumen vix calyce longius, non de- FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOS&. TRIFOLIUM /cabrum capitulis feffilibus lateralibus ovatis, calycibus ineequalibus rigidis perfiflentibus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1084. TRIFOLIUM /cabrum capitulis feffilibus lateralibus ovatis, calycis laciniis inzequalibus rigidis recurvis, Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. | Scopol jegss: FI. Carn. ed, 2. 5. 81. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. TRIFOLIUM caulibus proftratis, capitulis ovatis, in alis feffilibus, calycibus rigidis, fegmentis rectis. Hall. Hif. Helv. n, 371. TRIFOLIUM flofculis albis, in glomerulis ed. 3. p. 329. Vall. Par, t. oblongis afperis, cauliculis proxime adnatis. Ra yz. 33: ft. j : : NON RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULES ex eadem radice plures, procumbentes, triunciales ad femipedales et ultra in planta culta, teretes, flexuofi, pilis longis fubappreffis ROOT annual and fibrous. STALKS many from the fame root, procumbent, from three to fix inches in length or more in the cultivated plant, round, crooked, co- vefliti, ramofi. vered with long hairs fomewhat preffed to it, branched. LEAVES various in the fame plant, the lower ones for the moft part inverfely ovate, obtufe, the upper ones ovate, and pointed, hairy like the ftalk, terminating in a fhort point, flightly toothed, veins near the margin on the upper fide unufually prominent. TIPUL rib'd, long-pointed, ftreaked with red. LOWERS fmall, white, narrow, growing in little heads, which are ovate, feffile, and lateral. CALYX: a Pertanruium of one leaf, tubular, di- vided imto five fegments, villous, in the flowering plant coloured with red, the feg- ments fomewhat large, lanceolate, nearly firaight, the two uppermoft ones fmalleft, when the flowering is over fpreading and fomewhat bent back, a little rigid, the tube grooved, fig. 1. COROLLA papilionaceous; STANDARD nearly ftraight, obtufe; Wines a little fhorter than the ftandard, obtufe; Kxzr the length nearly of the wings, jig. 2. STAMINA: ten white capillary Firaments; Aw- THER yellow. PISTILLUM: GznMzN oblong, green; Srvzz the length of the flamina; Stigma forming a little head. SEMINA intra calycem nervofum folitaria, lutea, 0 SEEDS one within each rib'd calyx, yellow, oval, and ovalia, nitida. Q gloffy. '$ : | FOLIA in eadem planta varia, inferiora plerumque obovata, obtufa, fuperiora ovata, acuta, uti caulis pilofa, mucrone terminata, fubdenti- culata, venis ad marginem fuperne preter morem prominentibus, STIPUL/E nervofze, acuminate, rubro ftriate, -FLORES albi, parvi, angufli, capitati, capitulis ovatis, feffilibus, lateralibus. CALYX: PrRiaNTHIUM monophyllum, tubulatum, quinquefidum, villofum, in florefcente planta rubedine tinctum, laciniis majufculis, lanceo- latis, rectiufculis, duabus fuperioribus minori- bus, peracta florefcentia reflexo-patulis, rigi- dulis, tubus fulcatus, fig. 1. S F COROLLA papilionacea; VzrxirruM reciufculum, obtufum ; Arx vexillo paulo breviores, ob- tufz ; Carina longitudine fere alarum, fg. 2. STAMINA: FirawENTA 10, capillaria, alba; Awn- THER.E flava. PISTILLUM : Germen oblongum, viride; Srvrvus longitudine ftaminum; ST1GMA capitatum. LOLOL OL OL OL OLS OC CO WOXOXO OO» Oxo» The Trifolium feabrum is a plant found in many parts of Europe, growing in open fituations, and particularly affe€ting chalky, or calcareous foils; we have not obferved it nearer London than the neighbourhood of Croydon ; it grows abundantly in the Ifle of Shepey ; is found alfo between Northfleet and Gravefend, and in - various parts of the kingdom. It takes its name of /cabrum from the roughnefs of its heads, a charaGter not altogether peculiar to this fpecies. It flowers in June and July, and grows readily from feeds. The Calyces, which are tinged with red when the plant is in flower, become afterwards green. In the fpring ofthe year, while the plant is young, the foliage is remarkably pretty; the veins on the upper fide of the leaf near the margin, which are unufually prominent, being then molt confpicuous. “Ray has pointed out the leading features of this plant with his ufual acumen; and VAiLLANT, in his Botan, Parif. has given a good figure of it; the hairinefs on the flalk is, however, fomewhat too ftrongly exprelfed. ) It differs from the Trifolium glomeratum, already figured (with which it has fome affinity) in a variety of particulars ; in the g/omeratum the heads are round, in the carum they are ovate; in the glomeratum the whole plant is {mooth, in the /caórum it is hairy; in the g/omeratum the flowers are red, in this they are white; in the - glomeratum the leaves are ftrongly toothed, here they are faintly fo; there is a confiderable difference alfo in the fegments of the calyx, which deferves a particular attention, as the fpecific defcription of Hatter and Linn aus taken from this part are greatly at variance; the former defcribes them as flraight (reéizs) obferving that they differ in that from thofe of the g/omeratum ; the latter defcribes them as bent back (recwruis); the fact is, when the plant is in flower, which is the period when it is generally fuppofed to be defcribed, unlefs otherwile mentioned, the fegments of the calyx are ftraight, or nearly fo; when out of bloom they bend back, as VAILLANT has reprefented them; in the g/omeratum they bend back at a more early period, more evidently recurved. From Mr. Apams, of Pembroke, we received feeds of this plant growing on the fea-coaft, which he fufpetted to be different from ours; on culture, it proved the fame, varying fomewhat in fuperiority of fize and roughnefs. and always are sho ji simi reos rM er re Ln ert qe nra N v o eR Ea! b " "AT VATES VW Aero "p OEC iig d ni p se " o CR is das NT e ^ ; DAY, Jes di WM & TRIFOLIUM OcHROLEUCUM. YELLOW CLOVER. TRIFOLIUM. ‘Lina. Gen. Pl. DiapELPHIA DECANDRIA. Flores fabcapitati. Capfula vel Legumen wix.calyce longius, non dehifcens, deciduum. Ram Syn. Gem. 293. HERBA& FLORE PAPILIONACEO sEU LEGUMINOS E. TRIFOLIUM ochroleucum Ípicis villofis, caule ere&o pubefcente, foliolis infimis obcordatis. Linn. Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 1143. facg. Fl. Auflr. v. 1. p. 26. 1. 40. TRIFOLIUM ochroleucum fpicis villofis globofis, corollis monopetalis, calycum infimo dene longiffimo recto, caule fubdeclinato, folüfque villofis infimis obcordatis. Hud/: F7. Angl. ed. 2. f: 325. | | TRIFOLIUM caule erecto, foliis hirfutis, fupremis conjugatis, fpicis oblongis. H4//. Hifl. 378. TRIFOLIUM pratenfe hirfutum majus, flore albo-fulphureo feu 4xp»sóxe. The great white or yellowifh Meadow-Trefoil, TRIFOLIUM montanum majus flore albo-fulphureo. Merr. Pin. RADIX perennis. ROOT perennial. CAULES plures, pedales, fefquipedales, ere&i, ra- ? STALKS feveral, a foot to a foot and a half in length, mofi, teretes, hirfuti, fzpe purpurafcentes. upright, branched, round, hirfute, often purplifh. LEAVES hairy on both fides, foft, perfe&ily entire, often purple at the edges, the lowermoft ones fmall, inverfely heart-fhaped, thofe of the ftalk large, flanding on long footftalks, ovato- oblong, obtufe, the uppermoft ones narrower, ftanding on fhort footítalks. FOLIA utrinque hirfuta, mollia, integerrima, ad oras fepe purpurea, infima minora,. obcordata, caulina majora longe petiolata, remota, ovato- oblonga, obtuía, fuprema breve petiolata, angufliora. DDD? MOG HKD? D?D? DOOD Qo Di Qim™" STIPULAE oblonge, femiamplexicaules, nervofe, bi- STIPUL/E oblong, half embracing the ftalk, ftrongly cufpidatz, apicibus prelongis. : ribbed, terminating in two long points. FLORES in capitulis, folitariis, villofis, primo fub- FLOWERS growing in fingle, villous heads, which - rotundis, demum fubovatis. at firft are nearly round, and afterwards fome- what ovate. D> CO Ce x CALYX perfiftens, monophyllus, tubulatus, albidus, 9 CALYX continuing, monophyllous, tubular, whitith, hirfutus, quinquedentatus, infimo dente ceteris 6 hirfute; five-toothed, the lowermoft tooth duplo longiore, jig. 1. twice the length of the others, fg: 1. J COROLLA papilionacea, monopetala, ochroleuca: § COROLLA papilionaceous, monopetalous, pale yel- Vexillum infra tubulofum, tubo longitudine à low ; Standard below tubular, tube the length dentis calycinis infimi, limbo lanceolato, of the lowermoft tooth of the calyx, limb compreflo, erecto, tubi longitudine; 4/7 lanceolate, upright, length of the tube, fides Carinague cam vexillo coalite, iftoque multo ; compreffed, Wings and Kee/ united to the breviores, fig. 9. | Ílandard, and much fhorter than it, jig. 2. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA diadelpha fimplex et novem fidum: ANrTHErRA fimplices, minute flavae. STAMINA: FinLAMENTS united in two bodies, nine and one; ANTHER Íimple, minute, and yellow. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum: Sawa fubula- tus, adícendens: Sricma fimplex. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat ovate; STYLE ‘tapering to a point, bending upward ; Sric- MA fimple. SEED-VESSEL : a Pop contained within the flriated calyx, membranous, thin, tender, one-feeded. PERICARPIUM : LrcuMEN calyce ftriato inclufum, membranaceuni, tener, tenue, monofpermum. SEMEN luteum. - SEED yellow. The Trifolium ochroleucum borrows its name from the colour of its bloffoms, which is pale yellow, or brimflone, and that conftantly fo; by this character it is fufficiently diftinguifhed from fuch of our other Clovers as refemble it in their general appearance: to this we may add the greater hairinefs of the whole plant, the unufual length. and uprightnefs of the Vexillum, as well as the difproportionate length of the lowermoft fegment of the Calyx. Did fuch diftiné&ions generally prevail, enchanting indeed would be the ftudy of plants! _ | This fpecies affeCis dry paítures in the more eaftern parts of the kingdom, and frequently fuch as have a -chalky or calcareous foil; im the environs of London it 1s rarely found ; we have obferved it fparingly about Barnet; in fome parts of Effex, efpecially about, Dunmow, it is particularly abundant, as we are affured by our excellent friend, Dr. Joun Sims, to whofe botanical fkill we are proud of acknowledging ourfelves frequently indebted: we have received roots of it alfo from Lewis MAJENDIE, of Hedingham-Caflle, Effex, of whole knowledge in agriculture, and of whofe zeal in promoting his country’s beft interells, the annals of agriculture ~ afford ample teftimony. . It flowers in June and July. E From the great averfion it has to moifture, we could never. keep It in our garden at Lambeth-Marth. In point of produce it is fuperior to the 7zfo/rum repens, and, for certain foils and fituatioas, it may perhaps prove a good fubititute for it, or the prarenfe. We recommend it to the notice of the experimental agriculturift. S Edwards dit £F Sanforn D e Te ~Trirotium ARvENSE. Hare’s-Foot TREFOIL. TRIFOLIUM. Linn. Gen. PI, | Diap£gLPHIA DeCANDRiA. Flores fubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehifcens, de: ciduum. ; Ras Syn. Gen. 29. MHER2. rLORE PAPILIONACEO sEU LEGUMINOS&. TRIFOLIUM arven/e fpicis villofis ovalibus, dentibus calycinis fetaceis villofis aequalibus. Linn. $yff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 689. Sp. Pl. p. 1083. FL. Suec. n. 668. | 'TRIFOLIUM caule ramofo, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, fpicis villofis ovatis. Hall. Hf. n. 373. TRIFOLIUM arvenfe. Scopoli Fl. Carn. p. 83. v. 2. TRIFOLIUM arvenfe humile fpicatum f. Lagopus. Baub. Pin. 328. LAGOPUS ‘doting J. Baub. Hift. 9. p. 377. | LAGOPUS five Pes Leporis. Ger. emac. 1199... LAGOPUS vulgaris. Park. 1197. Raii Syn. p. 330. Hare's-Foot or Hare’s-Foot Trefoil. Hud/on FL. Angl. ed. 2. p. 326. Lightfoot FJ. Scot. p. 406. RADIX annua, fufiformis, fimplex, albida. ROOT annual, tapering, fimple, whitifh. CAULIS pedalis, fubereétus, ramofus, teres, leviul- culus, pilis crebris, mollibus, albis, cane- Ícens. STALK about a foot high, nearly ereét,. branched, round, fmoothifh, grey, with numerous foft white hairs. KC» CC O €» RAMI alterni, breviufculi, patulo-ereéti. BRANCHES alternate, fhortifh, betwixt upright and Q Ípreading. Q ^ FOLIA ternata ; foliola zqualia, oblongo-obovata, j LEAVES growing three together, equal, oblong-obo- emarginata, leviter ftriata, pilofa. é vate, emarginate, faintly ftriated, hairy. STIPUL@ bicufpidate, apicibus fubulatis, ftriate, à STIPULA two-pointed, tips awl-fhaped, flriated, ftriis interdum rubris. é veins fometimes red. C» FLORES parvi, albi, in capitulis terminalibus, fubo- 0 FLOWERS fmall, white, in terminal heads fomewhat valibus, pilofiffimis, cano-carneis. oval, very hairy, of a greyifh flefh colour. —— CALYX: PeRIANTHIUM tubulatum, 5-dentatum, pilofifimum, albidum, dentibus fubzequali- bus, longitudine tubi, fetaceis, rubris, fg. 1. ‘ pili cani fub microfcopio reéti, longiffimi. CALYX: a tubular PER1ANTH1UM of five teeth, very hairy, whitifh, teeth nearly equal, as long as the tube, brittle-fhaped, and red, fig. 1. the hairs grey, magnified appear ftraight, and very long. - (CO í * COROLLA papilionaceous, fhorter than the calyx; STANDARD obovate, faintly notched; Wines COROLLA papilionacea, calyce brevior, alba; Vzx- ILLUM obovatum, obfolete crenulatum ; Ar X95 99€ CX» anguftz, dimidio breviores ; Carina obtula 6 narrow, fhorter by one half, Kexx obtufe, alis brevior, jig. 2. i Q Íhorter than the wings, fig. 2. , : © ] ' STAMINA diadelpha, fimplex et novemfidum, An- 9 STAMINA in two bodies, one fingle, nine united ; -THER& limplices. | ANTHER.E fimple. PISTILLUM : Germen fubovatum ; SrvrLus fubula- ; PISTILLUM: Germen fubovate; Sry Le tapering, tus, afcendens; Stigma fimplex. Q afcending ; SticmA fimple. i] Q | SEMEN fubovatum, glabrum, virefcens, calyce tec- 0 SEED fomewhat ovate, fmooth, greenifh, covered by tum, f/g. 3. excerptum, jig. 4. Q the calyx, fg. 3. taken out, fig. 4. The Trifolium arvenfe, though not to be found in every walk that one takes about London, is common enough in fandy, and gravelly foils, and in light arable lands, which it chiefly affects; we have obferved it moft fre- quently about Charlton ; in the fand pits behind the Church it may be found with certainty. There is fcarcely any tribe of plants which vary more in their inflorefcence than the Trefoils (fee the feveral fpecies figured in this work) the arven/é differs remarkably from all our others, the flowers growing in foft, oblong, hairy heads, of a light colour, which have a moft pleafing appearance, and render the plant very confpicuous, it.is from thefe, as is well known, it has very generally acquired the name of Hares-Foot. From what we have obferved, the feeds in many of the fpecies of this genus are not fcattered abroad as in - moft of the leguminous plants, but vegetate in the heads as they lie on the ground; we have noticed this economy in the prefent as well as other fpecies ; how far the whole genus is fubject to it deferves inquiry. . Liyyaus in his Flor. Suec. confiders the Lagopus perpufillus fupinus perelegans maritimus Lobel of Rays. ! Synopfis, p. 990. ¢. 14. f. 2. as a variety merely, having found it to have an annual root, and to become like the other on being cultivated. is T. nidi Stai dieci iari * » i sien. pomme NE. € Tee s "didstow: ^ isi A Sut veia | " arii Sedan og | tu e Sisal LR uiris digg akin Pree miubedis Vete adn anf ^ noto tá Nine ork AS TR ^ A (Mb Latuyrus NissoLIA. CniMsoN LATHYRUS, or — GnAss VETCH. | LATHYRUS. Lm" Gén. PL DiaAbEL?PHIA DECANDRIA. Stylus planus, fupra villofus, fuperne latior. Cz/. laciniz fuperiores duze breviores. » Rain Sym.Gen.99. HeRB& FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOS E. LATHYRUS Nifolia pedunculis unifloris, foliis fimplicibus, ftipulis fubulatis. Lina. Sp. Ph v. 2. ed. 3. f. 1029. Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 662: j LATHYRUS pedunculis unifloris, folis gramineis, ftipulis minimis: Ha//, Hiff. z. 441. LATHYRUS fylveftris minor. Bauh. Pin. 944. | CATANANCHE leguminofa quorundam. 7. B. II. 309. VICIA folio gramineo filiqua porreGiffima. Mer. 5. LATHYRUS anguftifolius ere&us, folio fingulari, fine capreolis Niffoli. Magn: Horz. 112. t. 112. NISSOLIA parva flore purpureo. Bux. cent. 9. p. 84. t. 45. f. 1. ERVUM fylveftre. Dodon. Pempt. p. 529. Ger..emac. Crimfon graffe Fetch. p: 1249. ERVUM fylveftre five Catananche. Wild graffe leafed Orobus. Park. Th. p. 1079. RADIX annua, fibrofa. 6 ROOT annual and fibrous. CAULIS pedalis, et ultra, fuberectus, fimplex, raro 9 STALK a foot or more in height, nearly upright, un- ramofus, angulatus, glaberrimus. | Q . branched for the moft part, angular, very ; fmooth., LEAVES alternate, betwixt upright and fpreading, feflile, fomewhat decurrent, fimple, grafly, FOLIA alterna, erecto patula, feffilia, fubdecurrentia,: . fimplicia, graminea, lanceolata, linearia, mul- tinervia, inferne glaberrima, fuperne glauce- à betwixt lanceolate and linear, many-ribbed, Ícenti-viridia, marginibus fzpe erofis. Q' below perfectly fmooth, above of a fome- Q what glaucous green colour, the edges often X y: Q bitten. STIPUL bine, exilifime, fubulate. 9 STIPULA two, extremely fmall, and awl-fhaped. FLORES vivide purpurei, in pedunculis longis, fub- 6 FLOWERS of a brilliant purple colour, fitting fingly folitaril, cernui. on long footftalks, drooping. : C PEDUNCULI axillares, folitarii, uniflori, rariffime i PEDUNCLES axillary, folitary, one-flowered, very biflori, ereCu, fubangulati, leves, fuperne Q rarely two-flowered, upright, fomewhat an- prope florem braétea fubulata inftruéta, inter à gular, fmooth, on the upper part near the florem et bracteam teretior evadit et pu- 6 flower furnifhed with an awl-fhaped bractea, befcit. 6 betwixt the flower and the bra&ea it becomes 6 rounder and flightly downy. CALYX: PrzniawTHIUM monophyllum tubulatum, 6 CALYX: a Perranruivum of one leaf, tubular, five- quinquefidum, quinquenerve, laciniis lanceo- 0 rbbed, mouth divided into five fegments, laus acutis, inferiore longiore, ad lentem 9 which are lanceolate, fharp-pointed,the lower- hirfutulis. . mott longeft, flightly hirlute if magnified. * COROLLA papilionacea, vivide purpurea; Vexz//um ? COROLLA papilionaceous, bright purple or crimfon; ' antice parum reflexum, dorfo compreffum ; 6 the Standard{omewhat reflexed, and comprefs'd Ale fubovate, vexillo breviores, concolores; 6 on the back; Wings fomewhat ovate, fhorter Carina lemiorbiculata, tumida, dilute rubens. Q than the flandard, of the fame colour; Kee/ | Q femiorbiculate, tumid, of a faint-red colour. STAMINA: Firamenta diadelpha, fimplex et no- 9 vemfidum, aflurgentia; ANTHER«# fuübro- Q tunde, jig. 1, 2. Sig. PISTILLUM : Germen compreffum, oblongum, h- 5 PISTILLUM STAMINA: FitLAMENTS-in two ‘bodies, one and nine, rifing upward; ANTHER# roundifh, 1 es : Germen flattened, oblong, linear; neare; STvLUs planus; Sricma antice vil- Q SrvLE flat; Sricma villous on the fore lofum, fiz. 9. Q part, fg. 3. PERICARPIUM: Legumen lineare, bipollicare, pen- © SEED-VESSEL : a linear Pod, about two inches long, dulum. Q and pendulous, ° It is in paftures and among the grafly herbage on the confines of woods and hedges that this fpecies. of Lathyrus, diftinguifhed for its grafs-like foliage and bright crimfon flowers, is chiefly found; in fuch fituations « it is not very unfrequent in the neighbourhood of London: being an annual, its place of growth is liable to great variation, and it is with great difficulty found, unlefs when 1n flower, which it ufually 1s about the latter end of June;—in certain parts of the Ifle of. Shepey, we have obferved this plant fironger and in greater abundance than elfewhere. It is fometimes found with white bloffoms; Dopow.us defcribes his flowers as yellowifh, and his figure, which is not equal to moft of his others, reprefents two bloffoms on a peduncle. In its wild ftate it is more beautiful than when cultivated, its blofloms being much more brilliant; they appear alfo to more advantage among the wild grafly herbage, where they have few or no formidable rivals : the period of its flowering is of very fhort duration, and is a fufficient objection to its being cultivated for ornament. It is fcarcely poffible to gather a wild fpecimen of this plant, which has not fome of its leaves bitten on the edges; we have found this erofion to be occafionéd by a fmall oblong Curculio, of a pale-brown colour, very defiru@tive on certain lands, in the fpring of the year, to the foliage of /eguminous plants in general; in fome fprings, we have feen this infe& check the growth and greatly injure fo Jarge a plant as the common pea of the kitchen garden, and we have little doubt -but whole Clover crops are deftroyed by it juft as they come into leaf, and the Seedfman, perhaps, blamed for the badnefs of his feed ;— we are not acquainted with the hiflory of this infe&, but recommend it to the ferious attention of the agriculturift. apres Ny c dt Fare ae. MJeuafos. Jeep. / u a - ge br M yog ped ? ^u HE A; VW : st : f x f i: 4 ; N , v Ane | : P e ivy x MAD 3 dnb E j RAT. Hu Poi E jx \ ‘4 po a xn 7 / m T5 olor : / " our Ei M ^ \ - Rus P : I EK" 115.35. Ux iR XA Le al N a x i iJ [ 5 Y A Yu ^y M T , , v * ' Rc 4 r. A A : s 1 IN Toca Tar M MAS ALS QUA ^ E FEDES T ovs i Toe i TA we} "usw : x c 1 xL d of b AES : ; 21x Et H : sr T: * A E ex E : | ; er. vu Jua RS Boris I : ae n Ut ds Oe Gc oy 1 : tre MAGNIS SYREN: S ; 1 p x uw * 1 Gene QE v 3 [D a, . s * E - D i A1 . x x ah T ua : { v 4 f hs 1 à FLUR y tes : died d Ao : i ; ; E ; 5 ve \ 1 a NEA [PLE Jm Wd p*w ho $3 y CANC 4 P LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS. NanRow-LrAv'p VETCHLING, or EVERLASTING-PEA. LATHYRUS Linn. Gen, P, Diapetpuia DECANDR1A. Stylus. planus, fupra villofus, fuperne latior. Cz lacinie fuperiores. 2 breviores. Ran Syn. Gen, 29. MigRBAE FLORE PAPILIONACEO SEU LEGUMINOSA. LATHYRUS /jefris pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis: foliolis enfiformibus, internodiis membranaceis, - Linn, Syff. Vegetab. p. 663.: Sp. P/. 1033. Fl, Suec, n. 644, LATHYRUS caule alato, foliis geminis enfiformibus. Haller Hi/f. 434. LATHYRUS /lveftris. Scopo FI, Carn, p 892. LATHYRUS fylveftris major. Bawb. Pin. 344. LATHYRUS fylveftris Dodonei. Park. 1061. LATHYRI majoris fpecies flore rubente et albido minore dumetorum, five Germanicus. 7. B. II. 302. Ran Syn. p. 319. Hudfon Fl. Angl_p. 317. Lightfoot FI. Scot.. 0. 392. RADIX perennis. - i ROOT- perennial. CAULIS orgyalis, et ultra, fcandens, ramofus, alatus, STALK fix feet, or more in height, climbing, branched, ) lavis. : winged, and {mooth. FOLIA petiolata, bina, enfiformia, mucronata, fubtus 6 LEAVES ftanding on footftalks, two together, fword- trinervia, bafi glandulofa, . Ó fhaped, terminating in a fhort point, beneath MI three-ribbed, glandular at the bafe.. © LEAF-STALKS three-fided and winged. 9 TENDRILS for the moft part trifid. STIPUL/Z/E betwixt linear and lanceolate, hooked or Ó bearded at bottom. 6 FLOWER-STALKS a {pan long, fomewhat angular, i naked, and fupporting many flowers. - 0 FLOWERS growing in a bunch, from 5 to 10. 