MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM BRISBANE VOLUME 33 30 JUNE, 1993 PART 1 TWO NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPOD CRUSTACEANS (CIROLANIDAE) FROM MADANG, PAPUA NEW GUINEA NIEL L. BRUCE Bruce, N.L. 1993 06 30: Two new genera of marine isopod crustaceans (Cirolanidae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 31(1): 1-15. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Aatolana gen.nov. is characterized by lobate pleopod peduncles, medially indented cephalon anterior margin, and posteriorly acute epimera on pleonite 3. Aatolana rapax sp.nov., the type species, is described from specimens trapped at depths from 150-450m off the outer reef slope at Madang. Aatolana schiodtei comb.nov. is transferred from the genus Cirolana. Plakolana gen.noy. is characterised by flattened posterior pereopods provided with long setae and spines, a medially indented cephalon anterior margin, elongate frontal lamina, quadrate pleopod | peduncle and the unique shape of the epimera of pleonite 3. Plakolana accola sp.nov., the type species, is described from trapped specimens off the outer reef slope at Madang, at depths from 300 to 450m. Plakolana nagada sp.nov. occurs within the barrier reef in shallow (16-22m) silty or sandy bottoms. Plakolana sp. and P. binyana comb.nov. are transferred from Cirolana. Both genera are known only from the Southwest Pacific. Lllsopoda, Cirolanidae, new genera, new species, Aatolana, Plakolana, southwest Pacific, taxonomy. Niel L. Bruce, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, Queensland 4101, Australia; present address: Zoologisk Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK 1200, Kobenhavn @, Denmark; Contribution No.74 from the Christensen Research Foundation, POB 305, Madang, Papua New Guinea; 10 July, 1992. Published reports devoted to the marine isopod fauna of New Guinea are few (see Bruce, 1982, Jones et al., 1983) although a number of records have recently been published as part of longer reports (e.g. Bruce, 1986a,b; Bruce & Harrison- Nelson, 1988; Williams & Williams, 1992). The nearby region of tropical and subtropical Queens- land has receeived more attention from isopod taxonomists, and there the family Cirolanidae is represented by 52 species in 12 genera (although numerous species still remain to be described). In 1989, I spent three weeks at the Christensen Research Institute at Jais Aben, Madang survey- ing the isopod fauna of the reefs and, to a lesser extent, near-reef sediments, from the intertidal to a depth of about 30m. Cirolanids were sampled at greater depths by the use of baited traps. The area proved to have a rich and diverse isopod fauna with well in excess of 100 species. With more thorough sampling of particulate sedimentary habitats this total should rise even further. The family Cirolanidae is represented in the Madang collection by about 27 species in 11 genera, indicating a very high diversity when compared to figures available for single localities elsewhere. For example, Heron Island, a well collected location at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef has 16 species in 7 genera (Bruce, 1986a). The entire Caribbean region has a total 22 free-living species (Kensley & Schotte, 1989), while Aldabra Island, in the Western Indian Ocean, when surveyed by Kensley (1988), yielded only 3 species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were collected using methods de- scribed in Bruce (1986). Appendages were dis- sected from the right side of the specimen unless stated otherwise in the figure captions. All species described here were collected by setting baited traps overnight. The trap design is a ‘minnow trap’ made of storm drain piping fitted with end caps to which cut off funnels had been fitted. Drawings of appendages were made using a compound microscope for Plakolana and a dis- secting microscope for the larger Aatolana. Pereopod orientation is identified as anterior (= superior) and posterior (= inferior); the margin to which the dactylus folds is regarded as posterior in both pereopods 1-3 and 4-7, even though the orientation of the posterior limbs is reversed; the lateral surface is the outward facing surface of the pereopod, and mesial is inward facing. Anterior (An) and posterior (Po) are identified on Fig 2. Specimens have been deposited at the Queens- land Museum (QM), Australian Museum (AM) and Museum of Victoria (NMY). Voucher sam- ples have been donated to the San Diego Natural 2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM History Museum, PMS= plumose marginal setae; BL= body length. TAXONOMY GENERAL REMARKS Brtice (1986a: 223) listed a number of cirolanid species as incertae sedis, all but one being re- tained in Cirolana. Since that time only one, Protegnathia bathypelagica (Schultz, 1977) has been relocated (Wagele & Brandt, 1988), Two of the species described by Bruce (1986a), Cirolana schiodtei Miers and Cirolana sp., were regarded. as not conforming to the concept and diagnosis of Cfrolana, but establishment of new monotypic genera was regarded as premature. Bruce (1991) later described a species that was obviously yery similar to Cirolana sp. of Bruce (1986a) with the same set of characters that precluded assignment lo Cirolana_ Thai species was placed in Cirelana, also with the cayeat of incerta sedis. The discoy- ery of the species described here now provides a solid foundation to establish new genera for these species, In so doing, the generic concept of Ciro- lana can also be refined, lt can now be stated that in Cirolana (sensu stvicto) the anterior margin of the cephalon is with a rostral point or smoothly rounded (never medially indented); pleonite 3 does not encompass pleonites 4 and 5, though pleonite 3 is often postenorly produced; pleonite 3 (in all Australian species) is narrowly rounded or acute, pereopods 5-7 are without Jorig setae or long spines, and are robust (i.e. have few short spines, and no flattened articles}. Aatolana gen.nov. Body without tubercles or dorsal sculpture. Cephalon without rostral point, anterior margin medially indented. Eyes large, about 3 times as long as wide. Pereonite | about twice as long as. pereonite 2. Pleon with 5 visible segments; pleonite 3 with epimera expanded, posteriorly acute, extending to or beyond pleonite 5. Picotel- son with stout spines and PMS, Antennule peduncle articles of about equal Jength; article 2 shortest. Antennal peduncle with articles J-3 short, 4.and § longest. Frontal lamina slightly longer than wide; anterior margin curved, visible in dorsal view, with dorsally deflected apical point, Mandible with spine row and molar process well developed; lacinia mobilis absent; incisors agsymetrical, right with 3 prominent cusps, left with middle cusp reduced. Maxillule with stout spines on lateral lobe; 3 robust cireum- plumose spines on medial Jobe, Maxilla with all lobes well developed. Maxilliped palp with lat- eral and medial margin setose; endite with 2 coupling hooks. Pereopods 1-3 with anterodistal margins of is- chium and carpus not produced; posterior margin without elongate spines. Pereopods S-7 subsimi- lar. Pereopod 7 with all articles robust, not flat- tened or natatory; basis with row of setae on posterior murgin and lateral carima, Pereopod dac- tylus without distinct secondary unguis. Penes present on stemite 7, Nattened_ rectilinear, about Iwice as long as wide. Pleopod 1 exopod lateral margin convex, apex narrow, Pleopods 1-3 with both rami with PMS; pleopods 3 and 4 endopods with reduced PMS; endopad of pleopod 5 without PMS. Peduncles of pleppods 1-5 with lateral margin forming, com- plex refolded lobe. Pleopod 2 appendix mascu- lina basally attached, elongate, longer than endopod. Pleopod 1-4 exopods with slender ac- cessory lamella al posterior proximolateral angle. Uropods with stout spines; mediodistal angle of peduncle produced, Female: Maxilliped with lamina yibrans in ovigerous specimens. Brood pouch composed of oostegites arising from coxae 1-5. Pleopods 2-5 with accessory lamellae more prominent than in male. TYPE SPECIES Aatolana rapax sp.nov... bere