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yats and others—all referring to Malabar, in which the. village
he studied is situated. So far as the village study itself is con- .
cerned, though the author has statistically examined the economic
condition of the village as a whole, he has not analysed the
figures further with a view to give us an exact idea as to what
proportion of the people live in poverty. Nor has he touched the
conception of the capital value of the village.
(6) Major Jack's is a purely statistical study of a district (Farid-
pur), with necessary explanations to put flesh upon the dry bones
of statistics.
(7) In his study of Kabirpur Dr. Lucas added to the standard
scope the following topics: marriage and other social customs,
education, sanitation, administration and a few remarks on the
marketing organization of the village. He has moreover given
an interesting annual time-table of the work of a farmer. Greater
details are given regarding the people, their occupations, indebted-
ness, rents and wages. This study, like Dr. Slater's, includes
only three typical budgets—one of a Sheikh agriculturist, an-
other of a weaver and the third of a chamar.
(8) The contents of Mr. Bhalla's work are mostly similar to
those .included in the above study. The only additions are
details on a few topics like land revenue, sales and mortgages,
and in the discussion of new topics like the actual cost of sinking
a well, and a concrete instance to illustrate the process of sub-
division and fragmentation of land, This study, like Dr. Lucas,'
is also incomplete as it does not contain a statistical pre-
sentation of the economic condition of the people.
Having thus considered the scope, we may briefly discuss the
method. The method in such intensive village surveys means
the method of collecting data with regard to the size of population,
its equipment, its income, expenditure and indebtedness. It in-
volves in practice either a schedule or a questionnaire, A
questionnaire alone is generally used in those studies in which no
attempt has been made to calculate the income and expenditure
of the village as a whole. For instance, in Study No. (4) an
elaborate questionnaire has been given. In Studies (7) and (8)
a questionnaire was evidently in mind while making the survey,
though none has been given in the works themselves as published.l
In study No. (6) 'an abstract of the rules and instructions in
accordance with which the economic information was gathered'
1 It may be noted that the elaborate questionnaire issued by the Punjab
Economic Enquiry Board has obviously been based on these studies. This
Board published "An Economic Survey of Gaggar Bhana" (Amritsar
District) by S. Gian Singh under the supervision of C. M. King, I.C.S.,
in 1928. The questionnaire referred to above has been included in this
work.