WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:08.760 Now, Edward R. Murrow and the voices of Thomas E. Dewey, Arthur Vandenberg, Herbert Hoover, 00:08.760 --> 00:15.240 Dwight D. Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles, Sam Rayburn, Joseph Martin, Walter Winchell, 00:15.240 --> 00:21.240 Charles Wilson, Warren Austin, Wayne Morse, the cab drivers of New York, the new Congress 00:21.240 --> 00:27.400 of the United States, and more than 40 other men and women in the news in the fourth performance 00:27.400 --> 00:34.000 of Hear It Now, a full hour report on the week's news presented tonight and every week 00:34.000 --> 00:36.000 at this time. 00:36.000 --> 00:51.080 Capitol, Congressman Vinson of Georgia, the lines are busy. 00:51.080 --> 00:53.080 Will you wait a moment, please? 00:53.080 --> 00:56.200 Capitol, Senator Tidings, I'm sorry. 00:56.200 --> 00:58.200 We don't have an office for Senator Tidings. 00:58.200 --> 01:08.480 It gives me great pleasure to present to you your speaker and my speaker, the honorable 01:08.480 --> 01:12.760 Sammy Rayburn of Texas. 01:12.760 --> 01:17.200 You haven't got to worry about being hit by the animal, killed by some bullet or some 01:17.200 --> 01:20.760 little person about four feet, five inches, come running around in a bayonet through you 01:20.760 --> 01:21.760 while you're asleep. 01:21.760 --> 01:45.880 Hear It Now, the Columbia Broadcasting System and 173 affiliated radio stations present 01:45.880 --> 01:51.720 a document for ear based on the week's news and the men and women who made it. 01:51.720 --> 01:54.440 All the voices and sounds you will hear are real. 01:54.440 --> 01:59.720 They are presented as they were spoken in the heat and confusion of a world in crisis. 01:59.720 --> 02:03.980 It is broadcast in the hope that the collection of these scraps of sound into a weekly recorded 02:03.980 --> 02:10.320 history may add another dimension to our understanding in the difficult days ahead. 02:10.320 --> 02:17.280 Here is the editor of Hear It Now, the distinguished reporter and news analyst, Edward R. Murrow. 02:17.280 --> 02:21.800 It was the first week of the second half of the 20th century and things might never be 02:21.800 --> 02:23.040 the same. 02:23.040 --> 02:26.680 But the new year came in with the same sounds and excitement as every other year since the 02:26.680 --> 02:29.080 advent of radio. 02:29.080 --> 02:39.760 Hear It, those are the last fading moments of 1950. 02:39.760 --> 02:42.800 The clock is steadily counting them out. 02:42.800 --> 02:45.800 Ten seconds. 02:45.800 --> 02:48.800 Five seconds. 02:48.800 --> 02:53.800 Happy New Year everybody! 02:53.800 --> 03:04.160 The new year came in with a kind of brash bravado for a year of such gloomy prospect. 03:04.160 --> 03:08.440 But America gave it the full processing from the horns to the $50 cover charge to the weird 03:08.440 --> 03:10.120 paper hats. 03:10.120 --> 03:14.300 At midnight, most people yelled, a few people prayed. 03:14.300 --> 03:18.280 And the bulletin that the Red Offensive in Korea had started had a tough time competing 03:18.280 --> 03:21.160 with all Lang Zine and the Samba. 03:21.160 --> 03:25.240 In Washington, the hotels and nightclubs buzzed with the excitement of the new year and the 03:25.240 --> 03:27.320 new Congress. 03:27.320 --> 03:30.440 Many of the new senators and representatives were already there. 03:30.440 --> 03:32.740 On New Year's Day, still more arrived. 03:32.740 --> 03:36.600 And on Tuesday, the big hotels, the Wardman Park, the Statler, the Willard, and all the 03:36.600 --> 03:38.320 rest were jammed. 03:38.320 --> 03:43.040 As every hour on the hour, the long trains and double section of planes unloaded their 03:43.040 --> 03:47.120 cargo of congressmen, their secretaries, their wives, and their lobbyists. 03:47.120 --> 03:49.600 The Vice President's office. 03:49.600 --> 03:50.600 Thank you. 03:50.600 --> 03:51.600 Speaker Rayburn. 03:51.600 --> 03:52.600 The line is busy. 03:52.600 --> 03:53.600 Will you hold, please? 03:53.600 --> 03:54.600 Senator Wherry. 03:54.600 --> 03:55.600 Thank you. 03:55.600 --> 04:00.600 Immediately, they started using Washington's most overworked utility, the telephone. 04:00.600 --> 04:01.600 Capitol. 04:01.600 --> 04:02.600 Congressman Vinson of Georgia. 04:02.600 --> 04:03.600 The lines are busy. 04:03.600 --> 04:04.600 Will you wait a moment, please? 04:04.600 --> 04:05.600 Capitol. 04:05.600 --> 04:06.600 Senator McMahon. 04:06.600 --> 04:07.600 That's busy. 04:07.600 --> 04:08.600 Will you wait? 04:08.600 --> 04:09.600 The line is busy. 04:09.600 --> 04:13.600 Capitol. 04:13.600 --> 04:18.000 Senator Tidings. 04:18.000 --> 04:20.720 Senator Tidings is not in this Congress. 04:20.720 --> 04:24.080 Would you want the member to, that succeeds him? 04:24.080 --> 04:25.500 Capitol. 04:25.500 --> 04:26.500 Senator Pepper's office. 04:26.500 --> 04:27.500 I'm sorry. 04:27.500 --> 04:30.000 We do not have an office for him now. 04:30.000 --> 04:33.000 Tuesday was the last day of the 81st Congress. 04:33.000 --> 04:37.400 The last hours on Capitol Hill for Millard Tidings, Claude Pepper, Albert Thomas, Forrest 04:37.400 --> 04:40.000 Donald, and Scott Lucas. 04:40.000 --> 04:44.720 They quietly packed their desk sets, gently loaded into packing boxes, signed photographs 04:44.720 --> 04:48.920 of Harry Truman, FDR, Alvin Barkley, and John Nance Garner. 04:48.920 --> 04:53.360 And they said their goodbyes to the telephone operators and the elevator operators and were 04:53.360 --> 04:54.920 gone. 04:54.920 --> 04:58.620 Senate Majority Leader Scott Lucas, whose defeat in Illinois was one of Harry Truman's 04:58.620 --> 05:03.720 most crippling reverses, went to the Senate floor on Tuesday and made this brief farewell. 05:03.720 --> 05:10.200 Mr. President, the most interesting and fruitful period of my life will be concluded on tomorrow. 05:10.200 --> 05:16.280 For 12 years, I've had the high honor of representing the state of Illinois in the foremost legislative 05:16.280 --> 05:18.480 hall in all the world. 05:18.480 --> 05:21.440 Tomorrow, I relinquish that trust. 05:21.440 --> 05:23.320 I return it to the people. 05:23.320 --> 05:24.820 They are the government. 05:24.820 --> 05:27.160 They give, they take away. 05:27.160 --> 05:32.000 May such a cherished and fundamental right remain inviolate forever. 05:32.000 --> 05:36.040 If so, this republic will approach immortality. 05:36.040 --> 05:42.160 I plead in this hour, in this desperate hour of our existence, that politics stop at the 05:42.160 --> 05:47.280 water's edge, both in the executive and the legislative branches of our government. 05:47.280 --> 05:54.760 Give us clear thinking, cool heads, high purpose, firm resolve, unselfish cooperation in the 05:54.760 --> 05:57.760 uncertain days ahead. 05:57.760 --> 06:12.960 The representatives-elect of the 82nd Congress, this is the day fixed by the Constitution 06:12.960 --> 06:20.040 of the United States for the meeting of the 82nd Congress. 06:20.040 --> 06:28.800 Residents of election covering 434 seats in the 82nd Congress have been received and are 06:28.800 --> 06:34.400 now on file with the clerk of the House of Representatives. 06:34.400 --> 06:41.440 Members will please answer to their names to determine the presence of a quorum. 06:41.440 --> 06:55.520 On Wednesday, the 82nd Congress convened in its newly decorated chamber. 06:55.520 --> 07:00.520 The Senate, under the seasoned gavel of Alvin Barclay, selecting Ernest McFarland of Arizona 07:00.520 --> 07:02.400 as the new majority leader. 07:02.400 --> 07:06.580 The Republicans re-elected Kenneth Warrie of Nebraska to run their show under the watchful 07:06.580 --> 07:09.160 eye of Ohio's Bob Taft. 07:09.160 --> 07:14.060 In the House, 434 representatives took the oath of office and went through the motions 07:14.060 --> 07:18.420 of officially deciding whether Sam Rayburn Democrat or Joe Martin Republican would be 07:18.420 --> 07:19.920 the speaker. 