IRRIGATION 275

No information either can be given for the second
period when smaller undertakings were made by the
people themselves, while the larger works were built in
Mesopotamia, and elsewhere, by Sultan Abdul Hamid in
the name of the Crown Treasury. Troops and civil
groups were employed in the construction.

The only reliable information which can be given Is
for the Konia plain and Mesopotamia plain where works
were undertaken after the Constitution and are already
in operation.

Konia development serves the following villages which
are situated on the railway line between the Kashin-Han
and Chomra station, at a distance of 20 and 40 kilome-
ters, respectively, from Konia:—

Kiok Hoyuk, Ali Bey Hoyuk, Chomra, Chariklar, Bo-
ruk Dulu, Fethiyye, Dedem Oghlu, Alemdar Kuchuk Koi,
Karghin, and Kara Hoyuk, Also, three cubic meters of
water is supplied to the villages already irrigated by the
Charshamba Eiver. It was found that the Charshamba
Eiver was insufficient to irrigate the whole plain, so it
was decided to drain Beyshehr Lake. Therefore, the Bey-
shehr Eiver, which runs down from the Beyshehr Lake
was improved over a distance of 60 kilometers in such a
way as to draw 60 meters of water per second. This
water drained into the river Charshamba through a canal
30 kilometers in length. In addition, water from Lake
Karavivan drained through Balikliova, 22 kilometers in
extent, and thus the water flowed into the Eiver Char-
shamba and thence to the Charshamba plain. Because
of its irregular course, it was necessary to do consider-
able work on the bed of this river.

Total expenses of these works amounted to 19,500,000
francs ($3,900,000). Since but one third of this amount
was spent on the improvement of the Beyshehr and
Charshamba rivers, on the Beyshehr channel and on the
two canals, the relative insignificant cost for draining