Political History 31

study of the personality are the best.167 The opposition is
represented by the unhappy fourth duke of Norfolk, victim of
his own ambition and the Queen of Scots* irresponsibility,16S
and by the collective biography of some Catholic exiles who
settled in Spain.169 Outside the classifications stands the charm-
ing story of a successful adventurer who began his career as a
papal agent, continued it as a diplomatist in Elizabeth's service,
and finished it upon a gentleman's estate in Cambridgeshire.170
There is too little to report on foreign policy. Wernham's
survey suffers from the fact that much of it rests on secondary
material and thus says too little that is new.171 A new look at
the relations between England and the papacy in the age of
\Volsey casts comprehensive doubt upon Pollard's view of
Wolsey's purposes and motives; the new look is right.172
Elizabeth's first decade can be studied from the point of view
of Spain's ambassadors; the author is too trusting in the face
of his one-sided sources.173 On the other hand, Wernham's

167 A. Leslie Rowse, Raleigh and tfie Throckmortons. L: Macmillan: 1962.
Pp. xi, 348. Rev: EHR 79, 6oif. -E. A. Strathmann, Sir Walter
Raleigh: a study in Elizabethan skepticism. New York: Columbia
UP: 1951. Pp. xi, 292. - See also n. 291.

1€S Neville J. Williams, TJiomas Howard, fourth Duke of Norfolk. L:
Barrie & Rockliff: 1964. Pp. xiii, 289. Rev: EHR Si, i6if. -
Francis Edwards, S. J., The Marvellous Chance: Thomas Howard,
fourth Duke of Norfolk, and the Ridolphi Plot, 1570-1572 (L: Hart-
Davis: 1968; pp. 416) is a pretentious, overwritten and unreli-
able attempt to revive the legend that the only plotter of the age
was William Cecil.

169 Albert J. Loomie, The Spanish Elizabethans. New York: Fordham
UP: 1963. Pp. xii, 280. Rev: EHR 80, 831.

170 Lawrence Stone, An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Pallavicino. O: Claren-
don: 1956. Pp. xix, 345.

171 R. Bruce Wernham, Before the Armada: the growth of English foreign
policy, 1485 -1588. L: Cape: 1966. Pp. 447. Rev: EHR 83, I22ff.;

f&* 54> 95*"-

172 D. S. Chambers, Cardinal Bainbndge in the Court of Rome. O:
Clarendon: 1965. Pp. xii, 178. Rev: EHR 81, 826.-Idem,
'Cardinal Wolsey and the papal tiara', BIHR 38 (1965), 20-30.

173 Manuel F. Alvarez, Tres embajadores de Felipe II en Inglaterra*
Madrid: Gonsejo Superior de Investigaciones Gientificas: 1951.
Pp. 319-