Parliament and Parties 85

patriarch himself never brought off.513 The intensive reports
on individual cabinets, which Naimer initiated, have so far
yielded three books which, despite their excessive devotion to
detail, manage to bring much real enlightenment.514 Coming
originally from the same stable, Gannon, however, wants to
see a change towards real party coming after the disaster of the
American war; his book is nicely enlivened by a firm distaste
for Shelburne and Pitt which no actual supporter of the un-
happy coalition could have bettered.515 Fox, one may say,
turned the Rockingham connexion into the whig party, a
consummation possible only (at the time) to a party out of
office and in continuous decline, as O'Gorman shows.516

Though the games played by the parliamentary factions
have attracted most attention, they have not monopolized it,
and very different strands in the nation's political life have not
been forgotten. Robbins collects the evidence for the fact that
the democratic tenets of the seventeenth century found their
adherents in the eighteenth,517 and CarswelPs study of three
*true whigs5 active in the century after 1688 offers support.518
Black investigates the beginnings of the parliamentary reform
movement by looking at the not altogether spontaneous county
associations,519 Christie links this phase with the career of John

513 Richard Pares, George III and the Politicians. O: Qarendon: 1953.
Pp. 214. Rev: EHR 68, 447ff.

514 John Brooke, The Chatham Admimstration, 1766-1768. L: Mac-
millan: 1956. Pp. xiv, 400. Rev: EHR 72, 3338". - Bernard
Donoughue, British Politics and the American Revolution; the path to
war, 1773-1775* ^«f-* J9^4' Pp- x» 324* Rev; EHR 81, 6o$£;
HJ 9, 2468*. - Ian R. Christie, The End of North's Ministry, 1780 -
1782. Ibid.: 1958. Pp. xiii, 429.

515 John Cannon, The Fox-North Coalition: crisis of the constitution,
1782-1784* CUP: 1969. Pp. xiii, 275,

"* Francis O'Gorman, The, WMg Party and the French Revolution. L:

Macmillan: 1967. Pp, xv, 270. Rev: HJ 12, 7i2ff.
*17 Caroline Robbius, The Eighteenth-Center? Gmmawaealtfandn. C

(Mass.): Harvard UP: 1959. Pp. viii, 462.
518 John P. Garswell, The Old Cause. L: Cresset: 1954. Pp. xxiii,

402.
m Eugene C. Black, The Association, 1^69 -1^5. C (Mass.): Harvard

UP: 1963. Pp. 344.