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Botanic royal botanic gardens MELBOURNE

Gardens

Melbourne NATIONAL HERBARIUM OE VICTORIA

Muelleria publishes research papers on Southern Hemisphere plant, algal and fungal
systematics, particularly relating to Australia and the Australian states of Victoria and
Tasmania, and to the collections of the National Herbarium of Victoria. Acceptable
submissions include; taxonomic revisions; phylogenetic and biogeographical studies;
short papers describing new taxa, documenting nationally significant new records, or
resolving nomenclatural matters; historical analyses relevant to systematics; any other
research contributing to our knowledge of plant, algal or fungal diversity.

Muelleria is published annually by the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic
Gardens, MIebourne. Manuscripts should be sent in triplicate to:

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Australia

Format requirements and submission guidelines are the same as those for Australian
Systematic Botany (consult the first issue of that journal in the most recent year for
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Editor James Grimes

Editor for Mycology Tom May

Editorial Advisory Committee Marco Duretto

Jim Ross
Neville Walsh

© 1999

ISSN 0077-1813

MUELLERIA

CONTENTS

VOLUME 12, NO. 1 1999

Systematics of Boronia section Valvatae sensu lato (Rutaceae)
- M.F. Duretto

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Boronia sect. Valvatae

Systematics of Boronia section Valvatae sensu lato (Rutaceae)

Marco F. Duretto

School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.

Present address: National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne,
Birdwood Ave, South Yarra 3141, Australia,
ph: (03) 9252 2313 fax: (03) 9252 2350
e.mail: duretto@rbgmelb.org.au

Abstract

Boronia Sm. sect. Valvatae (Benth.) Engl, is revised and an infrageneric classification is presented.
Four species, B. alata Sm,, B. algida F. Muell., B. corynophylla Paul G. Wilson and B. edwardsii
Benth. are removed from Boronia sect. Valvatae and two sections, Alatae Duretto (monotypic) and
Algidae Duretto, are newly described to accommodate them. Within Boronia sect. Valvatae s. str.,
four subsections, nine series and five subseries are described, including the following new ones:
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Bowmaniae Duretto; Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect.
Grandisepalae Duretto; Boronia sect Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Quadrilatae Duretto;
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Grandisepalae subser. Verecundae Duretto;
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae Duretto, Boronia sect. Valvatae
subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae subser. Jucundae Duretto; Boronia sect. Valvatae
subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae subser. Filicifoliae Duretto; Boronia sect. Valvatae
subsect. Ternatae Duretto; Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Ternatae ser. Ericifoliae Duretto;
Boronia sect Valvatae subsect. Valvatae ser. Erianthae Duretto; Boronia sect Valvatae subsect.
Valvatae ser. Fraseriae Duretto; Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Valvatae ser. Rupicolae Duretto.
Two new species, Boronia anomala Duretto and Boronia angustisepala Duretto are proposed, the
later to accommodate the species that has erroneously been called B. rubiginosa this century. Two
new varieties, Boronia ternata var. promiscua Duretto and Boronia ternata van austrofoliosa
Duretto, are also described. Within series Valvatae four species groups are recognised.
Descriptions and nomenclatural notes are provided for alt 63 species, two subspecies and six
varieties. Keys to all taxa treated herein are given.

Introduction

James Edward Smith (1798, p. 288) described Boronia Sm. (Rutaceae, Boronieae)
together with several species that had come to his attention through Australian collections
and plants in cultivation in English hothouses. Boronia currently includes c. 140
recognised species and is widespread in non-arid Australia. Boronias are usually found
on soils derived from siliceous sands, sandstones or granites, but are also occasionally
found on limestones and metamorphics. Boronia is a common component of
sclerophyllous heath communities, but is also found in wet and dry sclerophyll forests
and woodlands, rainforest edges, swamps, soaks, foreshore and alpine communities.

The centre of diversity of Boronia is in the south-western botanical province of Western
Australia (c. 50 endemic species). Other minor centres of diversity include the western
edge of the Arnhem Land plateau. Northern Territory (see Duretto and Ladiges 1 997),
and south-eastern Queensland to central New South Wales. All species from northern
Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and the majority of species from north
Queensland, are included in Boronia sect. Valvatae (Benth.) Engl., while the majority of

1

2

M.F. Duretto

species from southern Australia are placed in either Boronia sect. Boronia or Boronia
sect. Cyanothamnus (Lindl.) F. Muell.

Boronia is not found in New Caledonia (see Guillaumin 1911; Hartley 1985, 1995).
Weston et al. (1984) presented cladograms that showed that Boronia was paraphyletic
with respect to Boronella Baill. (a New Caledonian genus). The position of Boronella is
unresolved as no other genera were included in this analysis and the assumption that the
presence of foliar sclereids was a synapomorphy for the two genera has been shown to be
incorrect (Weston et al. 1984). Hartley (1995) suggested that Boronella is probably more
closely related to Myrtopsis Engl., Euodia J. R. & G. Forster, Brombya F. Muell., and
Medicosma J.D. Hook, than it is to Boronia. A dataset for a larger phylogenetic analysis
of Boronia and its relatives, including genera such as Boronella, Medicosma,
Neobymesia J. A. Armst., Zieria Sm. etc, is currently being compiled by the author.

The first infrageneric classification of Boronia was proposed by Bentham (1863) and
included seven series. Engler (1896, 1931) divided the genus into four sections, one of
which contained five series. Since Engler (1896, 1931) only Wilson (1971, 1998), Weston
(1990) and Hartley (1995) have attempted any revision. The need for a critical
examination of Boronia and related genera has been expressed by several workers
(Smith- White 1954; Weston et al. 1984; Hartley 1985; Stace and Armstrong 1992; Stace
and Leach 1 994). Currently in Boronia the sections Boronia, Cyanothamnus, Imbricatae
Engl, (monotypic) and Valvatae s. lato are accepted (Wilson 1998).

Boronia sect Valvatae s. lato

Boronia ser. Valvatae Benth. when first described by Bentham (1863) included 17 species
and four varieties. With reservations, Bentham placed B. inconspicua Benth. in Boronia
ser. Valvatae and noted that this species was possibly closer to some members of Boronia
ser. Pinnatae Benth. than to members of Boronia ser. Valvatae: it is now placed in
Boronia sect. Cyanothamnus. Engler (1896) raised Boronia ser. Valvatae to sectional
status and incorporated all other taxa described since Bentham’s work. Sixty-three
spiecies are included in this treatment of Boronia sect. Valvatae.

To date, no taxonomy of Boronia included infrasectional classification within Boronia
sect. Valvatae and only some taxonomic revision has been completed since Bentham
(1863) and Engler (1896, 1931). Weston et al. (1984) used several informal groups in
their cladistic analysis, and the characters shared by the members of one of these groups,
the 'B. ledifolia group’, was summarised by Weston (1990). This B. ledifolia group was
shown to be polyphyletic by Duretto and Ladiges (1999).

Duretto (1995) and Duretto and Ladiges (1999) presented cladistic analyses of all
known species of Boronia sect. Valvatae s. lat. On the basis of these analyses, they argued
that B. alata, B. algida and B. edwardsii should be removed from Boronia sect. Valvatae
and placed into two new sections, and that Boronia sect. Valvatae s. str. be divided into
tbe four subsections and nine series described here. Boronia ser. Grandisepalae Duretto
and Lanuginosae Duretto are further divided into two and three subseries respectively,
and a number of informal species groups have been identified in Boronia ser. Valvatae.
The classification of Boronia sect. Valvatae s. lat. is outlined in Table 1 .

Materials and Methods

Material: Herbarium specimens were made available from AD, BRI, CANB, CBG, DNA,
HO, JCT, MBA, MEL, MELU, NE, NSW, OSS (Office of the Supervisory Scientist
Jabiru, NT), PERTH, QRS, TCD and WALF. Cibachromes of specimens at K, colour
transparencies of specimens at BM and CGE, and photographs of specimens at W, LINN

Boronia sect. Valvatae

3

and LIV have been seen. Herbarium abbreviations, except OSS, follow Holmgren et al.
1990. These specimens were augmented with material collected in the field from 1992 to
1994. Where possible, at least five plants per local site were sampled. A complete list of
specimens seen are available from the author on request.

Anatomy and Scanning Electron Microscopy: The central portion of the leaves of all taxa
was sectioned transversely. Material was fixed in 70% ethanol. If fresh material was not
available, herbarium samples were re-hydrated in water with a small amount of detergent,
brought to the brink of boiling, left simmering for one hour and soaked over night before
fixing in 70% ethanol. All fixed material was then placed in 70% ethanol overnight,
dehydrated through a graded ethanol series up to 100% ethanol, infiltrated with 100%
LR-White (London Resin) through a resin/ethanol series, and polymerised at 60°C.
Sections 2 pm in thickness were cut on a Reichert Ultracut ultra-microtome, stained with
0.05% toluidine blue solution (pH 4.4) and observed and photographed using an
Olympus BHS compound microscope. Voucher specimens for leaf anatomy are listed in
Appendix 1.

Trichomes (of leaves, petals and stems) and seed surfaces of all taxa (where material
was available) were surveyed using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Dry leaves, petals,
stems and seeds were mounted on stubs using double sided or carbon tape with
conductive carbon paint, coated with gold using an Edwards Sputter Coater SI SOB and
examined and photographed at 5KV using a JEOL 840 Scanning Electron Microscope
equipped with a lanthanum hexaboride filament. All photographs of seeds were taken of
central areas on a lateral side, except where otherwise stated.

Taxon Descriptions: Descriptive terminology follows Theobald et al. (1979) and Hewson
(1988) for hairs; Amelunxen et al. (1967), Wilkinson (1979) and Barthlott et al. (1998)
for epicuticular waxes; Briggs and Johnson (1979) and Weston (1990) for inflorescence
structure; and, Murley (1951), Powell and Armstrong (1980) and Barthlott (1984) for
seed surfaces. The various degrees of hair density are defined as: a sparse indumentum is
where the hairs are widely spaced; a moderately dense indumentum is where the hairs are
spaced so that the rays do not overlap or overlap at the tips only, and the epidermis is
clearly visible; and a dense indumentum is where the rays of different hairs overlap and
the epidermis is not or barely visible. Conservation or ROTAP codes follow format of
Briggs and Leigh (1996) for all taxa.

Systematics

Boronia Sm., Tracts nat. hist., 288 (1798). Sp. lectotypica (Wilson 1998): B. pinnata Sm.

Cyanothamnus Lindl., Sketch veg. Swan. R., 18 (1839). Sp. lectotypica (Wilson 1998):
C. ramosus Lindl [= B. ramosa (Lindl.) Benth.]

Shrubs or rarely small trees or herbs, unarmed. Leaves opposite decussate or rarely
subopposite or whorled or spiral, simple or imparipinnate, or bipinnate; palisade
mesophyll usually tightly packed, non-secretory glands scattered in mesophyll. Flowers
bisexual, four-merous, rarely five-merous (B. scabra Lindl. var. attenuata Paul G.
Wilson), actinomorphic. Sepals free. Petals free. Stamens 8, rarely 10, the antesepalous
stamens sometimes sterile. Carpels ± free, lacking sterile apex; styles fused; two ovules
per carpel, usually only one reaching maturity. Fruit of 1^ cocci; cocci not transversely
ridged, with rounded apices; endocarp consisting of two parts that often separate when
the seed ejected from mature fruit: an elastic cartilaginous portion (the elastic endocarp)

4

M.F. Duretto

that ejects the seed, and a membranous or thick and fleshy portion that may or may not
remain attached to the seed (the placental endocarp) (cf. Wilson 1970, 1998). Australia
c. 140 spp., all endemic, all states. References: Smith (1798); Bentham (1863)- Engler
(1896, 1931); Smith- White (1954); Wilson (1971, 1988); Rao and Bhattacharya (1978
1981); Weston et al. ( 1 984); Weston ( 1 990); Hartley ( 1 995).

Named to honour Francesco (Francis) Borone (1769-1794), a young Italian naturalist
who helped Smith while he travelled through Europe in 1787 (Smith 1798).

Boronia sect’s Alatae, Algidae and Valvatae differ from all other sections of Borvnia
by having petals that are both valvate in bud and persistent (except for B. edwardsii in
Boroma sect. Algidae and B. anomala in Boronia sect. Valvatae) when the fruit is mature.

To retain the information in the consensus cladogram presented by Duretto and Ladiges
(1999) all taxa, infrageneric and specific, are listed in phyletic sequence (see Nelson
1972, 1973; Forey 1992f Boronia subsect. Valvatae is the exception due to the poorly
supported structure of this clade (see discussion in Duretto and Ladiges, 1999).

Key to sections, subsections, series and subseries of Boronia sect. Valvatae s. lato.

or

1. Inflorescence terminal, sometimes also in upper leaf axils; sepals imbricate
opposite-decussate in bud; stellate hairs absent; seeds dull.

2. Leaves imparipinnate or bipinnate; inflorescence a large many-flowered panicle,
peduncle large; seasonal growth unit not pseudodichotomous (coastal SW WA;

monotypic - see 1. Boronia alata) sect 1. Alatae

2. Leaves imparipinnate or simple; inflorescence cymose l(-3)-flowered, peduncle
absent; seasonal growth unit pseudodichotomous (ACT, NSW, Vic., SA, inland SW

WA).

.sect. 2. Algidae

. Inflorescence axillary; sepals valvate in bud; stellate hairs present, if only on flowers

or rarely absent {B. anomala)-, seeds shiny, rarely dull Valvatae s. str.

3. Leaves pinnate; leaflets linear, involute, 1 mm wide; petals

deciduous 5 , anomala (subsect insertae sedis)

3. Leaves simple or pinnate; leaflet shapie variable, plane to revolute, usually 1 mm
wide; petals persistent.

4. Leaves trifoliolate, sometimes simple, with scattered wax platelets on surface;

-seeds reniform, dull (SW WA) subsect 1. Tematae

5. Leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, concolourous, plane sen 1. Tematae

5. Leaflets linear-elliptic, discolourous, margins revolute sen 2. Ericifoliae

4. Leaves unifoliolate or imparipinnate, wax platelets absent or rarely forming a
dense covering on surface; seeds elliptical with adaxial (micropylar) side flattened,
shiny or rarely dull, if seeds dull then leaves plane and discolourous or glabrous
and glaucous, or with 5 or more leaflets (N WA, NT, Qld, NSW, Vic.).

6. Sepals equal to (in length and width) or larger than petals; filaments distinctly
clavate, narrowing suddenly at apex so as to appear truncated before attaching to
anther; antepietalous anthers much larger than antesepalous; seed usually with
prominent ridge on adaxial (micropylar) side, if without then seeds dull and
leaves glabrous and glaucous; inflorescence 1 (-3)- flowered (WA, NT, NW Qld)

subsect. 4. Grandisepalae

7. Plants, other than flowers, glabrous, glaucous; stems, at least when young,
purple and distinctly quadrangular; seeds dull and without ridge on adaxial

(micropylar) side; leaves simple sen 1. Quadrilatae

7. Plants with a stellate indumentum, not glaucous; stems purple to brown, terete
to slightly quadrangular; .seeds shiny, with prominent ridge on adaxial
(micropylar) side; leaves simple or pinnate.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

5

8. Leaves simple; sepals much larger than petals; seed uniformly coloured

(NT) sen 2. Grandisepalae

9. Stellate hairs on prominent stalks (to 1 mm long), rays 0.5-1 mm long;
adaxial surface of sepals glabrous or glabrescent; fruits
glabrous subser. 1. Verecundae

9. Stellate hairs without stalks, or stalks minute, rays minute or to 0.5 mm
long; adaxial surface of sepals densely hirsute; fruits hirsute
subsen 2. Grandisepalae

8. Leaves pinnate, or if simple then sepals equal to petals and seeds mottled
(Kimberley, NT, NW Qld) sen 3. Lanuginosae

10. Leaves simple, trifoliolate, or with 15-55 leaflets, leaflets or leaves

elliptic, lanceolate or rhombic; leaves and branches glabrescent or with a
sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum; seeds mottled
(Kimberley) subsen 3. Filicifoliae

10. Leaves with 3-27 leaflets, leaflets linear; sparsely to densely hirsute
throughout; seeds concolourous, rarely mottled but then leaves trifoliolate
(Kimberley, NT, NW Qld).

11. Leaves petiolate; leaflets linear-elliptic to elliptic, strongly recurved to
revolute, the midrib raised prominently on the abaxial surface; plant

with a sparse simple/stellate to dense stellate

indumentum subsen 1. Lanuginosae

1 1 . Leaves sessile; leaflets linear-elliptic, plane or slightly recurved along
margins, the midrib not raised prominently on the abaxial surface; plant
with a glabrous or with a sparse simple/stellate
indumentum subsen 2. Jucundae

6. Sepals much smaller than petals, if as long then much narrower; fdaments
tapering at apex; anthers isometric after anthesis; seed without prominent ridge
on adaxial (micropylar) side; inflorescence 1 -many-flowered (NT, Qld., NSW,
Vic.).

12. Midribs of petals and leaves not raised on the abaxial surface; rays of stellate

hairs fused, especially on petals (N Qld) subsect 2. Bowmaniae

12. Midribs of petals raised on the abaxial surface; rays of stellate hairs distinct

(NT, Qld, NSW, Vic.) subsect 3. Valvatae

13. Leaves slightly discolourous, glabrous or with a sparse indumentum, rays
ot hairs to 0.5 mm long; simple leaves never sessile.

14. Pendulous shrub growing on vertical cliff faces, petals less than 3 mm

long (NT) sen 3. Rupicolae

14. Erect shrub, petals greater than 3 mm long (Qld, NSW).

15. Abaxial surface of leaves or leaflets without prominently raised
midribs, leaflets narrowly elliptic, elliptic or

oblanceolate sen 1. Erianthae

15. Abaxial surface of leaves or leaflets with prominently raised midrib,

leaflets broadly elliptic-lanceolate sen 2. Fraseriae

13. Leaves strongly discolourous with a dense indumentum on the abaxial
surface, or with a moderately dense indumentum of hairs with rays to 1 mm
long; if leaves simple then sessile.

16. Pendulous shrubs growing on vertical cliff faces; petals less than 3 mm
long; leaves or leaflets plane, the midrib not raised prominently on the

abaxial surface (NT) sen 3. Rupicolae

16. Erect or rarely pendulous shrubs; petals greater than 3 mm long; leaves
or leaflets plane or with a recurved to revolute margin, the midrib usually
raised on the abaxial surface (NT, Qld, NSW, Vic.) sen 4. Valvatae

6

M.F. Duretto

17. Sepals narrowly deltate, abaxial surface with a moderately dense to
dense stellate-pubescence; leaves imparipinnate; if sepals ovate-deltate
then the leaves pinnate and plane, the adaxial surface of the leaflets
glabrescent and a terminal leaflet greater than 8 mm

wide Boronia alulata species-group

17. Sepals ovate-deltate, abaxial surface with a dense indumentum; leaves
simple or rarely pinnate; if leaflets greater than 8 mm wide then adaxial
surface with a sparse to dense indumentum.

18. Leaves simple, without secondary thickening within the slightly
raised midrib, sessile; adaxial surface of petals with a moderate simple

indumentum; inflorescence 1 (-3)- flowered

Boronia rosmarinifolia species-group

18. Leaves simple or pinnate, with secondary thickening in the
prominently raised midrib, petiolate or if sessile then adaxial surface
of petals glabrous; inflorescence 1 -many-flowered.

19. Apex of sepal acuminate, if acute then anther-apiculum large and
reflexed and leaf length: width ratio less than 5.

20. Leaves simple, base attenuate, adaxial surface glabrous or with
few hairs along the midrib; inflorescence l(-3)-
flowered Boronia foetida species-group

20. Leaves simple or pinnate, base usually obtuse, adaxial surface

glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum; inflorescence I-
many-flowered Boronia lanceolata species-group

19. Apex of sepal acute; anther-apiculum absent or minute, if present
then leaf length:width ratio greater than 5.5.

21. Leaves simple, papery on drying, margin finely glandular warty

(N coast NSW) 20. B. chartacea (sp. group incertae sedis)

21. Leaves simple or pinnate, firm, margin smooth (?Qld, NSW,
Vic.) 19. B. ledifolia (sp. group incertae sedis)

Key to the species of Boronia secL Algidae

1 . Leaves simple, terete (SW WA) 4. B. corynophylla

1. Leaves pinnate, leaflets plane (ACT, NSW, Vic., SA).

2. Petals persistent with fruit, leaves 5-7 imparipinnate, petiolate (ACT, NSW,

Vic.) 2. B. algida

2. Petals not persistent with fruit; leaves trifoliolate (very rarely with 5 leaflets), sessile
(SA) 3. B. edwardsii

Key to the species of Boronia secL Valvatae s. str.

1 . Sepals as long or longer than petals.

