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have seen * that increasing population has accentuated the
problem oŁ sub-division which in turn has resulted in low
production in agriculture. We can also see that low pro-
duction, or the comparative poverty of the Kaliparaj, is
associated with greater fecundity.2 In other words, the
vicious circle, namely, over-population leading to poverty,
and poverty in turn leading to over-population, is com-
plete. Indebtedness is the inevitable consequence. ' Is
there any way out of it ? This is the difficult question we
must now try to answer.

THE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

The state of affairs is not so hopeless as it seems to be
at first sight.

Agricultural production : All throughout this work
we have seen that there are yet great potentialities which,
if tapped, can materially raise the low level of agricultural
production. We shall briefly mention them with a view to
indicate a programme for the economic reconstruction of
the village. The following table summarises the principal
defects in the economic organization of this village,
which are responsible for low returns from land, and their
respective remedies ; most of these have been already
mentioned.

l-The instance of the Kikla's family is illustrative of this remark;
Vide Chapter VII.
gWe have seen in Chapter III that the Kaliparaj have greater fecun-
dity, than the Ujaliparaj. In the preceding section we have seen that
they are poorer than the Ujaliparaj.