designated. ETYMOLOGY Fran the Greek Aafos (insatiable, referting to the ability of this species to deyour fish carcasses) combined wath -/ana. Gender is feminine. REMARKS Characters by which this genus can be identi- fied are the unique apomorphies of the pleopod peduncle lobes and the frontal lamina structure, and also the prominent and posteriorly acute epi- mera on pleonite 3. Other characters which also identify the genus, though not unique, are the medially indented anterior margin of the cepha- lon, the shape of pleopod | exopod, and the prominent flatlened penes. The medially indented anterior margin of the cephalon is a subtle char- FIG. |. Aarolana rapax sp nov. A-F holotype, remainder & paratype 32.3mm. A, dorsal view, B, lateral view; C, trons; D, cephalon, dorsal view: E, pleonites, lateral view; F, telson apex; G, antennule; H, antenna peduncle; I, right mandible; J, left mandible incisor, K, maxillule; L, maxilla, Scale represents 4.0mm. NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS 5 acter, but is none the less clearly expressed by those genera that show it. The genus Cirolana has no species with me- dially indented cephalon, flattened rectilinear penes, lobate pleopod peduncles or large epimera on pleonite 3. Additionally Cirolana species all have a prominent secondary unguis on the pere- opod dactylus and more plumose marginal setae on the endopods of pleopods 3 and 4. OTHER SPECIES Aatolana schioedtei (Miers, 1884) comb.nov. Tropical Australia, from Rottnest Island, Western Australia to Hayman Island (Bruce, 1986a). AFFINITIES Aatolana is similar only to Booralana Bruce, 1986. Both genera share similar- shaped pleopod rami, have similar elongate eyes, prominent flat- tened penes, medially indented cephalon and prominent epimera on pleonite 3. The frontal lamina structure of the two genera differ, and in Booralana pleonite 2 has well developed epi- mera, pleonites 2 and 3 both having a ventral flange. Additionally in Booralana the pleotelson and uropods are without spines. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AATOLANA 1. Pleonite 4 posterolateral margin rounded; uropod endopod lateral margin straight; pleotelson dorsal surface never setose Pleonite 4 posterolateral margin acute; uropod endopod lateral margin sinuate; pleotelson dorsal surface of large males setose SasQohe BE swore tec ead che A. schioedtei Aatolana rapax sp.nov. (Figs 1-3) MATERIAL EXAMINED HOLOTYPE: 6(28.7mm), outer reef slope, 5°8.4’S, 145°49.0°E, 3 May 1989, 200-150m depth, baited trap, coll. N.L. Bruce & M. Jebb (QM W17467). PARATYPES: 96 d(20.0-32.2mm, m=28.3), 4 ovig 2 2(29-33mm, mean 30.5), 6 non ovig 2 9 (21-31mm, mean 24.7); 2 mancas (7.0, 7.7mm), subsampled from c.200 specimens, data as for holotype (QM W17468). OTHER MATERIAL: 200 specimens, topotypic series, same station as holotype, (QM W17471, NMV J27477, San Diego Natural History Museum). 4d d, 3822 , as for holotype, but 28 Apr 1989, 450m (QM W17469). 200+ specimens, as for holotype, but 29 Apr 1989, 300m (QM W17470). 93 specimens (mostly immature) outer barrier reef, between Rasch Pass and Wongat Is., 5°8.7’S, 145°49.7°E, 26-27 Jan 1990, 240m depth, coll. J.K. Lowry, J. Mizeu, J.D. Thomas (AM P40160). DESCRIPTION Body about 2.6 times as long as wide; pereonite 1>2=3<4=5<6>7. Pleonite | largely concealed by pereonite 7, epimera of pleonite 3 with posterior margin acute, with 3 longitudinal carina, medial one of which is provided with long setae; poste- rior margins of pleonite 4 epimera rounded, with very weak longitudinal carina. Pleotelson with lateral margins convex, converging to acute apex either side of which are 6 stout spines set amongst single row of PMS; spines restricted to distal third of pleotelson; proximal half (0.48) of lateral mar- gin without PMS. Cephalon with anterior submarginal furrow, dorsal interocular furrow running along top of eyes, but not extending beyond eyes. Antennule peduncle article 1 longest, 2 shortest; 4th short terminal article present; flagellum composed of about 32 articles, 1.5 times as long as peduncle, extending to anterior of pereonite 1. Antenna flagellum with about 60 articles, extending to anterior of pereonite 6. Frontal lamina as for genus. Mandible spine row with 19 spines; molar process with 27 spines interspersed with stout serrate setae; palp article 2 longest, with dense setose fringe on outer distal margin; article 3 lateral margin with continuous setae. Maxilla with 10 and 13 setae on lateral and middle lobes respectively; medial lobe with 1 large and 4 smaller circumplumose setae; anterior to these are two ranks of setae, posterior rank of 13 simple setae, anterior rank of 8, distal 5 of which are long. Maxilliped palp with simple setae on lateral mar- gins of articles 3-5, PMS on article 2; articles 2-5 with about 15, 35, 20 and 11 lateral setae respec- tively; medial margins of articles 2-5 with about 19, 20, 12 and 12 setae respectively; article 5 with some serrate setae; endite with 6 long plumose setae. FIG, 2. Aatolana rapax sp.nov. All figs ofd paratype 32.2mm, except N. A, maxilliped; B, distal margin, maxilliped palp article 5; C, distal margin, antennule peduncle; D, antennal flagellum, articles 23-27; E, maxilliped endite; F, pereopod 1; G, pereopod 2; H, pereopod 7; I-L, pleopods 1,3,2,5 respectively; M, pleopod 2 peduncle lateral margin; N, apex of appendix masculina,d31.5mm (An = anterior margin, Po = posterior margin). MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIG, 3. Aatolana rapax sp.nov. A, D, E, ovig. 2 paratype 29.4mm. A, maxilliped, showing lobes; D, oostegite 1; E, oostegite 5; B, uropod, d paratype 32.2mm; C, ventrolateral angle, uropod peduncle, d 32.2mm:; F, penes, in situ, holotype. Pereopod 1 basis with 5 setae at posterodistal angle; ischium with 6 setae at anterodistal angle; merus with 9 tubercular spines on posterior mar- gin, 5 short simple setae at anterodistal angle; carpus with single spine on posterior margin; propodus with 3 spines on palm, 4th larger spine opposite base of dactylus. Pereopod 2 longer than 1; ischium with 6 long spines anterodistal angle, 2 robust spines posterodistal angle; merus with indented posterior margin, proximal portion with 6 stout spines, anterior portion with 2 large stout and | acute spine and 6 stout spines at anterodistal angle; carpus with 4 spines at anterodistal angle; propodus with 3 small spines, 4 spine at an- terodistal angle; propodus with 3 small spines, 4th spine opposite base of dactylus. Pereopod 7 basis with fringe of setae on anterior margin and median carina; posterior margin of ischium with 3 clusters of short setae, 4 large spines at pos- terodistal angle; merus and carpus with cluster of spines on posterior margin and posterodistal an- gle; ischium-carpus with clusters of spines at anterodistal angles only; propodus with 3 pairs of spines on posterior margin. FIG. 4, Plakolana accala sp.nov. A-E, holotype, d remainder paratype 9.3mm. A, dorsal view; B, frons; C, lateral view; D, cephalon; E, pleonites, lateral view; F, antennule; G, distal margin, antennule peduncle; H, antennal peduncle; I, antenna, flagellum articles 9 and 10; J, antenna, flagellum terminal articles; K, right mandible; L, left mandible, incisor and spine row; M, maxillule; N, maxilla, O, maxilliped. Scale represents 2.0mm. NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS Cass aN & A atte de ee e> 8 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIG. 5. Plakolana accola sp.nov. All figs of d paratype 9.3mm. A, pereopod 1; B, dactylus, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, pereopod 7; E, spines from posterodistal angle of merus. NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS 9 Pleopods as for genus, Appendix masculina with apex bent medially. Urapod exopod dis- tinctly shorter than endopod, apex sub-bifid, lat- eral process prominent; lateral margin with 8-10 spines, medial with 5 spines set amongst PMS. Endopod lateral margin straight, with 5 spines, PMS for about 0.75 distal margin; medial margin with § spines set armongst PMS; apex sub-bifid, small spine set medially to apex. Female. Similar to male