2. All leaves simple.

3. Plants, other than flowers, glabrous; stems purple and distinctly quadrangular, at
least on young shoots; leaves glaucous; cocci glabrous.

4. Erect shrub growing on ridge tops; leaves sessile; sepals 6-10 mm long, petals

4-5 mm long 43. B. quadrilata

4: Horizontal shrub growing on cliff faces; leaves petiolate; sepals and petals 2.5-3

mm long 44. B. viridiflora

3. Plants sparsely to densely hirsute; stems brown, terete to slightly quadrangular;
leaves not glaucous; cocci glabrous or hirsute.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

1

5. Sepals as large as petals; leaves sometimes trifoliolate when juvenile

(Kimberley) 60. B. pauciflora

5. Sepals much larger than petals; leaves always simple (NT).

6. Stellate hairs prominently stalked, rays 0.5-1 mm long; plants usually less than
50 cm tall; cocci glabrous; seed not striate at magnification.

7. Hairs white and flexuous, new shoots pinkish to white; leaves narrowly

elliptic; adaxial surface of petal glabrous 45. B. verecunda

7: Hairs yellow and straight, new shoots yellow; leaves elliptic; adaxial surface

of petal hirsute 46, B. xanthastrum

6. Stellate hairs without prominent stalks, rays to 0.5 mm long; plants usually
greater than 50 cm tall; cocci hirsute; seed striate at magnification.

8. Older stems with massively developed cork; indumentum of leaves usually

difficult to see with the unaided eye; rays of hairs to 0.1 (-0.3) mm
long 47. B. suberosa

8. Older stems not corky; indumentum of leaves clearly visible to the unaided
eye; rays of hairs 0. 1-0.5 mm long.

9. Plants sprawling, sparsely to moderately hirsute (rarely densely hirsute on
the abaxial leaf-surface only); sepals less than 8 mm long, sometimes
enlarging to 1 1 mm long as fruit matures.

10. Petals 2-2.5 mm long (to 4 mm long with fruit); peduncles 3.5-6(-l 1)

mm long 53. B. aff. prolixa

10. Petals (2.5-)3-4.5 mm long (4—5 mm long with fruit), but if less than
3 mm long, then peduncle 0.5-2.5 mm long.

1 1 . Peduncles 0.5-2.5(^) mm long.

12. Hairs much denser on the abaxial surface of leaf than on adaxial,
leaves less than 4 mm wide; sepals 3.5^ mm long (enlarging to 6

mm long as fruit matures) 51. B. aff. laxa 2

1 2. Hair equally dense on adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf, leaves
usually greater than 4 mm wide; sepals 4—8 mm long (enlarging to
7-1 1 mm long as fruit matures)

13. Sepals 4—6 mm long (enlarging to 7-8 mm as fruit matures)

49. B. laxa

13. Sepals 6.5-8 mm long (enlarging to 11 mm as fruit

matures) 50. B. aff. laxa 1

1 1 . Peduncles 6-2 1 mm long.

14. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, the larger one much greater than 4

mm wide (smaller leaves sometimes present); lamina of leaf hairy,
rays of stellate hairs not appressed 52. B. prolixa

14. Leaves narrowly elliptic, to 4 mm wide; lamina of leaf often
glabrous to glabrescent, rays of stellate hairs

appressed 54. B. amplectens

9. Plants erect (rarely sprawling but then with a hoary, dense indumentum),
with a moderately dense to dense indumentum; sepals greater than 7 mm
long, if less than 7 mm long then plant densely hirsute.

15. Plants grey in appearance with a very dense indumentum, leaf

epidermis not visible 48. B. grandisepala

15. Plants with a moderately dense indumentum, ieaf epidermis visible.

16. Petals greater than 4 mm long (enlarging to 5-6 mm long as fruit

matures) 48. B. grandisepala

16. Petals less than 4 mm long (enlarging to 5 mm long as fruit
matures) 50. B. aff. laxa 1

8

M.F. Duretto

2. Pinnate leaves present.

17. Juvenile leaves sometimes trifoliolate, adult leaves simple; simple leaves or

leaflets never linear, glabrescent or glabrous 60. B. pauciflora

17. Leaves with 3-55 leaflets, though first few leaves on a branch may be simple;
leaflets often linear, indumentum sparse to dense.

18. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets plane, elliptic to oblanceolate; plant with a dense,

stellate indumentum (SW WA) 7. B. adamsiana

18. Leaves with 3-55 linear to narrowly elliptic, or rhombic leaflets, the margins
plane to revolute; plants glabrescent or with a sparse to dense simple and/or
stellate indumentum (Kimberley, NT, Qld).

19. Sepals never as wide as the petals; inflorescence cymose with (l-)3-9
flowers; peduncle present; indumentum dense (NE and NW Qld).

20. Leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, (l-)3-7 mm wide (NE Qld)
29. B. quinkanensis

20. Leaflets linear to narrowly elliptic, c. 1 mm wide (NW Qld)
30. B. hoipolloi

19. Sepals as wide or wider than petals; flower almost always solitary; peduncle
absent or minute; indumentum sparse to dense (Kimberley, NT, NW Qld).

21. Most leaves with more than 25 leaflets; leaflets elliptic to rhombic.

22. Terminal leaflets (l.5-)3-8 mm long, lateral leaflets 0.5-5 mm long;
anthopodium (2-)6-21 mm long; abaxial surface of sepals glabrous or
with few hairs at base 62. B. filicifolia

22. Terminal leaflets 1-3 mm long, lateral leaflets 0.5- 1.5 mm long;

anthopodium 1—6 mm long; abaxial surface of sepals with a sparse
indumentum 63. B. minutipinna

21. Most leaves with fewer than 25 leaflets per leaf; leaflets linear to elliptic.

23. Leaves sessile; leaflets linear-elliptic, plane or slightly recurved along
margins; lamina glabrescent or with a sparse, stellate indumentum.

24. Branches obviously glandular; leaves trifoliolate 59. B. jucunda

24. Branches eglandular; leaves (3-)5-7(-9)-foliolate.

25. Plants decumbent, with a sparse to moderately dense, simple
indumentum, stellate hairs rare; leaflet-margins slightly recurved

57. B. decumbens

25. Plants erect, with a sparse stellate indumentum; leaflets plane

58. B. tolerans

23. Leaves petiolate, though petiole sometimes as small as c. 0.5 mm long;
leaflets linear-elliptic to elliptic, the margins plane or recurved to revolute;
lamina glabrescent or with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum.

26. Sepals 3.5—6 mm long, of the same size as or slightly larger than
petals; petals 2.5^ mm long; anthopodium 7-24 mm long; with a

sparse to moderately dense indumentum 61. B. kalumburuensis

26. Sepals (4-)5-15 mm long, usually much larger than petals; petals 3-10
mm long; anthopodium 3-6(-10) mm long; indumentum sparse to
dense.

27. Leaflets linear to narrowly elliptic, so revolute that abaxial surface
not usually visible; sepals (4-)5-14 mm long, glabrous or with a
sparse to dense indumentum (NT, rarely E Kimberley, E of Ord River,

NW Qld) 55. B. lanuginosa

27. Leaflets elliptic to lanceolate, abaxial surface visible; sepals 5-9 mm
long, with a dense indumentum (Kimberley, W of Ord River, rarely W
NT in the Victoria R. area) 56. B. wilsonii

Boronia sect. Valvatae

9

1 . Sepals shorter than ]3etals.

28. Stellate hairs, especially on petals, with fused rays and often appearing peltate;
abaxial surface of sepals glabrous; plants glabrous or with a sparse indumentum;
leaves pinnate (N Qld).

29. Leaflets linear; branches distinctly glandular; abaxial surface of petals with a
sparse indumentum 10. B. bowmanii

29. Leaflets elliptic; branches not obviously glandular; abaxial surface of petals with

a den.se indumentum, scaly in appearance 11. B. squamipetala

28. Stellate hairs with distinct rays or absent; abaxial surface of sepals glabrous or with
a sparse to dense indumentum; plant glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum;
leaves simple or pinnate (NT, Qld, NSW, Vic., SW WA).

30. Pendulous shrubs growing on cliff faces; petals 2-2.5 mm long; leaves or leaflets
plane, without a prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface (NT)
20. B. rupicola

30. Erect or rarely pendulous shrubs; petals greater than 3 mm long, if shorter then
leaves with a prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface or with 15 or more
leaflets, or leaflets less than 1 mm wide; leaf plane or with a recurved to revolute
margin, the midrib usually raised on the abaxial surface (NT, Qld, NSW, Vic., SW
WA).

31. Pinnate leaves present.

32. Both surfaces of adult leaves with a dense indumentum (no epidermis
visible).

33. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets plane, concolourous (SW WA)...,.6. B. ternata

33. Leaves (l-)5-25-foliolate; leaflets slightly to strongly discolourous,
leaflet-margins slightly recurved to strongly revolute (Qld).

34. Sepals ovate, 1 .5 to 2 times as long as wide, the apex acuminate (central

Qld) 31. B. duiganiae

34. Sepals narrowly debate, at least 2.5 times as long as wide, the apex acute
(NE and NW Qld).

35. Leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, (l-)3-7 mm wide; sepals 3-5 mm

long (NE Qld) 29. B. quinkanensis

35. Leaflets linear to narrowly elliptic, c. 1 mm wide; sepals 2-3.5 mm

long (NW Qld) 30. B. hoipolioi

32. Adaxial surface of leaves without a dense indumentum (epidermis visible),
abaxial surface of leaves glabrous or with a sparse to dense indumentum.

36. Leaflets strongly discolourous, indumentum of the abaxial surface dense
and concealing the epidermis.

37. Sepals narrowly debate, at least 2.5 times as long as wide, the apex acute.

38. Leaves trifoliolate (Blackdown Tblds of central Qld, SW WA).

39. Leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, the margins recurved to slightly
revolute, the abaxial surface visible and with a raised midrib

(Blackdown Tblds of Central Qld) 27. B. obovata

39. Leaflets linear, the margins revolute, concealing abaxial surface, the
midrib not raised on the abaxial surface (SW WA).

40. Leaves sessile 8. B. ericifolia

40. Leaves petiolate 9. B. revoluta

38. Leaves (l-3)5-17-foliolate (NSW, N or SE Qld).

41. Largest terminal leaflet greater than 20 mm long; largest lateral
leaflet greater than 18 mm long; all leaflets 10-15 mm wide; petals

7-8 mm long (NSW) 24. B. umbellata

41. Largest terminal leaflet usually less than 20 (to 25) mm long; largest

10

M.F. Duretto

lateral leaflet less than 18 mm long; all leaflets 1-9 mm wide; petals
3-12 mm long (NSW, Qld).

42. Leaflets less than 5 mm wide; petals 3-7 mm long, adaxial surface
with a dense indumentum; abaxial surface of perianth often

glabrous; anther-apiculum absent (N Qld) 28. B. alulata

42. Widest leaflets greater than 5 mm wide; petals (6-)8-12 mm long,
adaxial surface with a sparse indumentum; abaxial surface of
perianth never glabrous; anther-apiculum present though sometimes
minute (NSW, SE Qld).

43. Largest leaflet usually less than 15 mm long; anthopodia
3-6(-10) mm long; cocci less than 6 mm long, glabrous; abaxial
surface of petals with a moderately dense to dense indumentum;
inflorescence 1-7-flowered; growing on granite (SE Qld)

26. B. amabilis

43. Largest leaflet larger than 15 mm long; largest anthopodia
usually 10 or more mm long; cocci c. 6 mm long, glabrous or with
a moderately dense indumentum; abaxial surface of petal with a
sparse or moderately dense indumentum; inflorescence 1-3-
flowered; growing on sandstone or granite (NSW)

23. B. angustisepala

37. Sepals ovate, 1 .5 to 2 times as long as wide, the apex acute or acuminate.

44. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets linear, the margins strongly revolute,
concealing the abaxial surface (SW WA).

45. Leaves sessile 8. B. ericifolia

45. Leaves petiolate 9. B. revoluta

44. Leaves 1-1 1-foliolate, when trifoliolate leaflet-lamina elliptic, plane

or with a recurved to revolute margin but the abaxial surface visible
(Qld, NSW, Vie.).

46. Leaves of juvenile plants trifoliolate for several nodes, otherwise

simple, the lamina plane or margin slightly recurved; peduncle less
than 2 mm long; anthopodium 1-5 mm long; petals 5-7 mm long
(Qld) 32. B. odorata

46. Leaves imparipinnate, sometimes the more distal leaves unifoliolate,
lamina plane or the margin recurved to revolute; peduncle (l-)2-10
mm long; anthopodium 7-11 mm long; petals (5-)8.5-12 mm long
(Qld, NSW, Vic.).

47. Sepals acuminate or acute, 3.5—5 mm long, 2—3 mm wide; adaxial
surface of leaves with a sparse to dense indumentum (Qld)

31. B. duiganiae

47. Sepals acute, less than 3 mm long and 2 mm wide; adaxial surface
of leaves glabrous or with a sparse indumentum (NSW, Vic.)

21. B. ledifolia

36. Leaflets slightly discolourous or concolourous, indumentum of the abaxial
surface not dense and not concealing the epidermis.

48. Plant glabrous apart from the adaxial surface of the petals and stamens;
leaflets less than 1 mm wide; sepals less than 1.5 mm long; petals

deciduous, 3.5— 4.5 mm long (E Kimberley) 5. B. anomala

48. Indumentum present, sometimes present only on the perianth; leaflets
usually greater than 1 mm wide; sepals 2—5 mm long; petals persistent,
2.5-12 mm long (W Kimberley, SW WA, Qld, NSW).

49. Leaves with (5-) 15-55 leaflets; petals 2.5-4 mm long (W Kimberley)

61. B. filicifolia

Boronia sect. Valvatae

II

49. Leaves 1 15-foliolate or up to 25-foliolate and then leaves with a dene
stellate indumentum; petals 4-12 mm long (SW WA, Qld, NSW).

50. Midrib not raised on the abaxial surface of the leaflets.

51. Leaves trifoliolate, sessile or rarely with a petiole to 2 mm long;
leaflets plane (even after drying), concolourous (SW WA)

B. ternata

51. Leaves l-15-foliolate; petiole (l-)2-15 mm long; leaflets plane or
margin recurved to recurved, slightly discolourous (Qld, NSW).

52. Sepals narrowly ovate-deltate, at least as twice as a long as wide.

53. Leaves glabrescent or with a sparse indumentum; stellate
hairs unstalked, yellowish; rays of stellate hairs less than 0.25
mm long, more or less straight, shiny
15. B. aff. granitica (Bolivia Hill)

53. Leaves with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum;

stellate hairs sometimes stalked, grey-white; rays of stellate
hairs, to 0.5 mm long, flexuous and dull 16. B. granitica

52. Sepals ovate-deltate, less than twice as a long as wide.

54. Widest leaflet greater than 3 mm wide; peduncle 2-10 mm

long, rachis segments 2—12 mm long; leaves sometimes
trifoliolate, or sometimes younger distal leaves unifoliolate
(NSW) 12. B. rubiginosa

54. Widest leaflet less than 3 mm wide; peduncle less than 3 mm
long; rachis segments 3-5 mm long; leaves rarely 1-3-foliolate
and then at first few nodes of branch only (Qld, NSW).

55. Branchlets with prominent hemispherical glands; abaxial
surface of sepals glabrous to glabrescent, or rarely (in N Qld)
with a dense indumentum; jjetals 6-12 mm long (Qld)

13. B. eriantha

55. Branchlets not obviously glandular; abaxial surface of
sepals with a moderately dense to dense indumentum; pietals

5— 7 mm long (NSW) 14. B. warnimbunglensis

50. Midrib raised on the abaxial surface of the leaflets.

56. Leaves with a moderately dense indumentum; rays of stellate hairs

0.1-0.75(-l) mm long (NSW) 25. B. mollis

56. Leaves glabrous or glabrescent; rays of stellate hairs to 0 25 mm
long (NSW, Qld)

57. Stems sharply quadrangular; stems and inflorescence glabrous
or with a sparse indumentum; sepal tip acute (NSW)

B. fraseri

57. Stems terete to slightly quadrangular; stems and inflorescence
with a moderately dense to dense indumentum; sepal tip

acuminate (Qld) 19 ^ jj

31. All leaves simple or unifoliolate.

58. Petiole absent or to 2 mm long; lamina plane (even on drying), concolourous;
the midrib not raised on the abaxial surface, not impressed on the adaxial

surface; seed reniform, dull (SW WA) 5 . b. temata

58. Petiole absent or to 16 mm long; lamina plane or with margin recurved to
revolute, discolourous; the midrib raised or not on the abaxial surface,
impressed or not on the adaxial surface; seed elliptic in outline, dorsal side
flattened, shiny, rarely dull (NT, Qld, NSW, Vic.).

59. Leaves sessile.

12

M.F. Duretto

60. Leaf with glandular punctate margin; sepals narrowly ovate-deltate, at
least as twice as a long as wide; rays of stellate hairs usually dull and

flexuous 17. B. repanda

60. Leaf with smooth margin; sepals ovate-deltate, less than twice as a long
as wide; rays of stellate hairs shiny and usually more or less straight.

61. Leaves usually glabrescent, slightly discolourous, rarely (Pilliga Scrub
of NSW) with a dense, minute indumentum on both surfaces; fruit

hirsute (inland Qld, western slopes of NSW) 38. B. glabra

61. Leaves strongly discolourous, adaxial surface of leaves glabrous and
shiny, abaxial surface with a dense, stellate indumentum; fruit glabrous
or densely hirsute (Qld, N coast of NSW).

62. Petals (6-)8-13 mm long; sepals (2.5-)3-6 mm long, (2-)3— 4 mm
wide; style glabrous or hirsute.

63. Leaves l-2(— 4) mm wide, the margins strictly revolute; anther-
apiculum usually large and reflexed; style glabrous or hirsute;
stellate hairs with rays to 0. 1 mm long 35. B. splendida

63. Leaves 2-6 mm wide, plane or the margin recurved, sometimes
revolute on drying; anther-apiculum absent or minute; style
glabrous; stellate hairs with rays to 0.5 mm long
36. B. palasepala

62. Petals 4—7.5 mm long; sepals 2-A mm long, 1-2 mm wide; style
glabrous.

64. Adaxial surface of petals glabrous or glabrescent; largest leaves

greater than 35 mm long 40. B. excelsa

64. Adaxial surface of petals with a sparse to moderately dense,
simple indumentum; largest leaves usually less than 35 mm long.

65. Fruit glabrous or with a sparse indumentum, very rarely densely
hirsute; anther-apiculum reflexed; stems terete to slightly
quadrangular; sepals 2-4.5 mm long; f>etals 5-7.5 mm long
(coastal and near coastal SE Qld and NSW)

34. B. rosmarinifolia

65. Fruit densely hirsute; anther-apiculum erect; stems
quadrangular; sepals 2-2.5 mm long; petals 4—6 mm long (central

and inland Qld) 37. B. forsteri

59. Leaves petiolate or base so attenuate so as to appear petiolate.

66. Leaves glabrous or with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum on
the abaxial surface, only slightly discolourous.

67. Leaves with prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface,
lanceolate to elliptic, the apex acute (Qld) 19. B. keysii

67. Leaves without a prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface,
oblanceolate or spathulate to elliptic, the apex obtuse (NSW)
12. B. rubiginosa

66. Adult leaves strongly discolourous, with a dense indumentum (epidermis
not visible) on the abaxial surface (juvenile leaves not so).

68. Adaxial surface of leaves glandular warty; leaf-margins glandular

toothed; leaves not firm, papery when dry 22. B. cbartacea

68. Adaxial surface and margins of leaves smooth; leaves firm.

69. Staminal filaments glabrous or with 1 to 3 simple hairs; petals

2-5.5(-7 with fruit) mm long (NT, NW Qld) 33. B. lanceolata

69. Staminal filaments moderately dense to densely pilose; petals 5-12
mm long (E Qld, NSW, Vic.).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

13

70. Adaxial surface of petals glabrous or glabrescent.

71. Leaves narrowly elliptic, widest leaves less than 6 mm wide (N

Qld) 40. B. exceisa

71. Leaves elliptic, widest leaves greater than 6 mm wide (SE Qld).

72. Sepals less than 3 mm long (before fruit development); petals
6-8 mm long; peduncles 2-3 mm long (Mt Walsh of Qld)

41. B. foetida

72. Sepals 4.5-5 mm long (before fruit development); petals 9-10
mm long; peduncles to 0.5(-2) mm long (Many Peaks Ra. of

Qld) 42. B. bella

70. Adaxial surface of petals with a sparse to moderately dense
indumentum of simple hairs.

73. Sepal acuminate; leaf base strongly attenuate, adaxial surface
glabrous or with few hairs along midrib (Hinchinbrook Is. of N

Qld) 39. B. jensziae

73. Sepals acute, sometimes acuminate; adaxial surface of leaves
with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum; leaf base
usually obtuse (central Qld, NSW, Vic.).

