STATIONERS ~~ — x ~_— . tian HOU Mane 2 Mitw sTRE™ White Pine Groves Present-Day Trees and the Giants of Eld —Were They Another Variety? , BY WINTHROP PACKARD brown brushed my this mornit TINY cheek ly southes the November one of many that from the pine tops this was the singla wing o a seed cane harry has Iver sin August the wir- this and the stripped store under the big these have left them eeds, It much for the squirrel. He the very 1aw the cone down the tree the tin zy seeds, gale. belated tered for it pine heén good. IJ rels have spindles lie by th pasture pines wher after eating the § work for amall pay mi climb Véenturesomely to tip of the slippery limb, from its hold, then: run and gnaw it to pieces for within. S6 light are these wing nnd all, that it takes tgventy to thirty thousand of them to weleh a pound and it Is probably fortunate that squirrels do seed alone However, the gnawing means as much to the squir- rel as the @ating, for the squirrel’s teeth frow constantly and he must continually them off or he dles, stabbed by his incisors Which in the afc of a cirele. Yet the squirrel is an adept at eetting at the tiny, foothsome seed and he can strip 4 cone of its seales far faster than I can, use my knife. He holds the cone end upward in his fore paws which are so like hands, Severs the base of the with his ivory shears and has munched the two little seeds that cling close under the very bot- tom of the almost before you can him do it. wise naturalis the squirrel does net handling of the cone, tomatically by blind Bets his results in the with the least effort. soning could teach him no more and if instinct is such a splendid short cut to the solution of problems it is a pity that not added to our common sehool The squirrel, they say, docs It because he and his ancestors have done it in the same way for untold genera- tions, the antomatic impulse being born in him and bound to appear at the right moment, just as his teeth grow without his own Volition. Yet there must have been a time when the first squirrel sat up on a limb with his first pine cone in his paws. Did he réasan out the way ta feat those steds or did he Know in- stinctively? And if so what is instinct in his case? : For all the squirrels sot s0 many cones that in some places in the wodds the ground is fairly carpeted with the brown scales which they prompted by this vlever whatever-it-is that 1s such an excellent substitute for wisdom, there are plenty still left on-the treés where they dangle from the branch tips, their scales Raping and the seeds for the most part gone Left to themselves they have béaen fying away ever since September, a few at a time on dry, windy days when their sittgle wins would seul tem farthest. One might impute Instinet or whatever i igs to the pine tree too; she wotKs so methodically for the preserva- tion of her species, A year ago last spring the mother pine put ferth the be- pinnings of thosé plne cones that now dingls brown anid pitchy, or drop tothe _ground, uséless except as kindlings far my camptire. Theh thay were wee gold- én-rereén buds of pistiliate flowe set hieh on the uppermost branch tins that the pollen from the tree's own stamin- ate blooms might miss then [In its flight down the wind and thus avoid inbreoding, If they miss fertiliastion altogether they fall off Tt 18 commonly uid that the pines produce a erop of cones once In five or seven y 8, Which is true in part, just as the statement that every seventh waye at sea is larger than any of its preceding six is occasionally borne out by the facts. JL do not recall years in which the pines Have failed to put forth both staminate and pistiliate blossoms. Sometimes frost gets these and they fail to reproduce, Sometimes so long rain will prevent ihe pollen from being dissemin- ated by the wind until {ts time is pa 1 and again there is a failure in cones, Only onee in a while is the ason per feotly favorable, and then we get that seventh wave in pine eones and the squirrels rejoice that they ean file their teeth and fill their cheek pouches at the same time. The years when theré are no cones at all Sending forth thelr seeds in September area few This the harvest in my neighhortiood has an excellent one, The fertilized bloom soon ceases io be a little Christmas candle on the tree top, closes its tiny scales over its growing Seeds and becomes a4 little green cone still sitting upright on the upper branch tip where it grew. By autunin it is in ineh and a half long, the short peduncle which attaches it to the branch has lengthened and thickened, but is not Able to hold it wholly Grect, 9 much has it gained in weight. At that sedson the young