but for: maxilliped with lamina vibrans (3 plates); pleopod endopod lobes slightly Jarger. Oostegites on coxae 1-5, largely overlapping; embryos retained With single lurge cavity formed by indentation of ventral body surface in body, Female of 29mm contained 28 ova, meusuring 2.5-2.8mm in diameter. Colour. Pale tan with abundant smal! reddish hrown chromatophores giving a rusted appear- ance in life; eyes black, Size. Males 19-32mm, non-ovigerous females 21-31mm, ovigerous females (4 specimens meas- ured) 29-32mm. Two maneas, with pereopod 7 nol present, measured 7.0 and 7.7mm. Variation. Males, females and maneas present uniform appearance, but many specimens had malformed uropods and pleotelson. The spine eounts presented here are based on 20 specimens, but damaged specimens have been omitted. Tel- son (n=17) with 6+6 spines (41.2%), 6+ 7 spines (29.4%) or 7 + 7 (29.4%), Exopod (n=38) lateral margm with 9 (47.4%), 8 (21.1%) or 10 (15.8%) spines; medial with 5 (94.7%) spines, Endopod (n=36) lateral margin with 5 (44.4%), 6 (41.79%) or 7 (5.6%) spines; medial margin with 5 (11.0%), 6 (63.9%) or 7 (27.8%) spines. REMARKS This species is readily identified and distin- guished from A. schivedtet by the pleotelson spines being restricted to the posterior third of the pleotelson, uropod lateral margins being straight not sinuate, posterior margin of pleonite 4 being rounded not acute and in lacking an entire dorsal interocular furrow, Adrolana rapax never has the dorsal surface of the pleotelson setose. which necurs in large males of A. sehioedrei. Plakolana pen.nov- Body smooth, unornamented, Cephalon ante- nor margin medially indented, without rostral point. Pereonite ] about twice as long as 2; pleonite 1 partly or wholly concealed by pereonite 7, Pleanite 3 with epimera prominent, with postero ventral incision; longitudinal carina with row of setae; extends posterior to pleonites 4and 5, Telson with prominent spines and PMS. Antennule peduncle articles | and 2 subequal in length, article 3 slightly longer than combined lengths of articles 1 and 2. Antenna with articles 1-3 short, 4 and $ long, with article § longest. Frontal lamina slender, elongate, about 5 times Jonger than basal width. Mandibles with prominent spine row and molar process, Maxillule lateral lobe with stout spines on gnathal surface, medial Jobe with 3 stout circumplumose spines. Maoalla with all lobes well developed. Maxilliped palp articles 2-5 with both margins setose, endite with 2 coupling hooks and prominent plumose sctae: Pereopods 1-3 with long spines al anterodistal angles of ischium and merus; pereopods 4-7 with ischium, merus and carpus, expanded, markedly flattened, abundantly provided with long spines, and long simple setae on anterior margin of basis, and posterior margins ischium and mems. All pereopods with slender sccondary unguis on dac- tylus. Penes opening flush (or nearly so) to ventral surface of stermite 7. Pleopod | peduncle quadrate, slightly longer (1-2) than wide: pleopod 2 appendix masculina attached basally. PMS presenton all rami except the endopad of pleopod 5. Uropod peduncle with prominent row of simple setae along lateral margin. Female Maxilliped with lamina vibrans, in ovigerous specimens. Broad pouch composed of oostegites arising from coxae 1-5, TYPE SPECIES Plakolana qecola sp.nov., here designated, ETYMOLOGY From the Greek Plakey Canything flat and wide") combined with -/ane, Gender is feminine, REMARKS The genus is charactenzed by having flattened and densely. spined and setose posterior pereopods, slender secondary unguis on the dactylus, the unique shape of pleonite 3 (with an acute posterior point and venirolateral incision), the elongate fron- tal lamina and the quadrate peduncle of pleopod 1. The flattened basis pereopaods 4-7 with a row of simple setae along the antenor margin, is the anly character that can be recognized as a potential unique apomorphy. Nonetheless the combination of characters detimits the genus. Species of Cirolana never have flattened pas- terior percopods, nar pereopads with abundant setae or elongate spines, and the peduncle of pleopod | is about twice as wide as long; in 10 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM ame 4 | - _ FIG, 6. Plakolana accola sp.noy. G, 1, J, 2? paratype 10.5mm, remainder 3 paratype 9.3mm. A-E, pleopods 1-5 respectively; F, uropod; G, maxilliped, showing lobes; H, pleotelson apex; I, oostegite 1; J, oostegite 5. NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS 2 Cirolana the cephalon has a rostral point or smoothly rounded, but never medially indented. Those species that do show some of these charac- ter (see below) are in need of redescription and their generic placement reassessed. DISTRIBUTION The genus 1s currently Known from the western South Pacific. OTHER SPECIES Plakolana binyang (Bruce, 1991). comb.noy. Southeastem Australia, Plakolana nagadea sp.nov. Madang, Papua New Guinea. Plakolana sp, (as Cirolana sp. Bruce, 1986). Rastern Australia. Known froma single immature specimen. It is possible that Ciralana bougartii Kensley, 1984 belongs in Plakolana because the morphol- ogy of the antennule, frontal lamina, pereopods and pleopods all agree with the generic diagnosis. Characters that differ include the anterior margin of the cephalon being apparently smoothly rounded (possibly due to the perspective of the figure), pleonite 1 is largely visible. and the pleotelson and uropods are not described as hay- ing spines. This species needs further examina- tion to assess it§ correct generic placement. Similarly Cirolana stebbingi Nierstrasz, 1931 shows a similar pleon, antennule, pereopod and pleopod morphology, and also needs to be de- seribed in detail before it can be assigned to the correct genus, AFFINITIES The pereopod morphology, smooth body sur- face, elongate pleoped 1 peduncle, and frontal lamina shape suggest that this genus is closest to Palitalana Bruce, 1981. Politalana however dif- fers in having the anterodistal margin of the is- chium and merus of pereopod | strongly produced, in having the basis anterior margin without setae and furthermore lacks the long spines of Plakolana. The appendix masculina is sword shaped and sub-basally attached. In Poli- tolana the antennal morphology, with peduncle articles 1 and 2 short, 3-5 long, is more similar to that of Natatolane than 10 Plakolana which has antennal peduncle articles 1-3 short, 4 and 5 long. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PLAKOLANA | Frontal lamina widest anteriorly; uropod en- dopod spines Jong (15-35% length of en- dopod); uropod endopod distally narrowed, medial margin approximately straight... . . _¥ Frontal lamima with straight lateral margins; uropod endopod spines short (less than 1295 length of endopod); uropod endopad dis- tally wide, medial margin smuate.......... 3 2, Antenna flagellum extending to pereonite 4 or 5; uropod endopod medial margin with 7 spines, distalmost spine about equal in Jength tn adjacent spinc...- 22... P. accala Antenna flagellum extending to perconite 2 ur 3; uropod endopod medial margin with 5 Spines, distal most of which is twice as long as adjacent spine ......0. 