74. Leaf-lamina elliptic, plane or margin slightly recurved
(becoming revolute on drying); peduncle less than 2 mm long;
anthopodium 1-5 mm long; petals 5-7 mm long (central inland

Qld) 32. B. odorata

74. Leaf-lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, plane or margin

recurved to revolute; peduncle (l-)2-10 mm long;
anthopodium 7-11 mm long; petals (5-) 8.5-12 mm long
(central coastal ?Qld, NSW, Vic.) 21. B. ledifoiia

Boronia sect 1. Alatae Duretto, sect. nov. Pili stellati absente. Inflorescentia paniculata,
terminalis. Sepala alternae. Petala reduplicatae, persistentes. Semina tristia, brunnea.
Sp. typica: B. alata Sm.

Growth anthotelic, seasonal growth unit not pseudodichotomous. Stellate hairs absent,
simple hairs erect. Branches with decurrent leaf bases. Leaves imparipinnate, sometimes
bipinnate, conduplicate, dorsiventral; the margins denticulate, plane to slightly recurved;
the midrib raised slightly on the abaxial surface, spongy mesophyll continuous under
midvein. Inflorescence a large, many-flowered determinate panicle with smaller units in
axils of leaves immediately below terminal unit; prophylls and metaxyphylls persistent.
Sepals imbricate or opposite-decussate, appearing to be in two whorls, whorls separating
as the flower matures, persistent with mature fruit. Petals reduplicate in bud, explanate
(spread out flat) at anthesis, the midrib not raised on the abaxial surface, tip not inflexed,
persistent, after anthesis petals become leathery and encase fruit. Stamens 8, all fertile,
persistent; filaments pilose below glandular tip; antesepalous filaments longer than
antepetalous; anthers all equal, antepetalous anthers sometimes with appressed simple
hairs. Disc glabrous. Gynoecium densely puberulous; style terminal on ovary; stigma
globular, wider than style. Seed elliptical in outline, dull, usually brown, without ridge on
adaxial side, surface at magnification tuberculate; tubercles unicellular, flat topped;
placental endocarp, thin, yellow-white.

A monotypic section of coastal south-western Western Australia (Fig. 1), characterised
by imparipinnate or sometimes bipinnate leaves, elliptic leaflets, a terminal paniculate
inflorescence, and reduplicate petals that are persistent with mature fruit.

14

M.F. Duretto

I. Boronia alata Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 8: 283 (1807).Type citation:
“Discovered at King George’s Sound, on the West Coast of New Holland, latitude
35°, by Mr. Archibald Menzies”. Type: King George’s Sound, on the West Coast of
New Holland, lat. 35° [c. 35°S 118°E, Western Australia], Mr. A. Menzies, 1803
(lectotype, here designated, LINN 684.3, n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041242, NSW,
PERTH); isolectotype LIV n.v. (photograph CANB)); West Coast of New Holland,
/(. Menzies, 1792 (possible residual syntype BM n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041236,
NSW, PERTH)).

Zanthoxylum oppositifolium DC., Prodr. 1; 728 (1824). Type citation: “in Nova-
Hollandia. (v.s. in sine fl. ex Mus. Par.).” Type: n.v, equated with B. alata by
Bentham, Fl. austr. 1; 312 (1863). [Boronia candollei G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 793
(1831) [B. candoUii sphalm]-, an illegitimate substitute for Zanthoxylum
oppositifolium DC.]

Boronia alata var. bipinnata F. Muell., Fragm. 9: 1 1 1 (1875). Type citation: “Drumm.
89”. Type: W.A., Drummond 89 (holotype MEL 249151).

Boronia vilhelmii Domin, Vestn. Krdl. Ceske Spolecn. Nauk, Tr. Mat.-Phr. 2: 51
(1923). Type citation: “W.A.: Yallingup and Cape Naturaliste. A. A. DORRIEN-
SMITH (herb. Kew).” Type: n.v, equated with B. alata by A.D. Chapman, Austral. PI.
Name Index A-C, 440 (1991).

Illustrations: R. Sweet, Fl. australus., 48 (1827-8); A. Engler m A. Engler and K.
Prantl (Eds), Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2 19A: 251, Figs 107E-H (1931); Marchant etal.
Fl Perth Region Pt 1; 478 (1987); M.G. Corrick and B.A. Fuhrer, Wddflowers of
Southern Western Australia, 192 fig. 653 (1996); J. Wheeler, Wddflowers of the South
Coast, 6\ (1996).

Erect or in exposed areas prostrate, much branched shrub to 2.5 m tall and wide,
resprouting from rootstalk, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. Simple hairs firm, erect, sinooth,
straight, shiny. Branches slightly to sharply quadrangular, eglandular, the hairs denser
between decurrent leaf bases. Leaves 15-65 mm long, 10-40 mm wide m outline, with
( 3 _) 7_13 leaflets, not obviously glandular, lower leaves of branches usually bipinnate and
lower pinnae with 3-5 leaflets; petiole 4-18 mm long, winged; rachis segments 3-15 mm
long, 1-2 mm wide, winged, widest at the distal end; leaflets discolourous, paler beneath,
elliptic to oblanceolate, sessile, the apex acute to obtuse, epicuticular wax platelets
absent, glabrous or with few hairs on the midrib, the midrib impressed on the adaxia
surface; terminal leaBet 5-20 mm long, 13-7 mm wide, shorter than laterals; latera
leaBets (2-)6-22 mm long, (l-)3-9 mm wide. Peduncle 2-24 mm long; prophylls and
metaxyphylls minutely unifoliolate, 0.5-3 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide; secondary branches
of inflorescence 2-10 mm long; anthopodium 3-13 mm long. Sepals n^ow y dellate
2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, ciliolate, not enlarging significantly as truit
matures. Petals pink, 7-12 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures;
adaxial surface sparsely pubescent, the hairs concentrated on the midrib; abaxial surtaee
glabrous or with few scattered simple hairs. Filaments clavate, tapering at apex,
antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, the distal 0.5 mm prominently glabrous-glandular,
antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; anthers attached to the ^x
of the filament, abaxial surface not frosty; anther-apiculum large and erect, glabrous, isc
entirely within stamen whorl. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, moderately den.se to
densely hirsute. Seed 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, without ridge on adaxial side.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

15

tubercles 10-44 miti across, irregularly fused, surface smooth, anticlinal walls not visible.
Winged Boronia, or Winged-Leaved Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 80 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST
BOTANICAL PROVINCE; DRUMMOND REGION: Rottnest Is., Nancy Cove, /./?. Telford 6733
and G. Butler, 12.viii.l977 (CANB); Mundaring Weir, 27 km E. of Perth, R. Tate (AD); Limestone
cliffs. Minim Cove, Swan R. near Leighton, L. Glauert (PERTH); Garden Is., 32°1 1’E 1 15°21’S,
B.T. Goadby, iii.1940 (PERTH); MENZIES and WARREN REGIONS: Cape Naturaliste, W side
of Cape and Lighthouse 33°34’S 1 1 5°00’E, R. W. Purdie 4088, 1 0.xi. 1 990 (CANB, PERTH); Near
Cape Leeuwin lighthouse, 34°22’S 115°10’E, M.F. Duretto 242-243 and M. Bayly, 27.viii.1992
(MFD242: MEL; MFD243: CANB, MEL); Cottesloe, L Glauert, x.1925 (PERTH); Yallingup,
33°39’S 1 15°01’E, G. Coghill I, 7.ix.l924 (AD, CANB); Black Rock, Redgate foreshore, 13 km
SW of Margaret R., 34°00’S 1 15°00’E, R.D. Spencer 209 and N. Walsh, 2.ii.l989 (MEL); Point
d’Entrecasteaux, T.E.H. Aplin 1449, 12.xii.l961 (PERTH); Rocky Bay near Walpole, C. Andrews,
IX. 1902 (PERTH); Shelly Beach; West Cape Howe, 30 km W of Albany, G.J. Keighery 9936,
10.xi.l986 (PERTH); Gull Rock Lake, 7 km S of Gull Rock Rd from intersection with Albany-
Nanarup Rd, 12 km due E of Albany, 35°00’13”S 118°00’00”E, N. Hoyle 1507, 29.X.1985
(PERTH); King George Sound, Robert Brown, xii.1801 (CANB, MEL); EYRE REGION: 10 km
W. of Esperance on coast, 33°52’S 121°47’E, P.G. Wilson 10050, 2.X.1970 (CANB, PERTH)-
Dempster Hill, Esperance, J.H. Willis, 16.xi.l950 (MEL); Middle Is., Recherche Archipelago!
34°06’S 123°10’E, A.S. Weston 8662 and M.E. Trudgeon, 14.xi.l973 (PERTH); Eclipse Is., 6 km’
from mainland, 35°I I’S 1 17°53’E, Boden and Forshaw, 18. i. 1975 (CANB, PERTH).

Typification: One collection is cited in the protologue of B. alata. Smith’s herbarium is
now lodged at LINN and a partial duplicate set is lodged at LIV (Edmondson 1993).
Specimens matching the specimen cited have been located at LINN and LIV. As the
LINN collection is fertile (the LIV specimen is infertile) and in better condition it is here
designated the lectotype. Another specimen of note, ‘West Coast of New Holland,
Menzies, 1 792 (BM), could be considered a possible residual syntype.

Synonymy. Mueller (1875, p. 1 1 1) described B. alata var. bipinnata, a bipinnate variety,
from a specimen collected by Drummond. Boronia alata is a remarkably uniform species,
and most specimens have bipinnate leaves on the lower parts of the branches, and
accordingly Mueller’s variety is placed in synonymy.

Notes: Boronia alata occupies an isolated position in Boronia, but is probably sister
along with Boronia sect. Algidae, to Boronia sect. Valvatae s. str. (Duretto and Ladiges
1999). The reduplicate petals (with margins bent abruptly outward with inner faces
touching without overlapping) give the flower bud a four- winged appearance which is
unique in Boronia.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia alata occurs in coastal and near coastal areas from
Perth to Esperance and the adjacent islands including the Recherche Archipelago South-
west Botanical Province, Western Australian (Fig. 1). The species has rarely been
collected between Albany to Esperance. Boronia alata grows mainly on calcareous soils
and IS found on the basins and orogens bordering the Yilgarn Craton (as outlined by
Trendall, 1990). The Yilgam Craton itself is made up of granites, gneisses and other
metamorphics and underlies a large part of the South-west Botanical Province, including
most coastal areas between Albany and Esperance. The rocks of the Yilgam Craton
probably do not provide suitable habitat for B. alata. Boronia alata grows down to the
surf-spray zone where it is often prostrate, it otherwise can form monotypic and dense
stands, or be part of the shrubby understorey Eucalyptus L’Herit. or Corymbia K.D. Hill
& L.A.S. Johnson woodland or forest. Flowering and fmiting: September-February.

Conservation status: Common and widespread, found in various reserves and not under
threat, except in the Perth region.

16

M.F. Duretto

Boronia sect. 2. Algidae Duretto, sect. nov. Pili stellati absente. Ramificatio
pseudodichotoma. Inflorescentia cymosa, terminalis; bracteae glumacei. Sepala
altemae. Petala valvata. Semina tristia. Sp. typica: B. algida F. Muell.

Growth anthotelic, seasonal growth unit pseudcxiichotomous. Stellate hairs absent,
simple hairs erect. Branches with decurrent leaf ba.ses. Leaves simple or imparipinnate,
conduplicate, dorsiventral, margin entire, lamina plane or sub-terete; the midrib not raised
on the abaxial surface, spongy mesophyll continuous under midvein. Inflorescence
terminal, cymose, l(-3)-flowered; peduncle absent, rarely to 0.5 mm long; prophylls and
metaxyphylls persistent, glumaceous. Sepals opposite-decussate, whorls not separating
as flower matures, persistent with mature fruit. Petals valvate in bud, explanate (spread
out flat) at anthesis, persistent and enclosing mature fruit {B. algida) or caducous (B.
edwardsii), the midrib not raised on the abaxial surface, tip not inflexed. Stamens 8, all
fertile, persistent or caducous; filaments glabrous or pilose (B. corynophylla), the distal
end glandular, antesepalous filaments longer than antepetalous filaments; anthers equal,
glabrous. Disc glabrous. Gynoecium glabrous or puberulous (B. corynophylla)-, style
terminal on ovary; stigma globular and much wider than the style or scarcely wider than
the style (B. corynophylla). Seed elliptical, adaxial side slightly flattened, without ridge,
dull, grey to black, with or without tubercles; placental endocarp thin, yellow-white.

A section with three species, B. algida in New South Wales and Victoria, B. edwardsii
in South Australia, and B. corynophylla in south-western Australia (Fig. 1). The section
is characterised by the pseudodichotomous branching, sheathing and brown prophylls,
imbricate sepals and valvate petals.

2. Boronia algida F. Muell., Trans. Philos. Soc. Victoria 1: 100 (1 855). Type citation: On
the highest stony declivities of our Alps; for instance on Mt Hotham, Mount La
Trobe, and Mount Kosciusko”. Type: Australian Alps: Near the summits of Mount
Hotham [36°59’S 147°08’E] and Mount Latrobe [= Mt Loch, 36°57’S 147°09’E] at
the height of about 5 or 6000’ [1524-1829 m] [Victoria], F. Mueller, xii.1854
(lectotypie, bere designated, MEL 2041200)', Australian Alps, F. Mueller (probable
isolectotype BM n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041237, NSW)); Mount Hotham, 5-
6000’ [36°59’S 147°08’E, Vic.], F. Mueller (probable isolectotype K n.v.
(cibachrome MEL 2041205-, photograph AD 99548109), MEL 258132, MEL
258133): Declivities of Mount Hotham [36°59’S I47°08’E, Vic.], F. Mueller ?
(possible isolectotype MEL 258136); Mt Latrobe [= Mt Loch, 36°57 S 147°09 E,
Vic.] , 5(XK) ft, F. Mueller (probable isolectotype TCD).

Illustrations: N.C. Burbidge and M. Gray, FI. Australian Capital Territory 241, fig.
235 (1970); J.H. Willis, B.A. Fuhrer and E.R. Rotherman, Field Guide to the Flowers
and Plants of Victoria 275, t. 396 (1975); L. Cronin, Concise Austral. FL, 80 (1989);
A. Fairley and P. Moore, Native Plants of the Sydney District, 234, t 807 (1989); P.H.
Weston and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 231 (1991).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Hairs, firm, smooth,
straight, shiny. Branches terete to slightly quadrangular, glandular, moderately dense to
densely hirsute, the hairs denser between the decurrent leaf bases, sometimes the areas
not between the decurrent leaf bases glabrous. Leaves 8-15 mm long, 4-5 mm wide,
glandular, glabrous or with few hairs on the midrib, imparipinnate, with (3-)5-7(-9)
leaflets; petiole 0.5-1 mm long, sometimes winged; rachis 1^ mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide,
segments winged, widest at the distal end; leaflets sessile to sub.sessile, petiolule to 0.5
mm long, lamina oblanceolate, the apex obtuse to deeply emarginate, discolourous, paler

Boronia sect. Valvatae

17

beneath, epicuticular wax platelets absent; the midrib not impressed on the adaxial
surface; terminal leaflet shorter than laterals, 2-8 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, the midrib
± reflexed; lateral leaflets 2-9 mm long, 1^.5 mm wide. Inflorescence glabrous or
sparsely (rarely moderately dense) puberulous; prophylls and metaxyphylls brown, 1 .5-3
mm long, 1-2 mm wide, ciliolate; anthopodium 0.5-5 mm long. Sepals broadly ovate-
deltate, 1-2.5 mm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm wide, acute, glabrous or ciliolate, not enlarging
significantly as fruit matures. Petals pink or white, 4-7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide,
persistent, enlarging slightly to enclose mature fruit, adaxial surface glabrous or with a
sparsely to moderately dense puberulous, abaxial surface glabrous. Stamens persistent;
filaments clavate, glabrous, tapering apex; antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the
distal c. 0.5 mm prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments 0.5-1 mm long,
tuberculate; anthers attcahed to the apex of the filament or subapical, abaxial surface not
frosty; anther-apiculum absent or minute to large, erect to reflexed. Disc entirely within
stamen whorl. Cocci 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, glabrous. Seed 2-2.5 mm long,
1—1.5 mm wide, surface at magnification tuberculate; tubercles erect, firm or collapsed,
unicellular, not fused, surface textured or smooth, tips flat, anticlinal walls ± visible.
Alpine Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 80 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES; NORTHERN
TABLELANDS: Tungsten via Deepwater, T.D. Lynch, x.1913 (NSW); Silent Grove, c. 22 miles N
of Emmaville, C.F. Constable 2033, 27. xi. 1962 (MEL, NSW); Raspberry Look Out, c. 60 km NE
of Glen Innes via Gwydir Hwy, Gibralter Range NP, 29°33.5’S 152°15’05”E, P. Hind 5246 and G.
D’Aubert, 5.viii.l987 (NSW); 3 miles c. E of Backwater by road, 18 miles NE of Guyra, 30°05’S
151°55’E, D.J. McGillivray and R. Coveny 3606, 21.iv.l971 (CANB); CENTRAL
TABLELANDS: Near Winbomale Dam, E of Bathurst, G. and C.K. Ingram, 13.xii.l964 (NSW);
SOUTHERN TABLELANDS (including the A.C.T.): Moreton NP, c. 61 km from Braid wood on
Braidwood-Nowra Rd, 35°05’S 150°08’E, K. O’Ryan 31 and R. Windsor, 13.viii.l984 (CANB,
MEL); Mittagong, R.L Badgery, x.1969 (NSW); Tolwong turn off, Nerriga-Jervis Bay Rd, R.
Pullen 2024, 8.ii.I972 (CANB); Tinderry Mts, 13.2 km ESE (by road) of Michelago on the
JerangleRd, 35°44’S 149°16’E,R. Coveny 6335, P Hind mdM. Parris, 17.V.1975 (CANB); Kydra
Reefs, 36°23’S 149°20’E, M.D. Tindale 4012, M. Parris and D. Wimbush, 17.i.l975 (CANB);
Slopes of Brindabella Range along Bundora Dam, Cotter River District, R. Pullen 2987, 6.xii. 1 961
(CANB, MEL); Wadbilliga NP, 400 m W of Kydra, 36°24’30”S 149°30’ 10”E, J.D. Briggs and M.
Parris 2079, 28.x. 1986 (CANB); Ridge Top 70 m S of trig point, Wog Wog Mtn, Nalbaugh NP,
37°05.5’S 149°25.5’E, J.D. Briggs and P. Weston 1810, 26.iii.1985 (CANB); Schlink Pass Rd,
Snowy Mts, Kosciusko 210861, J.I. Raine ANUI0385, 4.xii.l972 (CANB); SOUTH COAST:
Pebbly Beach a few miles N of Batemans Bay, G. Armstrong 1968A and B, 22.viii.1972 (NSW);
VICTORIA: Valley below The Castle and near Whale Rock, Mt Buffalo, R. Melville 2629,
29.xii.1952 (MEL); Mt Hotham area, 36°59’20”S 147°09’30”E, V46, S.J. Forbes 411, 20.xi.l979
(CANB, MEL); Nunniong Plateau, Brumby Point, 37°03’ 16”S 148°04’38”E, M.G. Corrick 10173,
2.i.l987 (MEL); Mt Wellington (S36), A.C. Beauglehole ACB41139, 8.i.l973 (MEL); Bogong
High Plains, creek draining Little Round Plain to western tributary of Kiewa R., western branch,
36°52’10”S 147°1 1’30”E, E.A. Chesterfield 1848, 3.xii.l986 (MEL).

Typification: Mueller (1855) cited no specimens when describing B. algida stating only
where the species was found. A Mueller collection with notes matching the description
and distributional data cited by Mueller (see above) has been located at MEL and is
designated the lectotype. Possible duplicates are lodged at BM, K and TCD. There has
been some confusion in the past on the date of publication of several of Mueller’s species
(including B. algida) as Mueller published these taxa in both 1855 and 1856 (Mueller
1855, 1856). The 1855 publication was valid, while the 1856 publication was a re-
iteration of the original manuscript for the benefit of European Botanists (Seberg 1986).