07:19.920 --> 07:24.200 In keeping with the Democratic majority in the House, registered last November, Mr. Rayburn 07:24.200 --> 07:26.560 won by the predicted majority. 07:26.560 --> 07:31.320 And the defeated candidate, Representative Joseph Martin of Massachusetts, made the customary 07:31.320 --> 07:32.320 gesture. 07:32.320 --> 07:42.680 Ladies and gentlemen and my colleagues of the House, it's a privilege for me to hold 07:42.680 --> 07:55.600 this exalted position even if it is only for a few moments. 07:55.600 --> 07:59.880 That is one of the compensations of being a defeated candidate. 07:59.880 --> 08:05.600 They always let him come up and introduce the successor. 08:05.600 --> 08:17.200 I will admit that several months ago I had ideas that perhaps I might occupy this position 08:17.200 --> 08:21.120 a little longer than I'm going to today. 08:21.120 --> 08:26.160 The people of the country and you have ordained otherwise. 08:26.160 --> 08:32.160 So it is a very happy privilege that I have this morning. 08:32.160 --> 08:40.040 Ten years ago, members of this House elected a speaker. 08:40.040 --> 08:45.800 He has served with one interruption which I am very happy to narrate at this time too. 08:45.800 --> 08:52.840 However, since then has been re-elected for a sixth term. 08:52.840 --> 08:59.480 On January 30th of this year, he will have served as Speaker of the House longer than 08:59.480 --> 09:03.600 any other man in American history. 09:03.600 --> 09:11.240 So ladies and gentlemen, without further ado, it gives me great pleasure to present to you 09:11.240 --> 09:18.200 your speaker and my speaker, the honorable Samuel Rayburn of Texas. 09:18.200 --> 09:22.400 Only Henry Clay had sat in that Speaker's chair longer than Sam Rayburn. 09:22.400 --> 09:26.040 And in three weeks, even Mr. Clay's record will have been broken. 09:26.040 --> 09:31.240 Sam Rayburn had held the gavel at rapt foreorder the day after Pearl Harbor when more was declared. 09:31.240 --> 09:35.720 He had presided over much of the history of the last ten years and he asked his colleagues 09:35.720 --> 09:37.960 for unity in the new crisis. 09:37.960 --> 09:44.280 As Mr. Martin suggested, we live in troubled days. 09:44.280 --> 09:59.200 In my deliberate opinion, looking around the earth, everyone now living in any democracy 09:59.200 --> 10:08.200 where freedom and liberty still exist, live in the most dangerous time that they ever 10:08.200 --> 10:19.520 lived in or that anyone ever lived in since the foundation of this Republic. 10:19.520 --> 10:37.120 So it behooves us to lay aside little differences, lay aside as much criticism, all criticism, 10:37.120 --> 10:43.200 that is not constructive, that is not helpful. 10:43.200 --> 10:53.040 And all of us join and pledge ourselves that this, the greatest, the freest, and the finest 10:53.040 --> 11:00.360 government that ever existed upon the face of the earth shall be strong enough to maintain 11:00.360 --> 11:02.760 its liberty and its security. 11:02.760 --> 11:08.560 Less than four hours after the House installed its new speaker, it dealt Mr. Rayburn's friend 11:08.560 --> 11:12.520 and chief, Harry Truman, his first defeat of the new season. 11:12.520 --> 11:17.680 A coalition of Southern Democrats and Republicans combined to give back to the powerful rules 11:17.680 --> 11:23.040 committee its power to prevent any fair deal legislation from coming to the floor for debate. 11:23.040 --> 11:27.720 The vote was 244 to 179. 11:27.720 --> 11:31.500 Senator Taft severely criticized the President for not making his State of the Union speech 11:31.500 --> 11:33.600 at the opening of the new Congress. 11:33.600 --> 11:35.640 Mr. Truman would speak Monday. 11:35.640 --> 11:39.600 But even before his speech, it was a foregone conclusion that the major debates and the 11:39.600 --> 11:44.040 constant controversy that would rage for the next two years in Washington would be on foreign 11:44.040 --> 11:45.640 policy. 11:45.640 --> 11:50.000 Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen, who had beaten Scott Lucas in Illinois on the issue 11:50.000 --> 11:54.080 of the administration handling of foreign policy, was one of the first to begin the 11:54.080 --> 11:55.160 attack. 11:55.160 --> 11:56.160 Senator Dirksen. 11:56.160 --> 12:02.520 Now, we in Illinois, I think, can be called the original re-examinists, as Mr. Atchison 12:02.520 --> 12:04.080 calls it. 12:04.080 --> 12:08.800 We call for a realistic examination of all the foreign aid programs. 12:08.800 --> 12:12.680 How much of a load can we carry if we want to put it on the form of a question? 12:12.680 --> 12:14.660 How much aid is required? 12:14.660 --> 12:17.080 What do we get in return? 12:17.080 --> 12:21.920 Have the folks abroad developed some self-reliance and some self-dependence? 12:21.920 --> 12:24.880 Are we just feeding socialism over there? 12:24.880 --> 12:29.840 And are they willing to stand up in our corner and be counted? 12:29.840 --> 12:34.720 Official optimism, you know, sounds a bit stale and fancy diplomatic language. 12:34.720 --> 12:40.080 It sounds just a little flat in the presence of young death on the hard earth of a foreign 12:40.080 --> 12:41.120 land. 12:41.120 --> 12:44.440 And too many households in America know what that means right now. 12:44.440 --> 12:47.040 Frankly, we're in trouble. 12:47.040 --> 12:52.240 This brave new world that we've talked about doesn't seem so brave just at the moment. 12:52.240 --> 12:57.480 And so it's time for hard thinking and for some plain talk, because it's the only way 12:57.480 --> 13:04.680 I know that will dispel the fog and demolly some of these bankrupt illusions of ours. 13:04.680 --> 13:08.540 Senator Dirksen asks rhetorical questions in order to make his point. 13:08.540 --> 13:12.920 His fellow senator from Illinois, Paul Douglas, a Democrat, former college professor and Marine 13:12.920 --> 13:15.760 combat veteran, says what he thinks we ought to do. 13:15.760 --> 13:21.640 I think we should serve notice to Russia and its satellites that the next move by a Russian 13:21.640 --> 13:28.240 satellite will be regarded as a move by Russia itself, and that we will then unleash upon 13:28.240 --> 13:31.500 Russia all the force which we possess. 13:31.500 --> 13:35.560 We have been too tolerant and too forgiving with the Russians. 13:35.560 --> 13:40.240 We have treated the invasion by the North Koreans as an isolated act, although it was 13:40.240 --> 13:43.600 Russian-directed and Russian-controlled. 13:43.600 --> 13:49.200 We have treated the invasion by the Chinese communists as an independent act, although 13:49.200 --> 13:52.680 we know it has been directed and aided by Russia. 13:52.680 --> 13:56.560 We should go on the principle of three strikes and you're out. 13:56.560 --> 14:00.980 Everywhere, the cry was for national unity, but there was no unity. 14:00.980 --> 14:04.520 One of the big decisions to be made in Washington would be the Republican choice for the highly 14:04.520 --> 14:07.600 coveted vacant seat on the Foreign Affairs Committee. 14:07.600 --> 14:10.640 One of the candidates for this post was Wayne Morse of Oregon. 14:10.640 --> 14:15.440 Obviously, Dirksen did not speak for Senator Morse, who this week said, 14:15.440 --> 14:21.920 The great issue that faces the 82nd Congress will be the historic debate on foreign policy. 14:21.920 --> 14:25.200 I'm sure it will proceed with the very beginning of the Congress. 14:25.200 --> 14:30.040 It is an issue which I think will determine the destiny of America. 