2.2... P, nagade 3.Cephalon with complete dorsal interocular fur- row; frontal lamina anteriorly rounded: pleotclson with 7* spines... . Flakolana sp. Cephalon dorsal interocular furrow incom- plete; frontal lamina distally acute; pleotel- son with 4 spines ...,........,. PF. binyana *Plakalana sp. Was described from a juvenile (Bruce, 1986: 143, fig, 96). In cirolamids pleotelsun spines are nearly always paired, in which case the ‘normal’ spination for this species would be 6 or &. Plakolana accola sp.nov. (Figs 4-6) MATERIAL EXAMINED HoLoryrr: d (9.5mm), off outer reef slope, south of Wongat Is., 5°08.4°S, 145°S1.0"E, 29 Apr 1989, 300m depth, coll. N.L. Bruce & M. Jebb (QM W17993). ParRatTyres: 4d d (9.3 dissected, 9.0, 7.8, 7.0mm), 9 2 2(10.5mm ovig, 10.5, 8.0, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, 6.5, 6.0mm), 3 imm (5.5, 5.0, 5.0mm), same data as holo- type (QM W 17994-17996), 2d d(7.5, 6.8mm), 2 (7.0 non-ovig), as for holotype but 29 Apr 1989, 450m depth (NMY J27475).94 ¢ 59 2? ,&mancas, off outer reef slope between Rasch Pass and Wongat Is, 5°8.7'S, 145°49.7"E, 26-27 Jan 1990; 440m depth, coll J.K. Lowry, J. Mizeu, and J.D. Thomas (AM P4016]; 12, 12 San Diego Museum). DESCRIPTION Body about 2.7 times as long as wide. Cephalon with anterior submarginal furrow, dorsal intero- cular furrow absent. Pereonite [>2=3<4<5=6>7, Coxae of only pereonites 7 clearly visible im dorsal view. Pleon short, ca. 10% of BL, all of pleonite 1 and most of pleonite 2 concealed by pereonite 7. Pleotelson about as long as wide, lateral margin convex, converging smoothly to subacule apex; postenor margin with 6 acure spines and PMS, MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM f, é ti, , See | Bip if i i= ew BV Se RSS NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS 13 Antennule peduncle article 3 longer than lengths of article | and 2 combined; flagellum composed of 1] articles, article 1 longest, and extending to anterior of pereonite |. Antenna with flagellum of 32 articles, extending to anterior of pereonite 5, Frontal lamina anteriorly widest, wilh antenor margin rounded; about 2.5 times as long as maximum width. Mandibles with 8 (right) or J1 (eft) spines on spine row; molar process with about 28 teeth; palp article 2 with about 11 simple and 4 serrate spines; article 3 with 20 spines. Maxilla with 11 spines on gnathal surface Setac on Jateral and middle lobes respectively; inedial lobe with 7 plumose setae (proximal) and 5 simple seta. Maxilliped with simple setae on lateral shorter, those of article 5 serrate and sim- ple; endite with 5 long circumplumase setac. Pereopod 1 with 4 setae at posterodistal angle of basis; 3 terminally plumose setae on anterodis- tal margin, ischium posterior margin with 2 small spines, anterodistal angle with 3 long setae; mers with 7 blunt tubercular spines and 2 acute spines oo posierior margin, anterodistal angle with 3 sctac, Carpus posterior margin wilh 2 spines and single seta; propodus with 3 spines on palm, 41h lunze spine Gpposing base of dactylus; dactylus without distinct secondary unguis, Pereopod 2 wilh long spines al anterodistal angles of ischium and merus;ischium posterior margin with 2 setae and | acule spine, distally with 2 blunt spines; Merus posterior margin with | long seta and | sloul spine; carpus with 4 spmes, | long, and 2 setae; propodus with | spine on palm, J opposing dactylus. Pereopod 7 basis with margins convex, posterior margin with about 28 feebly PMS; is- chium carpus with large clusters of long spines and simple setae at distal margins; posterior miar- gin ischium and merus with 2 and | cluster of spines, merus with long setae; propodus with 3 groups of paired spines and a single spine proxi- mally; anterodistal angle with long selae, Pleopod 3-5 exopods with partial suture only. Uropod peduncle with prominent row of setae on lateral margin; with single lateral spine and 2 spines at distoventral angle: exopod Jateral mar- gin with 5 prominent and 1 small subapical spine, medial margin with 4 spines, distal spine not much larger than adjacent spine; endopod lateral margin weakly sinuate, with 3 prominent spines, longest 18% length of lateral margin, and 1 small subapical spine, medial margin with 7 spines, distal spine not much larger than adjacent spine. All margins with PMS, except proximal half (0.45) of endopod lateral margin withaut setae. Female: Similar ta male; oostegites on coxac 1-5; maxilliped with lamina vibrans (3 plates). Females with embryos not observed. Colour, White to translucentin life and alcohol; chromatophores absent. Eyes pale, reddish brown to yellow, Size. Males 7.0-9.5 (mean= 8.1, n=7), females 6.0-10.5 (mean = 7,8, 1=10), mancas up to 5.5mm. Variation. Pleotelson and uropod spine counts were near constant. Exopod (7=23) lateral margin with 5 prominent spines (95.6%), medial margin with 4 spines (64.7%) or 5 (29.4%), Endopod (n=23) lateral margin with 3 praminent spines (100%), medial margin with 6 (8.7%). 7 (86.9%) or 8 (4.3%). REMARKS Plakolana aceola can be distinguished fram others of the genus by the short pleon which has segment | and most of 2 cancealed by pereonite 7. P. binyana from southern Australia has the frontal Jamina with a narrow antenor margin and broader uropods which have far shorter spines. P. nagada, which oceurs yn shallow water within the barrier reef system at Madang, ts readily distin- guished by a louger pleon, longer spines on the uropods, and by having the distalmosi spine on the medial margin of each uropod ramus far longer than the adjacent spine. DISTRIBUTION Outer reef slope at Madang, between 300 and 450m depth. ETYMOLOGY Accola is a Latin ward meaning neighbour. Plakalana nagada sp.nov. (Figs 7, 8) MATERIAL EXAMINED HoLoryre: 3 (6. 9mm). eastof CRI jetty. Nagada Har- hour, 5°U9.6'S, 145°44.7°E, 2 Feb 1990, 16m depth, softmud bottom, coll, J.K. Lowry and JK, Elliot (AM P4015). PaRATYPES: 3 (7.8mm, dissected), 529 (8.0 dis- sected, 7.5, 7.3, 7.2, 7.2mm), imm (4.9mm), same data as holotype (AM P40172). & (7.1mm, vig), south of FIG, 7, Plakolana nagada sp.nov, A-C, holotype, remainder d paratype 7.8mm, A, lateral view, B, cephalon, C, frons: D, pereopod 1; E, pereopod 2; F, pereupod 7; G, uropod: H, spine, ilistal margin of merus; [, short spine, anterodistal angle of carpus. Scale represents = 1.0nim. 14 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIG. 8. Plakolana nagada sp.noy. All figs of d paratype 7.8mm. A, pleopod 1; B, pleopod 2; C, pleotelson apex. Tripod Reef, 5°09,7'S, 145°5].3'E, 30 Apr 1989, 22m depth, on sand, coll. N.L. Bruce (QM W18001). DESCRIPTION Pleon about 12.5% BL, pleonite 2 largely vis- ible. Pleotelson with 6 spines. Antenna flagellum extending to posterior of pereonite 3, Pereopod | merus posterior margin with 6 blunt spines and 2 short acute spines. Pereopod 2 merus posterior margin with 1 long seta and 8 stout spines. Pereopod 7 merus with 3 clusters of setae on anterior margin; posterior margin with 2 ranks of simple setae. Uropod exopod lateral margin with 5 promi- nent and | small subapical spine; medial margin with 4 spines, proximal two longest, distal spine distinctly longer than adjacent spine. Endopod lateral margin with 3 prominent and 1 small subapical spine; 2 longest spines are 32 and 35% length of lateral margin; medial margin with 5 spines, distalmost spine about twice as long as adjacent spine. Colour. Pale brown in alcohol; eyes pale brown. Size, Adults 6.9- 8.0mm. Variation. Pleotelson and uropod spine counts are near constant. Exopod lateral margin with 5 large and | small (100%); medial margin with 4 spines, 3 once. Endopod lateral margin 3 large spines and 1 small (86.6%) or with 2 large spines (13%); lateral margin with 5 (54.5%) or 6 (45.5%) spines (n=15 for all percentages). Pleotelson posterior margin with 6 (62.5%) or 5 (37.5%) spines (n=8). REMARKS Plakolana nagada is very similar to P. accala, but differs both in habitat (inshore, shallow sedi- mentary bottom compared to deeper reef slope) and numerous morphological features. P. nagada in the first instance has much longer pereopod and uropod spines, and also has more of the pleon visible. Specifically the two species can be separated by P. nagada having most of pleonite 2 visible, 5 spines on endopod medial margin (vs 7), the terminal spines on the endopod and exopod medial margins being far longer than the adjacent spine, and the spines on the lateral margin of the endopod being much longer (32- 35% ramus length vs 18% in P, accola). DISTRIBUTION Shallow muddy and sand bottoms within the barrier reef at Madang; recorded depths 16 and 22m. ETYMOLOGY The epithet is taken from the type locality, and treated as a noun in apposition. NEW GENERA OF MARINE ISOPODS 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This contribution was made possible by a Christensen Research Institute Fellowship, for which I thank the Christensen Fund. I also thank Dr Matthew Jebb for his considerable field assis- tance. LITERATURE CITED BRUCE, N.L. 1982. Records of isopod Crustacea (Co- rallanidae, Cirolanidae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology 2: 612-618. 