Economic History	73
pany of all.443 Supple, investigating the major crisis in the
established cloth trade, clearly brings out the need for some-
thing new.444 From a different point of view, Hinton explains
how the state's withdrawal from control produced a revival
after i66o;445 however 'colonial' the 'system*, the intellectual
atmosphere of Adam Smith appears to have stretched back a
long way. Davis then describes these new departures and
developments, especially the phenomenal growth of the re-
export trade.446 In his plain history of a new type of trading
company, Davies underlines the transformation from the
earlier period's methods and attitudes.447 Wilson, on the other
hand, sees a conscious policy of power in the commercial wars
waged against Holland; at any rate, it was conscious in the
mind of Sir George Downing.448 Two specialized studies deal
with England's Scandinavian trade in which cloth was ex-
changed for timber and iron.449 Shipping and ship-building,
ultimately the foundation of the victory over the Dutch,
receive thorough attention from Davis.450
The foundations of economic growth, capital and labour,
still require much hard work from historians. A striking, and
443	K. N, Ghaudhuri, The English East India Company: the study of an
early joint-stock company, 1600 -1640. L: Gass: 1965. Pp. ix, 245.
444	Barry E. Stipple, Commercial Crisis and Change in England, 1600 -
1642. GUP: 1959. Pp. xii, 296. Rev: EHR 77, 534^5 EcHR* 13,
I24f.
445	R. W. K. Hinton, The Easiland Company and the Common Weal in
the Seventeenth Century. GUP; 1959. Pp. xi, 244. Rev: EHR 75, 353^
44*Ralph Davis, 'English foreign trade, 1660-1700*, EcHR* 7
(1954 ~5)> 150-66.
447	K. G. Davies, The Royal Africa Company. L: Longmans: 1957.
Pp. ix, 390.
448	Charles H. Wilson, Profit and Power: a study of England and the
Dutch zffars. L: Longmans: 1957. Pp. vi, 169. Rev: EHR 73, 30if.
449	Sven Tveite, Engelsk-Norsk Trtlasthandel 1640 -1710. Bergen/Oslo:
Universitetsforlaget:  1961. Pp. 675. - Sven-Erik Astrom, From
Cloth to Iron: the Anglo-Baltic trade in the late I'jth csnttoy, * vols.
Helsingfors: Soc. Scientiarum Fennica: 1963, 1965. Pp. 260, 86*
Rev: EHR 80, 84if.; 82, 394.
4M Ralph Davis, The Rise of the English Stepping Industries in the i?&
and i&h Centuries. L: Macmillan: 1962. Pp. ix, 427. Rev: EHR 79,
555ff.; EeHR* 16,