Contents vii

10 Social History page 163

a. Welfare , 163

b. Education 166

c. Printing 170

d. Law 172

11 History* of Ideas 176

a. Political thought 176

b. Social thought 185

c. Historiography 187

d. Science 191

e. Religious thought 195

12 Scotland 198

a. General 198

b. The sixteenth century 200

c. The seventeenth century 201

d. Since 1707 202

13 Ireland 206

a. Before the Union 206

b. After the Union 210

Indexes 217

a. Authors and editors 217

b. Subjects 232