14:30.040 --> 14:35.520 I think it is an issue that will determine the survival of the Republican Party, an issue 14:35.520 --> 14:40.020 as to whether or not we're going to follow the sound foreign policy philosophy of that 14:40.020 --> 14:45.260 great giant statesman from Michigan, Arthur Vandenberg, or whether the Republican Party 14:45.260 --> 14:49.680 is going to revert to the isolationism of Herbert Hoover. 14:49.680 --> 14:54.500 I want to say that it is an issue that is going to determine the survival of America 14:54.500 --> 14:59.920 because if we walk out on the moral obligations of the North Atlantic Pact, if we follow the 14:59.920 --> 15:05.080 recommendations of Herbert Hoover and accept his false assumption that America can remain 15:05.080 --> 15:11.160 secure and hide behind the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, I think in the next few years we will 15:11.160 --> 15:16.440 find ourselves engaged in a death struggle with Russia with serious doubts as to whether 15:16.440 --> 15:19.800 or not we can win that war alone. 15:19.800 --> 15:24.160 Aside from Korea, the biggest question mark in Washington this week was the Republican 15:24.160 --> 15:26.880 Party and the foreign policy it will adopt. 15:26.880 --> 15:31.040 This will go a long way in determining the future of the GOP, of this nation, and the 15:31.040 --> 15:32.080 world. 15:32.080 --> 15:36.800 For that reason, later in this program, we shall attempt a brief study of the conflict 15:36.800 --> 15:42.800 within the Republican Party in the voices of Hoover, Dewey, Dulles, and others. 15:42.800 --> 15:47.080 This week, the office holders were not the only ones who came to Washington. 15:47.080 --> 15:50.240 There were also those constituents seeking jobs. 15:50.240 --> 15:55.120 The offices of the new congressmen were lined with old friends and slightly familiar faces 15:55.120 --> 16:00.040 who make the endless pilgrimage to Washington in search of jobs, contracts, and the usual 16:00.040 --> 16:02.360 variety of special favors. 16:02.360 --> 16:07.720 The senator or congressman who forgets today may be reminded in November. 16:07.720 --> 16:11.160 This ancient American custom is not limited to the nation's capital. 16:11.160 --> 16:15.560 It goes all the way down to the county where even the sheriff is plagued with as many old 16:15.560 --> 16:19.200 friends and favor-seekers as the Speaker of the House. 16:19.200 --> 16:22.320 Raise your right hand if you will here. 16:22.320 --> 16:25.080 I do solemnly swear... 16:25.080 --> 16:29.680 Sam Rayburn, for example, was not the only Texan who took an oath of office this week, 16:29.680 --> 16:32.340 nor was he the only one with problems. 16:32.340 --> 16:35.960 We put our microphone in the office of a newly elected Texas sheriff. 16:35.960 --> 16:39.440 ...the Constitution of the law of the United States and of this state, and I furthermore 16:39.440 --> 16:46.640 solemnly swear that I have not directly or indirectly paid, offered, or promised to pay, 16:46.640 --> 16:51.920 contributed nor promised to contribute any money or valuable thing, or promised any public 16:51.920 --> 16:57.720 office or employment as a reward for the giving or withholding a vote at the election at which 16:57.720 --> 16:59.000 I was elected. 16:59.000 --> 17:00.000 So help you God. 17:00.000 --> 17:01.800 I do. 17:01.800 --> 17:06.440 We have agreed to forget the sheriff's name and county, but we listened to a few of the 17:06.440 --> 17:08.280 people who elected him. 17:08.280 --> 17:13.440 January 2nd, 1951, Inauguration Day, deep in the heart of Texas. 17:13.440 --> 17:15.640 Glad to see you get in office. 17:15.640 --> 17:18.280 Well, I am glad to be in the office. 17:18.280 --> 17:24.520 The reason I came in here to see you, besides congratulating you, you know where I live 17:24.520 --> 17:29.240 out here ten miles east of town. 17:29.240 --> 17:35.200 There's been a little cattle thieving going on out there, and I thought it was possible 17:35.200 --> 17:38.560 to get a special evidence commission. 17:38.560 --> 17:41.320 Maybe I might run up on some of them out there sometimes. 17:41.320 --> 17:44.360 You know, you can run up on them out there. 17:44.360 --> 17:49.160 I want to congratulate you on being restored as sheriff. 17:49.160 --> 17:54.640 Also here the other night, I went out here and got drunk again. 17:54.640 --> 17:55.640 Lost my license. 17:55.640 --> 17:57.840 I want to ask one favor of you. 17:57.840 --> 18:01.480 I want to see if I can get you to help me get my license back. 18:01.480 --> 18:04.320 I got a job coming up. 18:04.320 --> 18:05.320 Need to drive a truck. 18:05.320 --> 18:10.400 Can't get a job if I can't get my license back, and I believe you can help. 18:10.400 --> 18:12.400 Sheriff, you know me. 18:12.400 --> 18:16.840 I live here in the county seat, me and all my folks. 18:16.840 --> 18:23.720 We've been living here a good while, and we want to congratulate you as being our sheriff. 18:23.720 --> 18:27.360 We believe you're going to make the best sheriff they ever had. 18:27.360 --> 18:35.360 Now we don't like to ask no special favors, sheriff, but my brother's up there in jail, 18:35.360 --> 18:42.400 and he's charged with being drunk and driving a car while intoxicated. 18:42.400 --> 18:50.320 Now sheriff, the facts is that he didn't have but two bottles of beer, and the charges read 18:50.320 --> 18:54.640 that he was only driving 70 miles an hour. 18:54.640 --> 19:02.280 Now sheriff, you know our family is good for about 25 votes, and we really did work hard 19:02.280 --> 19:09.280 for you, and if you can possibly, sheriff, we're going to ask that you turn this boy 19:09.280 --> 19:14.600 out because he's got a good job waiting for him, and he hasn't been charged with this 19:14.600 --> 19:21.960 but once before, and if you can't turn him out, sheriff, just charge him with a misdemeanor 19:21.960 --> 19:23.680 fine, a drunk charge. 19:23.680 --> 19:29.400 Say about four or five dollars and we certainly will appreciate it, sheriff, but I'll do my 19:29.400 --> 19:30.400 best. 19:30.400 --> 19:33.400 I'll talk to the county attorney and see what I can do for you. 19:33.400 --> 19:38.200 The sheriff in Texas and the speaker from Texas would have some difficult days in the 19:38.200 --> 19:43.200 weeks ahead. 19:43.200 --> 19:53.920 Your ear is tuned to Korea and the fall of a city, to the dissonant sounds of an MP's 19:53.920 --> 19:57.720 whistle and sobbing infants. 19:57.720 --> 20:02.640 As heavy trucks and tanks thunder across a bridge going south out of Seoul. 20:02.640 --> 20:07.760 In a four-hour period on Wednesday, 30,000 refugees crossed that bridge and started the 20:07.760 --> 20:11.200 long trek south over the frozen roads. 20:11.200 --> 20:15.240 Just one week ago, General Matt Ridgway had established his new line across the Korean 20:15.240 --> 20:21.020 Peninsula, had told Syngman Rhee he was in Korea to stay, told his troops they were not 20:21.020 --> 20:25.080 fighting to save a small muddy village but to determine whether ultimate war would be 20:25.080 --> 20:28.520 fought in the United States or elsewhere. 20:28.520 --> 20:30.720 On New Year's Eve, the Red Army's attacked. 20:30.720 --> 20:31.720 An American major reports. 20:31.720 --> 20:42.320 On the night of December 31st, we were occupying positions just a little way south of the 38th 20:42.320 --> 20:43.320 parallel. 20:43.320 --> 20:49.440 A penetration was made near our low flank, causing the enemy to get into the valley behind 20:49.440 --> 20:54.240 the company which was out on the outpost position. 20:54.240 --> 20:58.960 The United Nations line held for a time and then gave on the eastern sector. 20:58.960 --> 21:03.360 Our troops killed a lot of Chinese who were willing to swap men in a war of attrition 21:03.360 --> 21:08.160 at the rate of 10 of their men to one of ours, moved their mass of men across heavily mined 21:08.160 --> 21:13.140 fields using the fallen as virtual stepping stones to cross over. 21:13.140 --> 21:16.360 On Tuesday, the enemy was 11 miles from Seoul. 