54 The Seventeenth Century (1603 - 77/4)

success this kind of puritanism was.317 Charles I's secretary of
state has received his tribute from one of his descendants.313
Wedgwood did the improbable and unusual when she replaced
her earlier biography of Strafford by a new one written sixteen
years later; In place of the hero on horseback painted by en-
thusiastic youth,, we now have the energetic, self-seeking able,
but maladroit man of reality.319 Cranfield, merchant and
politician, has inspired two books: Tawney's contains a bril-
liant sweep across the commercial scene of the day but little of
precise detail, while Prestwich, though perhaps too involved in
the detail of her subject's private dealings, also provides the
best account of Jacobean politics that at present we have.320
The story should be completed from Ashton's brilliant inves-
tigations into the early Stuarts' disastrous financial policies.321
Two competent biographies deal with two very different, but
equally characteristic, phenomena on the Jacobean stage - the
upstart founder of a landed family, and the established aristo-
crat seeking further satisfaction in puritanism and humanism.322
The manifest problems of an ageof increasingpolitical tension
have been subjected to further investigation which, though tradi-

117 L Morgan, Prince Charles's Puritan Chaplain. L: Allen & Unwin:
1957. Pp. 219. Rev: EHR 73, 719^

816 Douglas Nicholas, Mr Secretary Nicholas, 1593 -1669. L: Bodley

Head: 1955. Pp. 336. Rev: EHR 71, 333.
919 G. Veronica Wedgwood, Thomas Wentworth, first earl of Strafford,

*593 - ^4I: a revaluation. L: Cape: 1961. Pp. 415. Rev: EHR 79,

375ff*

320 Richard H. Tawney, Business and Politics wider James I: Lionel
Cranfield as merchant and minister. CUP: 1958. Pp. xii, 235. Rev:
EHR 77, I55ff.; EcHR* u, 5i5fF.-Menna Prestwich, Cranfield;
profits and politics wider the early Stuarts. O: Clarendon: 1966. Pp.
xi, 623. Rev: EHR 83, 348^; HJ n, iBgL

*fil Robert Ashton, The Crown and the Money Market. O: Clarendon:
1960. Pp. xvis 223. Rev: EHR 78, i6oŁ; EcHR* 14, i45ff. - Idem,
'Revenue farming under the early Stuarts', EcHR* 8 (1955 - 6),
310-22; 'Deficit finance in the reign of James P, ibid. 10 (1957 -
*958), 15~*9; 'Charles I and the City', Tawney Ft (n. 126), 138-63.

118 A* F. Upton, Sir Artiw Ingram^ c. 15% -1642: a study of the origins
of an English landed family. L: OUP; 1961. Pp. x, 274. Rev: EHR 77,
764f.- Robert E. L, Strider, Robert Gr&wlle, Lord Brooke. C
(Mass.): Harvard UP: 1958* Pp. xiv, 252.