Vi PREFACE The work would hardly have been possible without the material help that has been generously given by many members of the staff of the Geophysical Section of the Gulf Research Labora- tory. Various parts of the manuscript have been read by indi- viduals particularly familiar with the subject matter. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help thus given by James Affleck, Thomas Bardeen, Milton Dobrin, C. H. Drcsbach, L. W. Gard- ner, 8. Hammer, G, B, Lamb, M. Muskat, B. Perkins, Jr., 0. F. Ritzmann, W. B. Robinson, C. A. Swartz, V. V. Vacquier, and R. D. Wyckoff. Special acknowledgment is due to T. A. Elkins, who read most of the manuscript and provided part of the bibliography, to W. L, Dowler, who mode all the drawings, and to Elmina Lewis for all the stenographic work. Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Paul D. Foote, director of the Gulf Research Laboratory, for his interest and for the stenographic and other facilities provided by the laboratory and to him and Dr. E. A. Eckhardt for permission to undertake this work. L. L. NETTLETON. Gulf Research and Development Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., July, 1940.