1986a. Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Austra- lia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supple- ment 6: 1-239. 1986b. Revision of the isopod genus Mothocya Costa, in Hope, 1851 (Cymothoidae: Flabellif- era), parasitic on marine fishes. Journal of Natu- ral History 20: 1089-1192. 1991. New records of marine isopod crustaceans (Sphaeromatidae, Cirolanidae) from south-east- ern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victo- ria 52: 263-275. BRUCE, N.L. & HARRISON-NELSON, E. 1988. New records of fish parasitic marine isopod crus- taceans (Cymothoidae, subfamily Anilocrinae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 585-602. JONES, D.A., ICELEY, J.D. & CRAGG, S.M. 1983. Some corallanid isopods associated with wood from Papua New Guinea, including three new species (Isopoda: Corallanidae). Journal of Natu- ral History 17: 837-847. KENSLEY, B. 1984. The South African Museum’s Meiring Naude cruises. Part 15. Marine Isopoda of the 1977, 1978, 1979 Cruises. Annals of the South African Museum 93: 213-301. 1988. Preliminary observation on the isopod crusta- cean fauna of Aldabra Atoll. Biological Society of Washington, Bulletin 8: 40-44, KENSLEY, B. & SCHOTTE, M. 1989. ‘Guide to the marine isopod crustaceans of the Caribbean’. (Smithsonian Institution: Washington D.C.). 308pp.. MIERS, E.J. 1884. Crustacea. In, ‘Report of the zoo- logical collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of HMS “Alert”, 1881- 1882’. Isopoda: pp. 299-311. British Museum (Natural History): London. NIERSTRASZ, H.F. 1931. Die Isopoden der Siboga- Expedition. 3. Isopoda Genuina. 2. Flabellifera. Siboga-Expeditie Monographs 32c: 123-233. SCHULTZ, G.A. 1977. Bathypelagic isopod Crus- tacea from Antarctic and southern seas. Antarctic Research Series 23: 69-128. WAGELE, J.-W. & BRANDT, A. 1988. Protognathia n.gen. bathypelagica (Schultz, 1977) redis- covered in the Weddell Sea: A missing link be- tween the Gnathiidea and the Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda). Polar Biology 8: 359-365. WILLIAMS, E.H. JR. & BUNKLEY-WILLIAMS, L. 1992. Renocila loriae and R. richardsonae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), external parasites of coral reef fishes from New Guinea and the Philippines. Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington 105: 229-309. 16 MEMOIRS. OP THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM FIRST RECORD OF CTENOPHORE CUELOPLANA (RENTHOPLANA) METEORIS (THIEL, 196%) FROM AUSTRALIA, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33( 1): if, 1993:- There are only two records of benthic ctenophores (Clenophora: Platyctenida) from Australian waters: Ceeloplana sp. and C.cf willeyi Abbott, 1907 (Stephenson er a] 193); Smith & Plant, 1976), | record here a third species, Coeloplona (Benthoplana) metearis (Thiel, 968), previously known from Somiuliz, east Africa (08°26,2'N_ 50°20.2'B) (Thiel, 1968) and NW Madagascar (13°24'40-13°35'15"S, 47°48'S0-48°} 9° 1D"E) (Fricke & Plante, 1971). The specimens Were collected while diving at 12-13 depil: in Pioncet Bay, Orphens Island, NEQ (18"3ti' $_146°29'R). Two specimens Were preserved (Queensland Museum G3I588e). The following description is based primarily on living animals jn Which taxonomic features are clearest. The animals were living free on terrigenous muddy-sand, They had 4 characteristic body profile with erect tentaculir horns (see Thiel, 1968, figs 1,2; Fricke & Plante, 1971, pl.t). The aboral stirface was. covered by a yellowish-white reticu- late pattern, Fine red pigment occurred on the dboral surface above the meridional canals, around the tentacle sheaths and marginal ampoules, One live specimen, when expanded on glass, measured 36 3]mm The preserved specimens meas- ure 810 and 10 16mm, The apiew! organ Had four polar helds, which were multiply branched (wee Fricke & Plante, 1971, fig, 3), The fields did nob-contract, however, as observed. by those aathors. Tentacles were typical with a primary axis and tentilla. They extended trom beneath the tip of the tentacular harm, i ¢., the opening of the tentacle sheath was oral, The preserved speciinens are folded along the tntacular axis, a faint crease ruins along the oral surtace from the mouth to the base of the fentacular horns, but no oral groaye ar oral lappets were seen, The following description of the gastrovasenlar systen uses the terms of Thiel (1968). Radial canals gave rise on either side to. 2 pairs of adradial canals that led directly to the imendional canals. There were 3-4 igitate to irifid vboral papillae over gach of the meridional canals. A pairof subpar- allel tentacular canaly ran on either side of the tentacle sheath, urising beyond the clistal adradial canals. The peripheral gus: trovascular system branched dichotomously ty form a com- plex network, best developed on the oral surface, Cydippid larvae were found next tothe mentional camus (the specimens were collected in January). Peripheral sacswere each connected by a transparent tube loa murginal pore. These seen to be testicular ampoules (see Fricke de Plante, 1971). Body profile. marginal position of tentacle sheath openings and variable aboral papillae are consistent with Valheula Rankin, 1956 und some species af Covlopluna Kowalevsky, 1880 as detined by Fricke (1970), Harbison & Madin (1982) and Rankin (1956). However, I did not see the ora) lappets, oral groove, spherical vesicle of the gastrovascular syste or additional cross-piece of the tentacular sheath that eharac- terize Vallicala- OF the 21 nomimal species of Coeluplana (Pricke, 1970), three have a gostrovascular system similar io chat in py specimens: C. perrieri Dawydoll, 1938, C_mesaili Dawydolt. 1938 apd Co ometearts Thiel, 1968 (Thiel, L9G: Fricke & Plante, 1971), All were reported as freetiying (C, mesuily in the plankton, C. perriert on rocks and sedgrass, C. vieteariy On soft-sediment), The present specimens differ trom C. mes: aii and C. perriert: (Dawydolf; 1938a,b) i body profile, position of openings of the tentacle sheath and testes, colour pattern, structure of the apical organ and aboral papillae. They eontorm well with C, meleoris in (1) the free-living habit on soft-sediment, (2) high body profile with tentacular borns, (3) oral openings of the tentacle sheath, (4) distinctive apical organ with four polar fields, (5) tentacular canals bifurcating beyond the distal adradia] canals, (6) colour pattern, (7) com- plex aboral papillae, and (8) marginal position of ampoules forherwise known only fray Crenpplana (Diplactena) neritiea Fricke & Plante 1971). This combinavon of features was so distinctive that Fnvke & Planie (1971) created a new subgenus, Bentheplana, tor C, meteacis- This record eansiderably extends the range of C. mefearis, Fricke & Plante (1971) showed it can be abundant (up to b4/m), The paucity of published records probably reflects the lack af diréct observations in soft-sediment habitat. Specimens were collected during a study on sofl-sediment epibeathos with Dr R.A, Binles (lames Cook Universily), funded by an Australian Marine Sciences and Techology grant. i thank Drs A, Birtles and C_ Wallace for their com- menls. Literature cited Dawydolf, C. 19384, Deux Coelophinides remarquables des eas Indochinuises. Comptes rendus hebdonmadiaires des seanves de | Academie dex sciences. Pars 206; 1143- 1145, 1938b. Les Cocloplanides indochinoises, Archives de 2aols- gie experimentule et genérale 80): 125-162, pid. Fricke, H.W. 1970. Neve kriechende Clenophoren der Gat- tung Coeloplana aus Madagaskar. Marine Biology, Ber tin 5: 225-238. Fricke, HW. & Plane, R, 1971. Contribution a Vétode des ctenophorés Platyctenides de Madagiusear: Clenoplana (Diplectena b.s.gen.) neritica psp, et Coeloplana (Ben- thoplana ws.gen) mefeariy (Thiel, 1968). Cahiers de Biologie marine 12: 57-75 Harhison, G-R. & Mudin, L. 1982. Ctenophora, Pp.707-7 15, pl.68-69, fn Parker, 8. (ed.), “Synopsis and classification of living organisms”, (McGraw-Hill: New York). Runkin, 14. 