56 The Seventeenth Century (1603 - 1714)

commons and must not be used to prove their collective atti-
tude at this time; but he is mistaken in part about the docu-
ment's later history.32* Hall establishes that in the well-known
test case on impositions in 1606 neither side could usefully rely
on precedent.350 The political manoeuvres of two faction
centres have been looked at; there is a lot more to do in this
respect.331 Boynton has given some substance to two of the
complaints raised in 1628 against Buckingham's regime.332
Two strictly technical problems of parliamentary history are
discussed by de Villiers and Latham.333

The constitutional issue is no longer as clear as it seemed to
Gardiner, but recognition of the fact remains to seek; that of
the Church has been even more drastically reopened, but here
scholars seem more willing to listen. Few would now speak of a
quarrel between puritanism and angiicanism; and those who
would — seeing that until the age of Laud at least puritanism
was a form, even the dominant form, of angiicanism - would
be wrong. The whole concept of puritanism has been much
debated (see also Section 6, D). Hill has remained persuaded
that the political and social consequences of strict Calvinism
produced a class struggle within and without the clergy, and
also that the civil war should be explained by means of this
socio-economic conflict.334 Though no one has a more ranging

329 G. R. Elton, 'A high road to civil war?', Mattingly Ft (n. 127),

325-47-

330 G. D. G. Hall, Impositions and the courts, 1554-1606', LQR
69 (i953)> 200-18.

331 Robert W. Kenny, 'Parliamentary influence of Charles Howard,
earl of Nottingham, 1536-1624*, JMH 39 (1967), 215-32,-
Lawrence Stone, 'The electoral influence of the second earl of
Salisbury, 1614-1668', EHR 71 (1956), 384-400.

332 Lindsay Boynton, 'Billeting: the example of the Isle of Wight*,
EHR 74 (1959), 23-40; 'Martial Law and the petition of right*,
ibid. (1964), 255-84.

*** Elizabeth de Villiers, 'Parliamentary boroughs restored by the
House of Commons, 1621-1641', EHR 67 (1952), 175-202. -
R. C. Latham, Tayment of parliamentary wages: the last phase%
ibid. 66 (1953)* 27-5<>.

*** Christopher Hill, Economic Problems of tht Chunk from Archbishop
Whtotjtft to the Long Parliament. O: Clarendon: 1956* Pp. xiv, 367,