Notes: Boronia algida is one of the few boronias found in alpine and subalpine

18

M.F. Duretto

Fig. 1. Distribution of Boronia sect. Alatae: B. alata (■); Boronia sect. Algidae: B. algida
(O), B. edwardsii {%), B. corynophylla (★); Boronia sect. Valvatae: B. anomala (A).

communities, and not easily confused with any other species. Mueller (1 855) wrote that
this sf)ecies is charming, and allied to B. rubiginosa. Boronia algida is most closely
related to B. edwardsii (Weston et al. 1984; Duretto and Ladiges 1999) from which it can
be distinguished by having persistent petals and stamens, and petiolate leaves that have
5-7 leaflets. These leaf characters also distinguish B. algida from B. corynophylla. The
chromosome number for B. algida is n=lO (Stace and Armstrong 1 992), which, as far as
is known, is unique in Boronia (/. c.; Stace et al. 1 993).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia algida is found at higher altitudes south from
Gibraltar Range and Emmaville, New South Wales, to the Bogong High Plains of Victoria
(Fig. I ). It occurs in heathy, woodland and forest communities on sandy soil derived from
granite or sandstone. There is an isolated coastal population at Pebbly Beach near
Batemans Bay on the South Coast of New South Wales. Flowering: August-May;
fruiting: October-May.

Conservation status: Common, widespread, and well represented in reserves, and not
under threat.

3 Boronia edwardsii Benth., FI. austral. I: 312 (1 863). Type citation: S. Australia.

Mount Barker, Edwards" Type: Heaths of Mount. Barker, South Australia, H.

Edwards, Sept. I860 (lectotype, here designated, MEL 707566).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

19

Illustrations: J.M. Black, FI. South Australia, 491 Fig. 644E (1948); N. Alcock,
Australia PL 8: 244 (1976); J.A. Armstrong and I.R. Telford, FI. South Australia Pt 2:
772, Fig. 413A (1986); A. Prescott, It’s Blue with Five Petals: Plants of the Adelaide
Region, 217, Fig. 2 (1988); G.R.M. Dashorst and J.P Jessop, Plants of the Adelaide
Plains and Hills, 96, Pt 41.2-2a (1990); Holliday et al. Kangaroo Is. Native Plants,
24 (1994).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Hairs, firm, smooth,
straight, shiny, 0.05-0.25 mm long. Branches terete to slightly quadrangular, decurrent
leaf bases present on younger branches, not obviously glandular, sparsely to densely
puberulous, the hairs denser between the decurrent leaf bases. Leaves sessile or rarely
petiolate, in outline 3-16 mm long, 3-15 mm wide, trifoliolate, very rarely uni- or 5-
foliolate, ± glandular; petiole to 2 mm long, winged or not; rachis segments 1-3 mm long,
c. 1 mm wide, winged, widest at the distal end; leaflets sessile to subsessile, petiolule to
0.5 mm long, lamina oblanceolate, the apex obtuse, discolourous, paler beneath,
epicuticular wax platelets absent, glabrous or sparsely to moderately dense puberulous,
the midrib not impressed on the adaxial surface; terminal leaflet longer than laterals,
1.5-14 mm long, 0.5-5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 2-10 mm long, 0.5-3 mm wide.
Inflorescence glabrous or rarely glabrescent; peduncle absent; prophylls and
metaxyphylls brown, 0.5-1 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, ciliolate; anthopodium 2-7 mm
long. Sepals broadly ovate-deltate, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, acute, glabrous or
ciliolate, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures. Petals pink or white, 5-8 mm long,

1- A mm wide, caducous; adaxial surface with a moderately to dense indumentum;
abaxial surface glabrous. Stamens caducous; filaments clavate, glabrous, tapering at
apex; antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1
mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 0.5-1 mm long; anthers attached to the apex of
the filament, glabrous, abaxial surface not frosty; anther-apiculum large, erect or slightly
reflexed. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Stigma almost sessile. Cocci 3-4 mm long,

2- 2.5 mm wide, sparsely to moderately dense puberulous. Seeds 2.5-3 mm long, 1 .5-2
mm wide; surface at magnification not tuberculate but with a fine relief of folds
perpendicular to ± visible anticlinal walls. Island Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 60 collections): SOUTH AUSTRALIA: SOUTHERN
LOFTY RANGES: Myponga Tiers, Myponga, c. 35°24’S 138°28’E, Bell, lO.x.1924 (AD);
Hindmarsh Tiers - c. 10 km N of Victor Harbour, E. H. king, x. 1924 (AD); Fleurieu Peninsula, Mt
Scrub, Waitpinga, c. 74 km S of Adelaide, Black, 27.i.l933 (AD); Fleurieu Peninsula, near
Tunkalilia Beach, c. 25 km WSW of Victor Harbour or 25 km WSW of Myaponga, 35 km S of
Adelaide, J.B. Cleland, 9.xi.l967 (AD); Filsell hill near Forest Range, c. 20 km E of Adelaide,
34°58’S \3&°4S’E, A.G. Spooner 5278, 17.vii.l977 (AD); Mt Lofty Range, Mt Carey c. 15km ESE
of Adelaide, J.B. Cleland, 26.x. 1 946 (AD); MURRAY: Region 9 - Murray (Mallee Plains), c. 3 km
SW of Geranium (Geranium is c. 90 km ESE of Murray Bridge), A.B.G. Trainee 68, 14.ix.l970
(AD); KANGAROO ISLAND: 9 miles E of Rocky R., M.E. Phillips, 31.viii.l964 (AD); 15 miles
W of Cygnet River P.O., H.M. Cooper, 2.i.l945 (AD); Hundred of Cassini, F. Mowling, x.1980
(AD); Ravine de Casears, G.F. Gross, 20.X.1951 (AD); Tunkilla Ck, EM. Hillon, 25.xi.1953 (AD);
Pamdana Conservation reserve, c. 6 km due NE of Pamdana, NW comer of park, 35°45’20”S
137°18’40”E, E.N.S. Jackson 4364, 21.viii.l982 (AD); Gosse Crown Land, c. 3.5 km from West
End Hwy, 35°50’S 136°53’E, B.M. Overton 737, 30.xi.l985 (AD); Middle R. dam, 35°52’

1 37°20’E, A.G. Spooner 4796, 9.x. 1 976 (AD); c. 1 2 km E of Cape Borda, by main road (Ki’ngscote-
Cape Borda), 35“50’S 139°I5’E, R. Schodde 533, 29.xii.1957 (AD); South Coast Hwy, 9 miles W
of Stunsail Boom R., V. Johnson 75/74, 1 Lx. 1975 (NSW); Hundred of Gosse, 35°40’S 136°45’E,
T. Dendy 114, (AD); Near Tandanya, South Coast Rd, 3.7 km E of Flinders Chase NP, Kangaroo
Is., 35°58’S 136°49’E, PC. Heylingers 80096, 5.x. 1980 (AD, CANB).

20

M.F. Duretto

Typification: Benlham ( 1 863) cited only one collection of this' species. He also stated it
was the only specimen he had seen and that it was from Mueller’s herbarium. This
specimen, with annotations made by Bentham, has been located at MEL and is
designated the lectotyp)e.

Notes: Boronia edwardsii differs from B. algida in having deciduous petals (and
stamens), and by nearly always having trifoliolate and sessile leaves. The leaf characters
also distinguish it from B. corynophylla.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia edwardsii is common on Kangaroo Island, but rare
on the adjacent Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia (Fig. 1). Jessop (1983, 1984) lists the
York Peninsula as part of the range of this species but no specimens have been seen from
this area (see also Jessop 1993). This species is found in heath and open woodland usually
on laterites or ironstones (Holliday et al. 1994). Flowering: August-December; fruiting:
September and January.

Conservation status: This species was given a ROTAP code of 3RC- by Briggs and
Leigh (1988) but was not listed by Briggs and Leigh (1996). The species is adequately
conserved on Kangaroo Island in Eric Bonython C.P., Filsell Hill C.P., Flinders Chase
N.P. and Ferries-McDonald C.P. (Briggs and Leigh 1988), but is inadequately conserved
on the mainland where populations are small and isolated (Holliday et al. 1994; pers.
obs.).

4. Boronia corynophylla Paul G. Wilson, Nuytsia 12: 142 (1998), fig. 9. Type. 13 km
south-west of 90 Mile Tank, Frank Hann N.P., 27.x. 1980, K. R. Newbey 7827
(holotype PERTH 01258486).

Spreading shrub to 30 cm high. Hairs, firm, smooth, antrorsely curved, shiny, 0.05-0.1
mm long. Branches terete, sparsely and minutely puberulous, cuticle exfoliating and
forming a grey scurfy covering, decurrent leaf bases not present, not obviously glandular.
Leaves simple, slender-terete to narrow-fusiform or narrow-clavate, sessile, 7-10 mm
long, c. 1 mm wide, concolourous, minutely puberulous. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered;
peduncle absent; prophylls and metaxypbylls, 0.5—1.25 mm long, ciliolate, anthopodium
1—2 mm long. Sepals ovate, ciliolate, 2—3 mm long, c. 1 mm wide. Petals pale red, c.
4.5-5 mm long, c. 1.5-2 mm wide; adaxial surface with a moderately dense indumentum
of erect simple hairs, becoming more recurved towards the margins; abaxial surface
generally glabrous but with few simple hairs near the margins. Staminal filaments
tapering at af>ex, pilose; antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5—2 mm long, prominently glandular
on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 0.5-1 mm long; anthers
attached to the apex of the filament, glabrous; anther-apiculum erect. Disc entirely within
stamen whorl. Style c. 0.5-0.75 mm long, puberulous with recurved simple hairs; stigma
not or scarcely larger than the style. Fruit and seed not seen.

Additional specimen examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: SOUTH-WEST PROVINCE. AVON
DISTRICT: 13 km SW of 90 Mile Tank, Frank Hann N.P., K. Newbey 6477, 1 1. xi. 1979 (PERTH).

Notes: Boronia corynophylla is distinguishable from all other species of Boronia by its
simple leaves, imbricate sepals, valvate petals and the grey scurfy covering on the
branches This species was not included in the cladistic analysis of Boronia sect. Valvatae
s. lato presented by Duretto and Ladiges (1999). The valvate petals, pseudodichotomous
branching and the ovate, brown prophylls clearly place B. corynophylla in Boronia
section Algidae. It differs from B. algida and B. edwardsii in having simple leaves, pilo.se
staminal filaments, puberulous ovary and the continuous style and stigma. The taxonomic
position of B. corynophylla, as presented in this treatment, will be tested in a forthcoming

cladistic analysis of Boronia. ,, u

Distribution and ecology: Boronia corynophylla is known from two collections that

Boronia sect. Valvatae

21

were made at the same locality in the Frank Hann N.P., c. 90 km north-east of the Lake
King township, south-western WA. It was found growing in Eucalyptus salmonophloia F.
Muell. open woodland on clayey sand (Wilson 1998).

Conservation status: Wilson (1998) gave B. corynophylla a Priority Two classification
following the Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora. A ROTAP code of 2EC-I-
is appropriate for this species. Wilson (1998) noted that in 1996 B. corynophylla could
not be located where it had previously been collected and this could be because the area
had been burnt the previous year. Surveys are urgently required to ascertain the size and
extent of the known population of B. corynophylla.

Boronia sect. 3. Valvatae (Benth.) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4), 135 (1896). Sp. typica:
sub infra Boronia sen Valvatis indicatur.

Boronia subg. Robonia Rchb., Iconogr. hot. exot. 54 (1827). Sp. typica: Boronia
ledifolia (Vent.) DC.

Boronia sect. Valvoboronia Kuntze in T.Post and Kuntze Lex. gen. phan., Prosp., 74
(1903); nom. illeg., illegitimate substitute for Boronia sect. Valvatae (Benth.) Engl.

Growth blastotelic. Multiangular stellate hairs present, if only on flowers, or rarely absent
(B. anomala); rays unicellular, epidermal; simple hairs erect or antrorse. Branches
usually without decurrent leaf bases, with little or no cork development on older stems
(except B. suberosa), not obviously glandular (except B. eriantha). Leaves simple,
unifoliolate or imparipinnate, the lamina conduplicate, dorsiventral or isobilateral, not
obviously glandular, scattered nonsecretory glands in mesophyll; the margins entire,
rarely glandular-crenulate (B. repanda), plane to revolute; the midrib sometimes raised,
spongy mesophyll continuous under midvein or tightly packed tissue between midvein
and abaxial epidermis. Inflorescence axillary, cymose or 2-nodal botryoids in which the
second intemode of the primary axis and the basal intemodes of the secondary branches
are reduced to vestiges (cf Weston 1990), 1 -many-flowered; prophylls and metaxyphylls
persistent. Sepals valvate in bud, persistent with mature fruit. Petals valvate in bud,
usually explanate (spread out flat) at anthesis, tip not inflexed, persistent or rarely
caducous (B. anomala), after anthesis petals become dry and chartaceous and encase
fruit. Stamens 8, all fertile, persistent or rarely caducous {B. anomala) with mature fruit;
filaments usually pilose on the abaxial surface and the margins below the glandular tipi
each gland usually bearing a minute stellate hair; antesepalous filaments longer than
antepetalous; anthers equal or unequal, glabrous. Disc glabrous (except B. ledifolia, B.
angustisepala, B. umbellata). Ovary glabrous, rarely hirsute {B. repandaf style terminal
on ovary, pilose or glabrous; stigma rounded, not or scarcely wider than style. Seeds black
or grey, elliptical to reniform, adaxial side flattened, shiny or dull; surface at
magnification tuberculate to colliculate, rarely colliculate-folviate {B. viridiflora);
tubercles unicellular, 6-55 pm across; placental endocarp (elaiosome) thick to thini
usually persistent, yellow-white.

Boronia sect. Valvatae contains approximately 56 species that are found in all states
except South Australia and Tasmania (Eig. 2). It is characterised by axillary
inflorescences, valvate sepals and petals that persist with the mature fruit, and the
presence of stellate hairs (except B. anomala, sp. 5 below). The section is classified into
four subsections, nine series and five subseries. One species, B. anomala, is placed as
insertae sedis in the section.

Larvae of the butterfly genus Nesolycaena (four species, family Lycaenidae) feed
exclusively on members of Boronia sect. Valvatae (Braby 1996 and references therein).

22

M.F. Duretto

Fig. 2. Distribution of Boronia sect. Valvatae s. str.

Nesolycaena is the only known butterfly genus to feed on Boronia (Braby pers. comm.).
The larval food plant of N. albosericea is B. glabra (Sands 1971), B. odorata and B.
obovata (Braby pers. comm.); of Adaluma urumelia (=N. urumelia, see d’Apice and
Miller 1996) is B. lanceolata (Edwards 1980); and of N. medicea is B. eriantha (Braby
1996). Nesolycaena caesia was observed on and around what was probably B.
kalumburuensis and B. wilsonii (called B. filicifolia and B. lanuginosa respectively by
d’Apice and Miller 1992) and has been collected from where B. filicifolia is found (see
Braby 1996).

5. Boronia anomala Duretto, sp. nov. {subsect, incertae sedis). Ab aliis speciebus
Boroniae sectionis Valvatarum (Benth.) Engl, omnino glabro praeter petala et
stamina, foliolis linearis anguste (0.5-0.75 mm latis), et petalis caducis differt. Type:
10 km ENE Kalumburu, Kimberley, Western Australia, 14°I4’S 126°44’E, R.K.
Harwood 169 J. Russell-Smith, 20.vi.l997 (holotype MEL 2044558 (transparency
DNA); isotypc DNA 132848 (2 sheets) (transparencies MEL 2044559, MEL
2044560).

Erect shrub to 60 cm tall, glabrous apart from petals and stamens, stellate hairs absent.
Branches eglandular, quadrangular in transverse section, decurrent leaf bases present.
Leaves 3-5-foliolate, 40-55 mm long, 35-100 mm wide; petiole 8-14 mm long; rachis
segments 8-10 mm long, linear; leaflets linear, the midrib not raised on the abaxial
surface but impressed on the adaxial surface, dorsiventral, tightly packed tissue without

Boronia sect. Valvatae

23

secondary thickening between midvein and epidermis; terminal leaflet 17-42 mm long,
0.5-0.75 mm wide; lateral leaflets (8-) 17-50 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide. Inflorescence
1-3-flowered; peduncle 4-10 mm long, persistent; secondary peduncles 1-3 mm long;
prophylls 0.5-4 mm long, unifoliolate linear, persistent; anthopodium 8-10 mm long.
Sepals debate, c. 1 .25 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, persistent (aestivation unknown). Petals
3. 5-4. 5 mm long, deciduous; adaxial surface with a narrow band of minute, simple hairs
along margin. Filaments clavate, suddenly narrowing at apex so as to appear truncated
before connecting to anther, pilose along the margins below glandular tip; antesepalous
stamens c. 2 mm long; antepetalous filaments c. 0.5 mm long; anthers attached to the
apex of the filament, antesepalous anthers c. 0.5 mm long, antepetalous anthers c. 1 mm
long; anther-apiculum small, erect, slightly tuberculate. Disc entirely within stamen
whorl. Style c. 1 mm long, stigma scarcely larger than style. Cocci 4.5-5 mm long, 2-2.5
mm wide. Seed (mature seed not seen) elliptical, black, shiny, possibly slightly rugulose,
adaxial side flattened and without ridge.

Specimen examined: Known only from the type collection.

Affinities: The phylogenetic position of B. anomala is uncertain. Two features that are
critical in the systematics of Boronia, mature seeds and the aestivation of the sepals, have
not been seen. This species does have valvate petals and axillary inflorescences which is
a combination of characters that, in Boronia, is found only in Boronia sect. Valvatae.
Also, the prophylls are leaf-like as they are in other members of Boronia sect. Valvatae.
The species of the other sections of Boronia have prophylls (and metaxyphylls) that are
more sepal-like in appearance. Boronia anomala differs from the other members of
Boronia sect. Valvatae by not having stellate hairs and its deciduous petals. Also, unlike
Boronia sect. Valvatae but as with many members of Boronia sect. Boronia and Boronia
sect. Cyanothamnus, the anthopodia of B. anomala have what is best described as
decurrent sepal bases that are analogous to the decurrent leaf bases of the branches. The
seeds of B. anomala appear to be slightly rugulose as are those of Boronia sect.
Imbricatae and Boronia sect. Cyanothamnus, but mature seeds are needed to confirm this
feature (immature seeds in Boronia are often wrinkled).

Boronia anomala was not included in a recent cladistic analysis of Boronia sect.
Valvatae s. lat. (Duretto and Ladiges 1999). In that analysis, all species found in the
Kimberley region (WA) and the Northern territory, except B. lanceolata and B. rupicola,
were part of a strongly supported clade (= Boronia subsect. Grandisepalae). Boronia
anomala has two of the synapomorphies of Boronia subsect. Grandisepalae, viz.
distinctly clavate staminal filaments and antepetalous anthers that are much larger than
the antesepalous anthers, but it lacks the relatively large sepals and the prominent ridge
on the dorsal side of the seed.

To determine the phylogenetic position of B. anomala the species was scored for the
data set that contained all known species of Boronia sect. Valvatae that were analysed by
Duretto and Ladiges (1999). Sepal aestivation was scored as unknown. Due to the
sensitivity of the Boronia subsect. Valvatae clade to additions and deletions of characters
and taxa (see Duretto and Ladiges 1999) an exemplar set of taxa to represent each species
group in that subsection was included: viz. B. ledifolia, B. eriantha, B. granitica, B.
rupicola, B. fraseri, B. keysii, B. rosmarinifolia, B. splendida, B. foetida, B. bella, B.
obovata, B. alulata, B. quinkanensis, B. duiganiae, B. odorata and B. lanceolata Tlie
data set was analysed using PAUP 3.1.1 (Swofford 1993) and Boronia sect.’s Alatae and
Algidae were used as outgroups.

Preliminary results (unpub. data) were inconclusive as the position of B. anomala was
not resolved with respiect to the four subsections of Boronia sect. Valvatae. Boronia
anomala was sister to Boronia subsect. Grandisepalae in 80% of the 2059 most
parsimonious trees found. Alternatively B. anomala was either sister to Boronia sect.

24

M.F. Duretto

Valvatae (10% of trees) or Boronia subsect. Bowmaniae. These results are repeated
(almost exactly, with 2060 equally parsimonious trees) when the sepals of B. anomala are
scored as being valvate. When sepal aestivation of B. anomala is scored as being
imbricate, B. anomala is sister to Boronia sect. Valvatae in all of the 210 most
parsimonious trees. Given the uncertain position of B. anomala in the above analysis it is
treated here as being incertae sedis in Boronia sect. Valvatae.

It is possible that B. anomala is a basal member of Boronia subsect. Grandisepalae. If
this is so, then it would indicate the order of character evolution in this subsection; viz.
the evolution of the constricted staminal filament ends and relatively large antepetalous
anthers preceded the evolution of the relatively large sepals and the dorsal ridge of the
seed. This hypothesis, and the placement of B. anomala, as presented here, will be tested
in a forthcoming cladistic analysis of Boronia and its allies. Given the unusual
combination of character states found in B. anomala, it is possible, with more data and
further research, that a new section will need to be described to accommodate this most
unusual species.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia anomala is known from a sandstone gorge near
Kalumburu, eastern Kimberley, Western Australia (Fig. 1). The only known population
occurs under an overhang surrounded by heath dominated by Triodea burbidgeana (B.
Harwood, DNA, pers. comm.). Flowering and fruiting material has been collected in
June.

