140 The Simleenth Century (1815 - 1914}

of the new markets was China, and the archives of a pioneer-
ing firm Jardine Mathieson) have made possible a thorough
description of those beginnings.885 The story of another busi-
ness similarly engaged continues the story.886 Several useful
books have been written about the splendidly active shipping
concerns of Victorian England.887 The indefatigable Briggs
contributes the model history of a large department store.888
Another type of multiple shop - food-retailing chains - is
studied by Mathias.8S9 These are among the signs that the
end of the individual enterprise was drawing close; Payne
opens a very necessary assault on the problem of mergers and
giant companies.890

Apart from the books on trade unionism, which have already
been mentioned,891 little has been written about the history
of labour, though attention may in general be drawn to a
specialist periodical. The British Journal of Labour History.
Hobsbawm's interesting collection of articles touches in the
main on the least known aspects of the working classes.892
Pollard provides a chronicle of the workers employed in a
town equipped with mixed industries; he covers the years

885 Michael Greenberg, British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800-
1842. CUP: 1951. Pp. xii. 238. Rev: EcHR* 5, 140^.

88* Sheila Marriner, The Rathbones of Liverpool, 1845 -1873. Liverpool
UP: 1961. Pp. xiii, 246. Rev: EHR 78, I42ff.

887 Marischal Murray, Union Castle Chronicle, 1853 ~ r953* L: Long-
mans: 1953, Pp. xvii, 392. Rev: EHR 69, lyaf. - Francis E. Hyde
and J. R. Harris, Blue Funnel: a history of Alfred Holt and Company
of Liverpool from 1865 to 19/4. Liverpool UP: 1956. Pp. xvii, 201.
Rev: EHR 72, 764^ - Francis E. Hyde, Skipping Enterprise and
Management, 1830 -1939: Harrison's of Liverpool* Liverpool UP:
1967. Pp, xx, 208. Rev: EcHR* 20, s6if.; Hist 53, 455fF,

888 Asa Briggs, Friends of the People: the centenary history of Lewis's. L:
Batsford: 1956. Pp. 242.

m Peter Mathias, Retailing Revolution. L: Longmans: 1967. Pp. xix,

425. Rev: EHR 83, 86o/.; EcHR* 20, 4iof.
888 P. L, Payne, "The emergence of the large-scale company in Great

Britain, 1870 - 1914% EcHR* 20 (1967), 519-412.
8flSeenn. 737-41-
892 Eric J. Hobsbawm, Labouring Men: studies in the history of labour.

L: Weidenfeld: 1964. Pp. viii, 401. Rev: EcHR* 20, i78fF*