WATER-MARKING

237

speaking, the finer and more intricate the design the slower the speed at which
the paper has to be run. Many rolls containing intricate designs, and especially
those having small round spaces enclosed by wire, are very troublesome on
the machine, owing to the fact that they pick small pieces of stuff out of the
web, causing holes to appear in the finished sheet.

By far the greater proportion of water-marks have to register in the finished
sheet—that is, they have to fall in a predetermined position in every sheet when
it is cut and ready for use. In order to achieve this the dandy rolls have to
be made to suit different sizes of paper, so that they vary in circumference and
also in the spacing of the names across the roll. •

W.GREBiSON&WAlTE

J"

97.—SHOWING HOW THE WATER-MAM:

S*i mi
FAILS m A LARGE POST UJMGHT 410 SHHT, 4

The devices are either sewn or soldered on to the cover after being made
separately, and when they are in position on the cover, all connecting wires
used to hold the letters, figures or designs in place have to be removed. The
designs are generally soldered on to die cover, and this is done by tinning the
whole device before placing it in position and then running a soldering iron
over it, causing the tin to run down and fix the wires to die cover.
Since the web of waterleaf is drawn out in length—i\f., in the machine
direction—during the time it passes from the wire until it is dried, it will be
obvious that the distance between the devices round the roll wifl haw to be
less than the distance desired in die finished sheet, and as die web shrinks n