21:16.360 --> 21:20.820 On Wednesday, they were preparing to enter the city as President Rhee departed and most 21:20.820 --> 21:23.120 of the city was burned. 21:23.120 --> 21:27.160 Flames lashed out in the abandoned city and their crackle could be heard along with the 21:27.160 --> 21:33.440 guns of both the advancing troops and the retreating. 21:33.440 --> 21:48.600 That's a five-year-old boy beside a bridge screaming for his parents. 21:48.600 --> 21:53.240 During the week, we lost Seoul, Incheon, Kimpo Airfield. 21:53.240 --> 21:56.960 Wanju was under attack from three sides. 21:56.960 --> 22:00.120 Winstership blankets present positions. 22:00.120 --> 22:05.040 During the week, there was the tragedy of defeat and depression and once again exhausted 22:05.040 --> 22:06.040 GIs. 22:06.040 --> 22:10.960 First, they played taps nice, sweet and clear on a bugle. 22:10.960 --> 22:17.800 Then they started on their drums and whistles. 22:17.800 --> 22:23.680 I moved up and looked over the edge and it looked like they were coming in company formation. 22:23.680 --> 22:28.520 So I hollered for the squad. 22:28.520 --> 22:30.080 Couldn't contact any of them. 22:30.080 --> 22:33.920 I heard the Chinese going through the other foxholes. 22:33.920 --> 22:37.800 It sounded like they were getting a big kick out of going through the equipment. 22:37.800 --> 22:40.600 Later, some more come by. 22:40.600 --> 22:44.800 They were searching the bodies and they felt I was warm. 22:44.800 --> 22:48.280 I played dead but they felt I was warm. 22:48.280 --> 22:54.840 Took me out of the sleeping bag and they searched me and threw me down the road and planted 22:54.840 --> 22:59.480 a boot in the back of my head and ground my face in the road. 22:59.480 --> 23:05.400 Then they threw me on the stack of wounded and took a carbine and tried to knock the 23:05.400 --> 23:09.640 back of my head in but I played dead again. 23:09.640 --> 23:11.880 He thought I was dead. 23:11.880 --> 23:14.440 They went on. 23:14.440 --> 23:24.160 I said, God if it's your will, just leave me get out of here and have anything else. 23:24.160 --> 23:27.360 And the casualty list continued to grow. 23:27.360 --> 23:32.280 Here one of the 40,000 casualties talks to those of us sitting comfortably at home. 23:32.280 --> 23:37.000 Let's take an example of our poor boys over there in Korea on those tall mountains. 23:37.000 --> 23:40.080 Some are thousand and thousand feet in the air cold. 23:40.080 --> 23:46.280 They work 24 hours a day and yet we have citizens in the United States work only maybe eight 23:46.280 --> 23:48.920 hours a day and they complain about eight hours a day. 23:48.920 --> 23:54.480 That's only one way we can lick our enemies pulling together because it takes work to 23:54.480 --> 23:55.880 fight a war. 23:55.880 --> 24:02.160 These boys will kindly appreciate you and America will quit grumbling about your working 24:02.160 --> 24:06.360 hours and take it with a smile to help them out and bear in content with those. 24:06.360 --> 24:08.240 You sleep in a nice warm bed. 24:08.240 --> 24:11.560 Well those boys, oh they can't do that. 24:11.560 --> 24:15.680 Or maybe they have sometimes two or three blankets to throw on the ground. 24:15.680 --> 24:18.360 Time they lay down and go to sleep they're hit. 24:18.360 --> 24:20.960 And some they get to sleep and they'll wake up. 24:20.960 --> 24:25.660 But to take you with you, you haven't got to worry about waking up in the morning from 24:25.660 --> 24:30.660 not being hit by the enemy, killed by some bullet or some little person about four feet 24:30.660 --> 24:38.520 five inch come running around a bayonet to you while you sleep. 24:38.520 --> 24:43.440 The 419th meeting of the first committee will come to order. 24:43.440 --> 24:45.080 At our last meeting. 24:45.080 --> 24:49.720 At lake success the delegates watched the battle maps and saw the UN forces losing their 24:49.720 --> 24:54.600 battle and in the arena of diplomacy there was defeat and frustration. 24:54.600 --> 24:59.120 Sir Benegal Rao of India who fought the battle for the ceasefire resolution reported that 24:59.120 --> 25:02.680 the Chinese government in Beiping had refused to consider the resolution. 25:02.680 --> 25:06.840 ...and wishes to present its report to the committee. 25:06.840 --> 25:11.120 Therefore I call upon the representative of India. 25:11.120 --> 25:18.440 Mr. Chairman, in spite of its best efforts the group regrets that it has been unable 25:18.440 --> 25:25.160 to pursue discussion of a satisfactory ceasefire arrangement. 25:25.160 --> 25:32.440 It therefore feels that no recommendation in regard to a ceasefire can usefully be made 25:32.440 --> 25:35.400 by it at this time. 25:35.400 --> 25:40.560 Mr. Chairman, this completes what the group has to say for the moment. 25:40.560 --> 25:47.160 Most of my listeners will probably feel that the report is little more than a record of 25:47.160 --> 25:50.160 failure. 25:50.160 --> 25:57.120 Still failure does not mean that the attempt was not worthwhile or that we should not try 25:57.120 --> 26:01.360 again if that is humanly possible. 26:01.360 --> 26:07.560 At the UN Warren Austin watched from afar as his old senate colleagues convened in Washington. 26:07.560 --> 26:11.000 His role at the UN was neither a pleasant one nor an easy one. 26:11.000 --> 26:16.600 He listened to Soviet delegate Malik's tirade against US imperialism in Korea and then answered 26:16.600 --> 26:17.600 him. 26:17.600 --> 26:27.040 It is in the face of this new aggression and the atmosphere polluted here this morning 26:27.040 --> 26:35.400 by the speech of Mr. Malik that we need to consult together on what the free world must 26:35.400 --> 26:38.600 do next. 26:38.600 --> 26:45.160 In the view of my government, aggression must be resisted. 26:45.160 --> 26:48.800 There can be no appeasement. 26:48.800 --> 26:55.800 If hostilities continue, our troops will fight on in Korea. 26:55.800 --> 27:02.440 My government believes, of course, that the position of the United Nations should continue 27:02.440 --> 27:09.880 to be one of seeking to achieve its objective in Korea by peaceful means. 27:09.880 --> 27:17.360 Accordingly, my government remains ready to engage in discussions with the Chinese communist 27:17.360 --> 27:33.760 regime at an appropriate time and in an appropriate forum. 27:33.760 --> 27:42.320 Lord Musk and his own soldiers arts and surgery to. 27:42.320 --> 28:00.660 Being an blurry second reaction to the long-called 28:00.660 --> 28:07.600 back in communist hands and we are mindful of a poem titled Fall of the City 28:07.600 --> 28:15.180 by the noted American Archibald McLeish. The sun is yellow with smoke, the towns 28:15.180 --> 28:21.500 burning, the wars at the broken bridge. There is nothing in this world worse 28:21.500 --> 28:27.620 empty belly or purse or the pitiful hunger of children than doing the strong 28:27.620 --> 28:33.340 man's will. The city has fallen. 28:33.340 --> 28:59.500 You are listening to Hear It Now, CBS's weekly document for ear. The program 28:59.500 --> 29:04.100 continues immediately after this pause for station identification. This is CBS, 29:04.100 --> 29:07.900 the Columbia Broadcasting System. 29:07.900 --> 29:35.660 This is week number one, 1951 on Hear It Now, a 60-minute review of the week's 29:35.660 --> 29:40.460 news told in the actual recorded voices of the men and women who made the news. 29:40.460 --> 29:48.380 Once again here is the editor of Hear It Now, Edward R. Murrow. First a personal 29:48.380 --> 29:52.620 note before we continue with the second half of Hear It Now. A few seconds to 29:52.620 --> 29:55.740 say our gratitude to those of you who have written and wired us your 29:55.740 --> 30:01.020 encouragement and your criticism. This weekly hour of oral journalism was 30:01.020 --> 30:04.820 undertaken in the hope and belief that we might make some contribution toward 30:04.820 --> 30:08.460 the understanding of the confusing and complex issues that confront the nation. 