p

FLUIDITY AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 121
TABLE XXXI.—A COMPARISON OP THE VALUES OF ASSOCIATION AS DETEK-

MINED BY DlPFEEENT INVESTIGATORS

Substance
R. & S.,1 16-46°
R. & S., corrected by Traube
Traube,2 15°
Longi-nescu8
B. & H.,4 temperature of (<£ = 200)

Water ..... . ...........
f 3.55
1.79
3.06
4.67
2.31

Dimethyl ketone .........
\1.64 1 26
1 18
1 53
1 60
1 23

Diethyl ketone ..........

1 25
1.16

Methyl propyl ketone. . . Formic acid ...........
1.11 3 61
1.10 2 41
1.43 1 80
1.25 1 80
1.14 2 05

Acetic acid .........
f 3.62
2.32
1.56
1.75
1.77

Propionic acid .........
\2.13 1.77
1 45
1 46
1 55
1 57

Butyric acid
1 58
1 35
• 1 39
1 36
1 51

laobutyric acid. ... ....
1.45
1 28
1 31

1 51

[Benzene
1 01
1 05
1 18

> 1 17 <Cl 31

Toluene. ... ........
0 94
1 01
1 08
....
>1 08 <1 517

Methyl alcohol
i3. 43
2.53
1.79
3.17
1.84

Ethyl alcohol ............
2.32
2.74
1.80
1.67
2.11
1.83

Propyl alcohol . .
1.65 2 25
1 70
1 66
1 67
1 74

Isopropyl alcohol
2 86
2 00
1 53

1 75

Butyl alcohol ............
1.94

1.47
1 62

Isobutyl alcohol
1 95
1 53
1 54

1 66

Active amyl alcohol ...... Allyl alcohol ............
1.97 1.88
1.54 1.50
1.53 1.55
1.80
1.54 1.69

Methyl formate
1 06
07
(1 60)
1 12
1 25

Ethyl formate ........
1.07
.08
1 . 39o°

1.19

Methyl acetate ..........
1.00
.04
1 . 48o°
1.09
1.17

Ethyl acetate . . .
0 99
04
1 25
1 00
1 12

Propyl acetate .... ......
0.92
.00
1.31
1.00
1.11

Ethyl propionate ........
0.92
1.00
1.27
0.94
1.08

Methyl butyrate
0.92
1 00
1 30o°
1.00
1.10

1 RAMSAY and SHIELDS, Zeitschr.f. phyaik. Chem., 12, 464 (1893); 15, 115 (1894).
« TRAUBE, Ber. d. deutach. chem. GeselL, 30, 273 (1897).
« J. chim. Phys., 1, 289 (1903).
* BINGHAM and HAKRISON, loc. cit.
results from the different methods, it is interesting to observe
that it should be possible to calculate the volume, surface
tension, et cetera, even of associated liquids from their atomic
constants and their fluidities.
Fluidity and Chemical Constitution.—Dunstan and Thole
(Viscosity of Liquids, page 31) have very properly called attention
to the fact that the differences between the calculated and
observed values of the fluidity in Table XXV "are due not only