1956. The structure and bivlogy of Vallicula muliiformis, gen, et sp. now., # platyetenid clenophore Journa) of the Linnavan Society, Londun, Zoology 43: 55-71, pl. 2-3. Smith, BS. & Plant, RJ, 1976, A creeping clenophoran (Platyctenea: Ctenaphora) fram Victoria, Australia. Meinairs of the Nanonal Museum of Victoria 37; 43-46, Stephenson, ‘TA. Stephenson, A., Tandy, G. & Spender, M, 1931. The strocture and eealogy of Low Isles and other reels, Greal Barrier Reel Exped, Report 3; 17-112, 27pls, Thiel, H. 1968. Coeloplana inetearis nov. spec. (Ctenophora, Platyetenea). Beschreibung and systenvatische Stelung miteinem Vergleich der Gasirovascularsysteme in dieser Ordvong, “Metcor’ Furselungsergebnisse, Reihe D3): 1-13 Peter Arnold. Museun af Trapicul Queenstand, 7084 Flinders St. Townsville. Queensland 4810, Australia: 1S (etaber, (992 NEW TEMNOCEPHALANS (PLATYHELMINTHES): ECTOSYMBIONTS OF FRESHWATER CRABS AND SHRIMPS L.R.G. CANNON Cannon, L.R.G. 1993 06 30: New temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes): ectosymbionts of freshwater crabs and shrimps. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33(1): 17-40. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Six new species of Temnocephala are described from freshwater crabs and shrimps from Queensland, Temnohaswellia Pereira & Cuocolo, 1941 is re-erected for two new species with 6 tentacles and Achenella n. gen. is proposed for two new species of worms with only one pair of testes. This is the first time temnocephalans have been reported from crabs and shrimps in Australia. (] Temnocephala, Temnohaswellia, Achenella , ectosymbiont, crab, shrimp. Lester R.G. Cannon, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; 2 November, 1992. Temnocephalans are small ectosymbiotic flat- worms which are known from a variety of fresh- water invertebrates from mainly South America and Australia. Their taxonomic status has shown some variation (Williams, 1981), but they are generally considered to be close to the dalyellioid turbellarians. The Australasian region seems the centre of diversity (Cannon, 1991), but here the diversity of hosts recognised has been low, i.e., they have been reported almost exclusively from crayfish of the family Parastacidae. Crabs and shrimps have been reported as hosts in southern Asia and South America; however, this is the first such report from Australia. Crabs and shrimps were trapped or collected in dip nets from streams and ponds throughout east- ern Australia. Hosts were retained for short peri- ods until the hosts could be examined in the field or laboratory with a dissecting microscope and the worms removed into clean water. Worms were fixed when possible in 10% cold buffered formalin, AFA (alcohol, formalin and acetic acid), SUSA or Bouin’s fluid: some were ob- tained from hosts fixed in 70% alcohol or from hosts killed by near boiling water. Whole mounts were stained with Mayer’s haemalum or Harris’ haematoxylin and mounted in Canada balsam. Serial sections were obtained from worms em- bedded in 56°C Paraplast and cut at 5-7m and stained with Mayer’s haematoxylin and eosin, though occasionally Mallory’s trichrome was used. Descriptions were prepared with the aid of DELTA (Dallwitz & Paine, 1986). Over 130 characters were designated, though not all were applicable to all descriptions, e.g. egg capsule characters were not included if egg capsules were not found. With limited material of some species and variation in the quality of fixation dependent upon the immediacy of treatment some characters are included as ‘inconspicuous’, ‘(absent?)’ or simply qualified with ‘(?)’. All measurements were obtained with the aid of a camera lucida. Material is deposited in the collections of the Queensland Museum (QM) and wholemounts are designated (W) and serial sections (LS, TS or FS -longitudinal, transverse or facial sections: the number of slides in the series given in [ ]). Abbreviations used in figures: c cirrus, dg disc glands, e eye, es ejaculatory sac, ex excretory ampulla, g gut, ga genital atrium, gc genital cap- sule, gp gonopore, Hc Haswell’s cells, og ootype gland, ov ovary, ph pharynx, plg_postero-lateral glands, pr prostate, rg rhabdite glands, ro rosette organ, sg shell glands, sr seminal receptacle, sv seminal vesicle, t testis, v vagina, vit vitellaria, vitd vitelline duct, vr vesicula resorbens. TERMINOLOGY Hickman (1967) drew attention to the variety of names used for various parts of the reproduc- tive organs of temnocephalans. I happily accept the term vesicula resorbens (not resorbiens) for this structure described in detail by Haswell (1924), Earlier I have tried to provide a consensus regarding the terminology relating to all turbel- larians (Cannon, 1986). Within the male temno- cephalan I agree with Haswell (1893) and Baer (1953) that the swollen part of the system storing sperm prior to release is appropriately called the seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct leaves the seminal vesicle distally and enters the (usually muscular) base of the intromittent organ. Haswell 18 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM (1893) called this muscular base the cirrus bulb, but since this is where the prostate glands join the ejaculatory duct and surround it ‘prostate bulb’ {or simply “prostate’) 1s the most appropriate functional term. The prostate is sometimes no wider than the sclerotic base of the male organ, but may be a much enlarged bulb. As Baer (1953) pointed out, Australian species of temnocephalans also have an additional sac, evidently absent from Soulh American species. This is variably developed: in some itis adiserete sac or vesicle opening, via a narrow duct, ini the prostate adjacent to the ejaculatory duct; in others it is merely a proximal extension from the pras- tate beyond the ejaculatory duct entrance, Haswell (1893) called this the ejaculatory sac, a term | accept, Hickman (1967) called it 4 prostate vesicle mistakenly attributing this term to Baer (1953) who called such a structure in Dicerato- cephala boschmai a prostate, but said ‘elle est sans doute homologue de la vesicle ejaculatrice des autres Temnocephales’. This sac is frequently empty or contains.Gnly a few sperm; jt does not contain prostatic secretion, The male iniromittent organ in most temnocepha- Jans consists ofa hard sclerotic tube the terminal part of Which has spines.or more often rows of spinelets Which are eversible. The terminal part may or may not be enlarged. Haswell (1893) called the organ a cirrus and the terminal part the introvert. Cirrus ts the appropriate term for a spiny eversible male organ. The basal rigid section could be considered u stylet, but is here called the shaft, and the term ‘cirrus’ of Haswell is accepted here, nor ‘penis’ as used by Hickman (1967). Finally, in many temnocephaluns there are dis- tinetly staining Cells anterior lo or adjacent to the brain, Haswell (1893) first referred to them as ‘problemiatic cells’. They have also been called ‘schokoladenbraune Driisen’ (see Cannon, 1991). Hickman (1967) figures and describes these eells which he says may be parancphro- cytes, though cautiously, as these latter are wan- dering cells: the cells m question are constant in position. There are olien (wo pairs and their po- sition near the brain suggests they may be neurosecretory. Until a function can be ascribed | propose to call them HasWell’s cells. Family TEMNOCEPHALIDAE Moniicelli, 1899 Temnocephala Blanchard, 1849 Generic diagnosis. Temnocephalidae with five anterior tentacles, a posterior adhesive dise and paired lateral testes. Temnocephala athertonensis n.sp- (Figs 1.1 la-c} MATERIAL EXAMINED Hovoryel:ex carapace of Holthuisana agassizi (Sun- dathelphusidae), Rocky Ck, nr Carbeen (17.1{.2°S, 145.26.8°E), 26 Sep. 1990, L. Cannon & K. Sewell, Hot water/APA/Hx GL14562 (W). PARATYPES; Sathe data as holotype, AFA/Hx GL14563-7 (W); Hot water/Bouin's/H&E GL14569 (LS[2]); Hot water/AFA/H&E GL14570 (LS[2]); Hot- water/Bouin's/Mallory’s GL14571 (LS[1]). OTHER MaTERIAL: same data as holotype, AFA/Hx GL14568 (W), Hot water/Bouin’s/Mallary’s GL14572 (LS[1]); Bouin's/H&E GL14573 (LS|2)): Hot water/AFA/H&cE GL,14574 (LS{2)); Bouin's/Mal- lory's GLI4575 (LS[1 })- DESCRIPTION