Conservation Status: A ROTAP code of 2V is appropriate for this species. Further field
work is urgently needed to determine the extent of the known population and if there are
any other populations.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from Latin anomalus (diverging from the
usual, abnormal). The name refers to the unusual combination of characters found in this
species, and that it is atypical of Boronias in the Kimberley Region in not having sepals
that are much smaller than the petals.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. 1. Ternatae Duretto, subsect. nov. Pili stellati apressi.
Folia trifoliolata vel simplicia; epidermis crystallis constatis e cera dispesis. Semina
tristia, reniformia. Sp. typica: B. temata Endl.

Branches eglandular, terete to slightly quadrangular. Stellate hairs sessile; all rays
appressed, unfused, smooth, firm, white. Leaves trifoliolate, rarely unifoliolate {B.
temata), firm, scattered wax platelets on epidermis; the midrib not raised on the abaxial
surface, spongy mesophyll continuous under midvein or absent, the midrib not impressed
on the adaxial surface. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered; peduncle deciduous with flower;
prophylls minute or minutely unifoliolate. Sepals shorter and narrower than petals, rarely
the same size (B. adamsiana). Petals pink or white, with firm, shiny stellate hairs on the
abaxial surface, the midrib sometimes raised on the abaxial surface. Filaments capitate,
tapering apex, antepetalous filaments slightly glandular distally; anthers attached to the
apex of the filament, all equal. Disc entirely within stamen whorl or just surrounding ba.se
of filaments. Seeds reniform, adaxial side without ridge, dull, black to grey; tubercles
roughly textured, unfused.

All four species of Boronia sect. Valvatae that are found in south-western Australia
(Fig. 3) are placed in Boronia subsect. Ternatae. The subsection is characterised by
scattered epicuticular wax platelets on the usually trifoliolate leaves, and the dull and
reniform seeds. There are two series.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Ternatae Duretto ser. 1 Ternatae

Leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, obtuse, plane, concolourous, isobilateral, glabrous or

Boronia sect. Valvatae

25

with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Style glabrous to hirsute for full
length.

The two species of this series, with some exceptions (see below), are found primarily
on the sandplains of the wheatbelt, and have leaves that are plane and concolourous.

6. Boronia ternata Endl., Nov. stirp. dec. 1: 6 (1839). Type citation: “Novae-Hollandiae
austro-occidentalis interioribus legit cl. Roe”. Type: N.H.a.O., Roe s.n. (holotype W
n.v. (photographs MEL 2049262, NSW, PERTH).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 4—25 rays; rays

0.05-0.5 mm long. Branches terete to quadrangular, with a sparse to dense indumentum,
becoming glabrous as they age, the hair density even or rarely greater between the
decurrent leaf bases though these are rarely present. Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate,
firm, sessile or petiolate; petiole to 2 mm long, slightly winged; leaflets elliptic to
oblanceolate, obtuse or rarely acute (mainly on juvenile foliage) or deeply emarginate,
attenuate, glabrous or with a moderately dense to dense indumentum; terminal leaflet
2-15 mm long, 1-5.5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 2-12 mm long, 1^ mm wide.
Inflorescence with a dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5^ mm long; prophylls
0.5-2 mm long, indumentum as with leaves; metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm long; anthopodium

0. 5-10 mm long. Sepals elliptical or ovate-deltate or lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm long, 1-2.5
mm wide, acute to acuminate, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface
glabrous or glabrescent or with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum at tip; abaxial
surface with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum. Petals 4-1 1 mm long, 2-6 mm wide,
enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse to dense indumentum
distally, becoming glabrous towards the base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to
dense stellate indumentum, sometimes abaxial surface with a prominently raised midrib.
Filaments glabrescent or with many stiff simple or rarely bifid hairs; antesepalous
filaments 1.5-2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous
filaments 1-1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty; anther-apiculum large,
reflexed, rarely absent. Cocci 3-5.5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, with a sparse to dense
simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seed 2.5^ mm long, 1 .5-2.5 mm wide.

Notes: Boronia temata differs from B. adamsiana by having sepals that are much
shorter than the petals, and smaller hairs (Figs 4a-d). The quinolene alkaloids of B.
temata are similar to those of B. lanceolata (Ahson et al. 1993), the only two members
of Boronia sect. Valvatae studied. Stace etal. (1993) report that the chromosome number
for B. temata is n=9. No specimens were cited, so it is not known which variety was
studied.

Boronia temata has six varieties and intergradation between varieties appears to occur
in some areas, for example north of, and in the eastern parts of Fitzgerald River N.P., and
in the Rendering Reserve/Nyabing area.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata occurs mainly on the sand plains between
Eneabba, Kalgoorlie and Esperance, south-western Western Australia (Fig. 3), where it is
found in mallee and heath on sands, laterites, and spongelite. Flowering: April-
November; fruiting May-January.

Key to varieties

1 . Leaves with a dense indumentum, though the hairs are sometimes minute, juvenile

foliage with a sparse to dense indumentum; rarely the leaves and flowers glabrous.

2. Anthopodium (pedicel) 0.5-1 mm long; adult leaves with a very dense indumentum,
epidermis not visible under magnification; the leaves and flowers rarely glabrous

6a. van temata

26

M.F. Duretto

2. Anthopodium (pedicel) greater than 2 mm long; adult leaves with a moderately dense
indumentum, the margins often glabrous, epidermis visible under magnification;
flowers hirsute.

3. Leaves obviously hirsute, the margins hirsute; filaments with simple hairs; styles

hirsute 6b. van promiscua

3. Leaves appearing glabrous and slightly glaucous but actually covered with minute
hairs, the margins often glabrous; filaments with simple and bifid hairs; styles

glabrous 6f. van austrofoliosa

1. Leaves glabrous or glabrescent; flowers always hirsute

4. Anthopodium (pedicel) 4— 10 mm long, at least 1/2 length of leaves; petals 6-1 1 mm

long; style hirsute 6c. van elongata

4. Anthopodium (predicel) to 2 mm, less than 1/2 length of leaf, rarely to 5 mm long
(Rendering Reserve); petals 4—6 mm long; style glabrous.

5. Leaflet apex usually deeply emarginate; leaves predominantly trifoliolate; sepals

1 .5-2 mm long 6d. van glabrifolia

5. Leaflet apex always obtuse; leaves predominantly simple; sepals 2.5-3 mm long .

6e. van foliosa

6a. Boronia ternata Endl. var. ternata

Illustration: M.G. Corrick and B.A. Fuhrer, Wildflowers of Southern Western

Australia, 192, fig. 652 (1996).

Shrub to 2 m tall, with a hoary, stellate tomentum on branches and adult leaves, or rarely
glabrous. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays 0. l-0.3(-0.5) mm long (Fig. 4a). Branches
terete to slightly quadrangular, the hair density even, decurrent leaf bases absent. Leaves
sessile, trifoliolate, though younger distal leaves often becoming unifoliolate; leaflets
elliptic to oblanceolate, obtuse or rarely acute (mainly on juvenile foliage); terminal
leaflet usually slightly longer than laterals; leaflets and unifoliolate leaves 2-12 mm long,
1^ mm wide; juvenile, proximal leaves glabrous, the density of the indumentum
increasing with each node until leaves have a dense indumentum. Inflorescence 1-
flowered; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls 0.5-1 mm long; metaxyphylls to 0.5 mm
long; anthopodium 0.5—1 mm long. Sepals elliptical, 2—3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide,
acute; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 4—5
mm long, 2-3 mm wide. Filaments pilose; antesepalous filaments 1.5—2 mm long;
antepetalous filaments 1-1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum large, reflexed, or absent. Disc
entirely within stamen whorl. Style glabrous to hirsute for full length. Cocci c. 5 mm
long, c. 3 mm wide, with a moderately dense indumentum. Seed 3-3.5 mm long, c. 2.5
mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 80 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA: EREMAEAN
BOTANICAL PROVINCE; COOLGARDIE DISTRICT: 9 km NW of Stewart, c. 45 km WNW of
Coolgardie, K. Newby 8700, 26.viii.1981 (PERTH); 50 km E of Yellowdine, 31°14’S 120°12’E,
M.F. Duretto I82-I89 and M. Bayly, 19.viii.l992 (MFD182-185, 187, 188: MEL; MFDI86:
CANB, MEL); Yellowdine, 31°18’S 1 19°39’E, R.J. Cranfeild 701, 20.ix.l978 (PERTH); 50 km E
of Yellowdine, 31°14’S 120°12’E, LA. Craven 7460, 2.ix.l982 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); 4 km E
of rest area, c. 96 km E of Yellowdine on Great Eastern Hwy, c. 31°10’S 120°32’E, M.F. Duretto
190 and M. Bayly, 19.viii.l992 (BRl, HO, MEL, PERTH); Deborah Lake, Mr. Cronin, 1893
(MEL); 1 1 km WSW of Boorabbin, c. 77 km E of Southern Cross, K. Newby 5721, 20.viii.l979
(PERTH); Southern Cross-Forrestania Rd, 8.3 km SSE of Marvel Loch, 31°30’40”S 1 19°52’10”E,
FH. Mollemans 2565, 23. v. 1990 (AD); Bronti, 242 miles E of Perth, R. Melville 163 & C.A.
Gardener, 5.viii.l952 (MEL, NSW, PERTH); c. 50 km SW of Coolgardie, 5 km SW of Queen

Boronia sect. Valvatae

21

Fig. 3. Distribution of Boronia subsect. Ternatae series Tematae: B. ternata var. ternata
(O), B. ternata var. promiscua (■), B. ternata var. elongata (□), B. ternata var. glabrifolia
(A), B. ternata var. foliosa (A), B. ternata var. austrofoliosa (0), B. adamsiana (♦); series
Ericifoliae: B. ericifolia (☆), B. revoluta (★).

Victoria Rock, 31°20’S 120°54’E, J. Taylor 591, M.D. Crisp and R. Jackson, 18. ix. 1979 (CANB,
PERTH); Bendering, C.A. Gardner 1989, 26.viii.1923 (PERTH); 2 miles W of Moorine Rock, D.
Butcher 15, 21.iv.l978 (PERTH); SOUTH-WEST PROVINCE: AVON DISTRICT; 3 km W of
Bodallin, 31°27’S 118°48’E, R.J. Cranfield 1517, 18.vii.l980 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW,
PERTH); Between Burracoppin and Moorine Rock, c. 20 km from Southern Cross, Dr. J.S. Beard
6214, 18.ix.l970 (NSW, PERTH); 35 km W of Southern Cross on Great Eastern Hwy, Noongar,
31°20’E 118°58’S, M.D. Crisp 6573, 19.vii.l980 (AD, MEL); Chiddacooping, 8 miles N of
Warrachuppin, near gravel pit on East boundry, 30°54’S 118°4rE, B.H. Smith 584, 17.vi.l985
(CANB, MEL, PERTH); c. 10 E of Mukinbudin, B. Dell 123, 25.ix.1972 (PERTH); ROE
DISTRICT; 16 miles N of Golt Rock on the road to Emu Rock E of Hyden, 32°24’S 1 19°18’E,
B.R. Maslin, 14.vii.l970 (CANB); Frank Hann NP, Butcher 330, 7.viii.l978 (CANB, MEL, NSW,
PERTH).

Notes: Boronia ternata var. ternata is the most common and widespread variety of B.
ternata and inhabits more arid areas than the other varieties. Glabrous plants of var.
ternata have been collected at Yellowdine (e.g., Cranfeild 701, Craven 7460 [MEL,
PERTH]) as have the hirsute typical forms {Craven 7460 [CANB]; Duretto 182-9). The
developmental sequence in indumentum density, from glabrous to dense, does happen
over very few nodes (e.g., Melville 163) and the glabrous specimens cited above are large.
Detailed field work would be required in the Yellowdine area to ascertain if these
specimens were sports or represent an unusual population.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia ternata var. ternata occurs between Mukinbudin and

28

M.F. Duretto

Bonnie Rock to Kalgoorlie and Frank Hann N.P., Western Australia (Fig. 3), where found
in heath and mallee woodland on sand.

Conservation status: Common, widespread and found in various reserves; not under
threat.

6b. Boronia ternata var. promiscua Duretto, var. nov. Differt a varietate typica
indumento foliorum denso modice ubique, anthopodis longioribus (2-5 mm longis).
Type: 13.8 km N from Hyden turnoff along Hatters Hill-Southern Cross Rd, 32°18’S
I19°45’E, M.F. Duretto 223 and M. Bayly, 22.viii.1992 (holotype MEL 2029643:
isotypes CANB, K, MEL 2038869, NSW, PERTH).

Shrub to 1.5 m tall, with a hoary, moderately dense to derise stellate tomentum on
branches and leaves. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays to 0.1 (-0.5) mm long (Fig. 4b).
Branches terete to slightly quadrangular, hair distribution even, decurrent leaf bases
absent. Leaves unifoliolate, oblanceolate, obtuse, sessile, 5-14 mm long, 2-3 mm wide.
Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle to 1 mm long; prophylls 0.5-2 mm long;
metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm long; anthopodium 2-5 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, acute to
acuminate, 2—3.5 mm long, 1—2.5 mm wide; abaxial surface with a moderately dense
stellate indumentum. Petals 5—6 mm long, 2.5—3 mm wide. Filaments pilose;
antesepalous filaments 1.5—2 mm long; antepetalous filaments 1—1.5 mm long; anther-
apiculum large, reflexed. Disc entirely within staminal whorl or sometimes surrounding
base of filaments. Style hirsute for full length. Cocci c. 5.5 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide,
with a moderately dense to dense indumentum. Seed 2.5-3 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide.

Additional specimens examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST BOTANICAL
PROVINCE; ROE DISTRICT; 13.8 km N from Hyden turnoff along Hatters Hill-Southern Cross
Rd, 32°18’S 119°45’E, M.F. Duretto 221-222, 223a-225 and M. Bayly, 22.viii.1992 (MFD22I:
CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD221a: AD, BRl, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD222, 224: MEL;
MFD223a: CANB, MEL, PERTH; MFD225: MEL, PERTH); 9 miles S of Mt Holland, K. Newby
1121, 14.x. 1963 (PERTH); 15.4 km N of Mt Holland turn off on Southern Cross-Forrestania Rd
and 1.5 km along the gridline, 32°03’20”S 119°38’20”E, FH. Mollemans 2670, 25.V.1990
(PERTH); ENE of Parker Range S, a track junction on way to Southern Cross-Forrestania Rd, 14.7
km E of Skeleton Rocks and 75 km SSE of Southern Cross, 31°51’10”S 1 19°37’02”E, FH. and
M.P. Mollemans 2760, 15. vi. 1990 (PERTH); Near Mine Camp, Bounty Mine, N of Mt Holland,
32°07 S 1 19°47’E, G. Barrett 642, 7.ix. 1994 (PERTH); 7.7 miles N of Lake King-Norseman track
on track to Southern Cross, C. Stacey 60, 25.ix.1971 (PERTH).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata var. promiscua occurs over a small area
south of Southern Cross near Mt Holland, Western Australia (Fig. 3), where it is found
growing on sand and laterites in disturbed areas in woodland.

Conservation status: For now, a ROTAP code of 2R is appropriate. To assess the status
of this variety surveys are required to ascertain population sizes and extent.

Etymology: The epithet is derived from the Latin, promiscuus (mixed), and alludes to
the mixture of character states found in this taxon that are typical for other varieties; the
dense indumentum of var. temata, the long pedicels of var. elongata, and the narrow
leaflets of var. foliosa.

6c. Boronia ternata var. elongata Paul G. Wilson, Nuytsia 1; 201 (1971). Type: N side of
Mt Short, 14 km NNW of Ravensthorpe, 33°28’S 120°00’E, P.G. Wilson 6932,
8.viii.l968 (holotype PERTH 1610287: isotypes B n.v., K n.v., MEL 243036).

Illustration: M.G. Corrick and B.A. Fuhrer, Wildflowers of Southern Western

Australia, 192 fig. 653 (1996).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

29

Shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays to 0.1 mm long. Branches terete
to slightly quadrangular, with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum, pubescence denser
between the decurrent leaf bases (when present). Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate,
oblanceolate, obtuse or rarely deeply emarginate, glabrous or glabrescent, sessile or
petiolate; petiole to 2 mm long; terminal leaflet same size or longer than laterals, 3-12
mm long, 2-5.5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 3-7 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide; unifoliolate
leaves 5-12 mm long, 2-5 mm wide. Inflorescence 1 (-3)- flowered, with a dense
indumentum; peduncle 0.5-4 mm long; prophylls to 0.5 mm long; metaxyphylls c. 0.5
mm long; anthopodium 4-10 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.5
mm wide; abaxial surface with a dense, stellate indumentum. Petals 6-1 1 mm long, 3-6
mm wide. Filaments pilose; antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long; antepetalous
filaments 1-1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Disc sometimes surrounding
base of filaments. Style hirsute for full length. Cocci 3.5-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide,
with a moderately dense indumentum. Seed 2.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 30 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA: SOUTH-WEST
BOTANICAL PROVINCE: EYRE DISTRICT: Mt Short, gravel pit, 2.3 km along Mt Short Rd
from Ravensthorpe to Lake King Rd, 33°28’S 120°00”E, M.F. Duretto 202-207 and M. Bayly,
2I.viii.l992 (MFD202: CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD203: BRI, CANB, MEL, PERTH;
MFD204: CANB, MEL, PERTH; MFD205: CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD206: MEL,
PERTH, NSW; MFD207: MEL); Ravensthorpe Ra., 8 km N of Ravensthorpe, P.G. Wilson 7102,
I3.viii.l968 (PERTH); Gravel pit c. 3 km E of Lake King/Ravensthorpe Rd on Mt Short Rd,
33°27’20”S I I9°50’30”E, B. and B. Backhouse H/18, I2.ixI990 (PERTH); Mt Desmond, 2.3 km
along Everton Rd towards Esperance from Ravensthorpe-Hopetown Rd, 33°37’S 120°09’E, M.F
Duretto 194-198 and M. Bayly, 21.viii.l992 (MFD194: CANB, MEL, PERTH; MFD195: MEL,
NSW; MFD196: MEL; MFD197: CANB, MEL, NSW; MFD198: MEL, PERTH); 1 km E of Mt
Desmond summit, Ravensthorpe area, 33°37’S 120°09’E, B. Barnsley 448, 9.i.l979 (CANB); 2.3
km along the road to Esperance from the Ravensthorpe to Hopetown Rd (turnoff for Esperance is
10 km S of Ravensthorpe), 33°39’S 120°09’E, P.S. Short 2704, M. Amerena, B.A. Fuhrer,
4.viii.l986 (AD, PERTH); Elverdton Rd, 3 km from junction with Ravensthorpe-Hopetown Rd, SE
of Ravensthorpe, 33°37’S 120°09’E, M.G. Corrick 9574, 27.ix.1985 (MEL); 1 mile E of Elverdton
Mine, Ravensthorpe, K. Newby 2602, 16.vii.1967 (PERTH); Comer of West River Rd and
Fitzgerald River Rd NW of Ravensthorpe, A.C. Carmichael, 28.viii.1982 (PERTH); 28 km W of
Ravensthorpe and 12 km N of Ravensthorpe-Ongerup Rd, P.G. Wilson 7126, 14.viii.l968
(PERTH).

Notes: It is of interest to note that specimens from Mt Short are predominantly
unifoliolate, while those from Mt Desmond are predominantly trifoliolate though this
variation does not appear to warrant taxonomic recognition. A specimen intermediate
between these two varieties has been collected just north of Fitzgerald River N.R
(Carmichael, 28.viii.1982, PERTH) that has short peduncles like \ai. foliosa but large
flowers like var. elongata. No plants of B. temata could be located at that locality in
1992. This specimen is here included within the concept of B. temata var. elongata.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata var. elongata is restricted to small populations
north and south of Ravensthorpe, centred around Mt Short and Mt Drummond, Western
Australia (Fig. 3), where found on laterites in open woodland or heath.

Conservation status: As this variety is known from few populations and has been
collected from Fitzgerald River N.R, a ROTAP code of 2RC- is appropriate.

6d. Boronia temata var. glabrifolia F. Muell., Fragm. 11:111 (1 875). Type citation: “Cl.
Maxwell hanc varietum ad Middle and East Mount Barren reperit.” Type: Coast
ranges. Middle and E. Mt Barren, G. Maxwell (holotype MEL 249149).

30

M.F. Duretto

Boronia calophylla Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 160 (1852). Type
citation: no specimens cited (see below). Type: W.A., Drummond 5th Coll. n205
(syntypes K n.v. (photograph AD 99548076), MEL 249150, TCD).

Shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays to 0.1 (-0.5) mm long. Branches
terete to slightly quadrangular, with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, decurrent
leaf bases absent. Leaves trifoliolate or rarely unifoliolate, glabrous or glabrescent;
petiole 0.5-1 mm long; leaflets oblanceolate, the apex usually deeply emarginate;
terminal leaflet shorter than laterals, 2-5 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; lateral leaflets and
unifoliolate leaves 2-6 mm long, 1-^ mm wide. Inflorescence 1-flowered, with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls to
0.5 mm long; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 1.5-3. 5 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate,
acute, 1 .5-2 mm long, c. 1 mm wide; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Petals 4-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide. Filaments with few stiff, simple hairs;
antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long; antepetalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long; anther-
apiculum large, reflexed. Disc sometimes surrounding base of filaments. Style glabrous.
Cocci with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum (mature fruit not seen). Mature
seed not seen.

Additional specimens e.tamined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST BOTANICAL
PROVINCE; EYRE DISTRICT: Fitzgerald R., C.A. Gardener 9216, 22.ix.1948 (MEL, PERTH);
Near Mt Bland in Fitzgerald River reserve, 34°12’S 1 19°28’E, P.G. Wilson 10154, 6.x. 1970 (AD,
CANB, PERTH); Fitzgerald River reserve, stony cliffs on western edge of river valley, 34°12’S
119°28’E, R.D. Royce 8894, 12.vii.l970 (PERTH); Near Fitzgerald R., Fitzgerald River NP, on
well exposed breakaway rims, K. Newbey 3309, 24.x. 1970 (PERTH); Fitzgerald R. area, c. 70 miles
(1 12.7 km) ESE of Ongerup, T.E.H. Aplin, I. Lethbridge and R. Conveny 3200, 8.ix.l970 (NSW);
W of lower Fitzgerald R., Fitzgerald River Reserve, 34°5’S 119°3rE, A.S. George 9932,
12.vii.l970 (PERTH); Fitzgerald River Reserve, R.D. Royce 8921, 12.vii.l970 (PERTH); Flumen
Fitzgerald inferum, C.A. Gardner 14750, 5. v. 1964 (PERTH).

Typification: A single collection was cited in the protologue of var. glabrifolia. A
specimen matching the locality information but without collectors details has been
located at MEL. The handwriting of the locality data matches that of G. Maxwell
(handwriting samples, MEL) and so, this specimen is confidently identified as the
holotype.

Turezaninow ( 1 852) did not cite any material when describing B. calophylla but it can
be assumed it was a Drummond collection (J. Ross, pers. comm.) Bentham (1863) cites
only one collection of B. calophylla, a Drummond collection (W.A. Drummond 5th Coll.
n205). It is thus highly likely that this collection is the one Turezaninow worked from and
a specimen matching these details have been located at K, MEL, and TCD.

Notes: Boronia temata var. glabrifolia is a poorly collected variety that may grade into
var. elongata in the eastern part of it range. It can ^ distinguished from this later variety
by its smaller, obcordate leaflets, and its smaller inflorescence and floral parts.
Spheroidal sclereids have been reported for B. calophylla (Rao and Bhattacharya 1978,
1981).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata var. glabrifolia is restricted to the Fitzgerald
River N.P. area between Bremer Bay and Hopetoun, Western Australia (Fig. 3), where
found in heath and woodland on spongelite or granite.

Conservation status: Though restricted in distribution the variety is found entirely
within Fitzgerald River N.P: a ROTAP code of 2RC- is appropriate.

6e. Boronia temata var. foliosa (S. Moore) Paul G. Wilson, Nuytsia 1: 201 (1971).
Boronia foliosa S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 45: 165 (1920). Type citation:

Boronia sect. Valvatae

31

“Bruce Rock; Steward 334. Totadjen, Id. 356. Nungarin, Id. 412 Type: Bruce Rock,
F. Steward 334 (isosyntype MEL 707566 (drawing PERTH 1610279)); Totadjen,
Steward 356 (n.v.); Nungarin, Steward 412 (n.v.).

Shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays to 0.1 mm long. Branches slightly
to strongly quadrangular, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum, often
concentrated between the decurrent leaf bases. Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate, sessile
or petiolate; petiole to 1 mm long; leaflets and unifoliolate leaves elliptic to oblanceolate,
obtuse, glabrous to glabrescent; leaflets and unifoliolate leaves c. all equal in size, 3-15
mm long, 1-5 mm wide. Inflerescence 1 (-3)-flowered, with a dense, stellate
indumentum; peduncle l-1.5(-5) mm long; prophylls 0.5-1 mm long; metaxyphylls to
0.5 mm long; anthopodium 1 .5-2(-5) mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate to lanceolate, acute
to slightly acuminate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1 .5 mm wide; abaxial surface with a moderately
dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 4—6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. Filaments
pilose; antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long; antepetalous filaments 1-1.5 mm long;
anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Style glabrous. Cecci
3-4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, with a moderately dense indumentum. Mature seed not
seen.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 50 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST
BOTANICAL PROVINCE; IRWIN DISTRICT; 14 miles W of Windsor, 29°46’S 115°45’E, Mr.
Chapman, 13.viii.l972 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); 27.7 km W of Camamah turnoff on the southern
road verge of the Eneabba-Camamah Rd, 29°46’S 115°40’E, M.F. Duretto 167 and M. Bayly,
15.viii.l992 (MEL, NSW, PERTH, WAU); AVON REGION: 15 km E of Merredin on Great Eastern
Hwy opposite microwave repeater station, 31 °27’S 1 18°28’E, M.F. Duretto 178-181 and M. Bayly,
18.viii.1992 (MFD178: AD, CANB, MEL, PERTH, NSW; MFD179-181: MEL); c. 8 km SW of
Merredin on road to Bruce Rock, 31°33S 1 18°14’E, N.N. Donner 4587, 6.ix.l973 (AD, CANB,
PERTH); 1.7 miles [2.7 km] W of Merredin, 31°29’S II8°16’E, M.D. Tindale 3728, 27.viii.73
(CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); 5 miles N of Muntadgin, edge of Brownbunk Flats and sandplain,
E.T Bailey 256, viii.1945 (PERTH); Rendering Reserve A 20338, 23 km NNE of Kondin, B.G.
Muir 425, 2.vi.l975 (PERTH); Nungarin, R.D. Royce 6656, 12.ix.l961 (PERTH); c. 24 km SSE of
Carrabin (NNE of Noombenderry Rock) Flora and Fauna Reserve on land survey blocks 969 and
975, 31°36’S 118°50’E, A. Strid 20511, 15.ix.l982 (PERTH); 2.6 miles S of Rendering to
Kondinin, M.l.H. Brooker 2646, 13.vii.l970 (PERTH); Nyabing-Ongerup Rd., FW. Humphreys 2,
29.vi.1966 (PERTH); 17 miles SE of Nyabing, N. Newbey 1146, 14.x. 1963 (PERTH); Between
Boorham and Burracoppin, H.F and M. Broadbet 1588A (PERTH); N of Borden, 1 10 km NNE of
Albany, A.M. Ashby 1605, 25.viii.1965. (AD, PERTH); Meranda North Rd, 33.8 km W of Emu
Fame Rd, 49.2 km SW of Southern Cross, 31°49’35”S 118°57’55”E, FH. and M.P. Mollemans
2784, 16.vi.90 (CANB); Bmce Rock, Stoward 319 (BM n.v., transparency MEL); Totadjen,
Stoward 335, 1916 (BM n.v., transparency MEL).

Typificatien: Three collections were cited in the protologue of B. feliesa (viz., Bruce
Rock, F. Stoward 334; Totadjen, Stoward 356; Nungarin, Stoward 412). Of these, only a
Bruce Rock specimen (Stoward 334, MEL) has been seen, this specimen was called an
isosyntype by Wilson (1971). No lectotype will be designated until more material comes
to hand

Notes: Moore (1920) wrote that this taxon was closely related to B. crassipes Bartl.
(Boronia sect. Boronia s. lato). Superficially these taxa are similar, both with plane,
glabrous and usually simple leaves, but B. temata var. foliosa clearly belongs with B.
temata in Boronia sect. Valvatae.

Specimens from Rendering Reserve (Brooker 2646, Muir 425) have longer peduncles and
anthopodia (4-5 mm) than typical var. foliosa, but the sepals and petals are similar in size
to that of typical foliosa and are referred to this taxon. A specimen from north of

32

M.F. Duretto

Fitzgerald River NP (Carmichael, 28.viii. 1982, PERTH) is intermediate between vars
foliosa and elongata (see Notes under var. elongata).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata war. foliosa occurs mainly around Merredin
and Bruce Rock, with disjunct populations to the northwest near Eneabba and
Winchester, and to the south near Borden, Western Australia (Fig. 3). It is found growing
in heath or low woodland on sand and laterite.

Conservation status: Though widely collected, populations are small, localised and
threatened with local extinction (pers. obs.). A ROTAP code of 3R may be appropriate
but further surveys are required to confirm this.

6f. Boronia ternata var. austrofoliosa Duretto, var. nov. Differt a varietate typica
indumento foliorum modice denso constato e pilus minutis, margo glabro. Type:
Tarin Rock Reserve, along the fenceline on the western side, 33°06’S 1 18°12’E, D.E.
Albrecht 4134 and B.A. Fuhrer, 31.viii.l990 (holotype MEL 2013856: isotype
PERTH 2933284).

Boronia temata war. foliosa sensu Corrick and Fuhrer (1996, p. 192).

Illustration. M.G. Corrick and B.A. Fuhrer, Wildflowers of Southern Western

Australia, 192, fig. 654 (1996, as Boronia ternata war. foliosa).

Shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with rays to 0.1 (-0.2) mm long. Branches
slightly to strongly quadrangular, with a dense, stellate indumentum, decurrent leaf bases
present. Leaves unifoliolate, sessile or petiolate; petiole to 0.5 mm long; lamina elliptic
to oblanceolate, obtuse, 5—10 mm long, 3—4 mm wide, with a moderately dense stellate
indumentum (Fig. 4c), often glabrous along the margins. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with
a dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls 1-1.5 mm long;
metaxyphylls 0.5—1 mm long; anthopodium 2—3 mm long. Sepals elliptical, acute, 2—2.5
mm long, 1—1.5 mm wide; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum
distally. Petals 4-6.5 mm long, 2.5^.5 mm wide. Filaments with many stiff, simple or
bifid hairs; antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long;
anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Style glabrous. Cocci
4—4.5 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, with a moderately dense to dense indumentum. Mature
seed not seen.

Additional specimens examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST BOTANICAL
PROVINCE, ROE DISTRICT: 29.4 km W of Lake Grace, 10-100 m E of Air Navigation Tower,
M.F. Duretto 229-234 and M. Bayly, 23.viii.l992 (MEL); Nyabing, SW of Lake Grace, Mr
McDougal 4, 1949 (MEL); 11 miles from Kukerin towards Lake Grace (200 mile post) J.W.
Wrigley, 9.xi. 1968 (CANB); 28 km W of Lake Grace, Tarin Rock Reserve, 33°05’S 1 18°05’E, J.M.
Brown 303, 2.x. 1984 (PERTH); W of Lake Grace, D and P Nevin, 6.ix.l970 (PERTH); W of Lake
Grace, D and P Nevin, 6.ix.l970 (PERTH); 17.5 miles W of Lake Grace, A.S. George 347,
13. ix. 1959 (AD, PERTH); Tarin Rock, W of Lake Grace, c. 275 km SE of Perth, A M. Ashby 445,
13.viii.l963 (AD); Nyabing, V.F. McDougall, 23.ix.1935 (PERTH); 4 miles N of Nyabing, K.
Newbey 428, 2.ix.l962 (PERTH); 14 miles NE of Gnowangerup, K. Newbey 3437, 16.ix.l97l
(PERTH); E of Kondinin, 32°27,S 1 18°30’E, A.S. George 9880, 30. vi. 1970 (PERTH).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia temata var. austrofoliosa occurs in an area bound
approximately by Lake Grace, Tarin Rock, Nyabing, Gnowangerup and Ongerup,
Western Australia (Fig. 3). It is found in heath and mallee woodland on sand and laterite.

Conservation status: A ROTAP code of 2RC- is appropriate; found in Tarin Rock
Reserve.

Etymology: The varietal epithet is derived from the Latin, austro (southern) and foliosus

Boronia sect. Valvatae

33

(leafy), and alludes to this variety being the southern form of B. temata var. foliosa,
within which specimens previously had been placed.

7. Boronia adamsiana F. Muell., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 5: 15 (1890). Type
citation: “In the eastern interior of West Australia, at Mangowine, with Cyanostegia
Turczaninowii\ Miss A. Adams.” Type: Mangowine (Eastern Interior W.A.), Miss
Annie Adams, 1889 (lectotype, here designated, MEL 2041246; isolectotyptes K n.v.
(cibachrome MEL 2041217; photograph AD 99548106), NSW 122240, PERTH
999172).

Illustration: S. Hopper et al. Western Australia’s Endangered Flora, 39 (1990).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall, with a woolly, grey, dense stellate indumentum
on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts (Fig. 4d). Multiangular stellate hairs with
c. 10-20 rays; rays 0.5-2 mm long. Branch hair density even, becoming glabrous as they
age. Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, attenuate; terminal leaflet
5-17 mm long, 1.5-5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 4-15 mm long, 1-5 mm wide.

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of leaf-surfaces of B. subsect. Ternatae. a - B.
ternata var. ternata {Duretto et al. 182, MEL, x100); b - B. ternata var. promiscua {Duretto
et al. 221 A, MEL, x140); c - B. ternata var. austrofoliosa (Duretto et al. 233, MEL, x140);
d - B. adamsiana (Smith 597, MEL, x60); e - B. ericifotia, adaxial surface (Duretto et al.
154, MEL, x100); f - B. ericifotia, abaxial surface (Duretto et al. 154, MEL, x140).

34

M.F. Duretto

Inflorescence I flowered; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls c. 0.5 mm long;
metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 0.5-1 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 3^.5
mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide, enlarging to 6 mm long as fruit matures, about same length
and width as petals; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum. Petals 4-5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures;
adaxial surface glabrous or with few hairs at tip; abaxial surface with a moderately dense
stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 2-2.5 mm long, the distal c. 0.5 mm
prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther
not frosty; anther-apiculum large, reflexcd. Cocci c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, with a
sparse to moderately dense simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seed 2.5-3.5 mm long,
\—\ .5 mm w\de. Barhalin Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 20 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH WEST
BOTANICAL PROVINCE; AVON REGION: North Wialki, 13 miles from Beacon to Wialki Rd,
30°17’S 118°04’E, B.H. Smith 597, 20.vii.l985 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); Kuser Rd/Burakin-
Bonnie Rock Rd between 3.8 and 4.8 km N of junction with Bonnie Rock-Mukinbudin Rd,
30°31’S 1I8°17.5’E, P.H. Brown 98 and J. Carter, I4.ix.l990 (PERTH); Allotment CG4052,
30°25’S \ \8°0yE, M.F. Duretto 172 and M. Bayly, IS.viii. 1992 (MEL, NSW, WAU); E of Barbalin
North Rd with access c. 12 km NNE of Kalyanbudding Hill, 22.5 km NNW of Mukinbudin,
30°43’S 118°09’E, F.H. and M.P. Mollemans 3359 (PERTH); 3 and 3.25 km S of Junction of
Barbalin North Rd and Aitken Rd, 8.15 km NNW of Mukinbudin, 30°43’50”S 1 18°08’30”E, F.H.
and M.P. Mollemans 3358, 5.ix.l990 (PERTH); 1.5 km NW of Dajoing Rocks and 9.5 km NW of
Wialki, Northern Wheatbelt, 30°25’S 118°02’E, F.H. and M.P. Mollemans 3374 (PERTH);
Barbalin Rock Water Reserve, c. 13 km SW of Mukinbudin, 30°58’S 1 18°6’E, H.C. Venning s.n.,
19.vi. 1987 (PERTH); 22.75 km 154 deg. from Trayning and 3.68 km along Doherty Rd from Ryans
Rd, 31°18’19”S 1 17°53’38”E, F.H. and M.P. Mollemans 3215, 20.viii.l990 (PERTH); 8 miles N of
Wialki, 30°22’S 1 18°7’E, J.S. Beard 4725, 16.vii.l967 (PERTH); Clark Rd, 22.1 km N of Bonnie
Rock-Barakin Rd, c. 13 km N of Conical Hill, 30°16’S 118°4’E, A.S. George 16433, 21.x. 1984
(CANB, PERTH); 175 mile peg on Wubin-Paynes Find Rd, A. Fairall 1765, 19.vii.l966 (CANB,
PERTH).

Typification: A single collection is cited in the protologue of B. adamsiana: ‘In Eastern
interior of W.A., at Mangowine, Miss A. Adams.' Specimens matching this information
have been located at MEL, NSW and PERTH. The MEL specimen is the largest, and in
the best condition, and is chosen as the lectotype.

Notes: Boronia adamsiana differs from B. temata by the longer rays on the stellate
hairs (0.5-2, not 0.045-0.5 mm long; Figs 4a-d) that give the plant a woolly appearance,
and sepals that are approximately as long as, rather than much shorter than, the petals.
Rao and Bhattacharya (1981) reported that this species has polymorphic, branched
sclereids.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia adamsiana occurs in the Muckinbudin- Wialki area,
and an isolated collection has been made on the Wubin-Paynes Find Road, Western
Australia (Fig. 3). It is found in scrub and heath on yellow sand often near granite
outcrops (Hopper et al. 1990). Flowering and fruiting: June-October.

Conservation status: Once thought be extinct (Hopper et al. 1990), but now B.
adamsiana is known from several populations. Some of the.se populations are in small
re.serves, for example Karroun Hill NR. Briggs and Leigh (1996) gave a ROTAP ccxle of
3V to this species but 3VC- is probably appropriate.

Boronia sect. Valvatae sub.sect. Ternatae ser. 2. Ericifoliae Duretto ser. nov. Foliola
elliptica anguste, revoluta, acuta, et discoloria. Sp. typica: B. ericifolia Benth.

Leaves trifoliolate; the leaflets narrowly elliptic to linear, acute, strongly discolourous.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

35

paler beneath, dorsiventral, adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse indumentum,
abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense indumentum (Figs 4e, f), the margins
revolute. Style glabrous.

The series contains two species in south-western Australia (Fig. 3) and is characterised
by narrowly elliptic, discolourous leaves with revolute margins. Both species are found
on lateritic hills.

8. Boronia ericifolia Benth., FI. austral. 1: 313 (1863). Type citation: “W. Australia,
Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 46.” Type: Swan River, W. Australia, Drummond n. 46,
Coll. 1843 (lectotype, here designated, K {hb. benth.) n.v. (cibachrome MEL
2041215, photograph AD 99548138); isolectotypes BM n.v. (transparencies MEL
2041219, PERTH), K (ex Linnean Society) n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041216), MEL
2041253).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1.5 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 2-10 rays; rays
0.05-0.25 mm long (Figs 4e, f). Branches with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum, the hair density even, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves sessile,
trifoliolate, sometimes simple on few nodes of auxiliary branches; terminal leaflet longer
than laterals, 4-1 1 mm long, 0.5-1 .5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 3-10 mm long, 0.5-1 mm
wide. Inflorescence with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle

O. 5-1 mm long; prophylls 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute;
anthopodium 1-2 mm long. Sepals narrowly debate, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide,
acute, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial
surface with a dense stellate indumentum (Fig. 4f). Petals 5-7 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm
wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple or stellate
indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a dense stellate
indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the distal c. 0.5 mm prominently
glandular; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of antber not or slightly
frosty, anther-apiculum large and reflexed. Cocci 3.5-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide,
glabrous. Seeds 2.5-3. 5 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide. Wongan Hills Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 25 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH WEST
BOTANICAL PROVINCE; AVON REGION: Rowes Rd W of Moora, 30°42’S 115°52’E, F.W.
Humphreys 28, 6.ix.l966 (PERTH); 8 miles W of Moora, 30°37’S 1 15°52’E, K.R. Newbey 2305,
fix. 1965 (PERTH); Near Great Eastern Highway, S of Pithara, B. and B. Backhouse BEl,
1 l.vi.l992 (PERTH); Marne Rd, S of Pithara, B. and B. Backhouse BE2, 19.iv.l992 (PERTH); 5
km N of Mame-Northam-Pithara Rd, B. and B. Backhouse N/627, 1 1 .vi. 1 992 (PERTH); Kondut in
Wongan Hills, 30°42’S 1 16°46’E, C.A. Gardner 2721, 23.ix.1931 (PERTH); Mt Matilda, c. 7 miles
NW of Wongan Hills, 30°48’S 116°37’E, B.H. Smith 1349, 21.viii.l990 (CANB, MEL); Monk’s
Well Gully, 1.5 km NE of Mt Rupert, Wongan Hills, 194 km NE of Perth, K.E Kenneally 1322,
15.vi.l974 (PERTH); 15.9 km along Wongan-Piawanning Rd, from the Wongan Hills Township,
30°49’S 1 16°35’E, L. Nunn 34, 4.ix.l985 (CANB; PERTH); Wongan Hills, 1 km E of Wilding Rd
turnoff on Wongan Hills-Pianwaning Rd, c. 30°50’S 1 16°35’E, M.F. Duretto 152 and M. Bayly,
13.viii.l992 (MEL); Wongan Hills, exactly 10 km along Wilding Rd from junction with Wongan
Hills-Pianwaning Rd, c. 30°50’S 1 16°35’E, M.E Duretto 154 and M. Bayly, 13.viii.l992 (MEL,
NSW, WAU); 10 km from Wongan Hills towards Piawaning, 30°50’S 1 16°39’E, J. Taylor 2191 and

P. Ollerenshaw, 24.ix.1983 (CANB, MEL); Wongan Hills, Pistol club, 30°53’S 116°42’E, B.H.
Smith 669, 18.vii.l986 (CANB, MEL, NSW); Fowlers Gully, 2 km S of Wongan-Piawanning Rd,
Wongan Hills, 194 km NE of Perth, K.E Kenneally 2334, 21.viii.l974 (MEL, PERTH).

