EXTERIOR HOUSE DESIGN 183

Rhythm does not occur in a perfectly plain wall but where
openings, details, or changes appear. The eye is attracted to such
features, and they may be so designed that they lead the attention
about in a rhythmic connected path.

In an orderly arrangement the lines of doors and windows are
related to the lines of the house. The upper line of windows and
doors on one floor should usually be on the same level. Arched
openings are sometimes inharmonious with rectangular openings.
Uniformity in the size and shape of windows and window panes
is desirable. The angle, as well as the size of dormer windows and
gables, is an important factor in rhythm.

Repetition usually occurs in any form of architectural ornamen-
tation. The exterior surface material is often full of the rhythm
of repetition. Shadows cast by clapboards or shingles sometimes
make a strong repeat pattern. Bricks and the mortar between them
create repetition, but conspicuous difference in color between brick
and mortar is objectionable. Other types of rhythm are radiation,
which occurs in the spokes of a fanlight, and transition, which oc-
curs in arches or other rounded forms.

Variation in line, size, texture, and color adds interest to exterior
house design if used discreetly. An example of variety in direc-
tion occurs where boards on the first story of a house are horizontal
and boards on the second story are vertical Variety in form and
size occurs where wings project from the main mass of the house.
Variation in surface texture and color is undesirable in small
houses. Since variety is not unlike seasoning it must be used with
restraint. Variety within unity is the goal to seek.

Objectives to be sought in the appearance of the exterior of a
house are simplicity, unity, and finally beauty. Simplicity and
modesty are essential in the design of small houses; no pretentious
details are appropriate for them.

Unity results when the house design consists of harmonious parts
copnbined in a well-integrated whole. Dominance of the main
mass of the house and dominance of one material, one color, and
one idea insure unity.

Beauty is elusive; it can best be recognized or produced by those
who understand how to analyze the elements of art according to
the principles of design; understanding is attained by practise in
analysis,