72 Phonology [§§ 152-3

guages developed an u before this -w- which united with the
preceding vowel to form a diphthong, or u (when the pre-
ceding vowel was u). The conditions under which this
sound-change took place have not yet been satisfactorily
explained. The examples are:—Goth, bliggwan, OE.
*bleowan, OHG. bliuwan, to strike] Goth, triggws,
O.IceL tryggr, OE. triewe, OS. OHG. triuwi, true, faith-
/ul, cp. also Goth, triggwaba, truly, triggwa, covenant;
Goth. *glaggwus, exact, accurate, O.IceL gloggr, OE.
gleaw,OHG. glau (inflected form glauwer), wise, prudent ]
cp. also Goth, glaggwo (av.); diligently, glaggwuba (av.),
diligently, accurately; Goth, skuggwa, O.IceL skugg-sja,
mirror, OE. scuwa, OHG* sciiwo, shade, shadow.

§ 152. Germanic j remained in Gothic : (i) Initially, as
juggs, OS, OHG. Jung, young; jer, year] juk, yoke.
(2) Medially between vowels which remained as such in the
historic period of the language, except in the combination
sej-h vowel, as frijonds, friend] fijan, to hate; ija (ace.),
her; ]?rija (neut.), three] stqjan, to judge. For the treat-
ment of asj in Goth, see § 76. (3) Medially between a
consonant and a following guttural vowel which remained
as such in the historic period of the language, as lewjan, to
betray] frawardjan, to destroy; harjos, armies ] hairdjos,
shepherds; nasjan, to save; sokjan, to seek. Cp. § 157.
§ 153. Medial -ft- became -I- before -s, older -z, after the
loss of a vowel in final syllables, as nom. hairdeis from
*xir4ij-az, shepherd] freis from *£rijj-az,yw*; gasteisfrom
*gastij-iz, guests = Lat. hostes from *hostejes.
Germanic -iji- from older -eje-, -ye- became i(j)i = i after
long closed stem-syllables and after unaccented syllables,
but -ji- in other cases, as sokeis, thou seekest, from
*s6kiCJ)izi = Indg. *sag6jesi; sokei]?f he seeks, from