External characteristics. Body about 1.2-2mm (mean=1,7mm) long, and about 0.5-).9mm (mean=(.7mm) wide; oval or elliptical, dorso- ventrally compressed, but without flanges, or not dorso- ventrally compressed, Pigment creates im- pression of grey, actually a well defined pattem: dorsally a tracery extends from the base of the tentacles posteriorly and laterally to near the body margins, bnt becomes less dense towards the posterior. The pigment extends through the body outlining nerve tracts and major structures, and some is seen ventrally especially anterior to the mouth. Posterior adhesive disc pedunculate: disc diameter 280nm at rim, dise peduncle about 14Sum in diameter, Epidermis syneitial with scattered nuclei, about 5-6,.m high dorsully and ventrally. Cilia entirely absent.. Alimentary system. Mouth mid-ventral in ante- rior quarter of body. Buccal cavity or prepharynx inconspicuous. Pharynx directed anierg-ven- trally, as wide as Jong, about 180p.m in diameter: strong, divided into anterior and posterior sphine- ter blocks by a region containing nucleated cells but few muscle fibres; lacking a non-cellular lip, with a conspicuous non-cellular lining (extending lo buccal region), muscles not forming an obvi- ous crenulate buccal mm. Pharynx sphincters slightly stronger posteriorly. Oesephagus incon- spicuous. Gut darkly coloured, longer than wide to as wide as long; with ill-defined septa. Gas- Irodermis about 90,.m high. Gut with diatoms. Excretary systein. Excretory pores lateral to mouth. Excretory ampulla a simple vacuole, thick TEMNOCEPHALANS ON FRESHWATER CRUSTACEA 19 FIG. 1. Temnocephala athertonensis n.sp. a, internal anatomy of whole animal; b, dorsal pigment pattern; c, ventral pigment pattern; d, pharynx; e, detail of genital capsule. Scales: a,b, 250j4m; c, not to scale; d,e, 100m. 20 MEMOIRS GF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM walled, about 75)1m in diameter. Major excretory ducts conspicuous posterior to ampullae, Nervous and sensory systems, Brain compact, transverse band. Major nerve trunks conspicuous in sections although pigment pattern outlines some, Eyes present, adjacent, with pigment mesh forming a single dark region, each about 40 25ym. Eye pigment granules irregular, mostly small (extremely fine), red-black, Glands. Rhabdite glands in lateral fields ante- rior to anterior testes, numerous, 10 or more each side; each about 30jum across, with inconspicu- ous rhabdite tracts. Rhabdites only accumulate on tentacles. Haswell’s cells conspicuous, six, a pair before brain, beside hrain and before excretory pores (but median and Jateral glands close to- gether), each of the larger anterior pair irregular and about 50j.m across, median pairs, smaller, about 30- 40j.m across. Oesophageal glands in- conspicuous (absent?), Oolype glands present (restricted to a small field), Shell glands present (a small group of eosinophilic glands posterior to gZonopore). Posteno-lateral glands present, but difficult to see in whole mounts. Dise glands prominent, a discrete cluster. Musvles. Longitudinal muscles of body wall of equal size or strength dorsally and ventrally. Cir- cular muscles of body wall similar dorsally and ventrally. Dorso-ventral muscles Weak. Attach- ment muscles of pharynx weak. Attachment mus- cles of adhesive dise moderately strong..Muscles controlling male organ sirang immediately about the cirrus. Reproductive system 2. Gonopore mid-ven- tral, in posterior quarter of body, Genital atrium commodious. Genital complex contained in a connective lissue capsule. Ovary about 70pm in diameter, Vesicula resorbens present, about &0- 100m across, 15j.m thick wall, with strong muscular duct or sphincter joining it to vagina, lying free of gut wall (in capsule), can open to gul. Seminal receptacles not present. Vagina strongly muscular, becoming less so proximally. Vitellaria dendritic, dorsal to ventral. Reproductive system 3. Testes elliptical: ante- Hor about 170% 230pm, lobulate, lateral to gut, posterior about 140 X 210j.m, lobulate, Jateral or posterior to got. Vasa deferentia narrow, entering seminal vesicle separately, Scminal vesicle about 100m in diameter. Ejaculatory sac present, with narrowed neck, Prostate bulb incorporated, (2. continuation of cirrus base. Cirrus shaft gently curved. Cirrus hardly tapering. 80j.m long, 35,4m wide al base, Cirrus introvert not swollen, about 15um or 1/6 length, only a weak collar of spin- elets. Cirrus spinelets minute, few rows, i.e. <20. ETYMOLOGY The specific name pertains to the locality. REMARKS These worms from small freshwater crabs. re- semble most closely T. minor Haswell, 1888, the only species described with a grey tracery of pigment. The present species is only half the size of TL miner and the eirus completely lacks the swollen introvert of that species. Furthermore, Haswell (1893) makes no mention of a capsule surrounding the genital organs, a charactenstic of the present species. The pharynx of the present species 1s. also distinctive, Posterio-lateral glands are present, but barely discernible, The only spe- cies described with such glands is T. ehaerepsis Hett, 1925 from the crayfish ‘Chaeraps preisst (an old name: several species are now recognised from WA) from the region of Mammoth Cave, WA. In that species, however, the glands are conspicuous, adjacent and, furthermore, the worms lack conspicuous pigment except for the eyes (Hett, 1925), Temmnocephala butlerae n.sp. (Figs 2,1 1c) MATERIAL EXAMINED HOLOTYPE: ex carapace Holiimisana lransversa (Sun- dathelphusidae), Bore drain, Augathella (25.48°8, 146.35°E), 20 Apr. 1987. S. Butler, AFA/Haemalum GL14558 (W). Pararyres: Same data as holotype, APA/Hx GL14559 (W); Bouin’ s/HaécE GLI4560 (LS]3]). OTHER MATERIAL’ same data as holotype. AFA/H&E GLI4561 (LS[1)). DESCRIPTION Eviernal characteristics. Body about: 1.5mm long, and about 0.66mm wide; oval or elliptical, dorso-yentrally compressed, but without flanges: Pigment a light tracery over most of dorsal sur- face, extends to ventral surface (below eyes ante- rior to mouth) Posterior adhesive disc pedunculate: dise diameter 300j:m at rim, dise peduncle |S0j.m in diameter. Epidermis synci- lial, about 444m high dorsally and ventrally. Cilia entirely absent. Alimentary system. Mouth mid-ventral in ante- riur quarter of body. Buccal cavity or prepharynx conspicuous, Pharynx directed antero-yentrally, as Wide as long, and about 160j4m in diameter: TEMNOCEPHALANS ON FRESHWATER CRUSTACEA 21 FIG. 2. Temnocephala butlerae n.sp. a, internal anatomy of whole animal; b, dorsal pigment pattern; c, pharynx; d, detail female reproductive system; e, detail male reproductive system; f, cirrus. Scales: a,b, 250j1m,; c-e, 100j.m; f, 50..m. 4 hm strong, divided inte anterior and posterior parts, containing nucleated cells. within muscle blocks (concentrated between first and second blocks); lacking a non-cellular lip, with a conspicuous non-cellular ining, muscles forming a crenulate buccal rim, Pharynx sphincters stronger posteri- orly, Oesophagus inconspicuous. Gut darkly col- oured, longer than wide. weakly septate. Gastrodermis about 20-40um high (numerous large cells filled with eosinophilic granules lie in gustrodermis). Exeretory system. Excretory pores postenor to mouth, Excretory ampulla asimple vacuole, thick walled (9- 10p.m), about 901m in diameter. Ma- jor excretory ducts inconspicuous. Nervous and sensory systems, Brain compact, transverse band (20j.m wide). Major nerve trunks inconspicuous. Eyes present, adjacent, with pig- ment mesh fonning a single dark region, each about 35.X 25m. Bye pigment granules irregu- lar, mostly small, red-black. Glands. Rhabdite glands in lateral fields ante~ rior to anterior testes (well formed, resembling a bunch of grapes), numerous, 10 or more each side; each about 30j0m in diameter, with promi- nent rhabdite tracts to tentacles. Rhabdites evi- dent in yentral epidermis (anteriorly, as well as on tentacles). Two Haswell’s cells outlined by pigment. Oesophageal glands prominent. Ootype glands present (not well developed). Shell glands present (eosinophylic, lying posterior — to gonopore). Postero-lateral