IS POLAND LOST?

over the world, to England, France, the United
States of America, and even to Africa and Asia.
There were Christian Polish refugees, too. How-
ever coldly these * undesirable aliens' were received
by the various governments, they had the sympathy
of all the liberty-loving peoples. German poets,
like Lehnau and Uhland, expressed the true feel-
ings of their compatriots by their warm attitude
towards the Polish Emigres. (Incidentally, this
movement of refugees after 1830 reminds one of
the position in 1939, when Hitler, after incurring
the detestation of the whole civilized world by the
bestial brutalities he practised in order to get rid
of half a million highly cultured Jews, has sent his
people to the slaughter in order to incorporate in
the Reich, among others, two million Polish Jews.)

Meanwhile, Europe was watching with bated
breath the horrible drama that was being played
out in Poland. The 'Polish Kingdom' was now no
more than a name. The army was dissolved, ParlS^
ment abolished, all the Polish schools and Uni-
versities closed, and Russian was made the exclusive
official language. Nor was Russia alone to blame.
In 1833 the three Powers involved in the partition
of Poland met in Miinchengratz (Bohemia) to
work out a joint programme of anti-Polish perse-
"cution, mutually undertaking to deliver the Polish
'political criminals* to each other.

But all this brutality and inhumanity could not
keep the Poles down. In 1846 and 1848 they rose
again, sacrificing themselves in their thousands on
the altar of liberty. In Lemberg, Poznan and
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