cone and its fellows have tipped over horizon- (al ot even becomes slightly pendulous. Thus it remains through the winter, its scales pr @ close to its core and to one another, defending the tender seeds from all cold and making a Seemingly ‘solid chunk of the whole, Toward spring T have known squirrels to attack these aulum white and the known seems seeds not live hy pine wear own £TowW even if I stem scale scale, Fae Certain us ‘that reason in this acting@ au- Yet he shortest time and “he highest rea- £ &5sure use merely instinet. severed, indeed, year been Young cones, but rarely, and I am not sure whether it Was because of the pres- sure of hunger or whether some young sep uir Ss instinct to sharpen his teeth ou them made him a Obit precocious. adolescent srowing very early in spring. Youth have its way, ahd in this case seize on the fit Ly) the topmost br: h pelling it to the nourishing of cones before it can the new leaves or crap of and soms for the summer, S add @ quarter inch to length before the that year appear, and their them still more on the s hem distinetly fe Aueust th These again will seems to eCones begin the that tips, the 4 eom- making even inate pistillate The their suing of an blossoms of welght sags making t ihe t sm, pendulous. ay wreedy feeders have nat ripened the seeds within the still close-pressed scales, but have multiplied their own length by four, be- ing four to six inches lone and hanging pretty nearly straight down by thair weight. Their mor ales he or mo i been forth éarly from their and t only work is Fifty or hundred has done then. each the perfect ripe and produce 6ther Noptember the sap basins ta these ripe cones, the scales green plumpness curl back toward cone. This gives the siskins, thea pine pecially the erossbills funity and they eagerly £ ds as the narrow them a chance at, Batween the squirrels the pine future Aare decimated have been planted, bountifully for the all her favori hountifully in cone a fertili and ready to #0 nine ation are trees. Tn Teceds lose and begin to dry the base of the seed eating birds, Rrasbeaks and es- their oppor Pluck out will the forests of before the hest suc openings 2ive and the their seods provides reproduction of ; yet far more some instances in others. A thousaha young birche spring from seed, to one pie in our Massachusetts woods, and no wonder. ach birth treé ripens a sand Ads to one that come in the great cones of the pine, Yet the are compensations for the pine Barring axes and accidents it may out its third céntury and yearly give more and more comfort and inspiration to mankind as it inere 8S In dignity and heauty, The birch may give comfort ari inspiration too throweh its Brace and beauty, but it is lucky if it lasts out @& score of years, Tt often a surprise to me to ses how far a seed will fly with but one Wing. The air currents set it spinning the moment It leaves its parent tree making of it at once & tiny fyroscope with a nele blade of a propéller. Its gvrosebpic avality steadies it and the whirl of its propeller tends. aly S to lift itS weight, Hence with a downward current it falls with a less velocity than the wind which whirls it, in a level breeze it often holds its own, while in the upward = slanting streams of Air which flow so often along and away from tha earth's surface it rises easil The stronger the wind the more the faster whirl of that tiny pro- Peller tends to keep it in air and with a fo00d September gale thrashing seed aut of its enor a pine tree may be planting its kind for miles to leeward, The seed that brushed niry cheelc morning made no such offing. ugfht in & baci addy 11 whirlell round & sunny glide for a& Moment, then sin a sudden luli spun directly downward to the grass, here again its shape favored it: The first STAass Spear Stopped itis spinning ana it dived plummet+like out of Sight, the thin, propeller begoming a tail that kept {t head downward while it slippew most eannily té the very mould. . THere 7. found it, still in such a position that movement, every pressure, would it Gown out of sight. of all sead eating creatures where it might r and ripen till spring when it wotld be ready to germinate. Searching the pine erove and serubby country that outlles it, I all stages of pine gfrowth, from the enaried patriarch four feet in diameter at the butt to the germinating seedling. The pattiarch is nearly a hundred feet tall, and though T know many pines of his heleht, I have found none of quite his diaméter, and I am yery sure none of hereabouts. His age I can but yet I know that fry years ago he was &8 larze as he is now, Indeed, he had more wood in him, for his lowér limbs that then