6 FLORAL LEAVES awl-fhaped. PARTIAL FLOWER-STALKS fhort, and coloured. CALYX: a PzniaNTHIUM of one leaf, fomewhat ." bell-fhaped, having five teeth and five ribs, the two uppermoft teeth fhort and bent to- wards each other, the three lowermoft ftraight and longer, jig, 1. COROLLA papilionaceous; Sranparp large, emar- ginate, rofe-coloured, faintly reticulated with veins, fig. 2. WiNcs oblong, obtufe, violet- coloured, adhering to the keel, fig. 3. Kexx of a whitifh-green colour, a little twilted, jig. 4. STAMINA: ten FiLAMENTS (nine connected, one fingle) the tenth or fingle one nearly free, oblique; Au THER x yellow. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, flattened; Srvrz bent upwards, broadeft at top; STIGMA an- teriorly villous. PETIOLI triguetri, alati. CIRRHI plerumque trifidi. STIPUL E lineari-lanceolate, bafi hamate, PEDUNCULI fpithamei, fubangulati, nudi, multi- . flori. ; FLORES racemofi, 5 ad io. BRACTE/E fubulate. PEDICELLI breves, nutantes, colorati. drooping, CALYX: Perrantruium monophyllum, fubeampanu- latum, quinquedentatum, quinquenerve, den- tibus duobus fuperioribus brevibus, incurvis, tribus inferioribus re€tis, longioribus, jig. 1. COROLLA papilionacea; VExi1LLUM amplum, emar- ginatum, rofeum, venis obfolete reticulatum, fig. 2. Ar oblonge, obtufe, violacez, carine . adherentes, fig. 3. CAR1NA ex albido-virefcens, fubtortuofa, fig. 4. STAMINA: FirAMENTA decem (fimplex et novem fidum) decimum-fubliberum, obliquum ; AN- THER flava. PISTILLUM: Germen_ oblongum, compreffum ; SrvLus furfum erectus, fuperne latior; ST1GMA antice villofum. PERICARPIUM: Lecumen fubbiunciale, femunciam fere latum, compreffum, leve, fufcum, poly- Ípermum, jig. 5. SEMINA numerola, ad 10 aut 12, fubrotunda, nigri- cantia, fig. 6. In the neighbourhood of London this fpecies 1s rare; SEED-VESSEL :; a Pon about two inches long, and nearly half an inch wide, flattened, fmooth, brown, containing many feeds, jig. 5. SEEDS numerous, from 10 to 12, nearly round, and blackifh, fig. 6. C DC OX OHKOKO XO KD OXOXOXO KO OXOXDXOOOXDOWO XO Or Or we have found it fparingly m the Oak of Honour wood near Peckham: in many parts of Kent, in the hedges by the road fides, it grows abundantly. Though greatly inferior in beauty to the Larhyrus datifolius, it has been thought fufficiently ornamental for the flower-garden, in which we frequently find 1t. It flowers in June and July; being a hardy perennial, it requires little care in its cultivation : from its fize it is rather adapted to the fhrubbery or plantation than the flower-garden. GT Hlwatds Sendo. | —bathiyres Ju uer Fb Jar. ToL by Waahs,S"Georges Goront. 3 an 1^ Omithgpus Perfumes . ^ E : é " he fal Lib + 2 1791 0 duda S Georges Odcend. (b Jan 2 1791 by Wc Yeo Jof cent ORNITHOPUS PERPUsILLUS. CoMMoN Birp’s-Foor.., ORNITHOPUS = Liwn. Cen. P Drassysdra DEGANDRIA, Legumen articulatum, teres, arcuatum. Rau Syn, Gen. 23. HERB& Fiore PariLIONACEO seu LeGuminosa. ORNITHOPUS perpujillus folus pmnatis, leguminibus incurvatis. Linn. Syff. Vegetab. ed. 14... Murr. $. 670. Spec. PL. p. 1049. ORNITHOPODIUM caule proftrato, foliis pinnatis, filiquis umbellatis, articulatis. Ha//. Hf. a. 393- 3 ORNITHOPODIUM minus. Ger. emac. 1241. ORNITHOPODIUM majus —, minus —, radice tuberculis nodofa, Baub. Pin. 350. ORNITHOPODIUM radice nodofa. Park. 1093. Razi Syn. p. 326. Birds-foot. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 9. p. 321. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 399. RADIX annua, tenuis, fibrofa; fibris longis, albidis, 6 ROOT annual, flender, fibrous; fibres long, whitifh, tuberculiferis. befet with tubercles. CAULES plures, fubpalmares, proftrati, fimplices, $ STALKS feveral, about a hand's-breadth in length, teretes, pubefcentes. proftrate, fimple, round, downy. ) LEAVES pinnated, the radical ones fpread on the ground, and ftanding on fhort footítalks, thofe of the ftalks alternate, feffile, compofed of from 6 to 9 pair of pmne, and often termi- nated by an odd one, oval, fomewhat keeled, and hairy if magnified. FOLIA pinnata, radicalia proftrata, fubpetiolata, cau- lina alterna, feffilia; foliola 6 ad 9 juga, faepe cum impari, ovalia, fubcarinata, per lentem pilofa. FLORES parvi, ex albo, rubro, et luteg pulchre va- 0 FLOWERS TR prettily variegated with white, red, regati; pedunculi ex axillis foliorum 9-5 § and yellow, peduncles proceeding from the flori, longitudine folii alae of the leaves and of the fame length, fup- porting from three to five flowers. CALYX: UwszrLA fimplex. PrRiANTHIUM mo-( nophyllum, tubulatum, pilofum, perfiftens, ¢ ore quinquedentato, fubzquali, fg. 1. : CALYX: the UwzEL fimple. The PzaiíANTHIUM monophyllous, tubular, hairy, ‘permanent, the mouth having five teeth, nearly equal, Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ( Q ( Q Q Q | gt COROLLA papilionacea: VrxirruM obcordatum, | COROLLA papilionaceous: the Sranparp obcor- Q Q Q vix emarginatum, album, venis rubris pictum, date, {carcely emarginated, white, marked jig. 2. Ar ovate, reCtm, alba, magnitu- with red veins, fig. 2. Wiucs ovate, ftraight, dine vix vexilli, fg. 3. Carina compreffa, white, {carcely fo long as the ftandard, f. 3. flavefcens, minima, jig. 4. Keex flattened, yellowifh, very minute, fg. 4. STAMINA ; Fitamenta diadelpha, fimplex et no- vemfidum, fig. 5. ANTHER4# fimplices, fla- 6. one fingle, fg. 5. ANTHER# fimple and velcentes, jig. 6. yellowith, fig.6. A STAMINA: FiLAMENTS diadelphous, nine united, PISTIL.LUM: Geren lineare, viride; Srvrvs feta- 9 PISTILLUM ; Germen linear, green; Sr vs taper- ceus, afcendens; Stigma punttum terminale, ing, afcending; SriGMA a terminal pomt, ad lentem fubcapitatum, jg. 7. forming when magnified a little head, jg. 7. PERICARPIUM: Lzcuwzw fubulatum, teres, arcu- : SEED-VESSEL: an awl-fhaped, round, bowed, jointed atum, articulatum, iftthmifque interceptum, Q Pop with crofs divifions, feparating at the articulatim difcedens, fig. 8, 9. ( joints, fz. 8, 9. SEMINA folitaria, fubrotunda, fg. 10. 9 SEEDS one in each joint, roundifh, fig. 10. HO The Ornithopus perpufillus abounds on moft of the heaths and commons near London, efpecially where the foil is gravelly or fandy. 3 It flowers from June to September. The beauty of its flowers when clofely examined, and the ftriking fimilitude which the feed-veffels bear to the claws of a bird, render it an object highly deferving of attention. dics It varies greatly in point of fize; the little knobs adhering to the roots are common to plants of the leguminous kind, At ditties i "m. "A ue 1 n A MD AC A mete vete ee ni Tp cip P ai PIPER cta edis idea or pU ple otra dated: Ui mmi oda b a ra NUDO REN acad anion Mar be P ^i ga i2 dns ub LIP IE VA 377 aM ‘ Uam dut ailavor » beet MELE ek pe Lus j ke T4... 190 Vespa p AC pv EU EN a we. P gird Pi eh Ra COR Gaba ie vdd. d a. alent at a e WK, ee BRL Jt Lu ts dex. qu re EE CARDUUS PoLvACANTHOS. PRICKLIEST THISTLE. CARDUUS. Linn. Gem PL Syncenesia PotyGamia JEQUALIS. —. Calyx ovatus, imbricatus, fquamisfpinofis. —Récegz. pilofum. Rau Syn. Gem 9g. MERBE FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO SIVE CAPITATA. | PU CARDUUS polyacantbos foliis decurrentibus margine fpinofis, ramis patulis, calycibus fubrotundis laxis, {quamis fubulatis patentibus fubinermibus. . | CARDUUS aeanthoides folis decurrentibus finuato-pinnatifidis margine fpinofis, calycibus folitariis pe^ pedunculatis ereétis villofis, Lian. Sp. P/. ed. 3. 9. 1150. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 1. 718. Facg. Ph 4 FY, Aufir, V. 8. 1. 249. polyacanthos, — Schreb. Libf. p. 15; CARDUUS crifpus. Linn. Lightfoot Scot. V.1. p. 452. CARDUUS ¢éri/pus folis decurrentibus finuatis margine fpinofis, calycibus globofis pedunculatis | folitariis erectus. Hudfon FL. Angl. ed. 2. p. 350. CARDUUS caule crifpo. f. B. 3. p. 50. Raiz Hifl. V. 1. p. 309: Syn. ed. 9. p. 194. CARDUUS fpinofiffimus anguftifolius vulgaris. Bauh. Pin. 385. ? CARDUUS fpinofiffimus vulgaris Polyacantha. | ZZeopraff. Lob. Ic. 21. POLYACANTHA Theophrafü. Tabern: Ic. 701. CARDUUS polyacanthos capitulis pluribus nutantibus ramofior. Mori/: Ox. IIT. 159: z. 11. ONOPORDON. Thiftle upon Thiflle, Ger. Herd. p. 1010. CARDUUS polyacanthos. The moft prickly Thiftle. Park. Th. p. 981. 7. 5. CARDUUS {ylveftris primus. Dod. p. 739. f. 1. Ger. emac. p. 1173. RADIX annua, fimplex, albida, pluribus fibris capil: 6 ROOT annual, fimple, whitifh, furnifhed with nume- lata. “7S Q rous fibres. CAULIS 2-4 pedalis et ultra, erectus, leviffime fulcatus, 9 STALK from two to four feet high or more, upright, hirfutus, 4-5 fariam alatus, alae laciniate, fpi- very flightly grooved, hirfute, furnifhed with nofiflimee, fiftulofus, faepe ufque ad bafin ramo- four or five wings, which are jagged and ex- fus; Rami przlongi patentes, apice flori- tremely prickly, branched, often to the bot- feri tom; Branches very long, fpreading, pro- ducing flowers at their extremities. LEAVES feffle, decurrent, lanceolate, cut into lobes, which are oppofite, {colloped, toothed, and a little curled, fpinous. on the edge, above green, beneath whitifh, and fomewhat woolly. 0 Q Q j ; FLORES mediocres, terminales, plerumque aggregati, 0 FLOWERS middle-fized, terminal, for the moft part 6 Q Q Q MC» FOLIA feffilia, decurrentia, lanceolata, incifo-lobata, lobis oppofitis, finuato-dentata, crifpatula, margine fpinofa, fupra viridia, fubtus albida, hifpido-tomentofa; purpuret, odorati, feffiles, aut breviter pedun- cluftered, purple, odoriferous, feffile or ftand: culat erecti aut fubnutantes. ing on fhort footftalks, upright or fomewhat drooping. CALYX common to all the florets, nearly round, loofe- | ly imbricated, {cales tapering to a point, fpreading, and fomewhat reflexed, flightly . . cottony, and harrmlefs. COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, as long duplolongior; Corollude hermaphrodite, fub- again as the calyx; /orets. hermaphrodite, equales, reflexa, fg. i. 1. 6 nearly equal, and reflexed, jg. 1. SEMEN oblongum, leve, pallide fufeum; leviter ftri- 6 SEED. oblong; {mooth, of a pale brown colour, flightly CALYX communis fubrotundus, laxe imbricatus, fqua- mis fubulatis, reflexo-patulis, fubtomentofis, mitibus. COROLLA compofita, tubulofa, uniformis, calyce atum, utrinque obtufum; Pappus fimplex, 6 firiated, blunt at both ends; Dew; fimple, Jig. 2. au&t. figs 3. Q jg. 92. magn. fig. 9. - "The prickly armour worn by moft -ef the Cardui, renders them a truly formidable tribe; our Northern brethren have chofen the Thiftle as an emblem of their motto, “ Nemo me impune lacefit : there is however a confiderable difference in the ftrength and number of their fpines in different fpecies, in fome they are fo few, and thofe fo fhort, and foft, that the plant may be handled with perfeét fafety ; while in others they are fo fharp, and fo completely befet every part of the plant, that it cannot even be touched without the greateft caution: of the latter kind is the prefent fpecies, which divers of the ancient Botanifts diftinguifhed by the name of polyacanthos (many fpined) aword, in its flri&t fenfe applicable to various other fpecies ; but by this expreffion they doubtiefs meant prickly im the extreme, gua/i/pinofiffimus, conformable to which is the old Englifh name of Thiftle upon Thiftle. On comparing this fpecies with all our Englifh Thittles, as they grew together in my garden, I found that the {pines in this were actually more numerous than in any of the reft, though the pa/uffris was not much inferior to it im point of number; the term, therefore, as far as regards our Englifh Thiltles, is founded in propriety. a ae E Profeffor Scureser, author of the beft treatife on Graffes the world ever faw, of the eighth edition of the Genera Plantar. of Linn &us, and of many other ineftimable treatifes in Botany and Natural Hiftory, in treating of this Thiftle, has adopted the above-mentioned name of polyacanthos; he regards it at the fame time as the acantboides of Linn aus, which name he relinquifhes, becaufe he confiders it as more properly belonging to the acanthoides of J. BAUHINE (our fenuiflorus). | This fpecies is very common in the environs of London, by the fides of roads, on the borders of fields, and under hedges, flowering from June to September: it is fometimes found with white flowers, and according to fituation is obferved to vary in fize from two to five or more feet, to be more or lefs hairy, and to have its flowers more or lefs cluftered. hes In its general appearance it approaches near to the palu/fris, with which ftudents are apt. to confound it, and from which it may be diftinguifhed in various Ways: its place of growth ferves to difcriminate it, as it affeéts dry, not moift fituations, in which alone the $a/v/fr;: is found; it 1s more branched, and the extreme flowering . branches are more bowed or bent downwards, as our figure reprefents; but this charaCter is not to be depended on folely, they being often perfectly upright, as figured by Profeffor Jacquin : the Calyx affords the moft unerring mark of diltinétion between the two, the fcales in that of the palujir7s are clofely imbricated, as in the arvenfis, acaulis, and fome others, while in the prefent plant they are loofe, much refembling thofe of the Burdock, and almoft as harmlefs ; Ray, who has defcribed it moft admirably, obferves alfo, that the flowers are more odoriferous. | We laft fummer obferved the larva of the Papilio Cardui, feeding abundantly on its foliage. In an agricultural point of view, it is fcarcely worth noticing, being an annual, and feldom abounding either in fields or gardens. s, su Cards tenuflorus. Syl Flea jeet CARDUUS TENUIFLORUS. SLENDER-FLOWER' D THISTLE. CARDUUS. Zum Gem. PL SvwoENEzsiA PotrycamiA ALQuALis. Calyx ovatus, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis. — Recepz. pilofum. Rati Syn. Gen. 9. MigRnBE FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO sIVÉ CAPITAT A, CARDUUS venuiflorus foliis decurrentibus margine fpinofis, ramis flri&is, calycibus aggregatis feffilibus oblongo-conicis, fquamis ere£to-patulis pungentibus. CARDUUS acantboides foliis decurrentibus pinnatifidis, márgine fpinofis, calycibus aggregati feffilibus fubcylindricis glabris. Lighifoot Fl. Scot. V. 1. p. 451. Greywelted Thiflle. CARDUUS acanrhordes folus decurrentibus finuato-dentatis, margine fpinofis, calycibus ovatis termi nalibus aggregatis feffilibus, fquamis acuminatis ere&iufculis. Hud/on FJ. Angl. ed. 2. Pp: 351. Welted Thiflle. CARDUUS alis caulinis latiffimis, foliis femipinnatis, pinnis angulofis, fpinofis, floribus longis, fafci- culatis. Hall, Hzff. 166. CARDUUS acanthoides, f. Baub. Hjfl. 3. p. 516. CARDUUS fpinofiffimus capitulis minoribus. P. B. Raz Hif) V. 3. p. 309. Syn. ed. 3. f. 194. Welted Thiflle with {mall flowers. : CARDUUS polyacanthos, capitulis longioribus et tenuioribus foliis albicantibus. Mori/. Hiff. 9. 5. 153. RADIX annua. — LA 0 ROOT annual. CAULIS bi-tripedalis, ere&us, bafi ramofus, ramis pau- 9 STALK from two to three feet high, upright, branch: cis, fubelongatis, ereétis, ftri€tis, teretiufculis, ; edat the bafe, branches few, long, upright, leviter fulcatis, tomentofis, maxime verfus perfectly ftraight, roundifh, flightly grooved, fummitates, alatis, alis latis, fpinofis. : cottony, particularly towards the tops, winged, . wings broad and fpinous. FOLIA caulina feffilia, decurrentia, venofa; fupra gla- ; LEAVES of the flalk feffile, decurrent, veiny, above briufcula, viridia, pilis adpreffis albidis obfita, ; {moothith; green, befet with eae ide o Nou ma SOT oe is ; yc a EE es M mM ata, dentata, fpinofa, fpinis longis, lutefcenti- 3 whitifh, .the edge {colloped, toothed, an bus; RCRUM FR Soc incifo- ; | fpinous, fpines long mud e radical lobata, lobis latis, obtufis, confluentibus. | P E Su iu aed Me 1 obes which are broad, optuie, and cioling Dy as Es .2-)cogether. FLORES in ramorum fummitatibus congefli, feffiles, ; oa = SON d x tops ce s branches, parvi, pallide purpurei, aut carnei. » elfile, fmall, of a pale purple or flefh-colour. CALYX : communis oblongo-conicus, imbricatus, fqua- i CALYX: common to all the florets of an oblong-conical mis erecto-patulis, lineari-elongatis, fpinofis, 9 | fhape, imbricated, fcales upright, fpreading bafi albidis, medio viridibus, apice in fpinas | at top, long and linear, fpinous, whitifh at 28 ed longitudine flofculorum exeunti- Q - the ss pem in FU a Es DEN bus - | | Ia». in yellow fpines the length of the florets, COROLLA compofita, tubulofa, uniformis ; Corollule © COROLLA compound, tubular and uniform; the hermaphrodite, fubzquales, ///g. 1. - Florers hermaphrodite, and nearly equal, fy. 1. . SEMINA et Pappu:s eadem fere ut in Card. Polyacanth. 5 SEEDS and Down nearly the fame as in the pricklieft Jig. 25 y - j Q Thittle, fig 1244 J. Bavuine appears to be the firft writer who accurately determined this Carduus, which he calls acanrhordes ; Ray afterwards gave an excellent defcription of it in his Hi. PA and Monrsow charaéteriftically defined it in his Hit. Oxon. Linn aus in Hiis Spee. PL ed. 3. applies J. BauniNE's name of acanthoides to a very different Thiftle, our polyacantbos, referring to it at the fame time the fynonyms of J. Bauuine, Ray, and Morison, which truly belong to the prefent fpecies (vid. fynon.) and which it.is probable Linn.wus never faw, as it is not a Swedifh plant, nor a very general European one; Mr. Ligurroor finding Linn 4us’s defcription not to accord with our plant, gave a new fpecific defcription to it, retaining the name acanthordes, and Mr. Hupson does the fame; it may therefore be expetted, that we fhould continue the term acanrhoides firft impofed, and fo far properly belonging to it, but we are too friendly to reform fo to do, conceiving that the term zenujflorus will almoft of itfelf diferiminate the fpecies, while acanchoides means comparatively nothing, we make no fcruple to change the name. ES This thiflle is à very common one in the environs of London, growing in the very fuburbs; it affe&ts warm, fheltered fituations, and is therefore moft frequently found at the foot of paling, walls, hedges, and on ditch banks, flowering from June to Auguft: Dr, GoopeNnoucu obferves to me, that he has found it to be a common plant near the fea fide, but rare in the more interior parts of the kingdom ;. this probably arifes from its being a fomewhat tender plant. It is obvioufly diflinguifhed from all our other Cardui by its upright mode of growth, by the breadth of the wings on its ftalks, whence its name of welted, the greyifh appearance of its foliage, and, above all, by its long, cluftered heads, producing fmall flowers, of a pale purple or flefh colour, little longer than the very Íharp » {pines of its calyx. ‘Size excepted, we have not found it fubje& to much variation. We often meet with fpecimens much larger, and with more numerous flowers, than is fhewn in our figure, which is not intended to reprefent the plant in its moft luxuriant ftate. The Farmer or Gardener have little or no caufe to complain of it. 3 san OPT Ph CARRS RA S TA a " Me 18 Lm it oed Me: oi as RE gn iy dom Ur i ‘ pe - adele as E d. s * iu t DEN AEN AM OULASSLERT "dk ers tene E P uis cioe 4 (n n ^ = . D n + a bs a m * d "M ] Nf * i í i ine y e * } " ; Red a) ET. 7 ; z 5s hy à S ait i. os Ge ^ v" e if " P * - H 2 2 à $ ££ i. hy * Y Shes a a, Sie : j | ie AOI 4s ^ n a i] * J ^ I d fi ^ PLA if I ji Fn 1% 4 i É A ay B Y "n 1 wee ; més ; t1 ; qo IPIS | Ji salis ‘ad Te E EIUS n (UE ce Peace ¢ r 3 9" TAI Mors Li Y A uet j^ AR 4^, BOG. qut. garder: : AT sake o Mae; y T b. h dV H X d "D due LU) MS KM gh ep ds "Vip itr Mord eal areae 3 Ad vi an} CAnRDUUS PALUsTRIS. MansH THISTLE. CARDUUS Zn. Gen. Pl. SvNGENESIA POLYGAMIA XQUALIS. Cal. ovatus, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis. Receft. pilofum. Raw Syn.Gen.9. HERB Fiore Ex FLoscuLIs FiSTULARIBUS COMPOSITO SIVE CAPITATA. . CARDUUS palufiris foliis decurrentibus dentatis : margine fpinofis, floribus racemofis ere&is, pe- dunculis inermibus. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 724. Sp. Pl. 1151. Fl. Suec. m. 720. CIRSIUM caule recto fubnudo alato, foliis femipinnatis fpinofis, calycibus molliter fpinofis. Haller Hifl. n. 170. CIRSIUM faluftre. Scopolc Fl. Carn. n. 1004. CARDUUS paluftris. Bauh. Pin. 377. Parkinf. 983. Ratt Synop. #. 194. Marth-Thiftle. Hud Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 352. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p.45 2 f. b. 19 Tud/on RADIX biennis. $ ROOT biennial. ot CAULIS quadripedalis, et ultra, ereCtus, ramofus, multangulus, pilis crebris longis albis hir- futus, alatus, fpinofus, longitudinaliter vi- ; ridi et purpureo variegatus. STALK four feet or more in height, upright, branched, multangular, hirfute with nume- rous long white hairs, winged, fpinous, va- riegated longitudinally with green and purple. LEAVES feffile, bent downwards, lanceolate, point- ed, jaggedly toothed, fegments horizontal, oppofite, together with the teeth broad and fomewhat blunt, the lowermoft tooth of each fegment crifp'd and elevated, veiny, hirfute with hairs ftanding remotely, above of a deep green colour, glaucous on the under fide, the mid-rib of a pale green colour, and extremely hairy underneath, the margin of the leaf fpinous, the fpines purplifh at the bafe and white at the extremity, the upper- moft ftalk-leaves elongated and linear at the extremity. Five or fix rows of fpinous rudiments of leaves running interruptedly down the ftalk, render it winged and fpinous. FLOWERS of a violet colour, feffile, in clufters on the top of the ftalk and branches. CALYX ventricofe, fomewhat ovate, fmooth, a little woolly, fcales lying -clofely one over the other, ovate, convex, green or purpliíh, terminated by a purple diverging mucro or point, fig. 1. magn. beneath which is a glofly linear prominence, jig. 2. COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, twice as long as the calyx; Horets hermaphrodite, nearly equal, turned back, each fingle Floreé monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, the zude very flender, whitifh ; the Zm? upright, ovate at the bafe, divided into five einen which are of a violet colour, linear, equal, one more deeply feparated than the reft, very flender, fi. 3. STAMINA: five FiLAMENTS; ANTHER& forming a cylindrical tube, longer than the corolla, of a violet colour. PISTILLUM : GERMEN ovate; STvLE filiform, longer than the flamina, of a pale violet co- lour; SticMma fimple, tapering, and naked, Abe se a S. at vr, *» FOLIA feffilia, deflexa, lanceolata, acuta, lacerato- dentata, laciniis horizontalibus, oppofitis, dentibufque latis, obtufiufculis, dente in- fimo cujufque lacinig crifpato, elevato, ve- nofa, pilis remotioribus hirfuta, fupra ob- {cure viridia, fubtus glauca, cofta pallide viridefcenti, fubtus hirfatiffima, margine fpi- nofo, fpinis bafi purpurafcentibus, apice albis, folia caulina fuprema apice linearia, elongata. Den ee ta ue ee don e e eee eerte e e Rete ay Foliorum rudimenta fpinofa ad caulem quinque et fexfariam interrupta, decurrentia, eum alatum, fpinofum reddunt. FLORES in fummitate caulis ramorumque congelti, feffiles, violacei. CALYX ventricofus, fubovatus, levis, fublanuginofus, aréte imbricatus, fquamis ovatis, convexis, viridibus aut purpurafcentibus, mucrone di- vergente purpureo terminatis, frg. 1. au£t. fub mucrone linea prominula nitida notatis, fig. 2. COROLLA compofita, tubulofa, uniformis, calyce duplo longior; Corollule hermaphrodite, fubzquales, reflexe ; Corolla propria mono- petala, infundibuliformis, £u£o tenuiffimo, albefcenti; démbo ereCo, bafi ovato, quin- quefido, violaceo, laciniis linearibus, zequa- libus, unica profundius feparata, jig. 3. eL Ve su At Moe Io re ito Nie te QE Le e rene e Ae e a Mas are anto, a nC CR e», s STAMINA: FizAMENTA quinque, capillaria; ANn- THERA cylindracea, tubulofa, corolla paulo ie longior violacea. PISTILLUM: GerMeEN ovatum; STvLus filiformis, ftaminibus longior, pallide violaceus; STIGMA fimplex, fubulatum, nudum, fg. 4. Vib Sethe weeds ale ate AT Fo aD a SEEDS 25 ds ovate, faintly angular, on one fide convex, on the other a little concave, whitifh, and fhining, fie. 5. ‘i DOWN feffile and feathery, fg. 6. # RECEPTACLE hairy and flat. SEMINA obovata, obfolete angulata, hinc convexa, inde parum concava, albida, nitida, fig. 5. ab Ue aie ae die ao T Tee ai PAPPUS feffilis, plumofus, jig. 6. RECEPTACULUM pilofum, planum. Nx On moift heaths and commons, in wet meadows, marfhes, and the boggy parts of woods, the Carduus pa- luftris is a very common, as well as a very troublefome plant ; in the latter fituation it frequently grows to the height of ten or twelve feet, and in fome very favourable fpots of this fort, acquires a height which we believe no other Briti/h herbaceous plant ever attains to. As it is a biennial, there is no great difficulty attends its extirpation—was the hufbandman as careful to weed the noxious plants from his paftures as from his corn-fields, they would foon wear a more pleafing afpe&t. As it is never found but in the fituations above mentioned, it is not likely to be miflaken for any other Thiftle ; it has ufually more purple about it than the reft of its kindred, and varies as many of the others do with white flowers—formidable as its flalks and leaves are from their numerous fpines, its heads are per- fe&ly harmlefs. - E « = — — —7À3— - : SS E - ! XS ' S NM : S 1 - SS | x : qe E x - Be t NY e : x ^B s b» $ E X Dd * * ^a : d ^ M - i ,- ! * * : = 7 3 jJ l ^ E : ' : i ; 1 ii EL. ; : va 2 2 j , pe , i - : i - 1 d ! ^" 1 E B = ^ ' b ; at 4 ; . ‘ : ' 1 * Ja " "2 Tete (ud OVUCHICI CE ee CR DUCUS ARVEN SIS: CURSED THISTLE. Linn. Gen. PL. SYNGENESIA PorvcaMiA AZQUALIS. Cal. ovatus, imbricatus, fquamis fpinofis. Receptaculum pilofum. Ram Syn. Gen. 9. HERBA FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO, SIVE CAPITATA, CARDUUS arven/is foliis feffilibus, incifis, dentatis, fpinofis ; caule multifloro; radice repente. SERRATULA arven/is foliis dentatis, fpinofis. Linn. Syff. Veg. ed.14. Murr. p. 724. Sp. Pl. 1149. FL. Suec. 715. » CIRSIUM caule angulofo, ramofo, folis femipinnatis, pinnis angulofis, fpinofis, calycibus longis inermibus. He/. Hif. 171. > CIRSIUM arvenfe, folus lanceolatis,. dentatis, fpinofis ; calycinis fquamis tomentofis, inermibus, ariftatis. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 1001. CARDUUS vinearum repens, fonchi folio. Baub. Pin. 387. Ceanothos f, viarum et vinearum repens. Park. 959. vulgatiflimus viarum. Ger. emac. 1179. Rai Syn. 194. Common Way- Thiftle, or rather Creeping-Thiftle. Hud/on FI, Angl. ed. 2. p. 349. RADIX perennis, teres, craffitie fere digiti minimi, fordide albida, profunde defcendens, repens, undique longiffime fe protendens. ROOT perennial, round, almoft the thicknefs of the little finger, of a dirty white colour, pene- trating deeply, and creeping far and wide. CAULIS tripedalis, et ultra, erectus, fubramofus, bafi STALK three feet or more in height, upright, fome- teres, lanuginofus, fuperne angulatus, levis. what branched, at the bafe round, and fomewhat woolly, above angular, and Ímooth. FOLIA feffilia, alterna, lanceolata, incifo-fubpinnati- fida, fubcompreffa, finuata, undulato-crifpata, fpinofa, fuperne levia, viridia, fubtus palli- diora, vix villofiufcula, fuprema fübintegra.. LEAVES feffile, alternate, lanceolate, cut in fo as to be fomewhat pinnatifid, the fides fomewhat preffed together, finuated, waved and curled, {pinous, above {mooth, green, beneath paler, {carcely villous, the uppermoft ones almott entire. FLORES pallide purpurei, mediocres, fuaviffime odo- rati. FLOWERS. middle-fized, of a pale purple colour, very fragrant. FLOWER-STALKS leafy, one or two-flowered, above fomewhat woolly. PEDUNCULI foliofi, uniflori, fubbiflori, fuperne fubtomentofi. CALYX communis ovatus, apice contra&tus, imbrica- -tus, {quamis numerofis, appreffis, lanceolatis dorfo acutis, apice appendiculatis, mucro- natis, purpurafcentibus, mucronibus fubre- flexis, mitibus, fir. 1. CALYX common to all the florets ovate, contracted at top, imbricated, the {cales numerous, preffed clofe, lanceolate, fharp at the back, termi- nated by a pointed appendage, purplifh, points turning a little back, and mild, fg. 1. COROLLA: «compofita, tubulofa, uniformis; Coro/- lule omnes hermaphrodite, fubzequales, mo- nopetale, infundibuliformes, zo tenuiffimo, limbo quinquefido, reflexo, laciniis linearibus, unica profundius feparata, /fg. 2. COROLLA compound, tubular, uniform, all the p cy Florets hermaphrodite, nearly equal, mono- petalous, funnel-fhaped, the se very flen- der, the limb divided into four, linear, re- flexed fegments, one more deeply divided than the reft, fir. 9. STAMINA; FiLAMENTA 5, capillaria, breviffima, alba; ANTHERA cylindracea, corolla bre- vior, ore quinquedentato, dentibus apice albis. STAMINA: five capillary Frnaments, very fhort and white; ANTHER& united into a cylin- der, fhorter than the corolla, the mouth 5-toothed, the teeth white at the tips. S d if USE ONO d CREDE v5 Nou, aas att Tia Wee ate ae a Mas, Mes, ire he Nas Mas, ote aM ua SS OO IRSE SE NES SINE CAR So 94e SHAS ANE e ALE ES TS a Be oe Ne BI ER n age FE ICE ELS e EA EE Ru E A E EL Ie ERE UL Tae Ea age ae LR a EE e Tae e E E Ree E a ast dud x D PISTILLUM: Geren ovatum, compreffum ; STv- Lus filiformis, ftaminibus longior, ex albido- rubellus; Sricma obtufum, demum bifidum. PISTILLUM: GznMzN ovate, compreffed ; Srvrx filiform, longer than the flamina, of a whitifh red colour; Sriema_ obtufe, finally bifid. SEMINA linearia, obfolete tetragona; Pappus plu- SEEDS linear, [lightly four-cornered; Down fea- mofus, feffilis, fg. 4. thery, feflile, fg. 4. te ge te pde e de BIE d eI de doe ode ode Ee ue E + RECEPTACULUM pilofum, pilis nitentibus, ig. 5. à& RECEPTACLE hairy, hairs glofly, fe. 5. S e E The feveral genera of Carduus, Cirfium, and Serratula are in many inftances fo nearly allied, that Botanifls are frequently at a lofs for a character which fhall difcriminate them; without entering at prefent into a laboured difquifition on this fubje&, we fhall only remark that to whatever genus the Ma/b Thifile belongs (already figured in this work) this belongs to the fame, if that be a Thiftle, this muft alfo be one; moreover, independent of the charafiers to be drawn from the fru&tification, every one will allow that it has more the habit of a Carduus than a Serratula, à UAT Vie ‘We have beftowed on this plant the harfh name of cu;fzd, with a view to awaken the attention of the agriculturift to its nature and pernicious effe&ts ; repeated obfervation has convinced us that many hufbandmen are ignorant of its ceconomy, and while they remain fo they will not be likely to get rid of one of the greateft pefts which can affect their corn-fields and paftures. Of the Thiflle tribe the greateft part are annual or biennial, and hence eafily deftroyed, fome few are not only perennial, but have powerfully creeping roots, and none fo much as the prefent; in pulling this plant out of the ground, we draw up a long flender root which many are apt to confider as the whole of it, but if thofe employed in fuch bufinefs examine the roots fo drawn up, they will find every one of them broke off at the end for the root paffes perpendicularly to a great depth, and then branches out horizontally under ground. To give an idea of its aftonifhing increafe, we fhall fubjoin from the*memoirs of the Bath Agricultural Society an experiment made for the very purpofe of afcertaining it *. When this paper was delivered to the fociety from experiments then made, I was of opinion that repeated mowing or fpudding would not deftroy this Thiflle, I have fince had caufe from further obfervation and experiments to thnk differently ; fo deep however does it penetrate that thefe operations are the only ones which can well be applied to its deftruétion, and if they do not effe&ually overcome, they will greatly enfeeble it. This fpecies is feen every where by. road-fides, too frequently in corn-fields, and more rarely in paftures; it flowers from fune to Augu/t. The Papilio Cardui feeds on its foliage; the ftalks are frequently disfigured by large tubercles, the effect we apprehend of a Cynips, and the leaves, efpecially on the under-fide, are fometimes obferved of a deep brown colour, as if covered with fnuff, the effect of fome difeafe, with the caufe of which we are as yet unacquainted, . It varies with white flowers, and the leaves have fometimes few or no {pines on them. * April 1ft, 1778, I planted in a garden a piece of the root of this Thiftle, about the fize of a goofe-quill, and two inches long, with a fmall head of leaves, cut off from the main root juft as it was fpringing out of the ground; by the 2d of the November following this {mall root had thrown out fhoots, feveral of which had extended themfelves to the diftance of eight feet, fome had even thrown up leaves five feet from the original root ; moft of the fhoots which had thus far extended themfelves were about fix inches under ground, others had penetrated to the depth of two feet and a half; the whole together when dug up and wafhed from the earth weighed four pounds. In the {pring of 1779, contrary to my expeGlation, this Thiftle again made its appearance on and about the fpot where the fmall piece was originally planted; there were between 5o and D young heads, which muft have fprung from the roots which had eluded the gardener’s fearch, though he was particularly careful in extracting them, 1 ; Be rl mig _ ‘ Jut WWads eat HikRACIUM UMBELLATUM. Busuy HaAWKkWEED. | HIERACIUM. Linn, Gen. PL SyNGENESIA POLYGAMIA QUALIS. | Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, fubinde calyculatus, ovatus. Pappus fimplex, feffilis. Ran Sym. Gen. 6. HERBA FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES, HIERACIUM umbellarum foliis linearibus fubdentatis {parfis, floribus fubuenbellatis Linn. Syft, Vegetab. p. 719. Sp. Pl. p. 1131. FL. Suec. 704. Hall Hif. n. 34. HIERACIUM majus anguftifolium. C/u/. Hifi. 2. p. 40. HIERACIUM fruticofum anguflifolium majus. Baud. Pin. 129. Park. 801. HIERACIUM primum. Dad. Pempr. f. 638: | | HIERACIUM Intybaceum. Ger. Herd. p. 234. f. 6. Endives Haukeweede, emac. 7. 298. f. 5. PULMONARIA angufüfolia glabra. — Pezrv. H. B. 13. 11. PULMONARIA graminea. Periv. H. B. 13.12. Rait Syn. 5. 168. Narrow-leav'd bufhy Hawk weed, Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 346. Lzgbtfoor FI, Scot. p. 439. ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres long, mofily fimple, RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris longis, finipliciufculis, : {preading on all fides, of a brown colour. undique divergentibus, fufcis. CAULIS pedalis, ad tripedalem et ultra, erectus, fo- liofus, rigidus, viridi-purpurafcens, inferne levis, fimplex, fuperne fcabriufculus, ramo- fus; faepe gibbo míigni ab infe&to quodam formato deformis. STALK from one to three feet high or more, upright, leafy, rigid, of a greenifh purple colour, ‘be- low {mooth, fimple, above roughifh and branched, often deformed by one or more tubercles occafioned by fome infeét. LEAVES numerous, placed in no regular order, fome- what upright, feffile, linear, or lanceolate- linear, more or lefs remotely and faintly toothed, fometimes perfectly entire, veiny, above {mooth, beneath roughifh, edged with minute rigid hairs, FOLIA numerofa, fparfa, ere&iufcula, feffilia, linearia aut lanceolato-linearia, plus minus remote e obfolete dentata, nonnunquam integerrima, venofa, fupra levia, fubtus {cabriufcula, mar- gine fetulis rigidis ciliata. Ww KOC CCCo CC COMO CC COME» Co OO OO OXKOXOKOOMKO 9X9 CO 0C!» O60» »€» FLORES majufculi, lutei, in pedunculis ramofis. FLOWERS rather large, yellow, on branched flower- ftalks. PEDUNCLES varioufly divided, unequal, fometimes reprefenting a fort of umbel, above flightly thickened, furnifhed with one or more leafy Ícales. PEDUNCULI varie divifi, inzequales, umbellas fpurias fubinde reprefentantes, fuperne parum incraf- fati, fquamula foliofa una alterave inftru£ti. CALYX ovate, bellying out fomewhat at the bafe, of a livid or dufky green colour, imbricated, the outer leaflets or fcales turned back. CALYX ovatus, bafi parum ventricofus, e livido aut - nigricante virens, imbricatus, foliolis exteri- - oribus reflexis. COROLLA: compofita, equalis; Conorrur her- 9 COROLLA: thegeneral one compound and equal ; the maphrodite, monopetale, ligulate, truncate, Fiorets hermaphrodite, monopetalous, ligu- quinquedentatz, jig. 1. late, truncated, and five-toothed, fs. 1. STAMINA: five capillary FiL AMENS, within the tube of the Corolla; Anrmer # forming a cylinder, of a brownifh yellow colour. STAMINA: Fitamenta 5, capillaria, intra tubum Corolle; ANTHER# in cylindrum coalite, fufco-lutee. PISTILLUM: Germen fomewhat ovate; Sryte fili- form, longer than the flamina; SriGMATA two, turned back, fs. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum; Srvrus fili- formis, ftaminibus longior; ST1GMATA duo, recurva, fig. 2. SEEDS oblong, blackith; Down fimple, feffile, yel- lowith, jig. 3. The Hieracium umbellatum grows on dry, fandy, or gravelly heaths, and in uncultivated places near London: . 3n fuch fituations, and in fuch only, we have obferved it about Hampftead, Barnet, and Charlton; in the old fand pits near the bottom of the lane leading down from Charlton-Church, on the left-hand fide, it may be found in great plenty. | f It varies in fize, from one to three feet or more; in the fmaller fpecimens the leaves are more entire, fre. quently altogether fo, and the ftalk is fometimes fimiple and uniflorous; in the larger ones the flalk is much branched, and the leaves ate more toothed, or Jagged, when cultivated in a garden, where it grows moft readily: it lofes in common with moft of the plants of the fame clafs, its natural character, and efpecially its umbellated appearance, which indeed it rarely has in perfection ; the mofl obvious character of the fpecies confifts in the narrownefs of its leaves. 7 It flowers in Auguft and September. ! ! | Its ftalks are very frequently befet with gouty tubercles of various forms and fizes, which contain within them a number of {mall maggots, in different cells, and which moft probably produce fome fpecies of Cynips. Linn £us notices its being ufed in Scania as a dye, communicating to woollen:an elegant and beautiful colour, F7 Suec. SEMINA oblonga, nigricantia; PAPPus fimplex, feffi- lis, lutefcens, fig. 3. | NN m Tz 1 rA iol ots LIUM e as vigorsbaday d Lot aiit t Mo RM air d ded. Ha NT X. TM ALE OES i ie “the atts j dS ES Pe lee A D ok 1 an iN ir e: iur V P LEONTODON Hirtrum. Dericient DANDELION. LEONTODON Linx. Gen. Pi. SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ALQUALIS. Recept. nudum. Calyx imbricatus, Íquamis laxiufculis. Pappus plumofus. Rai Syn. Gen. 6. HERBZ FLORE COMPOSITO NATURA PLENO LACTESCENTES. LEONTODON Zzrtum calyce toto ereéto, foliis dentatis hirtis: fetis fimpliciffimis. Linn, Syfl. Veg. ed. 14. .Murr. p. 715. Sp. Pl. ed. g. p. 1123. Leers Fl. Herborn. ed. 2. p. 172. HEDYPNOIS bifbidum var @ hirtum. Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 340. RHAGADIOLUS foliis femipinnatis afperrimis. Ha//er Hif. n. 7. HIERACIUM pumilum faxatile afperum premorfa radice. Baub, Pin. 128. Ra Syn. .ed. 3. p. 167. Dwarf Rough Stone Hawkweed with bitten Roots. HIERACIUM pumilum Alpinum premorfa radice. Dwarfe Mountaine Hawkweed. Pzr4. Th. d. 789.95. Among the plants of the Clafs Syzgezefia, there are fome few whofe feeds are not furnifhed with any pappus, or down, as the Lap/ana communis, and Rhagadiolus of Linn avs; in the prefent plant the feeds in the outer row are deftitute of pappus, or crowned only with a few very fhort briftles, while all the others are furnifhed in the - ufual manner. Haver, the firft author, perhaps, who noticed this appearance, confiders it of fufficient confequence to found a genus on; he therefore makes it a Rhagadiolus, a genus alfo of TounNEzrOoRrTS, united by Linn aus with the Lap/ana. Lzzns has very minutely noticed the characters in which this plant differs from the 4:/pidum of Linn aus, whofe fpecific defcriptions of the two plants are not fufficiently difcriminating; the feta, as Lzzrs has obferved, and we have found by experience, varying greatly in both fpecies, for /etis fimplicibus, we would therefore fub- flitute calycibus glabriufculis, feminibus exterioribus pappo deffitutzs, either of which chara&ers will diftinguifh them; the old Botanifts diftinCtion of radice praemoría is not to be depended on in all cafes, as it varies with . the age of the plant. When we figured in the 53d number of the Flora Lond. the Leontodon hifpidum, we had no idea that the prefent plant was a diftin& fpecies, prefuming too much on the charaéter drawn from the nodding of the peduncle, which we had found highly ufeful in afcertaining that fpecies; we confidered it as a variety merely, arifing from fituation, and fuch fhould probably ever have regarded it, had not the fingular circumftances attending the outer row of feeds been mentioned to us by a Botanift of fuperior difcernment, Dr. Benjamin Dawson, Minifter of Burgh, in Suffo/& ; on examination we found the feeds exaétly as he had reprefented them, and on comparing the two plants, found them to differ in a variety of particulars, the moft ftriking of which we {hall here enumerate. The whole plant is much fmaller, the leaves fpread more on the ground, and are of a darker colour, the flower-ftalks are more numerous, lefs upright, not only turning down or nodding at top, but frequently irregularly curled, efpecially in the young ones, befet with long crooked hairs, particularly towards the bottom, never furnifhed with fmall fquamz or leaves, the flower-buds, and flowers themfelves much fmaller in proportion to thofe of the di/pidum, more refembling thofe of the Leontodon autumnale, the uppermoft leaves of the calyx fmooth, and at the point and edges of a deep purple or blackifh colour; and that as far as we have obferved invariably, many other characters might be pointed out; but thefe it is prefumed, affifted by the figure, will be fufficient to make the plant known ; in doubtful cafes recourfe may be had to the feed, and it will not be neceffary to wait till that be ripe; the character appertaining to it will be vifible on a nice examination, even when the plant is in flower: we may add, that the two plants cultivated in the fame foil and fituation, continue widely different. Prefuming that an Englifh name for this fpecies, drawn from a circumftance leading fo immediately to a knowledge of the plant, would be fuperior to a literal tranflation of the name of Air/utum, and which 1s fo very fimilar to that of 27/prdum, we have been induced to give it that of deficzent. The Leontodon birtum is frequent on moft of the heaths and commons about town, particularly Hampftead- Heath, and Barnes-Common, where it flowers from June to Auguft. We rarely meet with the hirtum and hifpidum on the fame fpot. Fig. 1. Corollula. Fig. 1. A fingle floret. 2. Series exterior femin. pappo deft. 2. The outer row of feeds without any pappus. 3. Semen hujufmodi feorfim pofit. 3. One of the fame kind placed fingly. 4. Semen ex interior part. fl. pappo inftru&. A feed from the interior part of the flower fur- nifhed with pappus. KO Ox SICCO 2i »"deeneom. Vl ) don 2 nr “ey 3 " TS Pur lei mein a oe Spe ma c pup ee P2 — jt un h MM Hn 5r Ct " Y M zl obi vit at Boy se bo ego T) WEM Lat a yai “reg et rt T Uae, ated CHRYSANTHEMUM SEGETUM. Corn CHRYSANTHEMUM, or MARIGOLD. Linn. Gen. Pl, Synounesta PotyGamia SuPERFLUA. Recept. nudum. Pappus marginatus. Ca/, heemifphericus, imbricatus, {quamis marginalibus membranaceis, Ran Syn, Gen, 8. HERB FLORE COMPOSITO, DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPQ DESTI- TUTIS, CORYMBIFER/E DICTA, CHRYSANTHEMUM fegetum foliis amplexicaulibus, fuperne laciniatis, inferne dentato-ferratis, Linn, Syft. Veg. ed. 14. Murr, p.773. Sp. Pl. p. 1254. BELLIS lutea, foliis profunde incifis, major. Bauh, Pin. 260, CHRYSANTHEMUM fegetum, Ger. emac, 743. noftras. Park, 1370. fegetum, Rajz Syn, $. 182. Corn Marigold. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 971. RADIX annua, tenuis, perpendicularis, parum fibrofa, ¢ ROOT annual, flender, perpendicular, {lightly fibrous, albida. and whitifh, CAULIS pedalis et ultra, ere&us, ramofus, teretiuf- 4 STALK a foot or more in height, upright, branched, culus aut obfolete angulatus, glaber, nitens, nearly round or flightly angular, fmooth, glaucefcenti-viridis, cavus, in pedunculos fhining, of a glaucous green colour, hollow, continuatus. Rami breviulculi. continued into peduncles. Branches rather FOLIA remotiufcula, alterna, feffilia, femiamplexan- tia, erecto-patula, variantia, oblonga aut ob- longo-fubovata, bafi latiora, fubfagittata, fub- auriculata, nonnulla fupra bafin coar€tata, verfus apicem latiora, margine dentata, denti- bus, nunc remotioribus nunc approximatiori- bus aut laciniata, laciniis obtufiufculis, apice acuta, feepe trifida, laevia, mollia, leviter venofa, utrinque glauca, fhort. LEAVES fomewhat remote, alternate, feffile, half embracing the ftalk, betwixt upright and fpreading, variable, oblong, or oblong with a tendency to ovate, broadeft at the bafe, fomewhat arrowfhaped and [lightly eard, fome of them narrowed above the bafe, and broadeft towards the top, the edge toothed, the teeth fometimes nearer to each other, fometimes more remote, or jagged, the feg- ments a little blunt, the extremity pointed, often trifid, fmooth, foft, flightly veiny, and glaucous on both fides, dei FLOWERS growing fingly, yellow, large, FLOWER-STALKS nearly upright, hollow, thicken- ed above, one-flowered. CALYX common to all the florets, hemifpherical, im- bricated, the fcales lying clofely one over the other, ovate, greenifh, the inner gradually largeft, the innermoft ones terminated bya margin fonorous to the touch, very thin, mem- branous, torn, brownifh. COROLLA compound, radiate, —F/orezs of the difk, hermaphrodite, numerous, the length of the calyx, tubular, divided into five legments, Jig. 2. Floret: of the radius female, about 16 or 18, flat, oblong, truncated, emarginate, often three-toothed, and fcored with two im- preffed lines, fiz. 1, STAMINA in the Zermapbrodrte florets, five, capillary, very fhort FiLAMENTS of a. yellow colour; ANTHERJE Of the fame colour, forming a tubular cylinder, a little fhorter than the corolla. PISTILLUM in the hermaphrodite florets the fame ag in the female; GERMEN ovate, flattened, margin membranaceous; Sry e_thread- fhaped, longer than the ftamina, and of the fame colour; SriGMATA two, rolled back, and yellow. SEEDS oblong, obtufely truncated at each end, grooved, fomewhat angular, a little bent, of a pale brown colour, fg. 3, 4. RECEPTACLE naked, dotted, and convex. Aeiqentedestesteteqeqeqesqentetentestenteiqe qe idesqe tentent De Or 9 mt Ae 4 FLORES folitarii, flavi, magni, PEDUNCULI fubere€ti, cavi, fuperne incraflati, uni- flori. CALYX communis, hemifphericus, imbricatus, {quamis ar&e incumbentibus, ovatis, virefcentibus, interioribus per gradus majoribus, intimis terminatis margine fcariofa, tenuiffima, mem- branacea, lacera, fubfufca. COROLLA compofita, radiata; Corollule difci her- maphrodite, numerofe, longitudine calycis, tubulofe, quinguefide, fg. 9. Corollule radii feminez, circa 16 aut 18, ligulate, oblonge, truncate, emarginate, faepe tridentate, lineis duabus impreffis exarate, //g. 1. STAMINA Zermapbroditis, FILAMENTA 5, capillaria, breviffima, flava; AwTHERA cylindracea, tubulofa, concolor, corolla paulo brevior. PISTILLUM 4Zermapbroditis uti feminers ; GERMEN ovatum, compreffum, margine membrana- ceum; SrvLus filiformis, flaminibus longior, concolor; SriGMATA duo, revoluta, flava, SEMINA oblonga, utrinque obtufe truncata, fulcata, fubangulata, fubincurva, pallide fufca, jg. 3, 4. RECEPTACULUM nudum, punétatum, convexum, OSA " Nro eqs gh 64 ua a Me a, a ge age are, aee ai a Stn NG. eta, ata, gg ae vene Nose idt AMG Se e ee aote TRE Oe Ne e e Ne Ie IE BN He e e aen EN ERE de dede e AORN TR erbe eL E E ES b oh The Chryfantbemum fegetum, as its name imports, is a plant peculiar to corn fields; in the neighbourhood of London it is not frequent, but in many parts of England, as well as in other parts of Europe, in fuch foils as are favourable to its growth, it abounds to that degree as almoft to annihilate the crop fown ; hence laws have been enacted, and fines impofed, in Denmark, Saxony, and fome parts of Scotland, for the purpofe of obliging the hufbandman to keep his lands clear of it. — The weeding of corn fields from fuch incroaching plants as the prefent, either by the hand, or the weeding- hook, according to the nature of the plant, i a practice much followed in thofe countries which are beft cultivated : there 1s this fausfaction attends it, while it promotes the Farmer's intereft, it gives Pup EgPau to a ereat number of induftrious women and girls. ‘To the prevalence of this practice it is that we are indebted for one af the fineft fights a cultivated country affords, extenfive fields of corn, withouta fingle obtruding weed; and on this practice the Farmer we apprehend may place a. firmer reliance, than on the mode which LiNNEUS recommends for its extirpation, viz. by dunging the land, fuffering it to lie fallow for one year, and harrowing it five days after fowing the corn, | í ane It is not a little remarkable, that this plant fhould never have been found with double flowers; if it had, there is no doubt, but from the brilliancy of their colour, it would long fince have contributed to ornament our gardens as well: as the C. coronarium and znodorum, which are of the fame genus. - MMI. £f MUI Á VH 77 i s je [3 ACHILLEAMILLEFOLIUM. COMMONYARROW,or MILFOIL. Linn. Gen. PL SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Ly, Recept. paleaceum. Pappus nullus. Ca/. ovatus, imbricatus. Flofeulz radii circiter quinque. Ran Sym.Gen.8. HirB& FLORE COMPOSITO, DISCOIDE, SEMINIBUS PAPPO DESTI- | TUTIS, CORYMBIFERJ£ DICTA, ACHILLEA, M//efo/rum folus biptnnatis, nudis ; laciniis linearibus, dentatis ; caulibus fuperne fulcatis. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 778. Sp. Pl. p. 1267. ACHILLEA folis pinnatis, pinnis longe zqualibus, pinnatis, pinnulis trifidis et quinquefidis. Ha//. Fit. 107. Scop. PL Carn. 1095. MILLEFOLIUM vulgare. Baub. Pin. 140. Park. 699. terreflre vulgare. Ger. em. 1072. vul- gare. Rai Syn. 183. Common Yarrow, or Milfoil. Hud/on F7. Angl. ed. 2. p. 374. RADIX perennis, repens, teres, fibrillofa, cinereo albida. CAULIS pedalis et ultra, ereCtus, teretiufculus, fub- angulatus, inferne glaber, tomento tenui araneofo veliitus, fuperne fulcatus, lanugi- nofus, ramofus. FOLIA alterna, lineari-lanceolata, radicalia petiolata, petiolis canalicularibus, caulina feffilia, fub- amplexanta, fupra glabra, fubtus villofula, pinnata, pinnis oppofitis, fubovatis, multi- fidis, acutiufculis, obliquis. ROOT perennial, creeping, round, furnifhed with numerous fibres, of a whitifh afh-colour. STALK a foot high or more, upright, nearly round, [lightly angular, below {mooth, covered with a {light cobwebby down, above grooved, woolly, and branched. LEAVES alternate, betwixt linear and lanceolate, the radical ones ftanding on foot-ftalks, the foot- ftalks hollowed above, thofe of the flalk feffile, fomewhat embracing the ftalk, above {mooth, beneath a little villous, pinnated, the pinne oppofite, fomewhat ovate, multifid, lomewhat pointed and oblique. FLOWERS whiüfh, terminating in a woolly, clofe corymbus. BRACTE./E linear, entire and pinnatifid, fmallifh, placed at the radii, and peduncles of the corymbus. 3 CALYX common to all the florets ovate, downy, clofely imbricated with .ovate, concave, bluntifh fcales, having a white, membranous edge, tipt with a brown fringe, the midrib green. COROLLA compound, radiated, FLoretrs of the difk hermaphrodite, about twelve, funnel- fhaped, the length of the calyx, ;zZe dirty yellow, the limb quinquefid, the fegments ovate, pointed, rolled back, rather tranfpa- rent and whiüfh, f. 1. FLORETS of the radius female, ufually five, flat, fpreading, fomewhat round, bluntly three- toothed or faintly trifid, the middle fegment fhorter than the reft, the tube cylindrical, greenifh, ftriated, flightly downy, the length of the calyx, f. 2. STAMINA in the Hermaphrodite flowers: five, capil- lary, fhort Finamentrs; ANTHER# form- ing a yellow, tubulous cylinder, jg. 3. PISTILLUM im the Hermaphrodite and Female flowers, Germen oblong, a little flattened, fome- what four-cornered, fmooth, whitifh; Srvrg very flender, longer than the ftamina; Sric- MATA two, linear, truncated, a-little re- flexed, pellucid, jig. 4. - RU E EC CR OEC RE FLORES in corymbo terminali, lanuginofo congefti, albidt " . BRACTEJ/E lineares, integre, et pinnatifide, par- viufcule, ad radios pedunculofque corymbi. AGE te ae at E ELE Macally dene Ae a as CALYX communis ovatus, pubefcens, ar&te imbrica- tus, Íquamis ovatis, concavis, obtufiufculis, albo; membranaceis, apice fufco ciliatis-ner- vo dorfali viridi. Cs vr, COROLLA compofita, radiata; Corol/ule difci her- maphrodite, circiter duodecim, infundibuli- formes, calycis longitudine, sudo fordide lutefcente, //n£o quinquefido, laciniis ovatis, acutis, revolutis, fubdiaphanis, albidis, fig. 1. ph He pe ae ih AT ELE ae he ge AL ELE rai COROLLUL radi feminex, plerumque quinque, planz, patentes, fuborbiculares, obtufe tri- dentate, feu obfolete trifide, laciaula inter- media breviore, tubo cylindrico, viridef- cente, flriato, fubpubefcente, calycis longi- tudine, fig. 2. STAMINA Hermapbroditis: FiuAMENTA quinque, capillaria, brevia; ANTHERA cylindracea, tubulofa, lutea, fig. 3. PISTILLUM Hermaphroditis et Femineis: GERMEN oblongum, compreffiufculum, fubtetrago- num, glabrum, albidum; Srvrvs capillaris, ftaminibus longior; Srigmara duo, line- aria, truncata, reflexo-patula, hyalina, ffe. 4. ee Ae Ve tie wie ake ae ae ae ERE ade e ee as e ee ate e oe Ue de te Te ae ae The Yarrow is a plant extremely common with us in dry paftures, on ditch-banks, and by road-fides: it flowers from July to September, its bloffoms are ufually white, but are frequently found of different {hades from a pale to a deep red, the moft brilliant of which are cultivated in our gardens for ornament. Though the Yarrow conftitutes a very large part of the pafturage of this kingdom, our agriculturifts are not agreed whether to confider it as a plant to be cultivated, or extirpated, According to Linnevs’s experiments, it was eaten by fheep, horfes, and fwine; kine and goats fometimes eat, fometimes rejected it; if we are to be influenced by the predileétion which moft of thefe animals have fhewn for it, and are fatisfied with the mode in which the experiments were conducted, we fhould confider it worthy of cultivation. Mr. ANDERSON, who in general is too precipitate in his encomiums on new plants, {peaks very highly in its favour; he obferves, that though cattle do hot eat its flowering ftems, which remain, and give the patture a difagreeable appearance, they are very fond of its foliage, which as it forms a clofe pile, or as fome exprels it, a good bottom, makes it one of the molt defirable eralles (fpeaking in the language of hufbandry) the Farmer can fow his land with; but he concludes this plant feems to be altogether unfit for hay, and there- fore ought only to be fown where the field is intended for pafturage. The leaves and flowers of Milfoil are greatly recommended by fome of the German Phyficians, as mild corroborants, vulneraries, antifpafmodics, in diarrhoeas, hemorrhages, hypochondriacal, and other difeafes. They promife by their fenfible qualities to be of no inconfiderable aétivity. They have an agreeable, though weak, aromatic fmell, and a bitterifh, roughifh, fomewhat pungent tafle. The leaves are chiefly directed for medicinal ufe, as having the greateft bitterifhnefs and aufterity: the flowers have the flrongeft and moft fubtle imell, are remarkably acrid, and promife to be of moft efficacy, if the plant has really any fuch efficacy as an anodyne or antifpafmodic. The virtue of the leaves and flowers is extra&ted both by watery and fpirituous menftrua, the aftringency moft periectly by the former, their aromatic warmth and pungency by the latter, and both of them equally by a mixture of the two, ‘The flowers diftilled with water yield a penetrating effential oil, poffeffing the flavour of the Miltoil in perfeétion, though rather lefs agreeable than the flowers themfelves, in confiftence fomewhat thick, and tenacious, in colour remarkably variable, fometimes of a greenifh yellow, fometimes of a deep green, fometimes of a bluifh green, and fometimes of a fine blue: thele differences feem to depend in great mealure on the foil in which the plant is produced. Lewzs’s Mat. Med. p. 424. in fome parts of Sweden they put it to beer in a fermenting ftate to produce inebriation. Linn. F7. Suec. / / / LUI L e Ml 4 Whilla. eres heave P "EU. CENTAUREA CYANUS. Corn Brvur-BorrLE. CENTAUREA. Linn. Gen. Pi. SyNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA. Receptaculum. {etofum. Pappus fimplex. ^ Cor. radii infundibuli- formes, longiores, irregulares. Rati Syn. Gen. 9.. HERBH FLORE EX FLOSCULIS FISTULARIBUS COMPOSITO, SIVE CAPITAT&. CENTAUREA Cyanus calycibus ferratis, foliis linearibus integerrimis: infimis dentatis. Linn. Sy/. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 785. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1289. F7. Suec. 5. 776. Lightfoot £7. Scot. v. 2. p. 499. Blue-bonnets. Scot. Auft. Hudf. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 375. CY ANUS foliis imis ellipticis, dentatis, fupremis linearibus, femiflofculis latiflimis. Ha//er Hi/f. n. 191. CENTAUREA Cyanus. Scop. Fl. Carn, 2. 5. 138. CYANUS fegetum. Bauh. Pin. 273. CYANUS vulgaris. Ger. Herb. p. 592. CYANUS minor vulgaris diverforum colorum. Park. Theat. p. 481. Rai. Syn. ed. 3. p. 198. Blue-bottles. RADIX annua, fubfufiformis, lignofa, fibrofa. = CAULIS ereGüs, bi-tripedalis, fubangulatus, tomento araneofo veftitus, fiftulofus, ramofus; Ram erecti, caule altiores. FOLIA caulina alterna, feffilia, linearia, 3 ad 5 nervia, acuta, pagina fuperior alba, tomentofa, infe- rior viridis, nudiufcula, infima radicalia in adolefcenti planta multo latiora, obtufiora, et fubintegra, iis proxima plus minulve den- tata, aut laciniata. FLORES laete cerulei, inodori; Pedunculi fimplices, fuperne incraffati. communis fubrotundus, imbricatus, {quamis lanceolatis, interioribus longioribus, integris, fuperne rufefcentibus, apice fibris fufcefcenti- bus ciliatis; exterioribus brevioribus, ferratis, ferraturis reflexis. COROLLA compofita, flofculofa, difformis, Coro//z/ hermaphrodite plurime in difco, fig. 2. femine pauciores, majores, laxe in radio, fig. 1. propr. hermaph. 1-petala, tubo filiformi, obli- quo, limbo ventricofo, oblongo, erecto, ter- minato laciniis 5-linearibus, erectiuículis, femineis 1-petala, tubo tenui, fenfim ampli- ato, recurvo, limbo oblongo, inaequaliter divifo, fubplicato, laciniis lanceolatis. CALYX STAMINA JAermapbroditis: FILAMENTA 5, capillaria, breviffima; AnTHERA cylindracea, tubulata, corolla paulo longior. PISTILLUM hermaphroditis: GERMEN parvum; Srv- Lus filiformis, longitudine ftaminum ; Sric- MA obtufiffimum, acumine bifido prominens. Femineis: GERMEN minimum; STYLUS vix ullus; Stiema nullum. SEMINA Zermapbroditis loltaria ; Pappus ietaceus, JS. 3 | Kos Or O11 C D ^ OC OON CODO OX OO CO DDD. DYN! DD. DD DQ. Coo eoe CD oC Oo CDM CO D0 ' CO De DW Dt DQ Gt Qi Cx .$ ROOT annual, fomewhat fpindle-fhaped, woody, and fibrous. STALK upright, two or three feet high, fomewhat angular, covered with a kind of cobwebby down, hollow, branched; the Branches up- right, taller than the flalk. LEAVES of the flalk alternate, feffile, linear, from three to five-ribbed, pointed, the upper fide white, and cottony, the underfide green, with Ícarcely any cottony fubftance, the lowermoft radical leaves in the young plant much broader, blunter, and for the molt part entire, the next to them more or lefs toothed or jagged. : LOWERS of a bright blue colour and fcentlefs ; Flower-Stalks fimple, thickened above. ALYX common to all the florets, nearly round, imbri- cated, fcales lanceolate, the inner ones longeit, entire, reddifh above, fringed at top with little brownifh fibres; the outer ones fhorter,’ fer- rated, the teeth reflexed. COROLLA compound, flofculcfe, mifhapen; the hermaphrodite florets in the centre numerous, Jig. 2+ the female florets in the circumference fewer, larger, and loofe, jig. 1. each fingle hermaphrodite floret monopetalous, the tube filiform, oblique, the limb bellying, oblong, upright, terminating in five linear nearly up- right fegments, the female florets monopeta- lous, the tube flender, gradually enlarging and bent back, the limb oblong, unequally divided, fomewhat folded, the fegments lan- ceolate. STAMINA of the Zermapbrodite flowers: FILAMENTS five, capillary, very fhort; ANTHER« form- ing a cylindrical tube, a little longer than the corolla. PISTILLUM of the hermaphrodite flowers: GERMEN {mall; Srvrz filiform, the length of the fta- "mina; ST1GMA very blunt, with a prominent bifid point: Of the Female flowers: GERMEN very minute; STYLE Ícarcely any ; Sriema none. EDS from the Lermaphrodire florets, folitary ; Pap- pus or Down briflly, fg. 3. C S rz Few of the vegetable tribes are more hardy than the Corn Blue-Bottle; its feedling plants, which come up abundantly in Autumn, brave the fevereft frofts. The radical leaves are entire, thofe which follow ufually toothed, fometimes deeply jagged, hence foliis infe rioribus dentatis, would be more proper than z»fiz». We have reprefented a feedling plant, as it appears m the Spring; when the plant flowers, it lofes in common with many others its radical leaves, and with them part of its fpecific chara&ter. It grows abundantly in moft of our corn-fields, which it enlivens by the brilliancy of its flowers during the months of June and July: the hufbandman views it as a pernicious weed requiring his greateft care to eradicate, as it is not only very injurious to his corn, but blunts the fickles ufed in reaping it, whence its name of 2urz- Jfeckle found in fome old authors. Though a troublefome weed, agriculturally confidered, the beauty of its flowers has recommended it to the, garden, in which it is now regularly fown, as an ornamental plant, with other annuals, and appears with a great diverfity of colours. i A fine blue for colouring is faid to have been extracted from the bloffoms of this plant; we fhould ftrongly füfpe& the durability of colour fo obtained: the blue ufed by my artifls in colouring its outermoft petals is called azure blue, and may be had, by fuch as find a difficulty in obtaining good colours, of Mr. WirriAM Graves, Newington, Surrey, principal colourer of this work, whofe unwearied care to do juftice to his employer, has contributed not a little to advance the reputation both of the Flora Londinenfis and Botanical Magazine. - Sg TORIS XN ds "i [n |o dr Ww ES a? i T TE r Y: T. * ha 4 SLOTS Hip rt Cot 4: SJ abet S cA ae j Se T^ NE: ANN lest : FG Ing s fn ^ CPU rd Br Kn. à xu dis eke? oe Bey on LosELIA Urens. Acrip Lope ia. LOBELIA. Linn. Gen. Pl. Syncenzsta Monocamia. Cal. 5-fidus, Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. Caf infera, 9.f. 3-locularis. LOBELIA zrezs caule ere€tiuf{culo foliis inferioribus fubrotundis crenatis, fuperioribus lanceolatis ferratis, floribus racemofis. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3... 1321. Mant. p. 482... LOBELIA caule ere&o, foliis lanceolatis fubdentatis, fpica laxa longa terminali. Loeff. zt. 167. LOBELIA foliis oblongo-ovatis, floribus laxe fpicatis. Gwezz. Stamp. 1. 9. 35. Dalib. Parif. 268. RAPUNCULUS galeatus blefenfis f. folonienfis flore violaceo minore. Mori/: Hf. 2. p. 407. f. 5. f. 5. J- 56. RAPUNTIUM urens folonienfe. Mori/: &eff. 300. Boce. fic. 20. f. 14. var. 11.3. Ram Hjff. 746. ... Mennzer Obf. 191. DRABA flore caeruleo galeato. Baeub. Prodr. 59. Pim. 110; Planta, laCtefcens, laevis, acris. Q The plant milky, fniooth; and acrid. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. ROOT perennial, fibrous. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branched, angular. Q CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, ereétus, ramofus, an- gulofus. 6 Q Q 7) RAMI ad{cendentes, tetragoni. RANCHES afcending, four-cornered. B FOLIA alterna, feffilia, fubdecurrentia, inferiora ob- 6 LEAVES alternate, feffile, fomewhat decurrent, the 2 d ‘longa, obtufa, bafi anguftata, varie dentata, 9 lowermoft oblong, obtufe, narrowed at the apice fzepe trifida, fuperiora lanceolata, denti- ; bafe, varioufly indented, often trifid at the culata. Ó point, the uppermoft lanceolate, finely toothed. F LORIS violacei, inodori, numerofi, fecundi, race- à FLOWER violet-coloured, fcentlefs, numerous, grow- mofi. 2 ing to one fide in racemi. RACEMI femipedales, ereéti, bra&teati. : RACEMI about fix inches in length, upright, furnifh- =o ed with bractee. . BRACTE® inferiores lanceolate, denticulate, apice ; BRACTE, the lowermoft lanceolate, finely toothed, tricornes, fuperioris fubulate, omnibus ad 9 terminating at top in three little horns, the lentem {cabriufculis. uppermoft awl-fhaped, all of them appear- ing rough if magnified, FLOWERS ufually fingle, on peduncles, peduncles fhort, furnifhed on each fide at the bafe with an awl-fhaped ftipula tipped with red. FLORES plerumque folitarii, pedunculati,, pedunculis. brevibus, ftipula fubulata rubro terminata ad bafin utrinque. CALYX: aPzRiANTHIUM placed above the ger- men, continuing, divided into five fegments which are fubulate and fpreading, the upper- moft a little longer than the others, flightly — hirfute if magnified, jig. 1. CALYX: PrRiANTHIUM fuperum, perfiflens, quin- quepartitum, laciniis fubulatis, patentibus, fuprema ceteris paulo longiore, ad lentem hirfutulis, fg. 1. CO COM COCOA COM Qi x COROLLA monopetala, ad lentem villofula, tubulofa, 2 COROLLA: monopetalous, flightly villous if magni- tubus calyce duplo longior, fuperne longitu- fied, tubular, tube twice the length of the dinaliter divifus; Lizmbus quinquepartitus, bi- calyx, longitudinally divided above; Limd labiatus ; labium inferius tripartitum, laciniis deeply divided into five fegments, two-lipped; ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, dependens, tu- under lip tripartite, fegments ovato-lanceolate, berculis duobus albis in fauce notatis, fupe- long-pointed, and depending, at the entrance rius bipartitum, laciniis anguftioribus, erectis of the throat marked with two. white tu- remotis, paululum recurvis, jig. 2. bercles, upper lip bipartite, fegments nar- rower, upright, remote from each other, and fomewhat bent back, jy. 2. 3 STAMINA: five Firaments, of a white caleun, united together above; ANTHER& of a brownifh black colour, with grey hairs on their edges, jig. 3. STAMINA: FirAwENTA quinque, alba, füperne con- nata; ÁNTHER e fufco-nigricantes, pilis ad margines canefcentibus, fg. 9. PISTILLUM : Gzrmewn below the calyx, grooved ; Srvrz filiform, the length of the flamina, a little thickened above; Sticma obtufe and villous, jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, fulcatum; Stytus - filiformis, longitudine ftaminum, fuperne paulo ' craffior; Stigma obtufum, villofum, ji. 4. The Lobelia urens is one of our native plants which it has fallen to the lot of very few Englifh Botanifts to fee, either wild or cultivated, its place of growth being altogether local and confined to a part of the ifland comparatively but little frequented by Botanifis; in France and Spain it is more common: for more than twenty years we were anxioully defirous of obtaining this plant; once we had the mortification of travelling in a flage coach clofe by the fpot where it was faid to grow: our wifhes were at length gratified by the kindnefs of the Right Hon. Lord Wza5 Szvwoun, who two years fince fent us up roots and fpecimens, accompanied with a letter, which, as it defcribes minutely its place of growth and other circumflances, we have taken the liberty to add to our account of this plant. ^ | i: * Dradley- Houfe, * Bradley-Houfe, October 18, 1706. nn rastey cui o 79 * Before the arrival of this, you will probably have received a box containing fome fpecimens of the Lobelia urens, which I fent from Axminfter yefterday morning by the coach. I was difappointed in not finding a * fingle plant in flower, having found it laft year on the 10th of O&ober in the higheft perfe&ion; this difference can only be attributed to the forwardnefs of the laft fpring, and the backwardnefs of the preceding. one. It grows in a poor gravelly foil, on the flope of a heath, called Kilmington-Hill, from the parifh in _ which it is fituated, and about two miles from Axminfter. It is here confined to a fpot, not exceeding half an acre, clofe to the road, and about fifty yards from the entrance of the heath, on the right-hand fide in going from Axminfter to Honiton. I have been thus particular in the defcription of the place, as I fearched for.it in feveral other parts of the heath (which is extenfive) without finding a fingle plant. It is furrounded by Ulex europeus, Erica vulgaris, cinerea, and tetralix, Betonica officinalis, and Serratula tinétoria, all in a * dwarf ftate, and thrives beft when a few inches of the ftem are clofely covered by other plants. A, © [ remain, S I R; * Your obedient humble Servant, “WEBB SEYMOUR. The roots fent, being planted. in pots, grew readily, and flowered the enfuing autumn; from the leaft luxuriant of thofe our drawing was made: it will be found more branched than the plants ufually are on Kilmington-Hill; but not more fo, we prefume (if we may judge from figures) than the plant is when found wild in other places. | The name of wrens has been given to this fpecies from its hot and burning tafte, not from any flinging quality ; it certainly is a very acrimonious plant: the leaves foon after being chewed, excite confiderable heat in the mouth, attended fometimes with ficknefs: Mr. SvybpgNHAM Epwakps, my draughtfman, to whofe ingenuity I am under great obligations, and who has acquitted himfelf fo honourably and meritorioufly towards me, having handled a branch of this plant broken off from the main ftem, and afterwards rubbed his eyes flightly, had a violent pain and temporary inflammation excited 1n them thereby ; which however foon went off, on wafhing them with cold water. As a rare plant, and indeed as an ornamental one, this fpecies is deferving of culture; it may be raifed without any great difficulty from feeds, or increafed by parting its roots, which are perennial, not biennial or annual, as authors have made them. | o NIS QN. dos E. ‘ie 2 T "T. v Rx Tea e ue gd dm amie dier nt ' i | i M ps Opurys FucirkRA, GaEkEN-WiNGED OPHhys. OPHRYS. Linn. Gen PL GyNANDRIA DIANDRIA. Nectarium Tubtus fubcarinatum; Rai Sym. Gen. 96. "HERBA RADICE BULBOSA PR EDIT A. OPHRYS aranifera bulbo fubrotundo, {capo foliofo, nectarii labio fübrotundo integro emarginatd convexo. Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 392. ! OPHRYS = injfedlifera var.9 Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1343: -ORCHIS fucum referens colore rubiginofo. Bau. Pin. p. 8g. Vaill. Par. f. 146. 2 S3. dr n.a. Tourn. Inff. t. 247. CC. ; ORCHIS five Tefticulus fphegodes hirfuto flore. ¥. B. I1. 767. Rai Syn. ed. 3. p. 980. Humble Bee Satyrion with green wings. — ^ - TESTICULUS vulpinus 2 fphegodes. Humble Bee Orchis. Ger. emac. p. 212. fi 3. ORCHIS Sphegodes five fucum referens, The greater Drone Bee flower. Park. Th. p. 1950. as to | the fig. but not the defer, | RADIX bulbi duo, fubrotundi. ROOT two roundifh bulbs. STALK fix inches high, fhorter or taller according to its place of growth, round, fmooth, co- vered below with leaves embracing it. CAULIS femipedalis, humilior elatiorve pro ratione loci, teres, levis, inferne folus vaginantibus veftitus. LEAVES next the root an inch and a half long, al- moft an inch broad, ovato-lanceolate, fome- what blunt, marked with impreffed lines, fmooth, expanding on the ground, thofe of the ftalk few, narrower, and more pointed. LOWERS from 3 to 6, in a thin fpike. FOLIA radicalia fefunciam longa, unciam fere lata ovato-lanceolata, obtufiufcula, lineata, laevia, fupra terram expanfa, caulina pauca anguf- tiora et acutiora. ? bey FLORES 3—6 in fpica rara. COROLLA: PzTALA 5, pallide viridia, rria exteriora majora, longitudine labelli, horum duo op- pofita, ovato-lanceolata, obtufa, fubincurvata, fuprema anguftata marginibus revolutis; duo znteriora breviora, lanceolata, erecta, aut pau- lulum recurvantia, apice plerumque fubtrun- cata: fg. 1, Label/um fuborbiculatum, inferne concavum, fuperne convexum, lateribus de- flexis, primo purpureo-fufco vivide colora- tum, mox flavefcens, in medio macula literam Hebraicam M quodammodo referente fzepius notatum, in diverfis floribus diverfa, ut in icone exprimitur, villis denfis obfitum, pre- fertim ad latera, ubi plerumque prominet, maculis exceptis, quae nude nitideque funt. Q OROLLA: 5 Perats of a pale-green colour, the three outermoft laxgeft and the length of the labellum, of thefe the two oppofite ones are ovato-lanceolate, obtufe, bent fomewhat in- wardly, the uppermoft one narrowed, with the edges rolled back, the so znaermof fhorter, lanceolate, upright or .bent a little back, generally fomewhat truncated at the tip: Jig. 1, the Laée//um nearly orbicular, below concave, above convex, the fides bent down, at firft of a bright purple brown colour, foon changing to a yellowifh hue, marked in the middle with a fpot confiderably refem- bling the Hebrew letter r, differing however in its form in different flowers, as 1s expreffed in the plate, covered thickly with fhort hairs, efpecially at the fides, where it for the moft part projects, the fpots excepted, which are {mooth and glofly. STAMINA: two FiLAMENTS of a whitifh colour; ANTHER £ club-fhaped, fc. 2, yellowifh, the cafes in which they are contained, fy. 9, open through their whole length, their edges membranaceous, and near the top, fo traní- parent that the colour of the anthere is feen. through them. PISTILLUM : Sriema concave, purplifh, marked on each fide with a greemíh gland, fg. 4. STAMINA: FitamMenta duo, albida; AnTHER& clavate, fiz. 2, flavefcentes ; thecae in quibus continentur, fg. 3, per totam longitudinem aperte, marginibus membranaceis, fuperne fubdiaphanis, ubi color antherarum tranf- paret. PISTILLUM: Sr:GMA concavum, purpurafcens, utrinque glandula virefcente notatum, jig. 4. The Ophrys arachnites, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. a variety of his znfetifera, comprehends to our certain knowledge three perfeéily diftin& fpecies, viz. 1. Orchis araneam referens, Bauh. Pin. 2. Orchis fucum referens colore rubiginofo, Baub. Pin. -— 9: Orchis fucum referens major foliolis fuperioribus candidis et purpurafcentibus. Baub. Pin, Of thefe plants Linn aus appears to have had a very imperfect knowledge; and Hatter, who particularly directed his attention to the Orchidez, feems either not to have known, or to have confounded them; the fame may be faid of Murray and GMELIN, in neither of whofe editions of Linn us is our fucifera or apifera enumerated: VaiLLANT in his Botan. Parif. gives a very juft reprefentation of the flowers of the three fpecies, all of which are natives of France, and by thofe reprefentations may be faid to have firft clearly afcertained them; for the figures of the older authors want the neceffary accuracy. Of the arachuites, an excellent print, for the time in which it was executed, is given in the Hortus ly/fetrenfis, a library of itlelf, and to which one cannot but regret that Linn Eus has fo few references; an accurate figure and delcription of it is alfo given by Harrzn, in his Hf. Surp. Helv. Hitherto, this plant, common to Switzerland, and many parts of Europe, has not been difcovered wild in this country; a plant of it in full bloom, and in great perfection perfection at this prefent time, June 1, 1794; 1s the pride of my garden at Brompton: this muft be regarded as the true aracbzes of Linn aus, fince it is indifputably the fame as the one figured by VaiLraNwr, to which he refers, and the Orchis araneam referens of C. Baunine, to which he alfo refers ; indeed as fuch it is admitted by Profeflor Murray, in the 14th edition of the Sy/fema Vegetab. with a fuitable fpecific defcription according with that of HaArrLEm. -It is evident that Mr. Hupsow, when he gave to the fpecies here figured, the name of aranifera (a term fynonymous with that of arachnites) and which he was the firft to. defcribe fpecifically in the Linnean flyle (though Ray in his 5yzop//; had pointed out its flriking charafter) regarded the arachnites of Linnzus and the $ variety of it as the fame fpecies, from his referring to two different figures in VaiLLANT for his plant; this he ought not to have done, but following Linn aus’s reference to Bauuine, have felected the term fucifera, which we have been under the neceflity of domg, rather than be fubje&t to the confufion arifing from having two different plants called by fynonymous terms. Our plant is the Ophrys, commonly known in this country by the name of the Bee Orchis with green, wings, the petals being altogether of an herbaceous colour; while in the apzfera, already figured, three of them are pale purple; as they differ in colour, fo do they alfo very materially in fhape, and as thefe differences are invariable, any other mark of difcrimination is almoft fuperfluous, yet we may obferve, that they flower at two very different periods, the fucifera has fometimes been found in mild feafons in bloom as early as March, in late ones in May, while the apzfera rarely flowers till the end of June or beginning of July. Some authors have fancied that the flowers of this plant bore a refemblance to a, bee or a fpider, it muft be confeffed that much of this fimilitude depends on the imagination; others have difcovered a more real likenefs to a {mall bird in each flower: this appearance will be obvious to our readers on infpeéting the plate. When a trifling likenefs of this fort has occurred in plants, or animals, the old authors generally improved on it; even Tournerort’s figure of this part of our plant is fomewhat owsré in this refpect. In this fpecies the ne&tary, which at firft is of a bright and very rich brown colour, foon changes to a faded yellow green; when the flowering is over, the petals incline forward, and clofe over the neétary. "Though the Opbr. apifera is found abundantly near London, this fpecies has not yet been obferved equally near; we have feen it growing, though very fparingly, in the chalk pits near Leatherhead ; in the neighbourhood of Bury, in Suffolk; alfo, about Cambridge it 1s found fome years in great abundance:. from the former place we have been favoured with roots of it by Sir Tu. G. Curruw, Bart. and from the latter by Profeffor ManTYN, and the Rev. J. Daviszs, of Trinity-College: it has been obferved alfo in various other parts of the kingdom, Such as delight in the culture of flowers will be pleafed to find, that with a little attention and management they may fucceed in making this plant grow and flower with them more freely than many of the tribe; we recommend to them the following method, which we have found fuccefsful : take up the roots carefully when in flower, bare them no more than is neceffary to remove every other kind of root about them, fill a large- fized garden pot with three parts choice loam moderately ftiff, and one part chalk mixed well together and paífed through a fieve fomewhat finer than a common cinder fieve, in this mixture place your roots at about the depth of two inches, and three inches apart, water them occafionally durmg fummer if the weather rove dry, at the approach of winter place your pot in a frame under a glafs to keep them from wet and froft, which combined deftroy the beauty of the foliage, if not the plant itfelf ; in the autumn, before any of the others make their appearance, you will perceive.the leaves of this fpecies emerge, much fooner indeed than might be expected, . ME mage Orcuis Bironra, BurrERFLY Orcuis. ORCHIS. Linn. Gen. Pl. GywNÁNDRIA DiANDRI1A. Neéfarium cornu referens pone florem. Cor. ringens. Rai: Syn. Gen. o6. HERB. RADICE BULBOSA PRADITA. ORCHIS 4zfo/ia ne&arii labio lanceolato inteberrimo, cornu longiffimo, petalis patentibus. Linn. yf. . Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 808. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1331. Scop. Carn. ed. 2. n. 1102. Hudf. Ff. Angl. ed. 2. p. 382. Fl, Dan. t. 235. | ORCHIS radicibus oblongis, labello lineari, Ha//, Hi, 7. 1285. t. 35. ^ ORCHIS alba bifolia minor calcari oblongo. Bawh. Pin. 83. ORCHIS fphegodes / Tefticulus vulpinus primus. Park. 1351. 7. HERMAPHRODITICA. Bees Satyrion. Ger. Herb. p. 162. fig. 1. ema. p. T ids TESTICULUS pfycodes. Gnat Satyrion. Ger. emac. p. 211. UE oe ORCHIS hermaphroditica bifolia. ¥. B. II. 772. Ram Syn. ed. 3. p. 380. Butterfly Satyrion. RADIX: bulbi duo, majufculi, ovati, inferne acumi- 0 ROOT : two bulbs, fomewhat large, ovate, terminating nati. i below in long points. — CAULIS pedalis, et ultra, foliofus, levis, hexagonus, 9 STALK a foot or more in height, leafy, fmooth, fix- nervis tribus e fingulo folio decurrentibus. i angled, three ribs running down from each Ó leat. FOLIA radicalia plerumque duo, oppofita, ovalia, i LEAVES of the root ufually two, oppofite, ovate, labra, nervofa, obtufiufcula; caulina lan- 0 fmooth, ribbed, fomewhat blunt; thofe of ceolata, feffilia. i the ftalk lanceolate and feffile. FLORES numerofi, ex albido-lutefcentes, odorati, à FLOWERS numerous, of a yellowifh-white colour, in fpica longa laxiufcula difpofiti. 6 fweet-fcented, difpofed'in a long and fome- Ó what loofe fpike. Qr * BRACTE longitudine germinis, lanceolate, folis caulinis fuperioribus fimillime. © FLORAL-LEAVES the length of the germen, lan- , ceolate, very like the uppermoft leaves of the ftalk, COROLLA: PETALA quinque, tria fuperiora conni- § COROLLA: five PETALS, the three uppermoft clofing ventia, fuprema cordata, obtula, incumbens, 6 : together, the uppermoft one cordate, obtufe, planiufcula, marginibus reverfis, duo lateralia 6 — incumbent, flattifh, the edges reverfed, the lanceolata, fibi invicem verfus curvata, trun- two fide ones lanceolate, bent towards each cata, duo inferiora majora, alarum inflar ex- 0 other, truncated, the two lowermoft larger, panfa, ovata, acutiuicula; La5e//um dependens, Q expanded like wings, ovate, and fomewhat Q 0 Q 0 0 Q alis longior, fublineare, antice convexum, Q | pointed; Lip dependent, longer than the poftice concavum, obtufum, inferne virefcens, ^ wings, fomewhat linear, convex on the fore jig. 1. Calear germini duplo fere longior, part, concave behind, obtufe, on the lower melliferum, diaphanum, tenue, verfus apicem 6 | part greenifh, fg 1. Spur almoft twice the virefcens, comprefliufculum et paulo dila- tatum. length of the germen, honey-bearing, tranf- parent, flender, towards the tip greenifh, flattened a little, and fomewhat fpreading. HOO STAMINA: FitLAMENTA duo, remota; ANTHERE Ó STAMINA: two FiLAMENTS, fituated remotely from , flavefcentes, fig. 2. . each other; ANTHER& yellowifh, jg. 2. vx PISTILLUM: Germen longitudine braftee, tenue, 0 PISTILLUM: GznMzN the length of the braétea, tortuofum, profunde ftriatum, — Q flender, twifled, deeply ftriated., This fpecies of Orchis has obtained the name of Z//o//a, on account of its radical leaves being ufually two in number, and placed oppofite to each other; but this character is not perfectly to be relied on, as three are frequently met with, nor are thofe radical leaves fo flrictlly oppofite to each other as fome authors have reprefented them, or as they are in. the Ophrys ovata; the Englifh name of Buzerfly Orchis is Ícarcely warranted by the appearance of the flowers. If not fo common an Orchis as fome, it is much more fo than others, being found generally throughout the kingdom in woods, paftures, and heaths, efpecially in fois fomewhat {tiff and moift; in the frit of thefe fituations it is by far the moft luxuriant, in the latter it is frequently fo dwarfifh as to be regarded as a variety ; the lip of the ne&ary is alfo found to vary confiderably in length in different fpecimens. It is obvioufly diftinguifhed from others of the genus by the colour of its bloffoms, the extreme length of its fpur, the delicious fragrance of'its flowers, diffufed moft in the morning and evening, and which may vie with that of the honeyfuckle; but, above all, by the unufual ftru&ure of its flowers: below the fligma (remarkably well defined in this fpecies) there is a circular foramen, fig. 2. between the cavities containing the flamina, juft above the ftigma, is a very confpicuous ridge, fi. 9. the cafes containing the flamina, are placed widely diftant from each other, and foon change to a brownifh hue ; the flamina are very loofely placed within them, and drawn out with the flighteft touch; the antherz are club-fhaped, and divided as in moft others ; the gland at the bafe of the filament is of a circular form, with a cavity on its inner fide, fg. 7. and a kind cf jointdike projection on its outer part, fig.6. difficult to defcribe ;—taken altogether, this part is wonderfully curious, and deferving of attention. | This fpecies is not fo difficult of culture as many others; and, asits roots are large, it appears to be as well calculated for the formation of falep as any other, ‘ eX puri ee ; UP A ML rm VRE A A oy 80:1. eet Con Srl t JY VERT A tont NS AT HIN E Orunvys ANTHROPOPHORA. MaN OrHnvs. OPHRYS Linn. Gen. P/. GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA. NeGartum fubtus fubcarinatum. Raii Syn. Gen. 26. Hrgn2& BurBosis AFFINES. OPHRYS anrhropophora bulbis fubrotundis, elongato bifido. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 390. ORCHIS radicibus fubrotundis, fpica longa, flore inermi, labello perangufto quadrifido. 4. 1204. ORCHIS anthropophora oreades. Co/, Ecph. Linn. Syfl. Vegetub. {capo foliofo, neétari labio lineari tripartito: medio ed. 14« Murr. p. 814. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1343. Hudy. Hall. Hift. 1. 920. Raz. Sym. ed. 3. p. 979. Park. 1348. 7. ORCHIS flore nudi hominis effigiem reprefentans famina. Baub, Pin. 9. 82. Vaill. Par. p. 147. 1. xxxi. Jig. 19, 20. RADIX bulbi duo, oblongi, odorati. SCAPUS pedalis et ultra, foliofus, teres, glaber, fa- perne fubangulofus. FOLIA radicalia in florente planta ere&tiufcula, ovato- oblonga, obtufiufcula, glaberrima, palhde viridia, caulina pauca, anguftiora. FLORES numerofi conferti, luteo virefcentes, in fpica fubpalmari. BRACTE.JE lanceolato-acuminate, virides, germine breviores, jig. 1. COROLLA: PzrALA quinque viridia, in galeam con- niventia, fg. 9, 4. tria exteriora ovata, ob- tufa, margmibus rufis, duo interiora-linearia : Ne&lariz labellum petalis longius. dependens, flavefcens, in quibufdam penitus rufefcens, tripartitum, laciniis linearibus, lateralibus fub- divergentibus, intermedia elongata bifida, Jig. 5, 6, paulo infra fligma quod profunde excavatum eft, dua funt glandule pellucide, nitide, valde confpicue. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA 2 breviffima; ANTHERA flave, fig. 7. PISTILLUM: Germen teres, viride, tortuofum, jig. 2. 6 ROOT two oblong bulbs, odoriferous. ¢ STALK a foot or more high, leafy, round, {mooth, c flightly angular above. LEAVES next the root in the flowering plant nearly upright, ovato-oblong, fomewhat obtufe, perfectly fmooth, of a pale green colour, thofe of the ftalk few and more narrow. FLOWERS numerous, growing thickly together, of . a yellowifh green colour, in a fpike about a hand's-breadth in length. | Com OOS LOLOL LOO Xe» j FLORAL-LEAVES lanceolate, tapering to a point, green, fhorter than the germen, jig. 1. COROLLA: five PETALS, of a green colour, clofing fo as to form a hood, jig. 3, 4; the three outer- moft ovate, obtufe, their edges reddifh brown, the two innermoft linear: the lip of the nec- tary longer than the petals, hanging down, yellowifh, in fome wholly reddifh brown, di- vided into three fegments, which are linear, the fide ones diverging fomewhat, the middle one elongated and bifid, jig. 5, 6; a little be- low the figma, which is deeply hollowed out, are two pellucid fhining glands, very con- fpicuous. STAMINA: two FirAMzENTS very fhort; ANTHER& yellow, jig. 7. 6 PISTILLUM: Germen round, green, twifted, fig. 2. OOO OLS LOO LOLOL OLS LOLOL OOOO LSS The flowers of this fpecies have been confidered as bearing fome fimilitude to the effigies of a man, whence its name: the old authors in their figures of it have improved on this refemblance, at the expence of truth. Vid. PARKINSON, and others. It is a plant common to the more fouthern parts of Europe, and is found chiefly on calcareous foils, with us principally in dry paftures and old chalk pits, in fuch fituations it 1s one of the moft common of the tribe in Kent; we have found it alfo plentifully in the chalk pits about Leatherhead and elfewhere. It varies in fize, and in the colour of its flowers, from yellow green to bright ferruginous; flowers in May and June, and is more eafily cultivated than many others of the fame genus. The root, and indeed the whole plant, emits a ftrong odour. A E. ae re = E ‘ dae es Ll hades MAGA mhi x i "m M [ z. * Ld 7” Y^ wl — 5 "eje 4 OrRcCHIS FUSCA. GREAT ORCHIS ORCHIS. Linn. Gen. PL Gynanpria DIANDRIA. NECTARIUM cornu referens pone florem. Cor. ringens, Rau Syn. Gen. 26. Herp BULBOSIS AFFINES. ORCHIS fu/ca bulbis indivifis, ne€tarii labio quadrifido: laciniis oblongis, cornu brevi, petalis . ' confluentibus. Lina. Syff. Vegeta. ed. 14. Myrr. p. 809. Facg. Fl. Aufir. v. 4. p. 4. f. 907. ORCHIS militaris Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1994. .var. f. ORCHIS radicibus fubrotundis; fpica longa; labello quadrifido, brachiolis anguftis, crufculis latis ferratis. Hall. Hifl. Helv. n. 1976. t. 31. ; ORCHIS magna, latis foliis, galea fufca feu nigricante. 7 B. IL $. 759. Raz Syn. ed. 9. p. 378. 2040/97 ORCHIS militaris major. Tourn. Inf. R. Herb. 492. Vaill. par. 1. 31. f. 27, 28. RADIX: Bulbi duo, oblongi, magni. . Q ROOT two, oblong, large Bulbs. FOLIA caulina inferiora ovato-oblonga, obtufiufeula, 9 LEAVES: thofe on the lower part of the ftalk ovato- a duabus ad tres uncias lata, glabra, lineata, oblong, a little blunt, from two to three in quibufdam fpeciminibus tranfverfe rugofa, 9 inches broad, gloffy, fcored, in fome fpeci- laete virentia, fuperiora angufliora, caulem $ mens tranverfely wrinkled, of a lively green obvolventia. 6 colour, the uppermoft leaves narrower and 6 furrounding the ftalk. Ó STALK a foot, two feet, and fometimes more in height, upright, round, fmooth, green below, urple above. FLORES numerofi, in fpica longa, ovato-cylindracea, 9 FLOWERS numerous, placed clofe together, one imbricatim denfe collocati. : over the other, in a long fpike, betwixt ovate and cylindrical. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, et ultra, erectus, teres, levis, inferne viridis, fuperne purpureus. KO» 0G BRACTE& perbreves, vix longitudine calcaris nec- tarll, ovato-acuminate. COROLLA: PrTALA 5 in galeam conniventia, tria exteriora ovata, acuta, obfolete 3-nervia, concava, punctis exfufco-purpureis confluen- tibus notata, duo interiora multo anguftiora, oblonga, verfus apicem paululum dilatata, pallidiora, puntüs purpureis etiam notata, BRACTE/E very fhort, fcarcely the length of the fpur of the nettary, ovato-acuminate, COROLLA: 5 PszTALs clofing and forming a hel. met, the three outermoft ovate, pointed, faintly three ribb'd, concave, marked with fpots of a brownifh purple colour running together, the two innermoft ones much nar- rowelt, oblong, a little dilated towards the 0 9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 0 Q Q jig. 1. top, paler, marked alfo with purple fpots, Jig e NECTARIUM : Cakar obtufum, fubcompreffum, ob- ? NECTARY: the Spur blunt, fomewhat flattened, folete bifidum, medium germinis vix attin- .. fhghtly bifid, fcarcely reaching to the middle gens, albefcens: Laée//um amplum, latum, of the germen : Laée//um large, broad, rough, punctis purpureis prominulis exafperatum, que uti Hallerus recte monet brevium pilo- rum fafciculi funt, in floribus nuper apertis faturatius purpureum, prefertim ad oras, quadrifidum, lacini; fuperiores fublineares, divergentes, inferiores triplo latiores, diver- Q gentes, apicibus fubtruncatis, erofo-denticu- | Q Q Q 9 with prominent purple dots, which, as Haller juftly obferves, are little tufts of fhort hairs, in flowers lately opened of a deeper purple colour, efpecially on the edges, divided into four fegments, the two uppermoft of which are nearly linear and diverging, the two lowermoft thrice as broad, diverging, the tips fomewhat truncated, irregularly and finely notched, with a fhort point for the molt part between the two. STAMINA: Cafes of the flamina purple, jig. 9. MENTA flavefcentia, ANTHER& fubclavatz, Firaments yellowifh, AN THERE fomewhat albide, fig. 3. — club-fhaped, whitifh, fg. 3. i GERMEN teretiufculum, tortuofum, glabrum, ex à GERMEN roundifh, twifted, fmooth, variegated with fufco viridique varium. Q green and brown. | Q Q latis, mucrone plerumque intermedio. STAMINA: Thece ftaminum purpuree, fg. 2. FirA- On chalky banks abounding with Milkwort and Juniper, near woods, and in the woods themfelves, in many parts of Kent; efpecially about Rochefler, we have had no {mall pleafure in obferving this plant grow in great abundance. In expofed afpeéts its ufual height is about nine inches, in woods and copfes where it is more fheltered, and where the foil is richer, it will acquire the height of two feet or more; fuch fpecimens in beauty and grandeur far furpafs every Britifh Orchis ; its flowers vary exceedingly in colour, fome being of a light, others of a deep purple colour, now and then one wholly white occurs; the lip of the neGary, dn interefting ,obje&t for the microfcope, varies alfo in breadth; both root and flowers fend forth a ftrong fmell, fomewhat like but not fo pleafant as Anthoxanthum. . It flowers early in May, and in forward feafons at the clofe.of April, at the fame time as the early {potted Orchis, Cowilip, and Harebell. Our plant is undoubtedly the Orcbzs fujca of Jacquin, whole name we have adopted, as alfo the one we have referred to in Haier, by whom it is reprefented in a very luxuriant {ftate; Linn aus regards it as a variety of his militaris; Prol. Murray, in the 14th ed. of his Syf. gera. follows Ray, HaLuer, Jacquin, VAILLANT, and others, in making it a fpecies. The fame culture which we have recommended for the Ophrys fucifera is applicable to this fpecies. Cul x. Edwards del F Sanfou culls. we - pin T5 b s Es md e vs = "* del. + wd. TD Edwards CAREX VENTRICOSA Turcip CaAREX. CAREX, Linn. Gem Pl Monorcia TRIANDRIA: Mafc. Amentum imbricatum. Ca/, monophyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Ga/,monophyllus. Cor.o. Ne&arium inflaturi tridentatum. Stigmata tria. Sem. triquetrum intra neCtarium. Raii Sym. Gen. 98. HER84 GRAMINIFOLLE NON CULMIFERA FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO, CAREX ventricofa, fpicis pedunculatis ere&is, mafcula folitaria, femineis remotis paucifloris, capfulis turgidis roftratis. CYPEROIDES nemorofum, caule exquifité triangulari, fpicis parvis flrigofis, inter fe diftantibus, ‘ {quamis latis, derepente in arifiam longiufculam attenuatis, capfulis rarius difpofitis turbinatis gibbis trilateris cum roftrulo adunco. Michel, Nov. Gen p. 61. tab. 32. SB. 5- RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CULMUS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, ereétus, foliofus, triqueter. FOLIA patulo-ereCta, lineas duas lata, carinata, lzevia, margine afpera, bafi vaginantia, fub floref- centia culmo longiora. Fros Mascurvus. SPICA terminalis, folitaria, fubuncialis, ereéta, multi- flora, ebracteata, fubfufca. CALYX; Soguama fubovata, acuminata, dorfo viridi, lateribus ex albo et. fufco variegatis, fig. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA tria, capillaria, calyce lon- giora, ANTHER longe, lineares, jig. 2, Fros FEMINEUS. SPICAE plerumque tres, remotiufcule, fpica mafcula dimidio breviores, oblongo-ovate, fubquadri- flore, pedunculate, bratteate. PrEDUNCULI compreffi, fuperne incraflati. Bractz fo- lus fimiles, culmum fuperantes. CALYX: Souvama lanceolata, acuta, dorfo viridi, lateribus albis nitentibus, jig. 3. NECTARIUM oblongum,extus convexum, intus conca» vum, roftratum, piftillum arcte cmgens, jg. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen obovatum intra neGtarium; jig. 5. STYLUS germine duplo longior, jig. 6. ' STIGMATA tria, patentia villofa, fg. 7. PERICARPIUM: Ca»sura triquetro-gibba, turgida, {triata, utrinque acuta, roftro apice membra- . naceo, fig. 8. SEMINA. folitaria, magna, hinc convexa, inde planiuf- cula, fig. 9. intra neCtarium. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALK from a foot to a foot and a half high, upright, leafy, and three-cornered. LEAVES upright, fomewhat fpreading, two lines wide, keeled, fmooth, rough on the edge, fheathing at the bafe, higher than the flalk, when the plant flowers. Marg FiowkrR. SPIKE terminal, folitary, about an inch long, upright, many-flowered, without a bractea, MAR CALYX: Scare fomewhat ovate, acuminated, green at the back, the fides variegated with white and brown, jig. 1. . STAMINA: three FiLAMzNTS, capillary, longer than the calyx. Awruzn x long, linear, jg. 2. FEMALE FLOWER, SPIKES moftly three, remote, half the length of the male one, oblongo-ovate, moftly four-flowered, ftanding on flower-ftalks, and furnifhed with bractee. . FLowrR-STALKS comprefled, thickened above. Bracre refembling the leaves, higher than the ftalk. : CALYX: Scarz lanceolate, acute, green at the back, the fides white, fhining, fg. 9. NECTARY : oblong, the outfide convex, the infide con- cave, clofely furrounding the piftillum, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen obovate, within the nectary, Jig. 5. STYLE double the length of the ger- men, jg.6. STIGMATA three, fpreading, villous, fig. 7. PERICARPIUM : a CapsuLE three-cornered, gibbous, ftriated, turgid, pointed at both ends, witha beak membranaceous at the point, fg. 8. SOOOCOOOL OO OOOO OOOO X909 099 OOO OX OOOO OOOO OOOO LOLOL OL OOD OX» 0 009» SEEDS fingle, large, convex on one fide, flattifh on the other, //g. 9. within the neétary. My much-valued friend, the Rev. Dr. Gooprnouecu of Ealing, has the merit of difcovering the Carex here figured; we were herbarizing together, in company with the Rev. Dr. WurrriErLD, in a {mall wood at the back of Charlton Church, when a fingle plant of it firft caught his eye, and on further fearch we found it in one part of the wood in abundance; Mr. Dicksow informs me that he has obferved the fame fpecies growing wild near Godalming, Surrey ; and we are informed that it has alfo been found by Mr. Sorz, of Bath. ) Thelate Rev. Mr. LiaurrooT, who had feen it growing with me, was pleafed to call it depawperata, from the paucity of its flowers, a name in which we fometime acquiefced ; but, on maturer confideration, we think the name we have now given it more expreflive of its principal character. It affects the fame fituation as the /j/vatica, to which, in its foliage, it bears fome little refemblance, but when it comes to fhew its feed-veffels it cannot éafily be miftaken for any other Britifh Carex. It flowers about the latter end of May, but is moft confpicuous towards the middle of June, when its feed- veflels are advanced. Er can ta" "TR UTE SAP WEL m CREED SALA SD t k nA ; P LST A WO. CA. 5 CoMMoN NETTLE. URTICA. Linn. Gen. Pl. Monorcia TETRANDRIA. Masc. Ca/. 4-phyllus. Cor. o. Netlarium centrale, cyathiforme, Fem. Ca/. 2-valvis. Cor.o. Sem. 1. nitidum. Ran Syn, Gen. 5. HERB FLORE IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO (VEL APETALO POTIUS.) Linn, Syft. Veg. p. 849. Spec. P]. 1396. fürpibus fexu diftinétis, folus ferratis, ovato-lanceolatis, productis, Ha//. Hit. 1614. major vulgaris et media fylveftris, URTICA dioica, folus oppofitis cordatis, racemis geminis. FI. Suec. 863. — Scopoli FI. Carn. ed. 2. n. 1175. URTICA URTICA major vulgaris, F. Baub. III. 445. | urens. Ger emac, 7060. maxima, Baub. Pin, 232. URTICA racemifera major perennis, Raz Syn, p. 139. Common Sunging-Nettle. — Hudf: F7. Ang, p. 418. Lighif. FL. Scot. p. 578. RADIX perennis, repens, teretiufcula, fubfulcata, tenax, flavefcens, geniculata, fibras majufculas e ge- niculis emittens. CAULES plures, bi ad quadripedales, ereCti, vix ra- mofi, obtufe tetragoni, quadrifulcati, pilis ri- $ gidis hifpidi. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, cordata, acuminata, late lerrata, fupra rugofa, venofa, utrinque pilis fubulatis, urentibus hifpida. STIPUL quatuor, patentes, lineares, obtufiufcule, fubtus compreffo-canaliculate. FLORES dioici, in racemis quaternis, ramofis, deflexis, pubefcenti-hifpidis, glomeratim difpofiti. Mascuut FLores. CALYX: PznuiANTHIUM quadripartitum, laciniis pa- tentibus, ovatis, obtufis, concavis, fubtus Ícabris, fig, 1. COROLLA nulla. NECTARIUM in centro floris, turbinatum, fubdia- phanum, apice obtufum, perforatum. STAMINA: FinAMENTA quatuor, fubulata, longitu- dine calycis, patentia, intra fingulam laciniam calycinam fingula, inftante anthefi elaftice profilientia. — AwTHrRu& biloculares, albz, |J. 2. FrMiNEI FLORES. CALYX: PrzniíaNTHiUM quadripartitum, perfiftens ; laciniis duabus interioribus majoribus, germen cingentibus ; duabus exterioribus minimis, patentibus, fg. 9. — COROLLA nulla. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. STYLUS nullus. STIGMA patens, penicilliforme, album, fig. 4, 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, Ca/ycis lacinie interne, con- niventes, #g. 6. includunt. SEMEN unicum, ovatum, obtufo-compreffum, nitidum, Ig. 7, 8. © ROOT perennial, creeping, roundifh, flightly furrowed, Q tough, yellowifh, jointed, fending down from | the joints fome pretty large fibres. — STALKS many, from two to four feet high, upright, very little branched, bluntly quadrangular, each fide furrowed, befet with rigid hairs. ) LEAVES oppofite, ftanding on foot-flalks, heart- {haped, acuminated, widely ferrated, the up- Q per fide wrinkled and veiny, on both fides 0 befet with awl-fhaped, flinging hairs. . 8 STIPULZ four, fpreading, linear, bluntith, the un- Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 6 der fide comprefled and channelled. | FLOWERS dioicous, difperfed in {mail cluflers, in à racemi growing four together, which are branched, bending downward, and befet with d fine as well as coarfe hairs. Marz FLowers. ? CALYX: a PzR1ANTHIUM divided into four fegments, Q 8 é fpreading, ovate, obtufe, concave, beneath 6 roughifh, jg. 1. 0 COROLLA none. 0 NECTARY in the centre of the flower, turbinated, e almoft tranfparent, blunt and perforated at the top. STAMINA: four Firaments awl-fhaped, length of . the calyx, fpreading, one in each fegment of the calyx, on fheddmg of the pollen fpringing out by their elafticity.. AN THER x bilocular, whitilh, fg. 2. © © FEMALE FLOWERS. (" j C : a permanent PzgiaNTHIUM divided into four fegments ; the two inner ones larger, fur- rounding the germen; the two outer ones very fmall, fpreading, jig. 3. COROLLA none. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. SrTvLE none. STIGMA fpreading, feathery, white, fig. 4, 5. SEED-VESSEL none. The two inner fegments of the Calyx clofing and including the feed, jig. 6. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q | {hining, fg. 7, 8. The name of dioica is given to this fpecies of Nettle, from its producing male flowers on one plant, and female on another; it is however not always dioicous, as we have frequently obferved female flowers on the male plant in great numbers. It grows abundantly by the fides of hedges, in neglected fields, gardens, and paftures; and flowers from Tune to September. Baron Hauer has obferved, that im its fru€tification juft; the pollen in particular 1s difcharged in the fame The genus Urtica is it has great affinity with the Parietarta, which is certamly curious way. (See Parietar. offic. already figured.) : a numerous one, there being twenty-eight fpecies enumerated in the 14 ed. of Linn £us’s SyRena Vegetabilium ; all of which however do not fling, as the three fpecies indigenous to this country are well known to do: the naked eye readily microfcope of no great magnifying prickles, or ftings, highly polifhed perceives the inftruments by which the Nettle inftils its poifon; a power more plainly difcovers them to be rigid, tran{parent, tubular fete, and exquifitely pointed, furnifhed at their bafe with a kind of bulb, in which the juice is principally contained, and which being preffed on when the fling enters the fkin, forces the poifon into the wound ; of the venomous quality of this liquid, and of the manner in which it is emitted, I have had ocular proof: placing the foorflalk of a the microfcope than thofe on the leaves or ettleleaf* (the prickles being more manageable, and better adapted to flalks) on the ftage of the microfcope, fo that the whole of the prickle was in the focus when horizontally extended, I preffed on the bulb with a blunt-pointed pin, and, after fome trials, found a liquid to afcend in the priekle, fomewhat as the quickfilver does when a warm hand is applied to ' * The Urtica pilulifera the was the one made ufe of, Park. 440. SEEDS fingle, ovate, blunt, compreffed, whitifh, : E d " 1 d alea. MCA bant ot by W Center S i eager Ceféent , Al TNT i= -1 ü Mos zu ew Vatica rend. qt | , a * * 4 * t^ n Lith Arn a 7791 by ViZ Gores S George Lreleere= D E. E EE - the bulb ofa thermometer; in fome of the prickles I obferved the liquid ftationary, on preffing fuch in particular I faw moft plainly the liquor afcend to, and flow copioufly from its very extremity, fee fr. 9. I was the more anxious to fee this, as I fufpeCted the poifon might proceed from an aperture in the fide of the fting, near the . point, as in the forceps of the fpider, and tooth of the viper, and where it appears to be placed, rather than at the extremity, that it may not. take off from its neceffary fharpnefs. i Prickmg the fkin of my hand with a needle, I placed fome of the juice on the wound, when it inflantly inflamed, and put on all the appearance of a part ftung by a Nettle. It has been obferved, that fuch as handle this plant roughly, rarely feel the effe&ts of its fting ; while others, from flightly touching it, experience it in all its force; this circumftance is happily expreffed by Aaron Hit: 7 “ Tender-handed ftroke a Nettle, * And it flings you for your pains ; . * Grafp it lke a man of mettle, * And it foft as filk remains.” L3 Notwithftanding its roughnefs and ftinging quality, many of the poorer people feek Nettle-tops in the fpring with great avidity, as a pot-herb, neglecting the more luxuriant Chickweed, almoft equal to fpinach, growing erhaps abundantly juft by it; others religioufly put them im diet-drinks at the fame period, expecting to have their whole mafs of blood fo purified as to be free from difeafe for twelve months at leaft. Mr. Licurroor informs us in his F/ Scot. that in Arran, and other iflands of Scotland, a rennet is made of a ftrong decoftion of Nettles; a quart of falt is put to three pints of the decoétion, and boiled up for ule; a common {poonful of this liquor will coagulate a large bowl of milk very readily, and agreeably, as he faw and experienced. Í | The flalk of the Nettle is found to have a texture fomewhat like that of Hemp, and to be capable of being manufactured into cloth, ropes, and paper. 'The old writers on the Materia Medica, are profufe 1n their encomiums on the virtues of the Nettle, as they -are on thofe of moft other plants; but, excepting the benefit which may arife from its external application, its virtues we apprehend are extremely problematical. ; | Urtication, or whipping with Stinging-Nettles, is an old practice, and recommended in various diforders, efpecially lethargy, pally, or numbnels of any particular limb, rheumatic pains, &c. The Nettle is refufed by cattle in general; hence we often fee paftures, orchards, &c. disfigured by large patches of them, which, as the root is perennial and creeping, are every year increafing; the agriculturift who wifhes to improve and embellith his fields, will lofe no time in extirpating fuch. There are fome, however, who think differently of this plant; Hrrzm fays, that it affords excellent food for cattle, efpecially. milch cows; that it has even been cultivated, and that advantageoully, in Sweden for feeding kine. Ha//. Hifl. p. 287. Though this plant is not remarkably advantageous either to man or beaíl, it affords nourifhment to a great number of infects; it is the only food of the caterpillars of three of our moft beautiful Butterflies, viz. the Atalanta, Paphia, and Urtrice, the principal food of a fourth, the Jo, which I have this year found alfo on the Hop, and the occafional food of a fifth, the C. a/éum, which feeds alfo on the hop and the elm; two of our moths alfo feed on it, viz. the urticata and the verticals ; befides thefe, which are the principal infects found on _ the Nettle with us, a great number of other indifcriminate feeders devour its foliage. ‘The bafe of the leaves in autumn is extremely liable to be disfigured by tubercles, which, if opened, are found to contain {mall maggots, which probably produce the Mu/ca Uruce of Linnaus; but of this we hope to fpeak with more certainty when we treat of the Urtica pilulifera. eS eget I Comme ROAM So Othe Aah & NE DT LE. URTICA wrens Pis oppofitis ovalibus. Linn, Syff. Veg. p. 849. Spec. PL. p. 1396. FL Suec. 863. Scopolt FI. Carn. ed. 2. 7. 1174. : URTICA fexubus fede disjunétis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis, julis oblongis. Ha//, Hzff. 161 5. URTICA minor, Ger. emac. 707. minor annua. Ff. Baub. III. 446. urens minor. Baub. Pin, 993. racemifera minor annua. Raz Sys.p. 140. The lefler Stinging-Nettle, Hz4f. FJ. Angl. p. 417.. Lightf, FL. Scot. p. 578. - Differt a dioica, planta tertia parte humiliore; flori- © Differs from the dioica, in being fcarcely one-third as bus monoicis ; radice annua, alba; caulibus ramofiori- i tall; having, male and female flowers on the fame plant; bus; foliis multo minoribus et rotundioribus; ftipulis 4 the root annual, white; {talks much branched; leaves vix confpicuis; racemis multo brevioribus, mmufque ; much fmaller and rounder; ftipule lefs confpicuous ; ramofis. " 4 @ racemi much fhorter in proportion. There appears to be no reafon for applying the term wrens to this fpecies in particular, as feveral of the others are equally pungent. | Of annual weeds, this Nettle is one of the very worft, efpecially 1n light, manured foils, each plant producing an immenfe number of feeds, and that in a fhorter time than moft others: Parxinson obferves, that it will * beare ripe feed twile in one year;” the young plants are therefore to be cut up with the hoe as foon as they ss The great advantage of early hoeing cannot be too ftrongly imprefled on the minds of Farmers and Gardeners. Reference to the Parts of Fructification. Fig. 1. the Calyx of the female flower. Fig. 2. the Calyx of the male flower. Fig. 3. the Stamina, Fig. 4, the Pifüllum. Fig. 5. the Seed, Fig, 6. the fame magnified. ni . oe aly EE De elt LE LI X Fy ant du hats, C C TEC / AC. LOQUO a Ld Coe 4 | SALIX MONANDRA. Birrer WILLOW. SALIX Lin. Gen. Pl. Masc. Amenti {quame. Fam. Amentz {quame. Sem. pappofa. DiorzciA DIANDRIA. Cor. o... Glandula bafeos ne&arifera. Cor.O, Stylus 2-hidus. | Caf. 1-locularis, 2-valvis. Raiz Syn. Gen. 28. ARBORES ET FRUTICES. SALIX monandra folis ferratis, glabris, lineari-lanceolatis, fuperioribus obliquis. Hofman hift. Salic. p. 18. SALIX purpurea folus ferratis glabris lanceolatis: inferioribus oppolitis. Sb. Pl. p. 1444. Fl. Suec. n. 884. SALIX Helix folis ferratis glabris lanceolato-linearibus : fuperioribus oppofitis obliquis. Vegetab. 5. 879. Sp. Pl. 1444. Lin. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 879. Lin. Syft. \ SALIX monandra, foliis glabris, lineari-lanceolatis, ferratis, fuperne conjugatis, julis tomentofis, Hall. hzfl. n. 1640. SALIX purpurea. Scopolt Fl. Carn. n. 1909. Diacn. /quame monandre. SALIX monandra. Arduin. Memor. 1. Spec. 67. tab. TM SALIX humilior foliis anguftis fubceruleis ex adverfo binis. Rai Syn. 448. The yellow dwarf Willow. SALIX Helice Theophrafic Lugdun. p. 277. P- 597- Hudf. Fl. Angl. ed. 9. p. 427. Lightfoot Fl. Scot, BCU S Pacdioena Hebilisranols i axbufculum nobifcum fepe excrefcens, in feptentrionali parte Anglie multo humilior. RAMI tenues, teretes, viminei, tenaciffimi, nitidi, cortice cinereo, olivaceo. feu purpurafcente,.