ILLUSTRATIONS

HG. . PAGE
1 THE FIBRES OF COTTON, LINEN, ESPARTO, AND STRAW, WITH CHARACTERISTIC CELLS 3
2 THE FIBRES OF WOOD PULP 7
3 LATEST TYPE GIANT HEAVY RAG CHOPPER 22
*4 RAG WILLOW AND DUSTER, WITH PART OF COVER REMOVED TO SHOW WIRE-COVERED DRUM AND SPIKES 23
5 SPHERICAL RAG BOILER, HOLDING UP TO SEC TONS, FITTED WITH LARGE MANHOLE TO EMPTY LN ONE OR Two
REVOLUTIONS ' 25
6 LATEST TYPE HEAVY DUTY RAG BREAKING AND WASHING ENGINE 28
7 LATEST TYPE HIGH CAPACITY RAG BREAKING AND WASHING ENGINE, WITH Two EXTRACTOR DRUMS AND
INTERNALLY DRIVEN ROLLS 29
8 SINCLAIR STATIONARY VOMITING BOILER FOR ESPARTO GRASS 39
9 ARRANGEMENT OF BLEACH-MIXING PLANT, USING BLEACHING POWDER 41
10 BATTERY OF MASSON-SCOTT BLEACHING TOWERS WITH POTCHER AND CONCENTRATOR 47
11 THREE-DRUM WASHING AND CONCENTRATING MACHINE FOR WOOD-PULP, RAGS OR ESPARTO GRASS 49
12 FLOATING LOGS DOWN FROM THE FOREST 51
13 TOWLNG A 'RAFT* OF LOGS ACROSS A LAKE TO THE PULP MILL 53
14 BATTERY OF KAMYR GRINDERS 54
15 TRANSPORTING LOGS INTO THE Mm, 59
16 PLAN OF SCIENNES PATENT HOLLANDER BEATER, SHOWING THE WELL-DESIGNED SHAPE OF THE TROUGH, WHICH
ELIMINATES DEAD SPOTS AND AIDS CIRCULATION 75
17 BEATER ROLL, FRONT ELEVATION, SHOWING BARS ARRANGED m CLUMPS OF Two 76
18 ELEVATION OF BEATER ROLL, SHOWING Two METHODS OF FOUNG 76
19 BASALT LAVA BEATER ROLL WITH CAST-IRON SPIDER AND STONE SEGMENTS 77
20 FRONT ELEVATION OF BED-PLATE AND SECTION OF ROLL, SHOWING ROLL BARS ARRANGED IN CLUMPS OF FOUR
AND BEVELLED 78
21 VARIOUS SHAPES OF BEATER BED-PLATES 80
22 UMPHERSTON BEATING ENGINE 81
23 A BATTERY OF TAYLOR BEATERS, WITH A RANGE OF BLEACHING TOWERS LN THE BACKGROUND 82
24 ELEVATION AND PLAN OF THE TOWER BEATER 83
25 SCIENNES HOLLANDER BEATER, SHOWING THREE BED-PLATES PLACED UP THE BACKFALL, ALSO EQUALLY SPACED
BARS ON ROLL, AND VERY HIGH BACKFALL ' 84
26 SCIENNES PATENT BEATING ENGINE, SHOWING AUTOMATIC CONTROL GEAR 85
27 THE THORSEN-HERY BEATER 88
28 PLAN OF THORSEN-HERY BEATER 89
29 THE NEYTHOR PRESS 91
30 MASCOT REFINER WITH TOP HALF OF CASTING REMOVED, SHOWING CONE 93
31 THE MASCOT REFINER 94
32 THE MARSHALL REFINER, Disc END 95
33 THE 'PERFECT' PULPER: SECTION SHOWING THE REVOLVING SHAFT AND FIXED ARMS 107
34 WATFORD PATENT PULPER 108
35 SECTIONAL VIEW OF KOLLERGANG OR EDGE RUNNER, SHOWING DRIVING MECHANISM AND BASE STONE 109
36 BBWOLD MILL, SHOWING STEAM-JACKETED PANS AND MEASURING VESSELS 119
37 LATEST TYPE FOURDRINIER MACHINE Tofo& page 136
38 THE PLUNGER TYPE STUFF PUMP, DIRECT-DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC MOTOR 139
39 A BACK-WATER SYSTEM OF A PAPER MACHINE 142
40 THE ROTOR WHITEWATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM 143,
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