were green and flourish- ing and six to eight inchas in diameter have since decayed and fallen Away. tently a pine was felled in Pennsylvania which was 155 feet tall and 42 inches through at 4 feet 6 tinct from the ground. This tree was 361 years old; I Natura thou- * to maturity tree. live this r every Carry the found kave reason to believé my patriarch is as } His héight is not so three trunks instead from that gnarled butt above the Bround. There are oc trees like this one etill standing in eastern Massachusetts. They have g@en their children and grani- children grow to marketable size and fall before the woodchopper's axe, They have seen one or two generations of hardwood grow between the euttings, yet they still are allowed to remain. In enutting off wood it used to be thea tom of our forefathers to leave here and there a particularly enarled and difficult fine that thé seed might furnish a erowth for succeeding generations. Hence these occasional trees. I may be wrong, but IT have an idea that my pa- triarch was growing right where he stands, ® young ahd Vigorous Sanling, when qdnuaint old Josselyn wrote about those two voyages to New England in old as that—one, great, but he of one, spring at & number eus- than F thé aariy years of the tury, Josealyn seventeenth cdeh- mivyes us to unde the wood of the white pine tioned in Seripturés as gopher wood out of which Noah built the ark, Geéps thinly if the witlie pine of lyn’s day abundant in the neighborhood of ‘atin Noah's time he eould have ne better The wood i and straight grained. the world } Stand that that men-= the done light, soft, may stare , worked or more generally satisfactory Indeed the last half-century the good white Dine of the world pretty nearly ywsed up, ceriainiy all the best of it, for woot- working purposes V@are ago It Naw and wood, to- ést-priced, and the old- free from knots and sap- impossible tO obtain at any price. For all the forestry we cam bring into play it will take than three centuries to grow for trees as were common in New Hampshire a century ago, In 1832 white pines were rare in Maine six feet in diameter and 240 feet high, In 1786 near the Merrimac River above Dunstable in Ne Hampshire a pine was out, strale&ht and sound and diameter at the butt of 7 feet Half a thousand ye ; re many in which to #row such a that. Coild a man haye fe of @ on his tarm any- Where in New England today they would he worth than other the tentubries could have The securely in close for one more has sen was the cheapest day it is the his time clear pin wood is alme more us-such Maine And having a inches none too pins ¢ more any crop raised for him. seedlings hide $a and under does one} summer's youngest pine the pasture that £rTass the low bunehes rarely notice them during the first frowth. By the end of that time they singularls to my mind, ike fairy 3, Dlanted in the wardens wiiere folk stroll on midsummer Their single stem and the spread. ing whorl of leaves at are in about the same proportion as those of a palmetto leaves have been tossed and shredded by the trade winds, That so tiny a twig could he- 4 come, in the pe age of centuries even, ai 200-foot seems difficult to beliave. It looks no more likely than ihat the “ground+pine’ whith is taller than the eeedling and fully as sturdy should some day be 200 feet tall. Yet the gcround- pine may grow from its creeping stock for 4 thousand years in the shade ur one grove and nevér be over a root tall. Thus easily may we he deceived hyf small beginnifies. No palm ever rivalled 4 Tull-grown pine in height and girth, yet & palin comes out of the ground ag ) sreat In diaméter of triink and with asé abundant a leafdere as it will ever have. Watehing séedling pines erow year hy it is difficult to see how the gread,} trunked, old-time pines that tow- the Whose great tree ered Over two hundred feet tall and wen from, four to six feet in disameter came about. The free growing pastura pine makes a round headed shrub, for the first ten years or of its Hfe, with abun- dant long limbs, and is elAd ih profuse follage fren top t6 bottom Even as dea- a eades Its limbs stil) remain numer f ous though there ts sbhundant wood in the half century la pasture nine it is of Uttle for dumber, for the limbs, young and old, have filled its trunk with Where pur present day trees have p ceeded in thickly and uniformly over eon- BSiderable different, the tre ow old the ‘Sling to outio its st more light and air, iécat in time and in the progress of forty or filty years we cet a “saconrl arowth’ pine which is dairly limbless for a Height of forty ur fifty feet. Give the trees -another helt eentury If wai will, 1 Know many