- nobifcum raro intenfe purpureo. FOLIA nunc oppofita, nunc alterna, idque in eadem planta, petiolata, lanceolata, verfus apicem latiora, apice acuta, bafi obtufa, femunciam circiter lata, multo etiam latiora, fig. 6. et an- guftiora occurrunt, margine nunc undique ferrata, nunc fuperne tantum, etiam integer- rima, lzvia, fuperne e ceruleo viridia, fubtus glauca, idque femper quoad obfervavimus, avenia, nervo medio albido, glandulis defti- tuta, /apore amarifimo. PETIOLUS brevis, bafi latior. AMENTA ma/cula plurima, fubterminalia, nunc op- ! pofita, idque alterne, nunc alterna, fubfef- filia, pollicaria, cylindracea, compacta, e- rectiufcula, fzpe incurvata, primum e rufo- nigricantia, lanugine incana, exfertis an- theris pulchre aurantiaca; /quame fubro- tunde, concave, pilofz, ad medium ufque nigre, intus faepe rubelle, demum reflexe, Sig. 1. STAMEN: Firamentum unicum, fquamà duplo longius, filiforme, pilofum ; AN THERA ma- jufcula, fig. 2, quadrangulà, quadriloba, primo aurantiaca, dein flava, demum nigri- cans. NECTARIUM : Glandula truncata, emarginata, fla- vefcens, feflile, jig. 3. AMENTA /feminea, mafculis quoad formam fimilia, at flavefcentia, et minus contorta, fig. 5. PISTILLUM : Geren ovatum, fubglobofum, fef- file; SrvLvs vix ullus; SriGM A bilabiatum, flavefcens, labiis emarginato bifidis, demum # e rufo nigricantibus, fig. 4. Ee nene dae e ae e e pe te Ee Ue ae eU e de qe Ie Ie ote othe aN R s Weg, Na, aie, aS as aras ep Mg, alg, as at T ne tente ee tie ne mte te me ne na nte detecte ne reram He epp AN Eie e e iti de Pa e iE e AE Le ae ete ee A SHRUB of a middling fize, weak, branched, with us often growing up into a fmall tree, in the North of England of much humbler growth; BRANCHES flender, round, twiggy, extremely tough, gloffy, the bark afh-coloured, olive; or purplifh, feldom of a deep purple with us. LEAVES now oppofite, now alternate, and that in the fame plant, flanding on footftalks, lan- ceolate, broadeft towards the tip, pointed at the end, obtufe at the bafe, about half an inch in breadth, but much broader, fig. 6. and much narrower leaves occur, the edge fome- times ferrated throughout, fometimes above only, even perfeétly entire, fmooth, above of a blueifh green colour, beneath glaucous, and that always as far as we have obferved, veinlefs, the midrib whitifh, without glands, and of an extremely bitter tajfie. LEAF-STALK, fhort, broadeft at the bafe. CATKINS of the male plant numerous, fomewhat terminal, fometimes oppofite, and that al- ternately fo, fometimes alternate, nearly fef- file, about an inch in length, cylindrical, compact, nearly upright, often bowed, at firft of a reddifh black colour, covered with a grey down, when the anthere put forth, of a beautiful orange ; /cales roundifh, con- cave, hairy, black as far as the middle, often reddifh withinfide, finally reflexed, ignes Ve STAMEN : one FirAMENT twice the length of the {cale, filiform, hairy; AwrHrnA largifh, jig. 2, quadrangular, compofed of four lobes, at firft orange-coloured, then yellow, lafily blackifh. NECTARY: a Gland truncated, emarginate, yel- lowifh, and feffile, fig. 3. CATKINS ofthe female, fimilar in fhape to thofe of the male, but yellowifh and lefs diftorted, fig. 5. PISTILLUM : GzawzN ovate, almoft globular, fef- file; SrvrLz fcarcely any; Stigma forming two lips, yellowifh, the lips flightly bifid, finally of a reddifh black colour, fig. 4. The . The Willows are a tribe of plants, not lefs diftinguifhed for their great utility in rural economy, than for ~~ the difficulty which has hitherto attended the afcertaining of the feveral fpecies: it will, perhaps, be found, that this difficulty is not peculiar to the Willows, but that a vaft many other plants are fubjeét to an equal inconflancy of appearance from fimilar caufes: we are not to be difheartened in our refearches, becaufe we meet with difficulties, they ought rather to incite us to a more diligent examination, and if we do not fucceed at one time, we probably fhall at another; we have found, by experience, that the eye does not at all times poffefs the fame degree of acutenefs, and that the chara&er of a plant, which, at one period, has been over- looked, at another, has formed its moft prominent feature, Impreffed with thefe ideas, we fet about inveftigating the Willows, with the greater pleafure, indeed, as we find, on examining them, that the parts of fruétification, hitherto but little noticed, are capable of throwing a great light on the fubje& : the ftamina in fome, and the piftilla in others, differ in their appearance beyond expectation. ‘Thus the male plant of the prefent fpecies, if every other chara&ter were wanting, would be . diftinguifhed when in flower from our other Willows, by its flamina alone; each fcale of the catkin produces one filament only ; hence, according to Linnean ufage, it is called monandrous: but, it is very remarkable, that though there is only one filament, it fupports two anthere, and hence, in ftri@ propriety, it may be confidered as diandrous. The anthere, before they open, are of a bright orange colour, and impart to the catkin an appearance ftrikingly beautiful; the female catkins are fimilar in fhape, but want the brilliancy of. the male. Unfortunately the flowering period in the Willows is of fhort duration; during the dreateft part of the fummer, we have no flowers to affift us in our inveftigations, and even during that period, it frequently happens, efpecially in the cultivated Willows, which are ufually raifed from cuttings, that we can difcover one fex only ; it 1s not fo, indeed, in thofe Willows which are more in a flate of nature, yet, when the flowering is over, fize, mode of growth, leaves, flipulz, or fome other part of the plant, will generally afford a good {pecific chara&er. The prefent fpecies, when out of bloom, is particularly diftinguifhed by the length, as well as delicate. flendernefs of its twigs, and its fubglaucous fpurge-like leaves, but, above all, by their extreme bitternefs when chewed, itis for this reafon we have called it the dztter Willow. Thefe feveral chara&ers, which are not liable to vary, and fome of which are always prefent, will, if in the leaft degree attended to, readily difcriminate this fpecies. The leaves of moft of the Willows are unfortunately fubje& to a great diverfity of appearance from a variety of caufes; thofe of the monandra are by no means exempt from this inconftancy of appearance ; they vary greatly, both in fize and breadth, and {till more in the notchings of the leaves (fee the defcription) the ftalks alfo vary greatly in colour, being fometimes almoft yellow : the leaves on the fummits of the twigs are fometimes found towards the end of Auguft, of a brilliant red colour, which produces a moft charming effe& ; this fingularity is, however confined to particular plants : the tops of the branches are fometimes found expanded in this Willow into little fquamous heads, fomewhat refembling rofes, whence, by fome, it has been called rofe Willow; this is the effe& of an infect, and, of courfe, accidental. ! The /alix monandwva grows fparimgly in the neighbourhood of London, it is found moft commonly in hedges, fometimes in ofier-grounds, where it is accidentally introduced; in fome parts of the North of England, there is no Willow more common ; it is the earlieft in bloom of any of the Willows we are acquainted with, flowering in mild feafons, by the end of February, ufually before the Caprea. The extreme bitternefs of the leaves and twigs of this fpecies, renders it very valuable for many purpofes. When ufed as a band or withe, it is never eaten by vermin; nor, when formed into a hedge, is it browfed on by cattle; even infeéts prey on it much lefs readily than on the other fpecies. In [ome parts of Yorkfhire, its twigs are ufed for making the fineft forts of bafket-work; and, from the obfervations we have made, we fhould think it might be advantageoully cultivated for fuch purpofes. _ By way of experiment, we one year planted a row of cuttings of all the common Willows, and were furprifed to find, that the very longeft one- year's fhoot was that of the bitter Willow, it exceeded even that of the Ofier (Salix viminalis ) which was the next longeft. The bark of fome of the Willows has been ufed as a fubflitute for the Peruvian Bark in the cure of agues ; that of the prefent fpecies, from its extreme bitternefs, may probably prove more efficacious. Fhe leaves of this plant become of a blueifh black colour in drying. Profeffor Horrman, who has publifhed fome very accurate figures and defcriptions of the Willows, indif- putably proves, that the purpurea and helix of Liww.&us are one and the fame fpecies; he, therefore, confidering them as fuch, rejects both thofe names, and adopts that of AKDUINI; concurring, from the moft perfest conviclign, 1n opinion with the le rned Profeflar, we follow him in this inflance of reform. ————"—P—— —— /runalea.. APPS ^7, LA f X SALIX TRIANDRA. LTHREE-THREADED WILLOW. SALIX Lin. Gen. Fl. D1ozciA DianprRia. . Masc. Amenti{quame. Cor. 0. Glandula bafeos ne&arifera. Fam. Amentz {quame. Cor. o. Stylus 2-fidus, Caff. i-locularis; 2-valvis.- Sem. pappofa. Rai Syn. Gen. ARBORES ET FRUTICES. SALIX rendra foliis ferratis glabris, floribus triandris. Lin. Sy/l. Vegetab. p. 879. Sp. Pl. p. 1442. SALIX folus glabris, elliptico-lanceolatis, Hall. Hifl. n. 1697.. ferratis; ftipulis dentatis; julis gracilibus triandris. SALIX iriandra. Scopoli Fl. Carn. ed. 2. $. 259. SALIX folio amygdalino utrinque virente aurito. Bauh. Pin. 473. SALIX folio amygdalino utrinque aurito corticem abjiciens, Almond-Leaved Willow that cafls its Bark. Raz Syn. ed. 3. b. 448. SALIX folio auriculato fplendente flexilis. Rag Syn. ed. 3. f. 448. The round-ear'd Shining " Willow. Hud/. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. f. 425. FRUTEX orgyalis et ultra, in arbufculum medio- crem nonnunquam exfurgens, corticem quo- ; tannis abjiciens, undique ramofus. RAMI ere&i, fubvirgati, teretes, verfus fummitates . angulati, profunde fulcati, tenaces, flexiles aut etiam fragiles prefertim ad genicula, : cOrtice e cinereo aut fufco virefcente aut flavefcente, foliofi. FOLIA alterna, longitudine tripollicaria, latitudine fere pollicaria, in ramis jitueapus triplo $ errata, ferraturis 3 carülagineis, prominentibus, glabra, niten- 4 majora, lanceolata, acuta, ' tia, fupra faturate viridia, fubtus pallidiora, nervo medio albido, prominulo, bafi glan- i dulis aliquot fzpius occupata, petiolata, pe- tiolo femunciali, canaliculato. STIPUL in quibufdam ramis nulle, in plerifque binz ad bafin petioli, auriformes, rugotz, * crenulate, fuperne glandulofe.. AMENTA ma/cula numerofa, ante anthefin longi- tudine fere pollicaria, fubcylindracea, to- ; mento fericeo obducta, lutefcente-viridia, 3 odorata, poft pollinis emiffionem longitudine : bipollicaria et ultra: foliola quinque lanceo- 5 lata, utrinque nitentia, pilofa, fubtus palli- ; diora ad bafin cujufvis amenti. SQUAMA ad bafin finguli floris pallide viridis, parum rugofa, margine apiceque pilofa, fg. 1. STAMINA: FiLAMENTA plerumque tria, füb. polli- nis emiffione fquamà duplo longiora; An- THER fubrotunde, biloculares, lutefcen- à tes, fir. 9. NECTARIUM: Glandula minuta, truncata, ad ger- minis bafin, fig. 3. AMENTA feminea numero et longitudine mafculis fimilia, illis viridiora et minus fpe¢tabilia, . SQUAMAS obtufe, rugofe, lutefcentes, fub floref- centia ad dimidiam germinis altitudinem + attingentes, fig. 4. GERMEN oblongum, acuminatum, fg. 5. a *Y A; A à . € En . . STIGMATA duo, brevia, obtufa, horizontalia, bi- fida, fiz. 6. A SHRUB fix feet or more in height, fometimes growing up to a middle-fized tree, cafting its bark yearly, branched on all fides. BRANCHES upright, fomewhat twiggy, towards the extremity angular or deeply grooved, tough, flexible, or even brittle, efpecially at the joints, covered with an afh-coloured, brown- ifh-green, or yellowifh bark, thickly fet with leaves. & LEAVES alternate, three inches in length, and al- moft one in breadth, in the younger branches thrice as large, lanceolate, pointed and fer- rated, the ferratures or teeth cartilaginous and prominent, fmooth, glofly, of a deep green colour above and pale beneath, the midrib whitifh, and fomewbat prominent, moft commonly befet with fome glands at the bafe, {landing on footftalks, half an inch in length, fcooped. STIPULA in fome of the branches none, but in moft a pair at the bafe of the leaf-ftalk, ear- fhaped, wrinkled, notched and glandular on the upper fide. CATKINS of the male plant. numerous, before the antherz put forth almoft an inch long, nearly cylindrical, covered with a filky down, ofa yellowifh green colour; when all the an- therz have fhed their pollen, they extend two inches or more in length: five fmall lanceolate leaves, gloffy on both fides, hairy and fomewhat paler on the under fide, are placed at the bafe of each catkin. | The SCALE at the bafe of each floret, is of an uni- form pale green colour, hairy on both edges as well as the tip, and fomewhat wrinkled, & ig. 1. & STAMINA: FinAMENTS moftly three, becoming T on the fhedding of the pollen as long again as the fcale; ANTHER# roundifh, yellow is and bilocular, fag. 2. & NECTARY: a minute Glandule, truncated, at the ü bafe of the Germen, fv. 9. = CATKINS of the female, fimilar in number and length * to thofe of the male, but greener and lefs T Íhew lee : & SCALES obtufe, wrinkled, yellowifh, when pro- : perly in bloflom extending half way up the & germen, fg. 4. + GERMEN oblong, tapering, jig. 5. $ STIGMATA two, fhort, obtufe, fpreading horizon- ] tally, and bifid, fie. 6. We te d te me Ade ud à Ave ae Here e de ute v e Be te Nae te eke ae ake ML ae Se AE a aet TAN v. ES SP age Tas aas a Se ate aae arte e He RE e EL MEC NG BR E ae dad Mt T erede dee Be Ae &) cy M eS The The Willows in general are more diftinguifhed for their ufes in rural ceconomy, than as ornamental trees or fhrubs; neverthelefs, many of them come under the latter defcription, and with them we may rank the prefent fpecies, more indeed on account of its flowers than its foliage. When fuffered to grow, it acquires the fize of a fmall tree, and the catkins being unufually numerous, render the male plant in particular, in which they are of a bright yellow colour, and agreeable fcent, an object highly pleafing among other flowering fhrubs or trees. à In all Willows planted for ornament, the male tree is to be preferred ; not only becaufe its catkins are ae moft brilliant, while the foliage is the fame as that of the female, but becaufe the females, when planted by themfelves, quickly fhed their catkins, which make a litter. | The leading character of this Willow, when in flower, is its three ftamina to each floret; now and then indeed two only occur, but not fufficiently often to deftroy the excellency of the chara&ter: when out of flower, it is diftinguifhable by yearly cafting the bark of its trunk when of a certain age (whether every in- dividual does this or not, I am not certain; a tree of this fpecies in my garden has conftantly done it for many years); its leaves are more ftrongly ferrated than moft others ; the branches in autumn are ufually fur- nifhed with ftipule, but not always: and they have another chara&er which I have found of great confe- quence in determining this fpecies; towards the top they are angular or grooved, in a greater degree than any other Willow I have examined—it 1s not ufual for Willows to flower fpring and autumn, but we have fre- quently found this fpecies to do fo. ! In its tree ftate, it grows fparingly in the hedges about town; in the ofier grounds it is not uncommon, being cultivated as a Bafket Willow—it flowers the beginning of May—the bark has more aftringency but lefs bitternefs than the Sa/ix monandra, and has been found efficacious in curing intermitting fevers. We ftrongly fufpe& that the amygdalina is no other than this fpecies. FLORA LONDINENSIS; | d OR, J PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS EIAAG TS mas a oW WILD UIPN THE T | ENVIRONS OF LONDON: | WITH THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH AND TIMES OF FLOWERING, DO ER: Several NAMES, according to LINN4EUS, and other Authors: WITH A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF EACH pL AONO IN LATIN AND ENGLISH. TO WHICH ARE ADDED, THEIR GSE VERAL.cCUSES, IN MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, RURAL ECONOMY, AND OTHER ARTS. — MÀ M Bv WILLIAM CURTIS WV.Q L. OL. BOO NS DWOR NS. Printed for and Sold by the Aurnor, No. 3, St. George's-Crefcent, Black-Friars-Road. 1799. » 4 Matai Spr ER ' n: rar Mi ae 11 r^ "iu AD LA 17 JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM, M.D. THE FRIEND OF HUMANITY, THE PATRON OF SCIENCE, THIS SECOND VOLUME FLORA LONDINENSIS, INSCRIBE D, HIS MUCH OBLIGED FRIEND, WILLIAM CURTIS. ANY. [24 ud VAS UAE Pe Mts pa E ue »- Ll EX ds os |Ta0M. M. i BP VN / YEN S | VR Hie Ae HS Me MeN Meee se e t as to ee ee A A GOU00609000000000900000003000C000200:0000€000000000000002000000006000200000 8 S 8 s o 9 Ei o E SU Ge Sur SSE BAN Tar a Tay Sik DSi Se Sh B® Sobel edet debdeb-bei-i ee p pHeeiedepe-pedede Be ee ee eee Ge i ee eee eh he hts '00009000000000000000860600000900900000200000000200000000002000000006000c000000000000000000900000000900080000000000020000000000000920000000520000090c00c0000002000000000 9 o 2 a E] 2 '000c00020000003€i onc: So Su Sur Sur Sur Bw Sur Sur da LAN WD Ex, IN. WHICH The Plants of the fourth, fifth, and fixth Fafciculi, or fecond Volume; are arranged according to the Syftem of LINN.EUS. Latin Name. ims i Englifh Name. Clafs and Order. 1 Hoprurrs Vuledvis Un En Mimics tan) s o eode duras sk. MoNANDRIA Monogynia. oe Salvia Verpenaca.. s Aveetolsl Wild Clary or Sage ...122 osse > 3 Liguftrum vulgare .-........ EPPING? OTF Den Eee pes estes | 4 Veronica triphyllos qerderb pi sa Epeedwell tridente ae 5 Veronica fcutellata ......... Speed wen BO IE deoa o dnd 7 DiaNDRIA Monogynia. 6 Veronica Anagallis.......... Speedwell watery it vn. diye net | 7 Veronica ion: ege 1 AES Specdwell-mountam., 45-7. etse he J So Valeriana ORCIBALlS . u.s Audience wal 9. ea ee a lae > ew alcriana Cioica 4 . v eus vers NITORE SR RO wl. v ae | 1o Valerniana Loculfla;* seo... os brano Meer Land e etapas 11 Scirpus maritimus,.......... Club-rufh round-rooted .......... ? TRIANDRIA Monogyna 19 Eriophorum po lyftachion. . . Cotton-grafs many-headed ........ | 19 Eriophorum vaginatum ...... Cotton-grafs fingle-headed ........ J 14 Agroflis Ico DEN Pa cU 1 ks Bent-grafs Sheep's-fefcue-leav'd. ... > 15 Aira caryophyllea........... Hatrovats filver 25504 tri aaO (sae 16 Alopecurus geniculatus...... ponen grafs jointed or flote....... 17 Alopecurus pratenfis. |. ...... Foxtail- grafs PICAGOW,) oso ea otis TOSBrTONnUStlsBndTUus Uus Brome-grafs diandrous .,..... i... ig Bromus giganteus........... Bropmesbrais valle seo ns ves ees | eo Beltuca elatior. ; 2... 0... 00%. Fefcue- erafs LSU bee EN SUA eT OPPIDA M puaueltuda pratenfis. eeu. nu. Fefcue- -grafs IHR OW bd cay end poReltuea lolideesm. Ss ve. Joh. Feteue-erats darnel’s . oP eeeredit nies 23 Hordeum PAULI i eas Barley-grafs wall............ iss e vEelicatcamulea s c. veces Melic- atas Dies s sas d age tte, eis S TRIANDRIA Digynia, pee viclica uflora S95 s siccis Melic-grafs fingle-flower'd au paid DP ieee HEISE EI EIII: Melic-grafs mountain ............ 27 Mihum effufum' . 0... 2... Miiletroraly wood 2 rd Veet os | 28 Panicum Crus-galli.......... Panic- grafs Ies MP AUC M MSIE NUR E UE 29 Panicum fanguinale Suhl d Panic-grafs cock's-foot ........... 3o Panicum SATIS EDEN RR Panic- grafs eee Ju. Pete e er qs 31 Panicum verticillatum..,.... Panic: grafs rough ELA ET polo TORTOD exa Seek! dr ia ares Meadow-grals reflexed........... Be Oe preeutbens« e. neci Meadow-grafs procumbent........ Damoxaquatic qe cms s sre Meadow-grals water orreed....... 5 Pree Mi periiar odorata ce. us ues Woodruff fweet-fcented.......... > eG AMEN VCMT 2 a ee. Bedftraw yellow cd chica qa A ANT | Pee lanitaoommed lay irr ese e Hal Planta nar haatiyge. of teur. vr. Progr mes. » TETRANDRIA Monogynia, 38 iene QIBVISTIEES. (peels E aces Seoubiousr dele enw rue med weeny. | 39 Sherardia arvenfis.-......... Shterar dias tteld) urs Mak eB ors 2 40 Sagina PI CURT I8 Qs peaslewort-anmual 221. ces ors ee. ; 41 Potamogeton crifpum........ Poug-wesd' eubledes os oreet ) TErRANDRIA Tetragynia, 42 Lycopfis arvenfis ........... boalobehisldi us cs cx T ipie cogi > 43 Lyfimachia nemorum,....... Momeywort WOOd,: ... drea d sies 44 Lyfimachia vulgaris ......... Lioofe-ftrife yellow 55st sudden. Aly S VIDGd TO NM ase datura T'esiwindele menta e Les ees tds 46 Cynogloflum officinale ....... Hounds- -tongue COMMONS mes Sy deer | 47 Samolus Valerandi.......... Water-pimpernel round-leav’d..... 48 Campanula rotundifolia ...... Bell-flower heath or round-leavd .. | 49 Symphytum officinale........ (Corio Cobnidodmpo di s pala ete Js P f M " 50 Menyanthes trifoliata... 2... Dugk-Bednm 328 bos RE T ar oes ects: ? d ru WR AE AA, 51 Primula ACAULIS see irl TOEESU E futt A a ox lee pirr c agen! | So Primulasotucinalis. js. uo. (Cose ERE e s t UD XS EAT rs | 59 Primula farinofa............ TSIM CVE uoce doa ev aid uL 54 Pulmonaria maritima ........ büngwort fca"... eoe snas 55 Datura Stramonium......... TBorntapples 5 gane da coz 50 Atropa Belladonna .......... Dwale or deadly Nightfhade ...... | 57 Chironia retandtum Eu o Qoetatib yet v i-re E J Centaury 58 Cherophyllum E LN D E X E Latin Name. | Englifh Name. Clafs and Order. 58 Chzerophyllum fylveftre...... Cow-parfley common............ Y E. a 59 Cherophyllum temulum ..... Cow-parlley fatal. 2.2 40.) yet. | 60 Bunium Bulbocaftanum...... Earth^orgoipsnito e rer eet | Or Scandix Perens 20 UNS Shephend’s-Needles.< teaver. MEE 62 Caucalis Anthrifcus.......... Caucalirhedgey 2a aod aes | GF Cancale antelta: 4 (Caüucalis conr 8. ee. > PENTANDRIA Digynéa. 64 Hydrocotyle vulgaris ....... Penny-wort marfh or White-rot.... | 65 Chenopodium rubrum ....... Goofe-foot fmall-feeded .......... 66 Chenopodium murale........ Goofe-foot nettle-leaved.......... 67 Chenopodium hybridum...... Goofe-foot thorn-apple-leav'd ..... 68 ‘Chenopodium olidum........ Blite or Orach fnking........... J ^69 Linum ufitatiffimum......... Flax common’, Gr LESE EUROS PENTANDRIA Pentagynia. 70 Myofurus minimus.......... Moufe-tail..................-....PENTANDRIA Polygynia. 71 Scilla autumnalis............ Squill Gutumbal. - gee e Te 3 72 Leucojum efüvum .......... Snow-flake fummer. -............ 79 joncusdylvaticus yo... lite Rufh great hairy wood........... : 74 Juncus pilofus........ boy Rufh {mall hairy wood........... p HEXANDRIA Monogynia. Pirie COMA NOT Les Ae 2. veris d Mter-Puasllancss dh wc gp MEC 76 Convallaria majalis.......... Lily or the Valley; aes RR J 25 amex Acetofella 24... 1. 2 SOME Hee psy wl PULSAR M ELLO NINOS HEXANDRIA Trigynia. 75 Aditma:Plantago: yo!) DER Water-plantain great... TUER 79 Alifma Damalonium......... Water-plantain ftarry-headed. ..... j AN ae ao Mfiea vil Pantson hd ahs aust ulus Hesth commons (37 2320 LIE OcrANDRIA Monogynia. 81 Polygonum amphibium ...... Perficaria amphibious............ be $2 Polygonum convolvulus...... Buck-wheat climbing ............ j OcTANDRIA Trigynta. 83 Saxifraga oppofitifolia ....... Saxilapé purple a enr ase ^ Mer 84 Saxifraga hirculus.-......... Saxifrage PAT OM Le 1o ee MER m j DzcANDRIA Digynia. Berorlcne-anglica ei eh ihe Catchiy Enola? 2 E e SONS 80 Arenaria trinervia........... Chickweed plantam-leav'd ........ . Dec ep ome 87 Arenaria ferpyllifolia ........ Chickweed thyme-leav'd.......... AND IUSTUS 88 Stellaria uliginofa........... Stichwonts bogs! sx Ie Es eee. J 89 Spergula faginoides ......... Spurrey pearlwort: ; 1.21 22:25 as: ) go Spergula nodofa ............ Spurrey knotted“. uan. qi gi Spergula arvenfis ........... Spürrey Corne: i31 WE CEN 92 Ceraftium puma «oye cn Moufe-ear-Chickweed dwarf ...... » DECANDRIA Pentagynia. 93 Ceraftium tetrandrum........ Moufe-ear-Chickweed tetrandrous . . 94 Ceraftium arvenfe........... Moufe-ear-Chickweed corn ....... 95 Sedum fexangulare.......... Stonecrop inlpid . MERETUR LL] .96 ‘Agrimonia Eupatoria........ Agrimony .. ERN. D^ Io ape DonprcANDRIA Digynia. 97 Euphorbia exigua. . fo mu Sparse Movable: "ov cO PNE DopecanpDRIia Trigynia. 98 Spirea Ulmaria.:.......... Meadow-lweetr 3: EN MOT IcOSANDRIA Pentagynia. 99 Tormentilla officinalis....... Tormentil officinal...... Mm Ver by ion Rolavcaniman Vy Oy e. c TE pr pole domo mor E J IcosanpntA TUARUM roi Glaucium corniculatum...... Horned-Poppy reds. PIA PARS > 102 Ciflus guttatus).. 0.266... Ciftus fpotted-flowerd ........... i 109 Ciflus Helianthemum........ Cllüsdwasbee E cer c earns TH » PoLYANDRIA Monogynia. 104 Papaver dubium............ Poppy long fmooth-headed ....... | 105 Papaver Argemone.......... Poppy long prickly-headed ....... J 1065 Clematis Vitalba............ ravellersoy «m TRU ) 107 Ranunculus Flammula . ;..... Spearwort fmall ....1.5. 2er 108 Ranunculus arvenfis......... Crowfoot.eorn ,.. «esee eres 109 Ranunculus repens.......... Crowfoot creeping ...... eese 5 PoLyANDRIA Polygynia. 110 Ranunculus hederaceus ...... Crowfoot ivy-leavd ...........-. 111 Anemone apennina.......... Anemone mountain ..........--- 112 Helleborus viridis........... Hellebore: green!) 7002 e E J 119 MeliflaNepeta;..,...-..5-5 Calamint field. . .. .. gn ATH ROMS > 114 Melittis Meliffophyllum...... Baftard-Balm .........-.,--. al 115 Galeopfis verficolor ......... Galeopfis parti-coloured.......... 116- Stdchys-arventist: 050.0 pf 2... Stachys cori, 50. c rah S eS eS ' 117 Galeobdolon Galeopfis....... Archangel yellow... ....--.+.-+. S DIDYNAMIA Gymnofpermia. 118 Prunella vulgaris............ Self-heal ... 20... leen 119 Origanum vulgare.......... Marjoram wild .......... eee 120 Teucrium Scorodonia ....... Germander fage-leav'd ........... d 121 Scutellaria minor ........... Hooded-willow-herb fmall........ 122 Euphrafia Latin Name. 122 Euphrafia officinalis ......... 129 Rhinanthus Crifta galli....... 