30:08.460 --> 30:13.420 We're merely trying to record and relate the sounds of the week, important and 30:13.420 --> 30:42.180 otherwise. We're still experimenting. In Detroit on Wednesday, former champion 30:42.180 --> 30:46.460 Joe Lewis took on Freddie Bishore. Less than halfway through the fight, there was 30:46.460 --> 31:13.060 a flash of the brown bomber of younger days. 31:13.060 --> 31:18.380 Lewis won by a technical knockout in the fourth round. And in Portland, Oregon on 31:18.380 --> 31:23.220 Tuesday, an obscure boxer named Billy Smith took on an equally obscure light 31:23.220 --> 31:27.780 heavyweight named Moore. The unusual outcome of this bout contains a moral 31:27.780 --> 31:31.700 for all of us. A little more than halfway through the fight, things started going 31:31.700 --> 31:35.700 badly for Smith, and in his own words, he's the first to admit it. 31:35.700 --> 31:41.060 I'd get back to my corner and one said do this, one says do that. Well you can't 31:41.060 --> 31:48.080 fight like that. You have to have a plan to fight. I didn't have a plan. One 31:48.080 --> 31:53.100 fellow in my corner told me to go out and knock him out. One other fellow says no, 31:53.100 --> 31:57.060 you can't do that to him. You have to be careful because you have to watch him. 31:57.060 --> 32:01.420 But we got mixed up somewhere and we didn't, instead of working together, we 32:01.420 --> 32:06.060 were fighting each other. And I got mixed up confused and after I knocked him down 32:06.060 --> 32:09.980 in that sixth round, I missed the knockout. I come back to the corner and 32:09.980 --> 32:13.300 everybody was excited in the corner and I was getting smelling salts and 32:13.300 --> 32:17.540 everything else, too much of everything, and water was getting poured all over me 32:17.540 --> 32:22.380 and I felt just like a, well I felt, I felt real silly. Well I went out in the 32:22.380 --> 32:26.980 seventh and eighth round, I didn't do any good so I just, I couldn't, my corner was 32:26.980 --> 32:30.260 hollering and screaming this and screaming that. My corner'd say one-two 32:30.260 --> 32:34.580 Billy and Archie said yes, come on one-two, bang bang, and he hit me with a one-two. 32:34.580 --> 32:39.380 And I said well I'm not getting any place like this and if I don't, if I, if I keep 32:39.380 --> 32:43.340 going like this I'll just ruin everything. So I said rather do it, I'll just turn 32:43.340 --> 32:47.660 around and walk out and quit. And that's what he did. He walked out of the ring 32:47.660 --> 32:53.940 confused and disgusted. Any resemblance between Smith and we as a nation is not 32:53.940 --> 32:58.740 unintentional. Both have been shouted at, both have had their battle plans argued 32:58.740 --> 33:04.500 over, both at times have been confused and disgusted. Like Smith, if we lower our 33:04.500 --> 33:09.580 guard we shall certainly be hit. But unlike Smith, we cannot get out of the ring. 33:09.580 --> 33:14.540 For if we ever try to leave, we'll never be able to come back. 33:14.540 --> 33:19.460 Perhaps the best week's suggestion came from the National Arts Foundation, a blank 33:19.460 --> 33:24.820 record in jukeboxes for those looking for a nickel's worth of quiet. 33:24.820 --> 33:29.060 Slot machine manufacturers announced they were closing up shop, some hopefully 33:29.060 --> 33:33.180 counted on switching over to war production. The New Year's Eve show in 33:33.180 --> 33:37.020 Trinidad's prison was a great success, that is until one of the prisoners 33:37.020 --> 33:40.620 playing the role of a policeman failed to show up for the second act. He'd made 33:40.620 --> 33:45.380 a fast getaway. The sports writers were unanimous. Notre Dame's football team, the 33:45.380 --> 33:50.700 team of the year in 49, was the flop of the year in 1950. New York Yankee Stadium 33:50.700 --> 33:55.580 played second best to New York's Museum of Natural History. More people visited 33:55.580 --> 34:00.060 the museum in 1950 than went to the ballpark. The second oldest gorilla in 34:00.060 --> 34:04.460 captivity, the famous Bushman, died in Chicago's Lincoln Park Zoo, a heart 34:04.460 --> 34:09.660 attack. He was 22. In Bristol, England, the garbage collectors won a long hard 34:09.660 --> 34:14.620 fight. From now on, they can wear soft felt hats. The traditional old black 34:14.620 --> 34:19.460 derby is out to old-fashioned. In Sheffield, England, a man was arrested for 34:19.460 --> 34:22.980 the second time in six months on the same charge, breaking the same plate glass 34:22.980 --> 34:27.580 window of the local grocery store. He said, that window to me is like a red 34:27.580 --> 34:32.900 flag to a bull. The people of Birmingham were panicked out of their wits. Someone 34:32.900 --> 34:36.580 told someone else the water supply had been poisoned and the rumor got out of 34:36.580 --> 34:41.700 hand. In Spokane, Washington, the dynamite breakfast food company lived up to its 34:41.700 --> 34:46.820 name. Its plant exploded. In many cities, the nickel phone call will be a thing of 34:46.820 --> 34:50.540 the past. It will take a dime beginning tomorrow to get a number on the coin 34:50.540 --> 34:56.220 machines. Wages of non-farm workers went up $5.70 a week this year over last, 34:56.220 --> 35:01.380 but the increase actually meant only 51 cents a week more in spendable income. 35:01.380 --> 35:06.180 George Bernard Shaw's self-written obituary will be released in two weeks. 35:06.180 --> 35:12.180 And in Washington, 85 year old Adolf Sabbath of Illinois, the Dean of the 35:12.180 --> 35:16.460 House, a veteran of the days of Champ Clark, Brian, and Teddy Roosevelt, began 35:16.460 --> 35:22.420 his 45th year in the Congress of the United States. Mrs. Sabbath feels that I 35:22.420 --> 35:30.460 should quit. She felt so six years ago, eight years ago, and it required the 35:30.460 --> 35:38.100 President Roosevelt then to tell her that I must run again. I want to please 35:38.100 --> 35:45.180 her and I want also to do my duty towards my country that I love before 35:45.180 --> 35:52.100 above anything else in the world. Anybody can start an argument in Washington. This 35:52.100 --> 35:56.140 week, the problem as to whether or not Russia definitely has the A-bomb came up. 35:56.140 --> 35:59.800 Republican Senator Brewster of Maine had stated that Carl Compton, the 35:59.800 --> 36:03.500 distinguished scientist, had indicated the Russians did not actually have an 36:03.500 --> 36:07.860 atomic bomb. Dr. Compton didn't remember having made such a statement, but 36:07.860 --> 36:11.660 reporters put the question to Atomic Energy Commissioner Gordon Dean. I 36:11.660 --> 36:17.340 haven't seen Dr. Compton's statement. I did see a statement attributed to him. I 36:17.340 --> 36:24.060 don't know what he said. Russia does have the bomb. When newsmen asked Mr. Dean 36:24.060 --> 36:28.860 how the United States was certain of this, Dean replied, well if I told you I 36:28.860 --> 36:34.780 knew precisely, then it would mean that we had a spy who was sitting next to 36:34.780 --> 36:40.140 Mr. Stalin's each morning and breakfast and talking the subject over with him. I 36:40.140 --> 36:45.480 don't think I should reveal the existence of that man. General Ike Eisenhower was 36:45.480 --> 36:48.860 in Washington this week for a final round of high-level conferences before 36:48.860 --> 36:52.540 taking off for his West European command tomorrow. Here is part of what he had to 36:52.540 --> 37:01.900 say. I agree that unless every sacrifice made by America is not matched by equal 37:01.900 --> 37:07.660 sacrifices, equal sincerity of purpose in the Western European nations, this thing 37:07.660 --> 37:15.140 cannot