IO2 MANNING

Education Act of 1870 on the ground that it
inflicted injustice and hardship on denomina-
tional schools. And he served on an Education
Commission appointed to .consider a new policy,
among the other members being Dr. Temple,
Bishop of London, Dr. Rigg, a Wesleyan, and
Dr. Dale, the famous Birmingham Congrega-
tionalist whom Manning detested. With the
backing of the Anglicans, Manning dominated
the Commission, which secured the principle of
rate aid for voluntary schools, which was bitterly
fought by the Nonconformists in the early years
of this century, but which remains to this day.

Catholic democracy seemed to have been born
with the publication of the encyclical of 1891.
Writing forty-four years afterwards, it is tragic
to note how the enthusiasm for social reform that
marked the later years of Cardinal Manning's
life, and gave the Roman Church in England for
a few years immense influence and prestige,
practically came to an end in his Church at his
death. In this century the priests and prelates
who have inherited his anger at social injustice
and his zeal for social reform have, for the most
part, belonged to the Church from which the
Cardinal seceded.