Typiflcation: Bentham (1863) cited only one specimen when describing B. ericifolia:
‘W. Australia, Drummond, Coll 1843, n. 46’. Specimens matching this collection have
been located at MEL, K (two specimens, from the Swan River) and BM. Annotations on

36

M.F. Duretto

one of the K sheets state that it was a gift from the Linnean Society in 1915 and the other
is stamped ‘herbarium benthamianum 1854’. No specimens from LINN have been seen.
The specimen from Bentham’s herbarium (K) is in excellent condition and is here chosen
as the lectotype.

Notes: Boronia ericifolia can be distinguished from B. revoluta by it’s sessile leaves.

Distribution and ecology: The species occurs in the Wongan Hills and the Moora areas,
Western Australia (Fig. 3), where it is found growing in heath and woodland on laterites.
Flowering: June-October; fruiting: August-October.

Conservation status: Boronia ericifolia was given a ROTAP code of 2KC- by Briggs
and Leigh (1996) and a Priority Two rating, following the Western Australian Department
of Conservation and Land Management for Western Australian taxa, by Hopper et al.
(1990): found in the Wongamine NR. During field work in 1992 only a few, isolated
plants were seen: further surveys are required to ascertain the size and status of the
populations.

9. Boronia revoluta Paul G. Wilson, Nuytsia I: 201 (1971). Type: South Ironcap (c. 45
km NNE of Lake King township), '32°42’S 119°40’E, K.R. Newbey 3288 |‘2388’
sphalm], 4.ix.l970 (holotype PERTH 999180 (photograph PERTH 1636286):
isotypes K n.u, PERTH 1636286).

Illustration: S. Hopper et ai. Western Australia’s Endangered Flora, 39 (1990).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 2-6 rays; rays
0. l-0.25(-0.5) mm long. Branches with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum, the hair
density even, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves trifoliolate, sometimes simple at
first few nodes of axillary branches; petiole 1-2 mm long, winged; leaflets sessile;
terminal leaflet 4-8 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 2.5-7
mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide. Inflorescence glabrous or with a sparse indumentum; peduncle
2-3 mm long; prophylls and metaxyphylls 1-1.5 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide; anthop<xlium
0.5-1 mm long. Sepals narrowly debate, acute, 3-3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, not
enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous or with few simple hairs;
abaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals 6-7 mm
long, 3-4 mm wide; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent, becoming glabrous
towards base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the distal c. 0.5 mm prominently glandular;
antepetalous filaments c. I mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum
large and rellexed. Cocci glabrous (mature cocci not seen). Seed (not seen) c. 2.5 mm
long, reniform, dull {fide Wilson 1971). Ironcaps Boronia.

Additional specimens examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA; SOUTH WEST BOTANICAL
PROVINCE; ROE REGION: South Ironcap, 45 km NNE of Lake King township, 32°40’S
1 19°46’E, E.K. Newbey 5228, S.vii. 1979 (CANB, PERTH); Near summit of South Ironcap, 2.3 km
N along Forrestiana (Hatters Hill)-Southem Cro.ss Rd from junction with Carstairs Rd (from
Varley), 32°40’S 1 19°46’E, M.F. Duretto 209-213 and M. Bayly, 22.viii.l992 (MFD209: AD, BRI,
HO, MEL; M FD2 10 & 21 1 -MEL, MFD212: CANB, MEL; MFD213: CANB, MEL. NSW, WAU);
20 m E of survey marker de.signating Hatters Hill, G. Barren, 20.viii. 1989 (PERTH); Hatter’s Hill,
30 miles NE of Lake King, 32‘’49’S, 1 19°59’E, H. Steedman 32, x.1929 (PERTH); c. 50-150 m N
and NNE of Hatter Hill Trig and survey mark, 90 km N of Ravensthorpe, 32°49’S 1 19°58’E, FH.
and M.P. Mollemans 3187, 15.vii.l990 (PERTH).

Notes: Boronia revoluta is distinguishable from B. ericifolia by it’s petiolate leaves.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia revoluta is known from two ironstone hills: South
Ironcap and Hatters Hill, north-east of Lake King, Western Australia (Fig. 3), and grows

Boronia sect. Valvatae

31

in heath and woodland on ironstone. Extensive searches of Middle Ironcap (north of
South Ironcap) in 1992 did not locate any plants. Flowering: July-October; fruiting:
September- December.

Conservation status: 2V (Briggs and Leigh 1996). This species is known from two
small populations outside existing conservation reserves in an area where mining
interests are becoming apparent, especially at Hatters Hill.

Boronia secL Valvatae subsect. 2. Bowmaniae Duretto, subsect. nov. Radii pilorum
stellatorum connati. Foliola et petala in pagina abaxiale plana. Sp. typica: B.
bowmanii F. Muell.

Stellate hairs sessile; all rays appressed, fused, smooth, glossy, firm, white. Branches
quadrangular, with or without obvious glands, the hairs denser between decurrent leaf
bases. Leaves imparipinnate; rachis segments winged, wider at the distal end; leaflets
dorsiventral, epicuticular wax platelets absent, the midrib not or slightly raised on the
abaxial surface, not or slightly impressed on the adaxial surface, tightly packed tissue
between midvein and abaxial epidermis with secondary thickening, margins plane or
slightly recurved. Inflorescence (1— )3— 7-flowered; peduncle woody, persistent after
flowers; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or imparipinnate. Sepals shorter and narrower
than petals, adaxial surface glabrous or glabrescent. Petals green to white, midrib not
raised on the abaxial surface. Filaments clavate, tapering at apex, pilose below glandular
tip, antepetalous fdaments smooth; anthers attached to the apex of the fdament, all equal.
Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Seeds elliptical with adaxial side flattened and without
ridge, shiny, black; tubercles smooth, fused or unfused.

A subsection of two species from north Queensland (Fig. 5) that is characterised by
glabrescent leaves, stellate hairs with partially fused rays (especially noticeable on the
abaxial surface of the petals), petals and leaves without a raised midrib, and shiny black
seeds.

10. Boronia bowmanii F. Muell., Fragm. 4: 135 (1864) (as B. Bowmani). Type citation:
“Ad flumen Cape River. E. Bownuin“. Type: Cape River, E. Bowman (lectotype, here
designated, MEL 249188); Cape River, ? E. Bowman (probable isolectotypes BRI
AQ3I8442, MEL 249187).

Boronia platyrrachis F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 37 (1869). Type citation: “In montibus
arenoso-atque schistoso-rupestribus ad junctionem amnis Percy-River cum flumin
Gilberiti; R. Daintree.” Type: Main Gilbert River near the junction of the Percy River
on sandstone rocks [c. 19°09’S 143°27.5’E, Cook, Qld], R. Daintree s.n. (holotype
MEL 249186).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall, with a sparse stellate indumentum or glabrescent
on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 8-20
rays; rays to 0.3 mm long. Branches glandular, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves
4()-95 mm long, 20-70 mm wide in outline, with 3-9 leaflets; petiole 5-23 mm long,
winged; rachis segments 5.5-15 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, winged, broader at the distal
end; leaflets sessile, narrowly elliptic, discolourous, paler beneath, acute; terminal leaflet
10-60 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, longer than preceding laterals but otherwise shortest;
lateral leaflets 5-33 mm long, 1-4 mm wide. Peduncle l-5(-l 1) mm long; prophylls 1-7
mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 3-10 mm
long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 1. 5-2.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, not enlarging
significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface glabrous. Petals 3^ mm long, 2-3 mm

38

M.F. Duretto

wide, enlarging to 4-6 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple
indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate
indumentum, the hairs concentrated on the midrib. Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm
long, the distal 0.5-0.75 mm prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments c. I mm long;
abaxial surface of anther not frosty; anther-apiculum reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci
4.5-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds 3-4 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide; tubercles
fused into a irregular pattern.

Selected specimens seen (of c. 45 collections): QUEENSLAND; COOK DISTRICT; 14.7 km S
of Mutee Heads turnoff on the new road from Bamaga to Jardine R. crossing, c. 10 km N of
crossing, 11°3’S 142°22’E, //?. C/arCso/i 6/J6A, 29,viii. 1985 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MBA, PERTH,
QRS); Tributary of Bridge Ck crossing Cape York Devel. Rd, 1 1°15’S 142°23’E, C.F. Puttock and
R.J. King, 17.vii.l984 (BRI); 1 km NE of Glennie Ck crossing on the Track from Bromely to Bott
head, 12°17’S 142°58’E, i.R. Clarkson 8799 and K / Neldner, 13.vii.l990 (CANB, MBA);
Rollsite, 8.3 km E past Maloneys’ Springs, 48.3 km E by road from Moreton Telegraph Station,
12°28’S 143°00’E, P.l. Forster 5328, 20. vi. 1989 (BRI, CANB); Kennedy Rd, 2 miles N of Pascoe
R., 12°45’S 143°5’E, C.H. Gittens 1014, viii.1965 (BRI, NSW); Wenlock R., 17.6 km E of the
Peninsula Development Rd, 12°50’S 142°52’E, V.J. Neldner 2818 and J. R. Clarkson, 28.x. 1989
(BRI, MBA); Cabbage Tree Ck, c. 17 km ENE of the Ranger Station, Rokeby NP, 13°38’S
142°49’E, D.G. Fell 2289, 24.iv.1991 (BRI, QRS); Flinders Island, 14°H’S 144°15’E, J.LF
Cussan 527, 30.V.1995 (BRI); 12 km N of Fairlight in Fairveiw-Palmerville Rd, 15°40’S 144°03’E,
J.R. Clarkson 3251, 22. iv. 1980 (BRI, DNA, MBA, NSW, QRS); 4.3 km along the Maytown Track
travelling S from the Jowalbinna turn off, SW of Laura, 15°46.63’S 144°16.44’E, M.F Duretto 400
and A. Vadala, 24. v. 1993 (BRI, MEL); 20 miles NW of the Walsh R. Cros.sing, I6°45’S 144°5’E,
B. Hyland 5852, 27. i. 1972 (QRS); 42 km along road to Blackdown Station, off the Chilligo to
Wrolham Park Rd, 17°rS 143°47’E, PI. Forster 8406, l .vi.l99l (BRI, MEL, PERTH); NORTH
KENNEDY DISTRICT; Swamp Ck, Tin Dump, ‘Mt Surprise’, 1 8°0+’S I49°0+’E, I.G. Champion
372. 30,iii.l988 (BRI); 40 km N of Georgetown, I8°00’S I43°28’E, B.L Rice 2413, 27.V.I977
(BRI, CANB, NSW); Cave Ck, Armit 760 (Robertson) (MEL); c. 9 km W of the Stockmans Ck
crossing towards Forsyth from Einasleigh, 18°32.7rS 143°52.41’E, M.F. Duretto 375 and A.
Vadala, I7.V.1993 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); S of Forsyth, Cobbold Ck Gorge, I8°50’S
I43°24’E, C. Dalliston HC389, ll.viii.l987 (BRI); Mt Sturgeon Station, N of Hughenden
[20°27’S 144°I6’E], C.E. Hubbard 7747 and C. Winders, 16.xi.l931 (BRI); 8.5 miles W of
Pentland Township, 20°32’S I45”16’E, M. Lazarides 3550, 20.vi.l953 (CANB, DNA); North
Brand Ck, White Mountains NP, W of Charters Towers, 20°36’S I45°I0’E, A.R. Bean, I3.iv.l992
(CANB); Crest of western escarpment of Great Dividing Ra., 12 miles E of ‘The Lynd’ 1 18°56’S
144°23’E], S.T. Blake 19463, 1 1.vii.l954 (BRI, CANB).

Typiftcation: One collection is cited in the protologue of B. howmanii: ‘Ad flumen Cape
River, E. Bownmn' . A single specimen matching the locality and collector information
has been located at MEL and is designated the lectotypc. Other specimens matching the
IcKality information, but without the collector information, have been located at MEL and
BRI, and are probably duplicates.

Notes: Mueller described B. howmanii and B. platyrrachis five years apart and must have
realised his duplication since he did not list B. platyrrachis in either of his census of the
Australian flora (Mueller 1882, 1889).

Specimens of B. howmanii collected in areas north of Laura tend to have much
narrower leaflets and marginally less hirsute petals than those found south of Laura.
Specimens collected around the Jardine River have extremely narrow leaflets while
collections from the Iron Range have leaves that are intermediate between the narrow-
and widcr-leaflet forms. If further collections and research show the.se forms warrant
taxonomic recognition then the northern taxa will require new names as both B.
howmanii and B. platyrrachis were described from southern material.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

39

Fig. 5. Distribution of Boronia subsect. Bowmaniae: B. bowmanii (O), B. squamipetala (•).

Boronia bowmanii is distinguished from B. squamipetala by its longer and narrower
leaflet^ shorter petals with a sparse indumentum on the abaxial surface; and from other
north Queensland boromas by having plane and very narrow, glabrous to glabrescent

Distribution and ecology: Boronia bowmanii occurs between Bamaga and Charters
fowers/Pentland, mainly along the Great Dividing Range, Queensland (Fig 5)- it is
absent from the Humid Wet Tropics. The species is found in open forest, woodland and

OcTobe^r'^"'"’'*"’*’^^’ flowering and fruiting: January-

Conservation status: Though common, widespread and represented in several reserves
m the northern end of its range, the southern populations are few, isolated and not
represented m reserves.

11 .

Boronia squamipetala Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 295 (1999). Type: 19 km from
Peninsula development Rd on a track to Wolverton via the Cook Tin Mine, 13°21’S
143 3 E, J.R. Clarkson Will and V.J. Neldner, 23. vi. 1993 (holotype MEL 2036781-
isotypes BRI AQ62I834, K /i.v., L, MBA, MEL 2036782).

Boronia sp. “Massy Creek, Rocky River” (/?. Coveny 7174)
McDonald (1987, p. 49; 1989, p. 46).

sensu Thomas and

40

M.F. Duretto

Roronia sp.3 (Massey Creek, Rocky River; R. Coveny 7174) sensu Briggs and Leigh
(1996, p. 167).

Roronia sp. (Massey Creek R.G. Coveny+ 7174) sensu Forster (1997, p. 185).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 6-25 rays;
rays to 0.1 mm long. Branches not obviously glandular, decurrent leaf bases absent, with
a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves 33-55 mm long, 12-20 mm wide in outline, with 5-13 leaflets, glabrescent or
with a sparse indumentum, the hairs mainly on the midrib; petiole 6-15 mm long,
winged; rachis segments 2-10 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, winged, broader at the distal end;
leaflets sessile, elliptic, acute, slightly discolourous, paler beneath; terminal leaflet 8-20
mm long, 2-6 mm wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 3-13 mm long, 1-3 mm
wide. Inflorescence with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 1-2
mm long; prophylls 1-3 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long;
anthopodium 2-i mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, c. 2 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, not
enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface glabrescent or with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum, the hairs mainly at base. Petals 4-7 mm long,
2.5^ mm wide, enlarging to 6-8 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous or
with a sparse simple indumentum, mainly at tip and along the margins; abaxial surface
with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, the hairs concentrated on the midrib.
Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the distal 0.5-0.75 mm prominently glandular;
antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty; anther-
apiculum absent or minute to large, erect. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-5.5 mm long, 2.5-3
mm wide, glabrous. Seeds 3—4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide; tubercles unfused.

Additional specimens examined: QUEENSLAND; COOK DISTRICT: Heathlands Pastoral
Station on road between the slaughter yard and the Telegraph Line Rd, 11°47’S 142°30’E, A.
Morion 631, 1 5. v. 1980 (BRI); Bacon Ck, Archer R., 13°20’S 142°50’E, 0. //y/W 6239, 6. vii. 1972
(BRI, CANB, NSW, QRS); 13 km along road to Leo Ck mine, Mcllwraith Range, 13°43’S
143°12’E, Forster 10098, 3.vi.l992 (BRI, MEL); 3.5 km NNE Massy Ck crossing. Silver Plains
Station. ea.stem fall of Mcllwraith Range, 13°53’S 143°3rE, Pi Forster 13618, 15.vii.l993
(CANB, MEL. NSW); 8 miles from Kennedy Rd on Leo Ck Track, I3°3-’S 143°2-’E, C.H. Gittens
1781, vii.1968 (BRI, CANB, NSW); TR. 14, Leo Ck Rd. 13°40’S 143°20’E, A. Irvine 372,
22.ix.1972 (QRS); 4.2 km (2.6 miles) by road E of Wenlock R. towards Pa.scoe R. on Iron Range
Rd, 124 km by road NNW of Coen PO, 1 3°06’ I42°59’E, R.G. Coveny 7174 and P. Hind,
16.ix.l975 (BRI, MELU, NSW, PERTH); 10 miles N of Archer R. on Kennedy Rd, 13°25’S
142‘’50’E, B. Hyland 7014, 26.x. 1973 (BRI, QRS); Between Massy Ck and Rocky R. on Cape York
Rd. I3°55’S 143°30’E, B. Hyland 55 15, I6.ix.l971 (BRI, MEL, QRS); 45 km N of Coen on Cape
York Rd, J. Wrigley and /. Telford NQ1710, 25.vi.1972 (BRI, CANB).

Notes: Roronia squaniipetala can be distinguished from R. howmanii by its shorter and
wider leaflets, and by the larger petals that have a dense indumentum on the abaxial
surface.

Distribution and ecology: Roronia squamipetala occurs mainly on the Iron and
Mclilwraith Ranges, Cape York, Queensland (Fig. 5), where it is found in open woodland
or forest and heath on loams, sand, or rock pavements. Flowering and fruiting: May-
October.

Conservation status: 3RC- (Duretto 1999): probably represented in Iron Range N.P.
and Mclilwraith Range N.P.

Roronia sect, Valvatae subsect. 3. Valvatae. Sp. typica: sub infra Roronia ser. Valvatis

indicatur.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

41

Multiangular stellate hairs sessile or stalked; rays unfused, texture various, not appressed.
Branches terete to quadrangular, not obviously glandular (except B. eriantha), decurrent
leaf bases absent (except B. eriantha, B.fraseri), the hair density usually even (except B.
eriantha). Leaves simple or imparipinnate; rachis segments winged, elliptical or rarely
wider at the distal end; lamina epicuticular wax platelets absent, dorsiventral,
discolourous, paler beneath; the midrib raised on the abaxial surface or not, usually
impressed on the adaxial surface, tightly packed tissue between midvein and abaxial
surface. Inflorescence 1 -many-flowered; secondary branches reduced so as to make the
inflorescence umbel-like. Sepals shorter and narrower than petals, rarely as long (B.
quinkanensis)', adaxial surface with a dense and minute indumentum, becoming glabrous
towards base, or rarely glabrous or glabrescent (B. duiganiae, B. lanceolata). Petals
usually pink, sometimes white, rarely green-yellow {B. rupicola), abaxial surface with
prominently raised midrib and usually with weak, white, fine, flexuous stellate hairs.
Filaments clavate, tapering at apex, antepetalous filaments usually tuberculate; anthers
attached to the apex of the filament (except B. alulata, B. hoipolloi, B. quinkanensis) on
filament, all equal in size, abaxial surface usually frosty (except B. rupicola, B.
hoipolloi). Seeds elliptical in outline, adaxial side flattened and without ridge, shiny,
rarely dull (B. hoipolloi, B. lanceolata, B. rupicola), black, at magnification tuberculate;
tubercles smooth, unfused.