win. I believe that this movement among the Western democracies of which I 37:15.140 --> 37:23.020 now have been assigned a post is one for the preservation of peace. If it has a 37:23.020 --> 37:28.560 belligerent purpose or attitude, no one has expressed that to me and I would 37:28.560 --> 37:33.860 think it would be defeated from the start. Charles Wilson, who gave up a 37:33.860 --> 37:39.140 $275,000 a year job as head of General Electric to mobilize the nation's 37:39.140 --> 37:46.540 industries at a lean $22,500 a year, said this. Now, admittedly, we may go through 37:46.540 --> 37:56.340 a period of scarcity, but I want to make it clear that it's not our intention. I 37:56.340 --> 38:04.900 hope it won't be necessary to maintain an economy of scarcity. You know, it's been 38:04.900 --> 38:13.020 said so often that I presume it will be regarded as trite to repeat that 38:13.020 --> 38:21.900 increasing production is one of our most potent weapons with which to fight 38:21.900 --> 38:29.200 inflation. And I want to make it crystal clear that we propose to use that weapon 38:29.200 --> 38:37.460 to the fullest possible extent. If there was little news in Korea for Doefoots to 38:37.460 --> 38:42.820 rejoice about, there was certainly good news for them from Cincinnati. This is 38:42.820 --> 38:46.380 Mrs. J.F. Brammer speaking as president of the Cincinnati and Hamilton County 38:46.380 --> 38:50.820 chapter of the Moon's Christian Temperance Union. Ohio is the first state 38:50.820 --> 38:56.580 to send the juices over. Ohio is the crusade state of the WCDU. We'll continue 38:56.580 --> 39:01.700 to send the fruit juices. The boys of the 8th Army heard about the shipments of 39:01.700 --> 39:05.580 grapefruit and pineapple juice that were coming their way. They thanked the ladies 39:05.580 --> 39:11.180 for them, and he made only one slight suggestion. Mrs. Brammer of the WCTU 39:11.180 --> 39:16.820 reads the message she received from Korea. The other day a letter was received 39:16.820 --> 39:26.180 from Korea reading, Dear ladies of the WCTU, it said, We the men of the 76th ECB 39:26.180 --> 39:30.980 Engineers Combat Battalion really do appreciate the fruit juices you are 39:30.980 --> 39:35.540 sending over here in place of beer. It doesn't quite take the place of beer, but 39:35.540 --> 39:40.500 you can get a better buzz on with it. We just add a little yeast and sugar to it, 39:40.500 --> 39:45.740 heat it on the stove, and get some of the finest wine ever brewed. As yeast and 39:45.740 --> 39:49.780 sugar are scarce over here, we would appreciate it very much if you would 39:49.780 --> 39:55.300 send some with the next shipment. Thank you very much and keep the juices coming 39:55.300 --> 40:00.900 our way. You're about to hear the voices of Walter Winchell and Joseph Alsop. Both 40:00.900 --> 40:04.700 are newspaper men, both widely read, and Mr. Winchell is perhaps the most 40:04.700 --> 40:09.020 listened-to news broadcaster on the air. They are both quoted here now because 40:09.020 --> 40:12.580 columns of theirs this week reached millions of their own readers and 40:12.580 --> 40:17.100 listeners and very few of each others. They represent two different shades of 40:17.100 --> 40:21.420 United States thinking. First, Walter Winchell as broadcast over the ABC 40:21.420 --> 40:27.380 network and printed by the New York Mirror the next day. Mr. and Mrs. United 40:27.380 --> 40:31.940 States, the truth is ladies and gentlemen that in the secret history of the world, 40:31.940 --> 40:38.020 our final power was never greater and our national honor was never brighter. The 40:38.020 --> 40:44.640 fact is that our secret weapons are so powerful that out of common humanity we 40:44.640 --> 40:52.340 will not use them except in extreme necessity. Our nation can defeat any 40:52.340 --> 40:58.020 other nation or combination of nations in the world if it comes to a matter of 40:58.020 --> 41:05.700 survival. We not only can defeat the communists as a nation, we can obliterate 41:05.700 --> 41:13.620 the Russians as a people. In our secret arsenals we have enough deadly weapons 41:13.620 --> 41:24.340 to remove every Russian city of over 100,000 population from the map. In easy 41:24.340 --> 41:31.460 striking distance of our firing bases we can vaporize 50 million Russians in one 41:31.460 --> 41:39.660 mass bombing. We could incinerate the Kremlin faster than we could free Korea 41:39.660 --> 41:48.420 but of the 50 million Russians we could kill at will. 25 million would be 41:48.420 --> 41:58.180 children and it is not in the tradition of American arms to attack babies. Mr. 41:58.180 --> 42:02.500 Joseph Alsop together with his brother Stuart writes a syndicated column that 42:02.500 --> 42:05.340 appears in the New York Herald Tribune and many other papers throughout the 42:05.340 --> 42:10.860 country. He began one column by paying his respect to his dateline, Washington 42:10.860 --> 42:16.340 DC. This squalid city currently resembles nothing so much as a drunken beach 42:16.340 --> 42:22.580 picnic continuing in full course. Its members reveling, quarreling, 42:22.580 --> 42:27.780 gormandizing, and making fools of themselves long after the hurricane 42:27.780 --> 42:32.620 warning has been given. And then Mr. Alsop proceeded to discuss the gravity 42:32.620 --> 42:37.340 of the world situation as he sees it. If it were not for the threat of Chinese 42:37.340 --> 42:41.860 invasion of Indochina the whole Southeast Asiatic picture would now be 42:41.860 --> 42:47.740 hopeful and improving. Even in Indochina itself there has been an important 42:47.740 --> 42:51.900 response since the French have at last made the concessions to native 42:51.900 --> 42:56.940 nationalism that should have been made three years ago. But all this hopeful 42:56.940 --> 43:02.620 process will be halted and reversed by the new step in the Kremlin's planned 43:02.620 --> 43:09.180 program of world aggression and after Asia will come Europe and then perhaps 43:09.180 --> 43:14.540 following a pause while the storm gathers new force the tidal wave will 43:14.540 --> 43:20.660 engulf this hemisphere. You can't make a livelihood on three days one week 43:20.660 --> 43:24.540 or four days the next. Four days? As a union official I'm just telling you that. 43:24.540 --> 43:28.940 Not all the great national debates are conducted in the forum of the US 43:28.940 --> 43:32.700 Congress or on the editorial pages of the country's newspapers. Some of the 43:32.700 --> 43:37.460 most heated words, best logic, and often as not grotesque misstatements of fact 43:37.460 --> 43:42.060 can be heard on your own street corner. And the 20th century versions of the 43:42.060 --> 43:47.340 Clays, Lincolns, and Douglas's are those pundits without portfolio or a place to 43:47.340 --> 43:52.060 park their taxi cabs. Traffic control in our large American cities has become a 43:52.060 --> 43:57.180 major problem for the private car owner as well as the taxi cab driver. Three of 43:57.180 --> 44:01.220 the worst trouble spots are New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. We have 44:01.220 --> 44:04.780 recorded some rather divergent opinions of a few license holders in these cities 44:04.780 --> 44:10.340 and as on the highway the cab drivers seem to dominate the conversation. I think 44:10.340 --> 44:15.100 the greatest problem in the city of Chicago is jaywalking which in my 44:15.100 --> 44:19.260 opinion is about the worst thing anybody can do. Double parking for one thing you 44:19.260 --> 44:23.940 can squeeze through and you're coming east about west the cause of park the 44:23.940 --> 44:27.540 park caddy corner they're not in close to the curb and I really think that's a 44:27.540 --> 44:31.460 contributing factor to the bottlenecks in the city of New York. 44:31.460 --> 44:37.540 Having a cab in Los Angeles is really