that have d that and still their trunks, though fairiv bare, show the knots whére thie Wmbs have Veen and produce anything but clear lumber. It may be that by Biving these century-old another cen- tury or two we shoufd lave something like the old perfect boles that our sreat srandfathérs ent out of the Maine woods, but I am not so sure about it. T ste no promise of it in the conditidns under which pines grow today Hven my pa- triarch, though he has, I am very sure; sufficient years to his dredit twoula cut up into only ga medium quality OF hox boards; there is no clear lumber I hihi, To produce the wonder traes of the early half of the nineteenth century the tiny Seeds must have rooted plentifully in rich soil, the trees mist haye #fown 50 close toxeiher as to steadily and Bers Sistently crowd out the weaker and shorter, and in the passing of two, three or four centumes we had remaining the magnificent specimens, towerlng two hundred or more feet in the air, their trunks Without limb or knot for more than half that distance. Sueh conditions may account for these enormous trees, yet I am inilined to think that they duo not.. I am inclined tod thé belief that in these Biant pines we had a variety of Pinus Strabus which was Vary closely al- lied [oO our Smaller trees, but which wae not the same dust as the Sequola gigan- tea of the higher Stier is a gigantic variety of redwood, closely allied to but not the same as the Sequoia semperyi- rens, Which flourishés rer the Goast and in the lower levels, That would easily explain why our pines, which we call “second growth,” show little ten- dency to betome such majesiie or s6 jong lived trees as the giants of & century and more ago. It is @oubtful if any of the old time mighty ones remain in any re- motest corner of our forests. It is a pity, too, for it is probable that in destroying the last one we destroved a varlety of pine that was far nobler than any left. se knots. apace it ik row taller, each neighbors and Lower limbs ETOVE: roves summit of it = TOOt= Then ass ay / /) %% _ ww a | (Nanya < pr Foo. 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WAAR f al pote TAL Pp) Ch ae re =~ wae f 2, Aj 7 ING Cte | (KLY REPUBLICAN: THURS nee AT WILLIAMSTOWN seni FOUND IN SAND SPRINGS And of the White Man, Too, Found to Be Due to the Properties of Radium. i Che discovery of radium in the waters of Sand springs at Williamstown, widely known because of their medicinal prop- erties, made early in the summer, has been followed by examination and study by scientists, who have determined be- yond any doubt that radium exists in the spring, though to what extent it is a dif- | ficult matter to ascertain. Prof J, H. {1 P Shrader and Assistant Prof Brainerd Mears of the faculty of Williams college have been examining the waters frequent- ly for the past few months and each time have found radium beyond question. The springs from which this radium gas has been taken are located on the north side of Williamstown, about a mile from Will- iams college. They are owned by Dr §8, I. Lloyd, who has built there a sani- tarium and large bathhouses, aud they 7 ; : have come into popularity as a bathing and summer resort. 4 As far back as the springs have been known in history there Have been stories “GOOD MEDICINE” OF THE INDIANS ? | | | ( of their wonderful healing properties. The | present owner came into their pos in 1894. He was then a practicing physi- | cian in Williamstown and realized that | the water of the springs had some peculiar healing properties, particularly for skin diseases and rheumatic troubles. He bought the property of Foster EH. Swift, a well-known hotel’ man of North Adams, and immediately began its development. In 1895 he built a sanitarium, intending to develop the springs solely for their medicinal property. The place was sought as a summer resort, however, and with that there were added large bathing. fa- cilities until now the springs are widely known as a bathing resort, The fact | that.the water contains healing proper- ties always gave the doctor a bit of trouble because he was never able to determine what they were. Every analysis of the water showed that it was almost pure, the largest amount- of mineral salts ever found in a gallon was six grains and a fraction, which was not sufficient to be of any practical medical value. About a year ago a chemist expressed the opinion that the healing properties of the water were due to the presence fof radium rather than to any mineral salts. The positiveness of the chemist led the doctor to place the water before Prof Shrader and Assistant Prof Mears. Prof Shrader says that radium exists in the water beyond