glands present (well developed, but hard to see as they are refractory to haematoxylin and eosin stains). Disc glands present (Jong tracks spread from peduncle/poste- nor body to discharge over the dise surface). Muscles, Longitudinal muscles of body wall of equal size or strength dorsally and yentrally, Cir- culay muscles of body wall similar dorsally and ventrally, Dorse-ventral muscles, attachment muscles of pharynx, of adhesive disc and those controlling male organ all weak. Reproductive system 2. Gonopore mid-ven- tral, in posterior third of body. Genital atrium commodious (sphincter present and muscular festoons about the walls). Genital complex seat- tered, Ovary about 80* 50m. Vesicula resor- bens present, about LOOX 60pm, with 15pm thick wall, strong muscular duct or sphincter joim- Ing it lo vagina; lying free of gut wall, not open to gut. Seminal receptacles not present. Vagina short, inner region weakly muscular, opening di- rectly to atrium, Vitellaria dendritic, dorsal to ventral. Reproductive system ¢ . Vestes elliptical: ante- MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM rior about 270 * 200,.m, lobulate, lateral to gut; posterior) about 230% 210um, lobulate, poste- cior or postero-lateral to gut. Vasa deferentia swollen, entering seminal vesicle separately. Seminal vesicle 95 55j.m, with long reflexed ejaculatory duct from i to base of cirrus. Bjacu- latory sac present (long), with narrowed neck. Prostate bulb incorporated, ic, continuation of cirrus base. Cirrus shaft straight. Cirrus strongly tapering, about 70m long, about 544.m wide at base. Cirtus introvert not swollen, weakly scle- rotic, inner surface thrown in to fine ridges be- coming a few rows of spinclets ETYMOLOGY The specific name relers to the collector, Dr Shirley Butler. REMARKS As with 7. athertonensis there is a tracery of pigment over the dorsal surface which resembles only one previously described species, T. minor Haswell, 1888. The nature of the cirrus and the presence of the postero-lateral glands separates it clearly from 7. minor. Itis close to T. athertonen- sis, but differs in haying much finer pigment. a pharynx with a stronger central muscle region, a Jess muscular vagina, a small, broad cirrus, and most obyiausly in lacking the conspicuous cap- sule about the genital organs. Temnocephala improcera n.sp- (Figs 3,1 le) MATERIAL EXAMINED HoLoryve: ex Caritina indistineta (Atyidue), Murray R.. we Karama (18.01°S, 145.53°E), 26 Jul. 1984, L. Winsor, Form /H&E GL14576 (LS[2]), PARATYPES: Same dati as holotype, Form/Mallory’s WL14577 (LS[1}). OTHER MATERIAL. same dats as holotype, Form./Hx GLI4578 (damaged W), DESCRIPTION External characteristics. Body about 700j.m long, and 350j.m wide: oval or elliptical, not dorso-ventrally compressed. Pigment extends through body, prominent on dorsal and ventral surfaces, Postenior adhesive disc pedunculate: dise diameter 230. at rim, dise peduncle about )O0jm across. Epidermis syncitial, 3.5m high dorsally, 5.5j.m high ventrally. Cilia entirely ab- sent, Alimentary system. Mouth mid-ventral in ante- nor quaner of body. Buceul cavity or prepharynx TEMNOCEPHALANS ON FRESHWATER CRUSTACEA 23 FIG. 3. Temnocephala improcera n.sp. a, internal anatomy of whole animal; b, pharynx: c, detail of female reproductive system, d, detail of male reproductive system, Scales: a, 250j.m: b,c-d, 100m inconspicuous. Pharynx directed antero-ven- trally, as wide as long, about 145 x 130m: strong, undivided, with a few tiny eosinophilic glands in the muscle block; lacking anon- cellular lip, without a conspicuous non-cellular lining, muscles not forming an obvious crenulate buccal rim. Pharynx sphincters equal. Oesophagus in- conspicuous. Gut darkly coloured (filled with brown globular (about 5-10j:.m) inclusions), longer than wide; with septa. Gastrodermis 60j.m high. Excretory system, Excretory pores anterior to mouth. Excretory ampulla a simple vacuole (but elongate), thick walled (12-l4m), about 70% 30m, Nervous and sensory systems, Brain compact, transverse band, Major nerve trunks inconspicu- ous, Eyes present, discrete, well separated, about 20% 30um, Eye pigment granules irregular, mostly small, black-brown. Glands. Rhabdite glands in lateral fields ante- nor to anterior testes. Rhabdites only accumulate on tentacles (7), Haswell's cells and oesophageal glands inconspicuous (absent?). Ootype glands present. Shell glands and postero-lateral glands absent. Dise glands conspicuous, filling the pos- terior body. Muscles. Longitudinal muscles of body wall stronger ventrally. Circular muscles of body wall similar dorsally and ventrally. Dorso-ventral muscles weak. Attachment muscles of pharynx weak. Attachment muscles of adhesive dise strong. Muscles controlling male organ weak. Reproductive system 2. Gonopore mid-ven- tral, in posterior third of body. Genital atrium small. Genital complex contained in a connective tissue capsule. Ovary about 120% 60pm. Vesicula resorbens present, about 70% 35pm, Jum thick wall; lying free of gut wall, not open to gut. Seminal receptacle single. Vaginal teeth absent. Vagina long, compattmentalised. Vitel- laria scaticred laterally, dorsal to ventral. Reproductive system 3. Testes rounded: ante- rior about 150j.m in diameter, smooth, lateral to gut, posterior about 100j.m in diameter, smooth, lateral or postero-lateral to gut. Vasa deferentia narrow, entering seminal vesicle separately, Seminal vesicle about 35 X ]00j.m. Ejaculatory 24 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM sac absent (?). Prostate bulb separate, i.e. wider than cirrus base. Cirrus shaft straight. Cirrus hardly tapering, 100..m long, 701m wide at base, with basal collar. Cirrus introvert not swollen, about 25j.m or 1/4 of the cirrus length. Cirrus spinelets moderately sized, filling inside, few rows, i.e. <20. ETYMOLOGY From improcerus L. = short, referring to the cirrus. REMARKS The combination of a pigmented body and the presence of a genital capsule means this species resembles most closely T. athertonensis (see above). However, it is much smaller, lacks the postero-lateral glands (though these are poorly developed in 7. athertonensis), has smooth not lobulate testes, possesses a single seminal recep- tacle and has a short broad cirrus with a distinctive basal collar: none of these characters are shared with T. athertonensis. Temnocephala minuta n.sp. (Fig. 4) MATERIAL EXAMINED HOLOTYPE: ex Paratya australiensis (Atyidae), Sandy Ck tributary of Dawson R. nr Taroom (25.39°S, 149.48°E), 3 Dec. 1986, L. Cannon & J. Jennings, AFA/Haemalum., GL14555 (W). PARATYPE: same data as holotype, AFA/H&E GL14556 (LS[2]). FIG. 4. Temmacephala minuta n.sp. a, internal anatomy of whole animal; b, pharynx; c, detail of reproductive systems. Scales: a, 250m: b, LOOjm; c, 50pm. TEMNOCEPHALANS ON FRESHWATER CRUSTACEA 25 DESCRIPTION External characteristics. Body about 550m Jong, and 300..m wide; rounded to yal or ellip- tical, dorso-ventrally compressed, but without flanges, Pigment confined to eyes. Posterior acl- hesive disc pedunculate: disc diameter 120p.m at rim, dise peduncle about 50j.m in diameter. Epi- dermis syncitial, about 24m high dorsally and ventrally. Cilia entirely absent, Alimentary system, Mouth mid-ventral in ante- rior quarter of body. Buccal cavity or prepharynx inconspicuous, Pharynx directed antero-yen- trally, as wide as long, about 80pm; strong, undi- vided, with nucleated cells in muscle blocks; Jacking a non-ecllular bp, without a conspicuous non-cellular lining. muscles. not fonning a crenu- late buccal rim. Pharynx sphincters stronger pos- teriorly, Oesophagus inconspicuous. Gul lacking colour, as wide as lang; without septa, Gastroder- mis about 20-30..m high. Gut contains bacteria, Excretory system. Exeretory pores lateral to mouth, Excretory ampulla a simple vacuole, thick walled, about 304m in diameter. Major excretory ducts inconspicuous. Nervous and sensory systems, Brain compact, transverse band. Eyes present, contiguous, 25% 15m, Eye pigment granules irregular, mostly small, red-black. Glands. Rhabdite glands in Juteral fields unte- rior to anterior testes, few