98 The Eighteenth Century (1714- /5/j)

He has also argued (pursuing his faith in physiology-rather than
economics) that, so far from being the product of industrial
growth, population increases preceded the latter and stand in
direct causal relationship to it, a point of view once popular,
then discredited, but now again worth considering.598 Krause,
however, has not remained silent and on balance seems to
cam- the bigger guns.599 One thing only would appear to be
certain: the massive labour force required by industry was
produced by numerical increase, not by the expulsion of a
peasantry which, driven from its lands, moved into the towns.600
Just another legend.

Still, by and large the situation at present is that neither
capital nor labour can be credited with playing a fundamental
and causal role in the sudden expansion of production; that
technological progress alone will not explain it has long been
recognized and is not at all contradicted by Landes, despite his
main concern for changes in technique (n. 579).601 This mildly
desperate situation leaves nothing over except the existence of
the entrepreneur, a scientifically pretty inaccurate concept.
We thus note a tendency to explain by describing the work of
individuals,602 an uncomfortable tendency for economic his-
torians with their preference for the assurance of tables and
graphs, but a development which has done much good both in

58S P. E. Razzell, 'Population growth and economic change in
eighteenth and early nineteenth century England and Ireland',
Chambers Ft (n. 134), 260-81.

*** J. T. Krause, 'Some aspects of population change, 1690 - 1790',
Chambers Ft (n. 134,), 187-202.

f °° J. D. Chambers, 'Enclosure and labour supply in the Industrial
Revolution', EcHR* 5 (1952-3), 319-43; 'Population changes in
a provincial town: Nottingham 1700-1800', Ashton Ft (n. 136),

97-1*4-
*01 In an interesting article about transport and supplies, E. A.

Wrigley attempts to open up a new line of thought; but it seems to

me that his answer will not really serve: "The supply of raw

materials in the Industrial Revolution*, EcHR* 15 (1962-3)

1-16.
€OS Sidney Pollard, The Genesis of Modern Management: a study in the

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. G (Mass.): Harvard UP: 1965.

Pp, 328. Rev: VS 10, 93f.