doubt. He explained the method of examination and said that when- | ever any gases had been obtained from the spring they always showed radium. The | gases were caught as they bubbled up | and were closely confined, and the exam- ination made as soon as they could be taken to the laboratory. To whatever ex- tent the radium exists, it cannot be, Prof Shrader says, of any commercial value, ex- cept by the springs theniselves. It is im- possible to confine radium gas for. any length of time, the longest that it has been eonfined being four days, As far back as the days of the Indians these springs were known!) as medicinal springs. The old Mohawk trail passed not far from them, and the, Taiians stopped there every time they pyssed. Mason Walker, who died six.or eight years ago at the age of 97, liyed within_a stone’s throw of the springs for’81 years, and remembered when a medicine man pitched camp there and did a land office business with the water as a healer.) Aaron Smed- Jey, a member of a family of Williams- town settlers. as early as 1762 told of the value of the waters, according to “The Origins of Williamstown,” by the late Dr A, lL. Perry of Williams college. More than 100. years ago there was _a_ bath house at the springs, for in 1826 an old paper published in Williamstown, ‘The American Advocate,” advertised the baths and the healing water of the spring, The spring was then owned by a man named West. For a time the property was allowed to go down, but during this time the springs were visited every year by regular visitors, among whom was the well-known Springfield hotel man, the late Tilly Haynes, who was enthusiastic over them. All kinds of stories have been told of what the waters have done for the sick and the lame, but so far as can be ascertained they never made the blind see nor the Jame walk, It is certain, however, that they have worked cures in many cases of skin diseases and rheumatism, and sev- eral instances are cited whore they have succeeded when physicians have failed. The present owner has developed the wa- ter as a table water, and is making from it a gitger ale and soda, building up a considerable business in this line. No great attention has ever been paid to the curative side, and the examjnation of the water the past summer came largely from the curiosity of Dr Lloyd and the interest of Prot Sbhrader and. Assistant Prof Mears in the possibility that radium ex- isted, ——— eae a EE —— a Ure ALLS R124 PARKS 2 YOR _ Le Lt oo | OL eM Y ( Ly O- © 1 ,-Gi_ pn __ A Ken Bb, 4! Lo Ro Charaevserrc ere COnThya, GA II / acer. . | co tet KALAL LL . 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Ee Ce fixe buat (Cs Ke =o fetae 2 a ee iY Lt ea ae Se Sorry Aer Wa Gave Rh; doen es 2M cer fren we ff LZ, ase ae (tte SG O ee rr if Poke. ie a EEO ee ae ee ee ane FU we acre bret fot, ude we florbrre Cye1— ps pees ith Pb A / Ba ha poke te ae Kor na AUN Un ates Ha! ee Pea A 1a aie WA cae “Ligd o eh AGAC te ete ime Pern ALA “f- ‘oii hha tie “f- wa PANA LLL 4 tt e CS APs eee ohorrf- TOA ati f— pe Wea “as U4tra_ + a oth, Gerth —< Se Ey, heey Ce 1 a aes iy V VE Q- ‘hd , ect i 7 A rv OSs LE ge L OP. bane oh SA ft _§ +7 T2e OI on fietut crfledierl., Ke | FARA S foot mins Lea. ee) Ben | ae SE ee fe bee ay Ka ore oe eres 9 ay ane Ocak. | ta Wty fate — of We EpasteeKQ iy ee aK Co-K. rs e5 Vi zax LCL4 (HA Www C4 Sfp ta P in abt tucniieee ~)D ZZ di i] AS FU AL LH vUt*L THE WINTER OF 1903-1904 The winter of 1908-1904 will long be re- membered both on account of the large amount of snow which has fallen and for the low temperatures. which have been ex- perienced. It has proved to be a So-called “old-fashioned” winter and, certainly, it will tax the memory of the oldest inhabi- tant to recall. a winter with a greater snowfall or a longer continued period of sleighing, At the Blue Hill Observatory, during the three winter months of December, Janua- ry and February, 83 inches of snow have fallen. Durlng November there were 4 inches, and so far in March there have been 6 inches, making a total, from Noy. 6 to date of 93 inches, or nearly 8 feet of snow. This is the largest amount yet recorded in any winter since the establishment of the observatory in 1885, and is more than twice the average depth of 45 inches, the fall during January, alone, being 48 inches, Other snowy winters fall far behind 1908-1904 in snowfall, the next greatest depth recorded being that of 1898-1894 when, in the three winter months, 64 inches | fell. 1886-1887 follows with a total of 62 inches, while 1902-1903 has a record of 61 inches. 