Monsoon.	sugarcane.     Some   also   give   sweet-oil
cakes. Only one or two cultivators give
in addition, turmeric mixed with sesa-
mum oil, which serves as a purifier of
blood.
Occasionally grass is replaced or supplemented by
straw of paddy, and stems and leaves of wal and other
pulses.
The usual food given to milch cattle and young ones
is grass, straw and stems and leaves of pulses. But the
cows and she-buffaloes, when in milk, are given a kind
of substantial food which consists, of cotton-seed, guar-
seed and kunski i.e. pulverised chaff of paddy.
This systematic method of giving food to cattle is fol-
lowed by none of those who possess the third grade of
cattle. Instead of giving grass usually and straw occa-
sionally, they give to their cattle straw more often than
grass. Now straw has a low nutritive power and work-
ing animals expected to do hard work on the field can-
not get sufficient vitality from this kind of food. It may
be noted that even straw is not given in sufficient quan-
tity, for the quantity of straw available to the farmer is
limited by the amount of paddy he raises on his small
field. Guar seeds are rarely given. This class general-
ly does not keep she-buffaloes which require rich food_t
but the cows that they keep are also underfed even when
in milk.
(ii) Indifference in tending cattle : The Ujaliparaj are
very careful about their cattle. They keep either herds-
men for taking their cattle regularly out to graze for the
whole year or entrust this duty to one of their sons or
daughters. Moreover they are always careful about
the place of grazing and about the kind of water that
their cattle are allowed to drink. The Kaliparaj do
send their children to look after their cattle but they are
not so careful about these things. Moreover, unlike the
Ujaliparaj, these people have not got sufficiently large