124 Scrophularia aquatica........ 125 Antirrhinum Peloria......... 126 Antirrhinum minus.......... 127 Antirrhinum Orontium....... 123 Orobanche major ........... 129 Sinapis arvenfis............. GSTOES 00055 3) SAC 0 SSS er sl xus ee 131 Raphanus Raphaniftrum...... 192 Cardamine hirfuta........... poo Durids saber sec. sce 194 Sifymbrium terreftre......... 195 Sifymbrium Irio .........,.. 136 Sifymbrium Nafturtium ...... 197 Eryfimum officinale ......... 198 Thlafpi campeftre 3322 cod EE Peo. hiaipiarvenie os 140 Iberis nudicaulis ............ 141 Geranium parviflorum ....... 142 Geranium diffectum......... 143 Geranium pratenfe .......... 144 Malva mofchata ............ 145 Fumaria capreolata. ......... 1209 Vica -Oragea 2« ose ses du 147 Lathyrus Aphaca «........... 149 Lathyrus Niffolia..........., 149 Lathyrus fylveltris........... -150 Spartium {coparium......... 151 Ornithopus perpufillus ...... . 152 Trifolium fcabrum pond mronum-arvente 0... an 154 Trifolium ochroleucum 155 Trifolium glomeratum 150 Trifolium procumbens....... 157 Hypericum. quadrangulum. . . 158 Hieracium ‘Pilofella......... 159 Hieracium umbellatum 160 Leontodon hirtum .......... 161 Leontodon hifpidum 162 Crepis tectorum 163 Sonchus arvenfis 164 Sonchus paluftris............ 165 Cichorium Intybus 166 Prenanthes muralis 167 Bidens tripartite... 06. ee 168 Carduus tenuiflorus ee oe 2 we e 437 ^ e eR ER agains. ducat c TCI. anre t2 Ay el e" nto 9 Fe E ve" ie d nM TEE TE IP IN D E X. Enghfh Name, | Clafs and Order. Eyebrtght common... ais. do tus ) Yellow rattle or Cock’s-comb...... E igWpEb Walgba 1... Anto SR Peloria.. 2... 0... cee eeees ses. s > DIDYNAMIA Angiofpermia . Toad-flax leaft..... b UES PICO: bagpisagon rad fo Mu o Mecum Broom-rape common ............ J Sung. o le Peu mre 5 Minatarea: White Bee LM iis Teo Epid erc URSA PN Set Ladiesdmock hairy 0.0)... 6.5. Tower-muftard fmooth......... .. f? TETRADYNAMIA Sz/guofa. D JG EN co dt Qa oter-Crels d ben wan am Hedse-muftard 2 Pod, 1o vu J Niithnidatesmuliard lc teme Boyle , | EOTycnoisie e e e Sap cM d TETRADYNAMIA Sifrculofa. Wocksereiseys Dems Ch ele ne aye Crane’s-bill fmall-flowered ....... P | Grdues-biloyessed ees. 2, low MoNApErLPHIA Decandria. Oranes-bill-Growfoot Poo pnenms j Mallow: mulfk. ose ICDIMONADELPHIÀ Polyandria. Ponmtory TAM pie (enw mu oA OR DiapzrtPHiA- Hexandria, orem Hed otra awe D ascimr npo ) A orn gd Sy ede We x sva BUD eco | Vetch crimifon grafs ...... lr E | Vetchling narrow-leaved.......... | BLGOMm- COMMON... ae Rive Ee DArd soot COmMOM . 2 ww That: » DiapELPHIA Decandria, Trefoil rough... .. VOS x Bra MR Mec, | IN SLOUSSPGS OO EOD Vu. Glover yellówegnwos es ote TIS ter Trefoil round-headed ............ Aretorl procakibegp: T. Ye yu us J St. John’s-wort fquare-ftalked ....... PorvapzLPHiA Pelyandria. Wicrlescante tta dre esu. ) Hawk-weed bufhy. 3. hoe ae Bandehboncdetficientci 2$ suu. Dendeltontrouph-t s sors un Succory-Hawkweed [mooth ...... . | DOPO CONNU ca RR el oe cte cet M EPUM ONE | SUCEOL DCR MER i hem Sr See Wild-lettuce ivy-leaved »SYNGENESIA Polygamia Aiqualis, Hemp-agrimony trifid........... | Thiftle flender-Howered .......... 169 Carduus polyacanthos........ dqtespsreleliefte me Pectus page: Carduuspalultrisy ....-— 2.5 SE icckdtesbane py OMNES ie See, eee oe | ite Candanaarvenkdis v1 t. Maiitle SYNGENESIA Polygamia Superflua. 178 Senecio erucefolius.......... Ixanwort NOdny eee 025 xo ey, 2x igo vAnthbemisGotula.. «5. isis. Mascweed fmliage eyes vs 180 Matricaria Chamomilla....... Camomile:eomec. S6 EDS letus J 181. Centaurea Cyanus........:..Blue-bottle corn. .............000, SYNGENESIA Polygamia Fruftraned. - 182 Jafione montana............ 15980. obelia urens =. 2 so... at 184 Orchis latifolia ............. Rove CUm cO TOT DNE 186. Orchis:bilolias wc... 1971 OphrysIpiralisz c. 6 2 188 Ophrys fucifera............. 189 Ophrys anthropophora....... Sheeps-fcabious hairy............ . : S SYN ES 4onov ama. Lobeliasactidooys eee: 2L. } SYNGENESIA Monogamta DIL X O@rehisunaantae c og! ve aus > OCG eraat d seks) ew, i DEL ER Orenis-buttertive b cames. ute : ; 5 APPONI UR y '"U > Gynanpria Drandria, Ophrys green-winged TOU eae ke uus siu Lae ev, cA eed eo J B 190 Carex i 200 o Mercurialis annua TR pe ye 5 n Vj [| Y we VN 2 5 , "Ajo xv TA K 1 & . - EA ^ b ^ x 1 Y - P ' n ^ c Y ars 2 | Carex g actu ] eio IO ER 3 ^ 217 Phallus caninus du 391. Ca rn acuta. Tok Sateen | pe Salix Aer: p LOO s ; 199 ‘Salix triandra . 20r ois bru 202 Holcus mollis Nim 209 Parietaria officinalis 204 ag arvenfe. Nous 205 Bryum Biibouior. gon ; ..Bryum bearded: 206 Phafcum acaulon 207 Phafcum fabulatum: $ 208 Jungermannia complanata. 54 209 Agaricus aurantius . 210 Agaricus sruginolus. 211 Agaricus floccofus. . 212 Agaricus procerus 219 Agaricus velutipes ue Agaricus carnofus. 215 Agaricus verrucofus 216 Boletus lucidus 4 » 5 ay "n [2 20] ^ * - * $ ek - T4 4 “ty bi Wal n ; € Y 1-2 *»- * 4 E - oe r ae 5 EIL ve SIN S ees e 6 © c£! © © 9 £1 6 ejXs Jw. Se 9j Se s fe m * Rob o9 9 o4 ow n E . -Soft-grafs creeping- BeOS : UE -Pellitory of the. wall. . 1-5 SM n ipte * "RNC QU acci verius Wee dw T rw Se Stl Me LT SLM T D ee e sk e e rm. rhe e. uda wis c cx viene e LOC OBRDUEXSEI &' x oe eer ey Fs !Oatex turgid _, Nettle fmall. . VEU hitters . Hlorfe-tail corn ° ~ hae a oy ; ux great . oce ae: Ts ..Carex acute. . HEU Mod. Te | Lo EAM . Carex flender (piked eee v pis de art A: | Ard s ORE BLAM END 94 Spargar 1ofum . . , Buitrateed reat. i22, c9 (model ans 395 Ud dic: ore Pee Sind . .Burr-reed {mall . ! .Nettle common or great. " LT bah Sosy a es 8 ite) CS) ee: te E Mesi adul de I Osee D -Soft-grafs. usados pee hit ie HY L. BARACMENC (f nilisdneyitngs * ; . Willow. triandrous, T Ims ali Pr eae thy grum , 36 [ARV See Aon), if PII £ M PA ee : AE SER vv E d. 3 asbl 25 ee f: e o9 o on ie m pue = n as Te ee bs, Be SPA Sores, een ee : SS | Pu t. 15 veneta d Pu ie *À ; A nem Dind dubiis an Xt SR ILES s Lie" | Drosera ne ee ure E Ub im OS VO WA 3i » m tah ve B * ‘ * FRA TE T aes Porvoawta Mosel, Adi deine ot ' BID fit UON: "E ) 7 > 3 E T Ju ia a, | _ Caverocanta Filios / qui DET i +a) aft Ba. Lee tbe be Com ove slatim. gigi Ort! y NEXUWIRC PUDE xs e Eos du Phafcum common..... DUM Cavrrocamsa Mu TRAD . . Phafcum heath: ...... oet qud SSIdcK. sio CRORE febliaein A 2 gin xt Mean ntes . Jungermannia flat........... es Dur roca Age p jist ee jens Müllirbom- oranges 11... GE dns Bt co s iur i Muthroom-verdigris s... dus pe VR pd Mufhroom fhaggy....... ioi ZW ERRARE 1. Lue in RR LODS (83 fü me Miuthtoom tallies dopo RUE COM , mi MES Mufhroom velvet-flalked.......... Um ‘Caverocanta yo. ae Mufhroom flefhy.......... Sr, Sethi ND Pitre MDC T . TA sony x] Muthliroom.-warty. e m poc PH acted Boletus lacquer d. X 1295 ed faa. Pb dpi. «aida bv Mele me DER Soares . . Morell red-headed.. . TU is MP ELLA pea any í d T M nO e za teri 5 od iS Haske 'J uh i. oso den RUE Valen METTI... es a^i o HIE FER nad i sce d iere * d à - enters ae T "je fo ita itg. Seat (e iria 3 wi 48g 23] x onidleir: | * Bf ERU yokes n Mu zw UP T e. USB MS HNIC See re ete " cian od (rfe d üt 18M it V x Sp ILE «3r EXPO Ut oodd ONES 1 a ] 2 HER xti 4 "etos d EX Wie ee C rent Ag v» "uh amet RRA o: id PAASa Aiea Sa AS ab Wd Woe VUE cane TET UCeyeter o NATOS dur eb CHIT PIC ed 38 Mao rabies I Aus, AUSTR VN dni ineo ES Cod jc ud oo =< ted cae eins dee eS ien rete) "Vn hd N nes bsc (EST si Ub mov HF ualent aoe cM tals 2A ENS (o SEN NARI na Lamune eerta waltiüe A3 T CERE DUI IS ETUR NAYTIAE find ) 0 een acd eae nali de d press "m A y auci igus t wise ola Aine RO yup ue a ER ebelavises Va e nte A e en MM va. m pM i SES à } | d A 2 Jed cH. WAT UE Ba lol ; mou ES eri Bes ae ^oc Vig fub TOP LANE NET ; da dv e o P estas + DE Es en Vir onde ZI se a my RoR Oe vi UE Aer “ibis 7 ipee sd e Xov p M fy ba DENT T wt d aes MON EA cals at aid KE: Jn ALAS ak T. abes s VN : rate hee vu iie i-e ras ets thoi Donat ‘ere ey ME Y “In which the Latin Names of the Plants in the Fourth, Fifth, Achillea Millefolium Achillea Ptarmica Agaricus EMPTIS moi. acd 13 Agaricus eruginofus Agaricus carnofus Agaricus floccofus Agaricus procerus Agaricus velutipes Agaricus verrucofus Agrimonia Eupatoria Agroflis fetacea Aira caryophyllea Alifma Damafonium ... Alifma Plantago ‘Anthemis Cotula Antirrhinum minus........... 1262 i Hy pericum quadrangulum 1.5 Antirrhinum Orontium- Antürrhinum Peloria Arttium Lappa . c din trinervia Afperula odorata Bidens tripartita . Boletus lucidus Atropa Belladonna Bromus giganteus Bryum.barbatum ..........L. Bunium Bulbocaftanum Campanula rotundifolia Cardamine hirfuta Carduus arvenfis Carduus paluliris Carduus polyacanthos Carduus tenuiflorus Carex acuta Carex gracilis Carex riparia Carex ventricofa Caucalis infefta Centaurea Cyanus Ceraftium arvenfe Ciftus guttatus - Clematis Vitalba Crepis tectorum Cynogloffum officinale......... 46 % Parietaria officinalis abun Stramonium Equifetum arvenfe Erica vulgaris -Euphorbia exigua . Euphrafia officinalis Fefluca elatior . , Ceraftium pumilum Ceraftium tetrandrum Cherophyllum fylveftre Chzrophyllum temulum Chenopodium hybridum Chenopodium murale Chenopodium olidum Chenopodium rubrum Chironia Centaurium Chryfanthemum Leucanthemum 174 à Ornithopus perpufillus Chryfanthemum fegetum Cichorium Intybus. _ IN D EX, are arranged Alphabetically. and Sixth Fafciculi *,* The Figures refer to them, as arranged by the Linnazan Ixprx. T... ww oa y». 5 * 9/747. 9 ^. 9 w. * À * Bg £4 «UAM. iom TR e o ee Pia ge es Af ical - £4 ru ut qn. DEM Nu cé Be JU n LECT een T» v u$. y.» w^ nee nt oe ee Se eke v EH e t » Alopecurus geniculatus Alopecurus pratenfis Anemone. apennina 5 Bo Td ae TON ne 9" WE. wow $E ew S Q7. 9*9 v eno en eee ne vov. Pate nie 3 s ee Nm et Exo oe o» ^ ot Arenaria ferpyllifolia 4" ui ek ee & wo» EE So ke VA VIC s LUE 3. a EM ENS a s MUMS diaudtrds . Ab Vh 18 à Leontodon hifpidum "ET rb NECI ES cT] wk. RE I "h.e uon * b aer qu RTL Li a c. v aea Thug xo V a TER m ue MESE» DUTY cL PLU E aet Men Caucalis Anthrifcus oC nee Tar eps Ww «. * MIS b E tof oo s o9 t n EE rpm A d eque ec qoa uo eo o9 ee ew on on a RS en oe OTP ese NM MEI vs ash. 'Ciftus Hehanthemum et SP ae bur d Xe E ale ue acea ed ^. a. Convallaria majalis sue 129 SIN. Cette au sutor, dE e Hm s ee a er GU Ree ene, Sp «o ous eq ne oar V^ 4 Eriophorum polyftachion Enophorum vaginatum E bon officinale * od ^. ÉSTOS SY t ter x eU. oP eT, + et ee ew a oe, ea ew) 177 € Feftyca lohacea .............. 22 Polygonum amphibium........ 91 176 à Feftuca pratenfis,........ suus. 21$ ; Polygonum Convolvulus ....... 82 .208 $ Fumaria capreolata .......... M $ Potamogeton crifpum ..,...... 41 8092 * Galeobdolon Galeopfis ....... * Prenanthes muralis........... 166 219 & Galeopfis verficolor.......... 1 ora & Primula acaulis ;.. 1.2.1 0 AES 210? Galium verum ....... suis. 367 Hrtioulasfamnola oot BOSE 53 211 à Geranium diffe@um.......... 142 & © Primula officinalis-......... Bie 212 $ Geranium parviflorum........ 141 & Prunella. vulgaris... .... Lus. 119 214 ? Geranium pratenfe,.......... 143 * Pulmonaria maritima. ......... 54 .96 € - Glaucium corniculatum....... 101 à Ranunculus arvenfis.......... 108 14 * Helleborus viridis............ 112 * Ranunculus Flammula........ 107 .15 + Hieracium Pilofella.......... 1583 3 Ranunculus hederaceus ....... 110 .79 * Hieracium umbellatum....... 159$ Ranunculus repens... ........ 109 78 $ Hippuris vulgaris... ..)...0...5 e: ; Raphanus Raphaniftrum...... 191 ie aBiolcus-lanatüs .-... ese: 201 à Rhinanthus Crifta galli........ 123 v Holcüs mollis. ...7 5/00. 214. soos Róla-canina- cc: 7 11 Vii.) too 1114 Hordeum murinum........... 23 : Rumex Acetofella........., yin 179 9 * Hydrocotyle vulgaris tae breue O4 5asma apetala ci. UT LEES. 40. 157 & ? Salix monandra ....... ND TEYOS 127 % iMiberismudicsulis m. 20, RSS 140 s Salix-triandra Joli LT. 199 125 * Jafione montana vd REL. Lt 182 *Salvim verbenaca-:+......)..., 2 1731 s$'Juncus.pilefüs.« 22:2 ror ein 74 & = Samolus valérandi......... Big! 167 wJuncus-Tylvaticus . «v. 2t MS. 73 * Saxifraga Hirculus,........... 94 .85à Jungermannia complanata ....207$ ! Saxifraga oppofitifolia......... 83° 53 & Lathyrus Aphaca....9. sss 147 $ & Scabiofa arvenfis............. 38 50 $ Lathyrus Niffolia 1.0.0.0... pS + 5candix Peter... 2012732 2 2T? 763 167 & Lathyrus fylveltris........... 149 + Scrophularia aquatica ........ 124 2155 Leontodon hirtum........... 160 $Scilla autumnalis ............. 71 i RENIE SE: 161; Scirpus maritimus.., 2.0)... 7.44 19$ : Leucojum aftivum. oy... 0... 72% Scutellaria minor......... Bc ye ed! 205% Liguftrum vulgare... 5.0.2... 3z5edum fexangulare........... 95 .Go# Linum ufitatifimum........... 69 & Senecio erucefolius .......... 179 48% * Lobelia urens........... .183 $ Sherardia arvenfis ..........:. 39 132: TE ycophis arvenfis 40.3 01s. do 5ilene anghicae n riis rro Y DUPTR 85 171 * Lyfimachia nemorum.......... 43 * Sinapis alis. ! och Peaks ah ne Toc 170? Lyfimachia vulgaris... 00... ... 445 Sinapis AVES Mme Se 129 1699 | Malva ugiat De ms RN Ta mms. 144 4 9ifymbrium Ino............. 195 168 * Matricaria Chamomilla ....... 180 * Silymbrium Nafturtium,...... 196 1914 : Melica cerulea............... 24 s Silymbrium terreftre ......... 194 boo Melicaenueaasn Vr eT ue 26 #Sonchus arvenfis:.....,...... 163 1907 Melica umilora....,...+......252Sonchus paluftris 5.0.20... 164 199 & joa Ma. INepeta z a e aa, 119 % Sparganium ramolum- < 9.0 194 .62 % Melittis Meliflophyllum....... 114% Enn funplex. 21 QUU EOS 63 3 . Menyanthes teo quel 50$ Spartium fcoparium AU MMC 150 181 * Mercurialis annua. ....... 9. Boo" Spersula anvemlise Ml ETE 91 94: Militum effufüm $i... 277.5 Spergula odora od xc udo ro 9o .92& Myofurus minimus,.....,..... 703 Spergula lap imoidesur OO DIAC: 80 -93 $ Onopordum Acanthium ...... 172 * Spirzza Ulmaria....... bed WU CIN 59 & Ophrys anthropophora ....... 189 & Stachys arvenfis.........,... 116 Gr pbrys fucifeta v... eov 188 $ Stellaria uliginofa...........0. 68 WO7ee@pnrys [piralis. |... yere 187 & Symphytum. óllicinaleJ Uis us 49 "GGEPTDrchis-bilolia 35223223 2. ue 186 $ Teucrium Scorodonia ........ 190 Ma p rchiseae, Sere <, c SR RR - jos Tblafprarvenfe sU > EE 199 .65 $ Orchis latifolia... .....0...... 184 & Thlafpi campeftre ........... 198 .57#Origanum vulgare.........., 119 * Tormentila oficinalis......... 99 Vier act 1514 Trifolium arvenfe.......,....159 17545 Orobanche major............ 128 $ Trifolium glomeratum........ 155 165 1 Panicum Crus galli «4. ee... 4. 28 Trifolium ochroleucum ....... 154 102 4 Panicum fanguinale........... 2C 4 Trifolium procumbens........ 150 103 * Panicum verticillatum......... 31% Trifolium feabrum........... 152 166.4 Panicum viride... ..2..;0.....- Ho's Furritisrelabfan vw eer ees 199 .76% Papaver Argemone .......... roacv Urtica dioica. e CIT 2! 196 162 3, Papaver dubii ons ia gens 104: Urticàurens . MC mte 197 2 55090 203 $ * Valeriana dioica...............9 - 55 $ Peplis porpula. 7225 ec S OU 75% Valeriana Locufta “oh eT oss. 10 204 & Phallus caninus.............. 216 5 Valeriana officinalis..........,, 8 80 # Phafcum aou ep NN d nM 206 $ Veronica Amagallis .1, 7 X VLL. 6 :12j $ , Phafcum fuübulatum.......... 206 ? Veronica montana ,... esses 7 13$ Plantago media .............. 37$ $ Veronica feutellata............. 5 for eG da AAMC RD? o d rods p Ree 34 $ Veronica triphyllos ............ 4 .97 i & Poa procumbens ............. 29:4; Vacia Cracedc dos 0382s roy vy. 146 Toss Poarctrollexa, «Aon eem oos 2 Wiga DrajoE zr I anre n 45 204 à INDE X, f RG SEE BE pace ante oor JBC ate HG itte ito ade iie e He Bie Me iM KE se ide ide ide onte did ee ee ea eh oe ee ee ee ee BORE ST SW SW Sae Si Xu SAK TW Se THe SC Swe Swe Se 3 9e SBE BEF Xt E E GS DON) Di Ee X, In which the Englifh Names of the Plants in the Fourth, Fifth, ahd Sixth Fafciculi are arranged Alphabetically. *,* The Figures refer to them, fuppofing them arranged by the Linn zay Ixpzx. Agrimony . «iiie — .96 * Goofe-foot fmall-feeded. ........65 $ Po long fmooth-headed. . . .16 Agroftis Sheep's fefcue-leaved Banca, H Goofefoot thorn-apple-leaved . . 6) à Benes or Wild Lettuce 166 Anemone MOGI! os Fone 4 111 $ Hair-grafs flver. c... oiu Les. i SP role... coe AER 51 Archangel yellow... lios 117 $ Hawk-weed bufhy ........... i5bsePrlvet or Primpobsee s SHE b Darley-grafs wall .............22 $ Heath common ............-. 8o Purflane water ..........-000. 75 Baftard-Balm .... 11. cts 114 * Hedge-muftard.... 0.1... iáp "Radifh wild... uu tele 191 Bediiiraw yellow. adeniczti sus 864 Hellebore green: eiie 112% Ragwort hoary............ (C178 tBall-Flower heat aie! cus eene 49 € Hemp-agrimony trifid........ 1675 d ock-crels 5. teint zx 140 EXIT S«CyG - 1s. eienpuevbpe eU peo ce 53 à Hooded-Willow-Herb fmall...121$ Rocket London............. 195 Dirds-foot common.......... 151 Horned-Poppyred........... ioxcgRSofe dos... sendy. NOTOS 100 «usted nieto reed eI. n corde 68$ Horfe-tail corn... 2. eere 204 € Rufh great hairy wood........ 78 Blue-botde corn. ....... sse. 161 4 Hounds-Tongue ...... lesen 46 àRufh {mall hairy wood. ....... 74 Doletus lager da ur aired 215% Jungermannia flat ........... 207 ¥ Sage or Clary wild............,. 2 Brome-grafs diandrous.....,... 18 à Ladies-fmock hairy .......... 199% Saxifrage marfh.......... py 84 Brome-grafs tall. ............. ioseLadies-traces .. ». . der 4 187 $ Saxifrage purple ............. 89 Jonponi COMMON. .. Lo saat asd 150 $ Lathyrus crimfon. ..... sse 148 ?-Scabious field ls. daunted. tug 38 Broom-rape common......... 128 = Lily of the Valley. i... sss Vrdt-begL -l.. me o cU, 118 i2rvinm bearded plas! gor 2959 Lobelia acrid . 0.0. ca 183 * Sheeps-fcabious hairy......... 182 [EPO DEOS e 2 ee fient Ars es 50 à Loofe-flrife yellow.........+4. 44 à Shepherd's-needle 4........... 61 Buckwheat climbing .......... üeselsunoswont-[ed. 1-. oki doe 208 54 $ Sherardia. field ata mung Puslols Held |. sene ient 42% Mallow. mufk ... come 144 2 Snapdragon fmall............ 127 Burdocks. Oso. Pisaiate votes ios Mares Tall. iba co mee serait: 1x/Sneeze-wWOEb. c... Nec. Ema 176 Durrercedeoreat (Los a. equite 1945 MarJoram-wild .. sies s 119 * Snowflake fummer............ 72 Burrreed. falls? | decor moet 105 à May-weed ftinking........... 179 & Soft-grafs creeping........... 202 Calamint field... e prend 113 $ Meadow-grafs procumbent ..... 39 **Soft-grafs meadow ........... 201 Caraomile.corn. ; «aces 180 2 Meadow-grafs reflexed......... oo dsorrel.fheeps.. dem Lo POE 77 Carex’ acute. cip obs agar 191 & Meadow-grafs water........... 34#Sow-thiftle corn............. 163 Carex great or common....... 190 * Meadow-[weet ..........40008. 98 ? Sow-thiflle tree..........502.. 164 Carex flender-fpiked.......... 192 + Melic-grafs blue...........4.. 24 à Spearwort fmall............. 107 (rex: tel TOh. c e erre exo 199 * Melic-grafs mountain.......... ob peedwell bog. . est. 5 4g E 5 Catch-Fly Englifh ............ 95 3 Melic-grafs fingle-flowered .....25 % Speedwell mountain ........... 7 CAUICANIS COND 5 eso eee, Glee 69 & Mercury annual............. 200% Speedwell trifid ............... 4 Cavcalis Dodge- pike eee ah reg 62 ? Millet-Grafs wood..........-: 27 * Speedwell water......s........ 6 f'Ucntatitys ser 2c. apie my ace Sep tul 57 à Mithridate-muflard .......... 198-Spurge Toma]l ... t eae 97 RAT RO GK BPS vcs.) eos vagina 129 $ Moneywort wood...........-- 49 # Spurrey corn... oT E NS 91 Chickweed plantain-leaved ..... 865 Morell red-headed........... 216 4 Spurry kuotied. c mtem emm go Chickweed thyme-leaved. ...... Br rao d[e eate c x cc Em 158 $ Spurry pearlwort............. 99 Ciltus warts Nasiceti traces: 109 € Moufe-Ear-Chickweed corn ....94 2 Squill autumnal ........ AM 7t Ciftus fpotted-flowered........ 102 $& Moufe-Ear-Chickweed dwarf ...92 &Stachyscorn....... eese 116 Glover vel Owe. LS mar D edes 154 * Moufe-Ear-Chickweedtetrandrousgg * Stichwort bog.............+. 88 Club-Rufh round-rooted or fea. .11 £ Moufe-Tail...... eie 70 iSt. John’s-wort fquare-ftalked. . 157 Cominey. c $e prestat athe eto 49$ Mufhroom flefhy ......,..... 219 &Stonecrop infipid............. 95 Corn-marigold ps... eee ee 175 * Mufhroom orange........... agb euccory: blue; _ abes f DR 165 (2om«5alad - cost s Lez 10& Mufhroom fhaggy..:........ 210% Succory-Hawkweed fmooth . . 16» Cotton-Graís many-headed. ....12 ? Mulhroom tall .,............ 2x19 Ebiflle.curfed.. «m omia 171 Cotton-Grafs fingle-headed..... 13 $ Mufhroom velvet-flalked......212 & Thiflle marfh ............... 170 (vottonsiiile 2 4L oe 20.172 & Mushroom verdigris.......... 209 Thiflle prickhieft.......+..... 169 Cow-Parfley common......... 58% Mufhroom warty .........-+- 214 2 Thiftle flender-flowered....... 168 AGoqw-parlley fraall - 125. eda 594 Muftard white... oes 130 Thorn-apple. ... i.e 55 (Oo Me c abents tari ctn puseMertle orent c. Cu vU 196 € Toad-flax leaft............., 126 Crane’s-bill Crowfoot......... 143 à Nettle foall «221... 29d Lue 197 & "Pormentil 3; an T aielana ee 99 Cxanss-bill 3agugde ecco css es 149 & Ophrys green-winged.... ....188*$ Tower-muftard fmooth ....... 133 Crane'hs-bi]l fmall-Hiowered . .. . . 141 Dry DOAN > ay wre ES ERE 189 $ Travellersjoy ...... eese 100 Cihowioot. 160 #Ox-eye common. zs. «iis e 1745 Trefoil round-headed......... 155 Dandelion rough ............ 161 $ Panic-grafs cock’s-foot.......-.29 4 Valerian marfh... 2... sss e eens 9 Dwale, or Deadly Nightlhade. . . 56 à Panic-grafs green........+.... 30$ Valerian wild. ...... esee 8 djtarth-Nipte c re 2 Matta ohh eee 60 € Panic-grafsloofe..... 1.2.4.6 65 28 $ Vetch crimfon grafs .. ........149 Everlafting-Pea narrow-leav'd. . 149 à Panic-grafs rough.........++.. 31 à Vetchling yellow ....... see 147 Eyebright common.......... 122 * Pearlwort annual........+.... 4o# Vetch tufted. i... 146 Fefcue-grafs darnel............22%Pellitory of the Wales As n zn 209 à Water-crels «... liene 136 Fefcue-grafs meadow .......... 21 4 Pelonta. » erscuituremeu moet 125* Water-Pimpernel round-leaved. .47 Pelicicueserais tall 134 cx pores i 20 * Penny-crefs PO Se TE ERR 1392 Water-plantain greater ........ 78 EIpwO( WS. citer vectes 124 Penny-wort marfh ............ 64 a Water-plantain flarry-headed ...7g PIGK: color «eadera tme 69$ Perrywinkle great ........ 45 $ Water-radifh annual......... 134 Foxtail-grafs jointed...........16% Perficaria amphibious. ......... 81 à Wild-lettuce ivy-leaved. . ..... 106 Foxtail-grafs meadow ......... 17 à Phafcum common ..........- 206 9 Willow bitter. £v epee 1 98 Fumitory ramping ........... 145 $ Phafcum heath.............. 206 & Willow three-threaded .......199 - Galeopfis particoloured....... 1154 Plantain hoary .......... rey e 37% Wroodrult... ... septate ae 35 Germander fage-leaved ....... 120% Pondweed curled.........-.+. 41$ Yarrow common .....-.--+-- 177 Goofefoot nettle-leaved........ 663 Poppy long prickly-headed.. . 1105 $ Yellow-Rattle ........ i188 CER e ERAS acd 29 TON j^ Ve yt we " ' n ; ‘ 7 i 4 e : = : 2 - * reete I a temer rp mg re Palen rapi ee - dem - z : M 2e EL "EA z Lea Cac Lipa ae ene e m ; Se eo Eo ' eee = 3 Rr d UR a icd i ^ me CU MT E ENS H rt yrtitala pq hhh eo T 1 THIS Ls - - . 9T 2ycphj-er£z iE ETE "ee ju |n js ^