1903-1904 also holds the record for the number of days on which. snow fell, having 27 to its credit when one-tenth of an inch or more fell, and 10 days with less than that amount. This winter is close. ly approached, however, by several other years in this respect, there being 26 days in 1886-1887, 25 in 1887-1888, and 24 each in 1892-1893, and in 1900-1901, when one-tenth of an inch of snow fell, the average num- ber being 18. During this winter snow has covered the . ground for a longer consecutive period than ever before recorded in this vicinity, during a period of twenty. years. In De- cember, from the 2d to the 9th, the ground was covered with snow varying from 1. to 4 inches and good sleighing was enjoyed, while from Dec. 26 to date the ground has been constantly covered, the amount varying between 4 and 24 inches, The maximum depth of 24 inches was re- corded on Jan, 9 and again on Feb. 15, At no time between Jan, 3 and Feb, 29 was the amount on the ground less than 13 inches. Not alone in snowfall has this winter distinguished itself, however, While not the coldest on record yet it takeg its stand among the coldest, being the most severe since 1875. As - Jogi P Pp , a te AAn ste P a, tig RET lig a Jute. vy CL @/p/*t D<_» : 7 tL , eA, CO, if The cold weather began to evidence-it- self early in November and has contin- ued with few interruptions until the pres~ ent week. November as a whole was not an extraordinarily cold month, owing to a very warm period during the first week, but thedatter part evened things up by be- . ing from 10 to 20 degrees colder than the average for that time of year. Decem- ber proved to he the coldest December SInce 1890 and January turned out to be the coldest month of that name since 1803, while February, not to be outdone by its predecessors, kept up the good work by be- ing the coldest February in nineteen years, The average temperature for the three winter months has been 20.8 degrees, and this has been exceeded only four times in fifty-five years, 1852, 1868, 1873 and 1875 ~ being colder. 1868 was the coldest winter in this vicinity since weather reeords be- gan to be kept in 1849, being about 2 de- grees colder than this winter. January, | 1857, is the coldest month on record, the average temperature being 12.7 degrees or. 5.8 degrees colder than January, 1904, During this winter the temperature has fallen below zero fourteen times, the aver- age number being five times. R On Jan. 5 and 6 the minimum tempera- tures of 32 and 28 degrees below zero were recorded at the Valley Station of the ob- Servatory in Readville. ‘These are the low~ est temperatures on record in this vicinity. There has been somewhat less than the normal amount of sunshine. The wind velocity has not been unusual and there. were no very severe gales. The wind di- rection was chiefly Irom the west and northwest. ; L. A. Wxuzs - Blue Hill Observatory, Milton, Mass., ‘Maréh 9, 1904, SS ee ae ; il 1 | i) i | Hr / | eo OW | hip Ptrrtou. /0,/0 we AR ro om oces” ie le Aa VCMOUALE , ae Orit ii leut- Rohe Cue, COV 447 Fe Ve Ue T fred prow. At. 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' 7 ‘ i ve eg ) pat ] ; r Tey ay é f Aid ai / / . ; f , = ow 149M Regverttrpre at Par read Yo wns 76S + unk. Late. £3 Ld.) e Ae th, ; "HAIN NOINQ OY} JO Lap1O oY} 0} UMVIP 9q P[NOYsS syOoTHO pspyoy1oy porepoep oq Avur dryszequiout ‘199yvo19y3 sAvp 9Ay-Aq10F pred you JT > *poqsod ov ‘48ur WIT Ot} e10J0q pred you ere sonp ATYIWOUT ESsOyA SIOqUIEUI JO souMeN eet: de —— - ee soo ence __ oF EST cee! i — = | 1 snoour||a0si Aj Le ol { | - + seseuse9 / | seceee is te : SUI0OY4 \\ [ss | + \ spreuiia eee 2 dae a Oe Ot rae a s1VBI9 gf i) eae es cpl as ge ts” PES sagen cl | Jo a tt a then Sale aeerans ma aren ae =o si . 0, de a ge LEDPPOOND LED A iain Lo 2 y Gi S06! ns ‘uojsog is AVIN — INSW3LVLS ATHLNOW anid NOINNA.- KMS frre. ; 905 — Newbery int ] : QV 23 ma AD Rokge: ley G. te laet Moi, : i PratKied atK[the ‘ oe . Vv Pant ee et ee ate nee me EE a NOVEMBER DRY AND SUNNY. Month Was a Record-Break2r in Sun- shine According to Blue Hill Ob- servatory Records. The records of the Blue Hill Obser- f vatory show that the past month was he the sunniest November in more than 20 years. There were 174-hours of sunshine, the normal being 132 hours. The highest previously recorded was 153 hours in November, 1899: The av- erage relative humidity this: year and the cloudiness were also the lowest in 20 years, The rainfall was on half the usual amount, put there have been several dryer Novembers in re- cent years. For four successive No- vembers the rainfall has been small. This vear there was very little rain until the last few days of the month. The temperature averaged about one degree colder than normal. ‘can aan’ ‘ i= lied See: