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266 HERBERT SPENCER

maintained, and extend the term genesis to include
all those processes aiding the formation and perfect-
ing of new individuals, the result of the whole
argument may be tersely expressed in the formula—
Individuation and Genesis vary inversely. And from
this conception important corollaries follow 5 thus,
other things equal, advancing evolution must be
accompanied by declining fertility; again, if the
difficulties of self-preservation permanently diminish,
there will be a permanent increase in the rate of
multiplication, and conversely.

The next step was an inductive verification of
these a priori inferences, and here Spencer utilised a
wealth of evidence drawn from a wide survey of the
animal and vegetable world. He measured individua-
tion by amount of growth, degree of development,
and fullness of activity, and his result always was that
genesis and individuation vary inversely. To the
question: How is the ratio established in each special
case? Spencer answered: By Natural Selection.
According to the particular conditions of the species,
natural selection determines whether the quantity of
matter spared from individuation for genesis be
divided into many small ova or a few large ones;
whether there shall be small broods at short intervals
or larger broods at longer intervals; or whether
there shall be many unprotected offspring, or a few
carefully protected by the parent. In other words,
natural selection determines the particular form which
the antithesis between individuation and genesis will
take. Finally, Spencer introduced the following
qualification. If time be left out of account, or if
species be considered as permanent, then the in-



	266 HERBERT SPENCER maintained, and extend the term genesis to include all those processes aiding the formation and perfect- ing of new individuals, the result of the whole argument may be tersely expressed in the formula— Individuation and Genesis vary inversely. And from this conception important corollaries follow 5 thus, other things equal, advancing evolution must be accompanied by declining fertility; again, if the difficulties of self-preservation permanently diminish, there will be a permanent increase in the rate of multiplication, and conversely. The next step was an inductive verification of these a priori inferences, and here Spencer utilised a wealth of evidence drawn from a wide survey of the animal and vegetable world. He measured individua- tion by amount of growth, degree of development, and fullness of activity, and his result always was that genesis and individuation vary inversely. To the question: How is the ratio established in each special case? Spencer answered: By Natural Selection. According to the particular conditions of the species, natural selection determines whether the quantity of matter spared from individuation for genesis be divided into many small ova or a few large ones; whether there shall be small broods at short intervals or larger broods at longer intervals; or whether there shall be many unprotected offspring, or a few carefully protected by the parent. In other words, natural selection determines the particular form which the antithesis between individuation and genesis will take. Finally, Spencer introduced the following qualification. If time be left out of account, or if species be considered as permanent, then the in-