88 MODERN PAPER-MAKING

-namely, what we call 'free'-as of no account or unworthy of investiga-
tion, but will confine ourselves to the second class, as being what is admitted
by all concerned to be the representative process for all 'beating'.

When the first prehistoric member of the Paper-makers' Association started
to make paper he found that one part of the process entailed a great deal of
heavy work, and no doubt delegated the pounding or beating of the fibres to
his sturdiest employe. Up to the present day, to produce a strong paper from
'rags'—we will assume this to be a representative of the whole class—the

INSPECTION PORT-HOLE

FULCRUM POINT OF
BEDPLATE CARRIER SEAM

COMPRESSED AIR CYLINDER.
ALTERNATIVELY PRESSURE
BY LEVERS AND WE1QHT5.

RAISING AND HOLDING QEAR,
WITH MICROMETER REGISTERING.
GAUGE INDICATING SPACE
BETWEEN ROLL AND BEDPLATE

TROUQH WITH
STREAMLINE CURVES
TO ENSURE UNIFORM
TREATMENT OF STOCK

RECEIVING BASIN,
ACTIVE MIK1NQ OF
STOCK AT TWS POCNT,
EVEN AT HtQH

EIHORSENrHERYjEATER

FIXED

PERMITTING, IF SO

ABSENCE OF DESIRED, THE DIRECT

STOCK COLLECTION CONNECTION OF MOTOR

IN ENCLOSURE AND THROUGH REDUCTION

THUS NO BRAKiNCt EFFECT. GEARS.

FIG. 27.

ROLL 1____________

OPPOSITE DIRECTION.
TO FLOW OF STOCK,'
FACIUTATNQ THE
FILUNQ OFSRACES
BETWEEN BARS.

MINIMUM BAFFLE AREA
SUFFICIENT ONLY FOR
FILLING SPACES
BETWEEN BARS.

OUTLET 'VALVE

[Bentley and Jackson

greatest power is consumed by the heating process. To reduce this great con-
sumption of power, to 'beat* the rags to produce what we require, with the
minimum expense for fuel, is the ultimate object of all investigators of the
process.
Before we can do this, we must find out what takes place in the beater.
We can do this only by examining results, and formulating a theory which
will agree with these results. Now it is agreed that if two beaters furnished
with identical quality of stuff are run off at the machine, and one is beaten
Vet' and the other 'free', the one that is called Vet beaten invariably pro-
duces the strongest paper. This brings us at once to the point where we must
define what we mean by Vet beaten' stuff. In a word, it is stuff which parts
with its water very slowly. It will go from the breast to the suction boxes
without losing much of the water in which it is suspended.