Definition of Terms	337
ment is essentially in harmony with that process or runs
counter to it. It is also true, and hardly less clear, that
the present writer believes that socialism is the next
due social form in that process; and that fascism is
reactionary.
Once these judgements have been explicitly recognized,
the definitions given above are not invalidated even for those
persons who disagree with the judgements. Such persons
need merely bear in mind that where ' progressive' has been
used with application to the contemporary scene, it refers to
progress in the direction along which socialism lies; and
^4 reactionary ' refers to movement in an opposite direction.
V
feudal: pertaining to a society, or to the dominant culture
or class of a society, which has been predominantly
agricultural, and in which the chief form of wealth has
been revenue from land, and the chief power has been
in the hands of a class who do not work the land but
derive income from those who do. Specifically in
Muslim India,^4 feudal' has been used here to refer to
that form of society which has obtained from the first
Muslim invasions (and before) until displaced by the
bourgeois society introduced by British imperialism in
the nineteenth century.
bourgeois: pertaining to a society, or to the dominant cul-
ture or class of a society, which is predominantly
capitalist, in which the chief form of wealth is revenue
from commerce and industry, and power is chiefly in
the hands of a class who do not work the commerce
and ir^dustry but derive income (profits) from those
who do. Specifically, ' bourgeois' has been used to
refer to the predominant culture (and its middle class)
of Europe, from the effective rise of capitalism with
the Renascence and Reformation; and in India, to the
Westernized culture (and its class) introduced with
and by British industrial imperialism.