rough. It's really rough believe me. 44:37.540 --> 44:41.540 Well the worst spots in the city is the Garmin District. Well if a truck ever pulls in 44:41.540 --> 44:46.740 it's got to drop off any packages or make a delivery there. You got time to 44:46.740 --> 44:51.460 crochet a sweater. Traffic moves much faster than LA does in Chicago. Waited 44:51.460 --> 44:56.260 about half a minute or so and still didn't move. It was a woman driver so I 44:56.260 --> 45:01.340 blew the horn she still didn't move. I blew the horn again she didn't move. 45:01.340 --> 45:05.660 Finally she got off the seat said what are you blowing your horn for? I look lady 45:05.660 --> 45:10.060 you want me send you a telegram? A telegraph right now? She blew her top and I 45:10.060 --> 45:15.140 blew my horn. I believe that when a woman puts her hand outside of the open window 45:15.140 --> 45:19.820 the only thing you'll be sure of is that the window is open. Well most of all the 45:19.820 --> 45:23.180 police department they're having a conversation on a street with somebody 45:23.180 --> 45:27.140 else and said a directing traffic. If they were taking care of their business 45:27.140 --> 45:31.900 the way they should traffic wouldn't be so bad. There's enough crazy drivers in the 45:31.900 --> 45:37.700 city of New York aggravate anybody. Refuse to be aggravated. With newspapers 45:37.700 --> 45:42.020 and magazines you can turn the pages of yesterday's editions and even last years 45:42.020 --> 45:46.220 or the last decades and bring yesterday's issues and today's sharply 45:46.220 --> 45:51.180 into focus. We think that radio can do the same thing with sounds. Before we 45:51.180 --> 45:55.420 listen to the Republicans of the last 30 days we should like to turn back in 45:55.420 --> 46:00.860 sound to Governor Dewey just after Harry Truman upset him in the 1948 elections. 46:00.860 --> 46:10.260 The Republican Party is split wide open. It's been split wide open for years but 46:10.260 --> 46:16.060 we've been busy trying to gloss it over. We've tried to deny it to ourselves and 46:16.060 --> 46:24.020 to conceal it. That doesn't work. I am living evidence that it doesn't work. The 46:24.020 --> 46:27.500 Republican Party has not won a presidential election since Mr. Hoover 46:27.500 --> 46:32.700 defeated Al Smith in 1928. Since that time Hoover, Landon, Wilkie and Dewey have 46:32.700 --> 46:36.740 gone down to defeat at the hands of the Democrats. Although they did not win the 46:36.740 --> 46:41.300 1950 elections the Republicans made great gains and right now stand an even 46:41.300 --> 46:46.020 chance of winning in 1952. Just the other day a reporter asked Republican 46:46.020 --> 46:49.940 Senator Wherry if he wanted to impeach Mr. Truman. Let me ask you this and do 46:49.940 --> 46:55.180 you think Mr. Truman should resign? Well we'll take care of that in 1952. 46:55.180 --> 46:59.860 In the 18 months from this date until the Republicans go to Philadelphia or 46:59.860 --> 47:03.860 wherever they choose for their convention in those 18 months the main 47:03.860 --> 47:07.860 issue in American statesmanship and politics is going to be foreign policy. 47:07.860 --> 47:12.500 If the Republicans are going to win in 1952 they will need the support and 47:12.500 --> 47:17.220 belief of the American voters on foreign policy. The Republican leaders claim that 47:17.220 --> 47:21.580 there is no unity in the administration's affairs of state but the biggest lack of 47:21.580 --> 47:26.340 unity is within the GOP itself where since the Korean disaster of last month 47:26.340 --> 47:31.180 a rift has developed which may eventually split the party wide open. To 47:31.180 --> 47:35.340 date the major Republican debate has been in the voices of ex-president Hoover, 47:35.340 --> 47:39.940 Senator Taft, and Senator Wherry on one side and Governor Dewey, John Foster 47:39.940 --> 47:44.780 Dulles, and Wayne Morse on the other. Let's listen to what they said. First, Mr. 47:44.780 --> 47:50.060 Hoover on December 20th. First, the foundation of our national policies must 47:50.060 --> 47:56.440 be to preserve for the world this Western Hemisphere Gibraltar of Western 47:56.440 --> 48:04.060 civilization. Second, we can without any measure of a doubt with our own air and 48:04.060 --> 48:09.300 naval forces hold the Atlantic and Pacific oceans with one frontier on 48:09.300 --> 48:14.900 Britain if she wishes to cooperate and the other on Japan foremost and the 48:14.900 --> 48:19.660 Philippines. John Foster Dulles in a speech which he stated was not made in 48:19.660 --> 48:24.380 answer to Mr. Hoover said this about the Gibraltar concept. You can plan on paper 48:24.380 --> 48:30.340 what it seems ought to be an impregnable defense, a China wall, a Maginot line, a 48:30.340 --> 48:35.540 rock of Gibraltar, an Atlantic and Pacific moat, but the mood, the mood that 48:35.540 --> 48:40.460 plans such a defense carries within itself the seeds of its own collapse. A 48:40.460 --> 48:46.860 defense that accepts encirclement quickly decomposes. That has been proved a 48:46.860 --> 48:53.900 thousand times. The United States that could be an inactive spectator while the 48:53.900 --> 48:58.100 barbarians overran and desecrated the cradle of our Christian civilization 48:58.100 --> 49:02.660 would not be the kind of a United States which could defend itself. 49:02.660 --> 49:08.100 Mr. Herbert Hoover on Europe. Therefore to warrant our further aid they should 49:08.100 --> 49:13.380 show that they have spiritual strength and unity to avail themselves of their 49:13.380 --> 49:19.300 own resources, but it must be far more than packs and conferences and paper 49:19.300 --> 49:26.420 promises and decorations. Today it must express itself in organized and equipped 49:26.420 --> 49:33.580 combat divisions of such huge numbers as would erect a shore dam against this red 49:33.580 --> 49:40.460 flood. And that before we land another man or another dollar on their shores. 49:40.460 --> 49:45.980 Otherwise we shall be inviting another Korea and that will be a calamity to 49:45.980 --> 49:52.180 Europe as well as to us. Our policy in this quarter of the world should be 49:52.180 --> 49:58.320 confined to a period of watchful waiting without ground military action. Governor 49:58.320 --> 50:02.620 Dewey in what many have called the best speech of his career. By the swift 50:02.620 --> 50:07.140 acceleration of the draft the United States Army should be brought to a 50:07.140 --> 50:14.060 strength of not less than 100 divisions in being. At the earliest possible 50:14.060 --> 50:19.020 moment the Air Force should be brought to at least 80 groups. The United States 50:19.020 --> 50:24.380 Navy should be taken out of mothballs and recommissioned without delay. We can 50:24.380 --> 50:30.380 beat Russia five to one in production, but we can't save our freedom with 50:30.380 --> 50:34.420 automobiles or washing machines. The latest contribution to this fierce 50:34.420 --> 50:38.380 debate came this afternoon when Senator Taft made a 10,000 word speech to the 50:38.380 --> 50:43.100 Senate on his foreign policy views. For one hour and ten minutes he offered his 50:43.100 --> 50:47.900 views. Without authority the President involved us in the Korean War. Without 50:47.900 --> 50:52.580 authority he apparently is now adopting a similar policy in Europe. We may have 50:52.580 --> 50:57.320 been sucked into the Korean War by the Russians. The United Nations Charter was 50:57.320 --> 51:02.340 violated when the United States forced action on the majority. The Senator from 51:02.340 --> 51:06.300 Ohio said he doesn't want to abandon Europe, but the Atlantic Pact was a 51:06.300 --> 51:10.840 tremendous mistake. The greatest possible incitement to war. We have no 51:10.840 --> 51:14.700 business prodding the Europeans into a great military program. We have no 51:14.700 --> 51:19.060 business sending a big army over there. What we should do, says Taft of Ohio, is 51:19.060 --> 51:23.660 build a very strong air and sea force, make an alliance with a selected half 51:23.660 --> 51:27.400 dozen countries, protect friendly island countries like Japan, the Philippines, 51:27.400 --> 51:32.700 Australia, Britain, and the others. If Russia realizes we have the power, their 51:32.700 --> 51:37.720 purpose for military aggression may well wither. The Senator sees no conclusive 51:37.720 --> 51:42.300 evidence that Russia wants war. He feels the Truman administration has brought us 51:42.300 --> 51:46.700 to danger and disaster, pushed us nearer to a general war, threatened us with 51:46.700 --> 51:52.660 economic collapse because of big defense expenditures. As usual, there is 51:52.660 --> 51:57.880 disagreement between the Senator from Ohio and the Governor of New York. Unless 51:57.880 --> 52:01.220 we're going to shrink within our own borders and wait to be conquered by a 52:01.220 --> 52:07.020 communist world, we must boldly make decisions that will keep friends for our 52:07.020 --> 52:12.820 cause both in Europe and in Asia. Again, former President Hoover. We Americans 52:12.820 --> 52:19.180 alone, with our sea and air power, can so control the Atlantic and Pacific oceans 52:19.180 --> 52:24.280 that there can be no possible invasion of the Western Hemisphere by communist 52:24.280 --> 52:30.380 armies. They can no more reach Washington in force than we can reach 52:30.380 --> 52:36.700 Moscow. Aside from the Hoover-Wary-Taft faction and the Dewey-Dulles wing, there 52:36.700 --> 52:40.140 is also a group of Republicans trying to remain out of the ranks of the 52:40.140 --> 52:44.020 conservatives and non-interventionists. Among them, Henry Cabot Lodge of 52:44.020 --> 52:48.300 Massachusetts, Margaret Chase Smith of Maine, and Wayne Morse of Oregon, who 52:48.300 --> 52:53.100 speaks now. I have yet to discuss this matter with the first American military 52:53.100 --> 52:58.580 expert who tells me that we would be safe to adopt the isolationist philosophy 52:58.580 --> 53:03.860 that is coming to sweep the Republican Party. As far as my party is concerned in 53:03.860 --> 53:11.740 the 82nd Congress, we better have it out now before 1952. Because if my party goes 53:11.740 --> 53:16.900 isolationist in the 82nd Congress, I have no doubt as to what the verdict of the 53:16.900 --> 53:23.700 American people will be in 1952. It will be anti-Republican. And I'm frank to say 53:23.700 --> 53:29.060 that if my party adopts an isolationist foreign policy and fails to recognize 53:29.060 --> 53:34.420 that our front line of defense now is Europe, fails to recognize that with the 53:34.420 --> 53:39.660 loss of Europe we will jeopardize the security of our own country, if my 53:39.660 --> 53:45.180 party follows that course of action, it should be defeated as I'm sure it will 53:45.180 --> 53:51.060 be defeated in 1952. We have tried to bring you a brief version of the debate 53:51.060 --> 53:55.380 within the Republican Party to reflect it rather than to participate in it. 53:55.380 --> 54:00.380 There are dangers in editing a man's voice, but we have tried to give you 54:00.380 --> 54:04.980 honest echoes of the principal spokesman in this controversy. One powerful 54:04.980 --> 54:08.980 persuasive voice is missing, that of Senator Arthur Vandenberg, the senior 54:08.980 --> 54:13.100 senator from Michigan, who is ill in Grand Rapids and who may not be able to 54:13.100 --> 54:18.660 resume his seat in the Senate. During a period from 1946 to 48, it is probably 54:18.660 --> 54:22.260 true that the administration could not have carried forward any foreign policy 54:22.260 --> 54:27.660 without the active aid and participation of Senator Vandenberg. He was disposed to 54:27.660 --> 54:33.220 consider national rather than political destiny. Men of goodwill of both parties 54:33.220 --> 54:37.340 may well join in the hope that the counsel and courage of Arthur Vandenberg 54:37.340 --> 54:42.060 will again be available to his fellow countrymen. We do not know precisely the 54:42.060 --> 54:45.820 position he would take in this current controversy, but he is a steadfast man, 54:45.820 --> 54:51.220 slow to anger, calm in crises. We thought it appropriate to conclude this 54:51.220 --> 54:54.980 examination of Republican foreign policy with a brief excerpt from one of 54:54.980 --> 54:58.940 Senator Vandenberg's last speeches delivered at Ann Arbor, Michigan, just 54:58.940 --> 55:06.000 about a year ago. When liberty under law becomes a universal concept, when it 55:06.000 --> 55:13.420 totally substitutes for the ugly mandates of jungle force, there will be 55:13.420 --> 55:21.940 at long last dependable peace for free men in a free world. When peace responds 55:21.940 --> 55:26.500 to international justice instead of international politics and 55:26.500 --> 55:35.540 international force, durable peace will bless the earth. That is our common 55:35.540 --> 55:45.340 overriding aim in the United Nations, which despite all obstacles is still the 55:45.340 --> 56:06.340 world's best final hope for the evolution of peace, justice, and security. 56:15.340 --> 56:24.420 You have been listening to Hear It Now, first week 1951, presented by the 56:24.420 --> 56:28.860 Columbia Network tonight and every week at this time in the interest of a better 56:28.860 --> 56:34.620 informed America. All the sounds and voices were real and were recorded on 56:34.620 --> 56:52.700 the scene of history in the making. 57:34.620 --> 57:45.540 Hear It Now is edited and produced by Edward R. Murrow and Fred W. Friendly 57:45.540 --> 57:50.660 and the CBS staff which includes Jesse Zausner, John Aaron, and Joe Werschberg. 57:50.660 --> 57:55.580 The Korean reports were gathered by CBS correspondents George Herman and John 57:55.580 --> 58:01.660 Jefferson in the field. Other portions of Hear It Now originated in New York City 58:01.660 --> 58:12.340 and the WTOP Washington, WKRC Cincinnati, WBBM Chicago, KNX Los Angeles, KCBS San 58:12.340 --> 58:22.380 Francisco, WKZO Kalamazoo, KOIN Portland, Oregon, WJR Detroit, KMBC Kansas City, 58:22.380 --> 58:28.960 WEEI Boston, and a radio station somewhere in Texas. Special 58:28.960 --> 58:32.660 acknowledgement is made to the British Broadcasting Corporation and United 58:32.660 --> 58:38.620 Nations Radio. Edward R. Murrow can be heard each weekday evening at 745 58:38.620 --> 58:44.420 Eastern Standard Time over most of these same CBS stations. This is Olin Tye 58:44.420 --> 58:46.900 speaking. 58:46.900 --> 59:00.700 It's amazing the things habit can do for one. We get dressed every morning 59:00.700 --> 59:04.740 without thinking about it at all. We can walk down the street, get on a bus, and 59:04.740 --> 59:08.820 find ourselves at work without having paid much conscious attention to the 59:08.820 --> 59:13.580 process at all. Habit does it. Habit helps us accomplish things with half the 59:13.580 --> 59:17.340 effort and often in half the time. That's why it's important to get that 59:17.340 --> 59:21.900 business of saving over into the habit category. And the easiest way to do that 59:21.900 --> 59:26.380 is to start saving by the system that makes it a habit automatically. Sign up 59:26.380 --> 59:31.340 to buy United States savings bonds by either the payroll savings plan or the 59:31.340 --> 59:36.420 bond a month plan. And there's your habit all set and ready to go. Regularly each 59:36.420 --> 59:40.500 week or each month you'll be setting aside money for a bond or buying one 59:40.500 --> 59:45.540 without any thought, without any effort. It's a good habit and remember a dollar 59:45.540 --> 59:50.940 free for every three. Double inducement to buy bonds now. This is CBS the stars 59:50.940 --> 01:00:11.260 address the Columbia Broadcasting System.