Boronia subsection Valvatae contains 30 species (classified into four series) and is
found in the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria (Figs 6-13).

Fig. 6. Distribution of Boronia subsect. Valvatae.

42

M.F. Duretto

The subsection is characterised by the prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface
of the petals and the umbel-like inflorescence. Unlike elsewhere in this treatment, taxa in
this subsection are not listed in phyletic sequence (cf. Duretto and Ladiges 1999).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Valvatae ser. 1. Erianthae Duretto, ser. nov. Foliola
glabra vel indumento stellato sparso, in pagina abaxiale plana. Sp typica: B. eriantha
Lindl.

Erect shrubs. Multiangular stellate hairs stalked or sessile. Peltate stellate hairs absent.
Leaves petiolate, imparipinnate (rarely the younger distal leaves becoming unifoliolate,
B. rubiginosa) or simple (B. repanda), glabrous or with a sparse to moderately dense
stellate indumentum; rachis segments triangular or oval; lamina slightly discolourous,
paler beneath, the midrib not or barely raised on the abaxial surface, cells without
secondary thickening between midvein and epidermis, not or barely impressed on the

Fig. 7. Distribution of Boronia series Erianthae: B. rubiginosa (•), B. eriantha (A), B.
warnjmbunglensis (A), 6. aff. granitica (Bolivia Hill) (★), B. granitica (□), B. repanda (■);
series Fraseriae: B. f rased {•Ci), B. keysii {O).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

43

adaxial surface, the margins plane or slightly recurved. Petals pink or white. Disc entirely
within stamen whorl. Seed shiny.

A series of five species from Queensland and New South Wales (Fig. 7), characterised
by the small, petiolate leaves that are glabrous or have a sparse stellate indumentum, and
leaflets without a prominently raised midrib on the abaxial surface.

12. Boronia rubiginosa A. Cunn. ex. Endl. in Engl, et al. Enum. pL, 16 (1837). B.
ledifolia van ? rubiginosa (A. Cunn. ex Endl.) Benth., FI. austral. 1; 314 (1863). Type
Citation: “Hunters-River. (A. Cunningh. 1827)”. Type: (syntype W? «.v.); Hunter
River ?, A.C. Cunningham, 1827 (probable syntype K (ex Linnean Society) n.v.
(cibachrome MEL 2044562)); Mt Dangar [c. 32°21’S 150°29’E, Central Western
Slopes, NSW], A.C. Cunningham 60, Aug. 1827 (probable syntype K (ex Allan
Cunningham’s Australian herbarium) n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2044563)).

Boronia ruppii Cheel, J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 61: 404 (1928). Type
Citation: “This species seems to be restricted to the Woods’ Reef Serpentine, and was
originally collected by the Rev. H. M. R. Rupp at Wollombin in September, 1912, and
afterwards by Mr. A. J. Spencer.” Type: Barraba, Rev. H.M.R. Rupp, xi.l912
(lectotype, here designated, NSW 122245); Woods Reef, Barraba District, Rev.
H.M.R. Rupp, ix.l913 (probable residual syntype MEL 260366 [ex MELUj);
Barraba, Mr A.J Spencer, xi.l924 (probable residual syntype: MEL 260367 [ex
MELU]).

Boronia sp. E (aff. ruppii) sensu Jacobs and Pickard (1981, P- 191).

Illustrations: A. Fairley and P. Moore, Native Plants of the Sydney District, 203 pi. 806
(1989, as B. ruppii); L. Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, 116
(1990, as B. ruppii); P.H. Weston and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 233
(1991, as R ruppii).

Shrub to 2 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, 8-20
rays; rays firm, straight, white to red-brown, 0.1-0.25 mm long. Branches slightly
quadrangular, with a dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves
8-46(-60.5) mm long, 4—35 mm wide in outline, with l-5(-7) leaflets, the leaflet number
per leaf increasing along branches, the younger distal leaves sometimes becoming
unifoliolate, glabrous or glabrescent; petiole 2-10(-15) mm long, winged; rachis
segments 2-12 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, winged, widest at the distal end or oval; leaflets
oblanceolate, sessile, plane, obtuse, glabrous to glabrescent, hairs concentrated on the
midrib; terminal leaflet 4-23 mm long, 3-10 mm wide; lateral leaflets 3-11 mm long,
1-7 mm wide. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum; peduncle 2-8.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely
imparipinnate, 0.5-1 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum; metaxyphylls absent or minute; anthopodium 3-10 mm long. Sepals ovate-
deltate, acute, 2-5 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures;
abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 6-1 1 mm
long, 3^.5 mm wide; adaxial surface with a sparse simple indumentum; abaxial surface
glabrescent or with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous
filaments 1.5-2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous
filaments slightly tuberculate, 1-1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum minute to large, erect or
reflexed. Style glabrous or with few hairs at base. Cocci 4-6 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide,
glabrous or densely hirsute. Seeds 3^ mm long, 2-3 mm wide.

44

M.F. Duretto

Selected specimens examined (of c. 55 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES: NORTHERN
TABLELANDS: Woods Reef, 20 km E of Bundarrah, 30°23’S 150°46’E, D.B. Foreman 1025,
18.viii.l985 (CANB, MEL) CENTRAL WEST SLOPES: S of Lee’s Pinch Lookout area, 5.6 km
N of Wollar-Sandy Hollow Rd, 32°18’S 150°02’E, J.M. Powell 2960, 26.vii.1987 (BRI, CANB,
NSW); Goulboum R. NP, 38.4 km SW of Merriwa on Merriwa-Mudgee Rd, 32° 18’S 150°03’E,
B. Hadlow 572, 9.x. 1988 (CANB); Bobadeen, Ulan, 32°17’S 149°45’E, G. Althofer, 9.vi.l973
(NSW); Holbrook Castle, 5 miles [8.1 km] S of Holbrook, 30 km SSW of Sandy Hollow, 32°44’S
150°18’E, T. and J. Whaite 3353, 4.ix.l969 (CANB, MELU, NSW); CENTRAL TABLELANDS:
Genowlan Mt, 7 miles NE of Capertee, 33°05’S 150°04’E, E.F. Constable 5042, 23. ix. 1964
(CANB, NSW, PERTH); Mt Penang, Berrima District, NSW, / Cosh, 16.xi.l981 (NSW); Wollemi
NP, Glen Davis, track on east side of Green Gully below cliff c. 1.8, km SSW of Glen Davis PO,
33°07’S 150°16’E, FE. Davis 285 and B. Rimes, 2.xii.l987 (CANB); 10 miles W of Bowral, R.A.
Rodway 1023, x.1919 (NSW); CENTRAL COAST: Kenthurst, R. Rymer, 1985 (NSW); Above
Roberts Falls, Bulls Ridge, East Kurrajong, 33°29’55”S 150°47’35”E, T.A. James 1205, 14.x. 1990
(NSW); Sandy Ridge above Turnbulb Arm of Colo R., c. 10 miles N of Wilberforce, P. Mathews
(NSW); Blaxlands Ridge via Windsor, NSW, C. Burgess, 30.vii.l969 (AD, BRI, CANB, NSW);
Culoul Range, btw Colo R. and Windsor-Singleton Rd, c. 6 miles NW of grassy hill, B.G. Briggs,
25.ii.1968 (NSW)); Putty Rd, M.E. Phillips, 14.viii.l961 (CANB).

Taxonomy: Endlicher (1837) based his description of B. rubiginosa on material with
glabrous leaves that was collected by Alan Cunningham from the Hunters River in 1 827.
Two collections made by Allan Cunningham in 1827 have been located at K: one is
labelled ‘Boronia rubiginosa. N. S. W. Mr. A. Cunningham’ with an annotation slip, in a
different hand, reading ‘ A. Cun , in Hiig. enum. Hunter R.? / 1827’; the other specimen
was part of Allan Cunningham’s Australian Herbarium and is labelled ‘Mount Dangar, N.
S. Wales, A. Cunningham No 60, Aug 1827’. [Mount Dangar is approximately five
kilometres from the Hunter River.] These specimens are probably syntypes of B.
rubiginosa and belong to the same species as the plant described by Cheel (1928) as B.
ruppii. The name B. rubiginosa has been misapplied for most of this century (cf Jacobs
and Pickard 1981; Weston et al. 1 984; Weston 1 990; Weston and Porteners 1991; Duretto
1995; Briggs and Leigh 1996; Duretto and Ladiges 1999) to a taxon with a dense
indumentum on the abaxial surface of the leaves (see B. angustisepala, sf)ecies 23 below).

In the protologue of B. ruppii two sjtecimens are cited: “This spiecies seems to be
restricted to the Woods’ Reef Serpentine, and was originally collected by the Rev. H. M.
R. Rupp at Wollombin in September, 1912, and afterwards by Mr. A. J. Spencer”. A Rupp
collection from Woods Reef, Barraba, made in November of 1912 has been located at
NSW, and another made in September of 1913 at MEL. A Spencer collection from
Barraba (September 1924) has also been found at MEL. Of these, Cheel would have only
definitely seen the first collection by Rupp and, despite the mismatch of months, is
chosen here as the lectotype.

Notes: Boronia rubiginosa is variable in leaf and flower size, and in the density of the
indumentum on the abaxial surfaces of the sepals and petals (for a detailed discussion see
Weston 1990). Currently this variation is being studied in detail by Jeremy Bruhl and
Kathy Owen (NE) and preliminary results suggests that there are at least two taxa
subsumed under this name. Cheel (1928) suggested that B. ruppii (= B. rubiginosa) has
affinities with B. fraseri, from which it can be distinguished by not having a prominently
raised midrib on the abaxial surface of the leaves, the smaller leaflets and the branchlets
only slightly quadrangular. Boronia rubiginosa is more closely related to B. eriantha
(Duretto and Ladiges 1999) from which it can be distinguished by its smooth branchlets,
and to B. warrumhunglensis from which it differs by its larger leaves and flowers.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia rubiginosa occurs, though patchy in distribution, from
Berrima to Barraba, New South Wales (Fig. 7), where it is found growing in dry woodland

Boronia sect. Valvatae

45

on sandstone or serpentine. Flowering: July-November; fruiting: October-December.

Conservation status: 3RC-.

13. Boronia eriantha Lindl. in Mitchell, J. exped. trap. Australia, p. 298 (1848). Type:
Sub-Tropical New Holland [near Mt Playfair, central Queensland, Warrego District,
c. 25°03’S 147°10’E], Lieut.-Col. Sir T L Mitchell 301, 11 Sept. 1846 (lectotype,
here designated, CGE (ex herb. j. lindley) n.v. (transparency MEL 2041243); Sub-
Tropical New Holland [camp XLVI, near the Pyramids, Leichhardt district, Qld, c.
24°10’S 147°24’E], Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L. Mitchell 296, 5 Sept. 1846 (residual syntype
CGE (ex herb. j. lindley) n.v. (transparency MEL 2041239 - left hand specimen));
Sub-Tropical New Holland [near the Pyramids or Mt Faraday, Leichhardt District,
Qld, c. 24°10’S 147°24’E], Lieut.-Col. Sir T. L Mitchell 403, 10 Oct. 1846 (residual
syntype CGE (ex herb. j. lindley) n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041239, right hand
specimen)); River Salvatore [Leichhardt District, Qld, c. 24°30’S 147°30’E], Colonel
Mitchell , 2-5 Sept. 1846 (residual syntype MEL 249190); Sub Tropical New
Holland, Lieutenent-Colonel Sir T. L. Mitchell 354 (LINDLEY), 1846 (residual
syntype NSW); Near Mt Pluto [Leichhardt District, Qld, c. 25°S 147°19’E], Sir Th.
Mitchell No. 403 (residual syntypte MEL 249189); In Australia orientalis sub tropica
[central Qld], Mitchell (residual syntype BM (ex herb. h.f. hance 4638) n.v.
(transparency MEL 2041220)); New Holland, [near Mt Playfair, central Queensland,
Warrego District, c. 25°03’S 147°10’E], Sir T.L. Mitchell 304, ll.ix.1846 (residual
syntype TCD).

Much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, c. 8-20 rays; rays
firm, straight, dull, white to red-brown, 0.1-0.25 mm long. Branches quadrangular, with
a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum between the decurrent leaf bases, other
areas glabrous or with a sparse indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age, with
obvious hemispherical glands. Leaves (5-)10-24 mm long, (2-)6-16 mm wide in outline,
with (l-)3-l 1 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches, the younger
distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate, sometimes obviously glandular, glabrous or
glabrescent; petiole 2-6 mm long, not winged; rachis segments winged, the distal end
wider, 3-7 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; leaflets sessile, slightly oblanceolate, obtuse,
glabrous to glabrescent, hairs concentrated on the midrib, plane; terminal leaflet 2-7.5
mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide, shorter than laterals, the midrib slightly reflexed; lateral
leaflets 3-9 mm long, 1-3.5 mm wide. Inflorescence 1 (— 3)-flowered, glabrous to
glabrescent; peduncle 0.5-2.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely
imparipinnate, 0.5-3 mm long, to 1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 1.5 mm long;
anthopodium 3-6 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acuminate, 2-5 mm long, 1 .5-3 mm
wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent
or with a dense stellate indumentum (in some specimens from n. Qld). Petals 6-1 1 mm
long, 3.5-5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrescent to
sparsely simple pubescent; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 2-2.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal
0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, 1-1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum
minute or large, erect or reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci c. 5.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide,
with a sparse to moderately dense simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seeds 3.5-4 mm
long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 30 collections): QUEENSLAND; NORTH KENNEDY
DISTRICT: Narrow gorge on a tributary of Oxley Ck, White Mountains, N of Hughenden, 20°19’S
144°29’E, M. Godwin C2771, vii.1984 (BRl); Edge of White Mountains at ‘Warang’ Station,
NQId, c. 20°26.5’S 144°50.0’E, 7857-741383, M.F. Duretto 369 and 4. Vadala, 15.V.I993 (MEL);

46

M.F. Diiretto

Edge of White Mountains at “Warang” Station, c. 20°26.5’S 144°50’E, M.F. Duretto 370 and A.
Vadala, 15.v. 1993 (BRI, JCT, MEL); Sandstone Wall, White Mountains, on gorge at head of
Torrens Ck, 20°27’S 145°54’E, R.J. Cummings 11237, 17.vii.l991 (BRI); LEICHHARDT
DISTRICT: Near Mt Mooloolong, Carnarvon Range SW of Springsure, C. H. Gittens 1161,
vii.1966 (BRI, NSW); Salvatore Rosa NP, Sentinel Mountain, 24°48’S 147°8’E, M.E. Ballingall
MEB437, 30.x. 1981 (BRI); Yarra Gorge, Salvatore Rosa NP, c. 70 miles SW of Springsure, L.H.
Cockburn, xii.1966 (BRI); Near Louisa Bore, Mt Playfair Station, 25°4’S 147°1’E, J. Armstrong
1004 and D. E Blaxell, 29.viii.1977 (NSW); Alice Bore, Mt Playfair Station, Northern Boundry,
25°4’S 147°1’E, J. Armstrong 1001 and D. E Blaxell, 29.viii.1977 (NSW); Near Mt Hotspur, just
off Bedford Rd, c. 40 km N of Mungallala, Chesterton Ra., 26°0-’S 147°2-’E, P. Grimshaw and P.
Taylor CHRl, 5.vi.l990 (BRI); Mount Mobil Holding, 15-20 km W of Umbervill Homestead,
26°14’S 147°25’E, P. Grimshaw CHR19, 8.xi.l990 (BRI).

Typification: No specimens were cited when B. eriantha was described, but it can be
assumed that the description was based on material that Lindley collected or saw in
central Queensland while travelling with Mitchell. On the 5th of September, 1846
Mitchell’s party came across a ‘handsome new Boronia’ at camp XLIV near the Pyramids
(Mitchell 1848, pp. 297-8, 432) and Lindley later described this species as B. eriantha
(loc. id., p. 298). Specimens collected from this area and around this time by Mitchell or
Lindley have been located at BM, CGE , MEL and NSW. Specimens collected on the 5th
and 1 1th of September, and the 10th of October, 1846, are housed at CGE . The specimen
collected on the 1 1th of September, 1846 (Sub-Tropical New Holland, Lieut.-Col. SirT.L
Mitchell 291) is in the best condition and is chosen here as the lectotype. This collection
was once in Lindley’s herbarium (label on sheet), and so there is no doubt that Lindley
saw this collection. As the other specimens at BM, MEL, NSW and CGE are not from
the same gathering they can be treated as residual syntypes.

Notes: The collections of B. eriantha from the White Mountains or Warang differ from
those from the Carnarvon Range by sometimes having a dense indumentum on the
abaxial surface of the calyx, and slightly broader leaflets. This species can not be
confused with any other Boronia species in the Carnarvon Ranges as it has glabrescent
pinnate leaves and a stellate-pubescence on the stems and the abaxial surface of the
petals. Boronia eriantha can be distinguished from B. bowmanii in north Queensland by
its shorter and wider oblanceolate leaflets and the raised midrib on the abaxial surface of
the petals, and from other members of Boronia subsect. Valvatae by the prominent
hemispherical glands on the branchlets.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia eriantha occurs in the Carnarvon Ranges of central
Queensland, and the White Mountains (Warang) of north Queensland (Fig. 7). Ross
(1994) states that this species is also found in the Moreton and Wide Bay districts: no
specimens have been seen from these regions. This species is found in eucalypt open
woodland or forest on sandstone, often associated with heavily dissected gorge country.
Flowers April-September; fruiting: May-December.

Conservation status: Briggs and Leigh (1996) gave a ROTAP code of 2RC- to this
species. The disjunct population in the North Kennedy District makes a ROTAP ctxle of
3RC- more appropriate. Boronia eriantha is found in the Carnarvon N.P. and Warang N.R
and is probably secure.

14. Boronia warrumbunglensis P. H. Weston, Telopea 4: 125 (1990). Type: New South
Wales; North West Slopes, Oxley Highway, 10 km S of Coonabarabran, 31°23’S
149°15’E, M.G. Corrick 5883, 9.ix.l977 (holotype; NSW; isotype MEL 516903).

Boronia sp. G (aff. granitica) sensu Jacobs and Pickard (1981, p. 191).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

47

Illustration: P.H. Weston and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 233 (1991).

Much branched shrub to 1 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular stellate hairs
sessile, c. 6-15 rays; rays firm, straight, dull, white to red-brown, 0.1-0.25 mm long.
Branches terete, with a dense stellate indumentum, hair distribution even, becoming
glabrous as they age. Leaves 6-32 mm long, 2-27 mm wide in outline, with (l-)3-7
leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches, the younger distal leaves
not becoming unifoliolate, the leaf not obviously glandular, glabrous or glabrescent;
petiole 3-6 mm long, winged; rachis segments 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, winged,
widest at the distal end or oval; leaflets sessile, elliptical to oblanceolate, obtuse, plane,
glabrous to glabrescent, hairs concentrated on the midrib; terminal leaflet 5-16 mm long,
1.5-3 mm wide, longer than the preceding lateral leaflets but usually shorter than others;
lateral leaflets 4-16 mm long, 1-2 mm wide. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with a dense
stellate indumentum; fjeduncle 0.5-1. 5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or
minutely imparipinnate, 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm
long; anthopodium 2-7 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2
mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface with a dense
stellate indumentum. Petals 5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, enlarging to 8 mm long and
3.5^ mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrescent with few scattered simple
hairs; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum.
Antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, the distal c. 1 mm prominently glandular;
antepetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum large, erect. Style
glabrous. Cocci 5-6 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, glabrous to glabrescent or with a
moderately dense simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seeds 4—4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 15 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES; NORTH WEST
SLOPES: Dandry Rd, NNE of Coonabarabran, 31°13’S 149°17’E, P.I. Forster 15941 and P.Machin,
8.xii.l994 (BRI, MEL, NSW); Ridge near Mt Weoh, 31°14’S 149°05’E, G. Harden 15, viii.1975
(NSW); 34.7 km from Coonabarabran Clock Tower towards the Warrumbungle’s, c. 31°16’S
149°09’E, M.F. Duretto 72-76 and A.S. Jensz, 27.xii.1991 (MEL); Timor Rock, 31°16’S 149°09’E,
G. Harden 16, viii.1975 (NSW); Mendoran Rd near Coonabarabran, G.W. Althofer 50, 7.ix.l945
(MEL); Wamimbungle Range, 19 km WSW of Coonabarabran, 2 km E of Burrumbuckle Rock,
31°20’S 149°05’E, M.D. Crisp 4355, lO.x.1978 (CANB , NSW); Siding Springs, Coonabarabran
District, H.J.R. Overall, xi.l961 (NSW); 8 miles from Coonabarabran on the Gilgandra Rd,
31°2rS 149°17’E, W. McReadie, vii.1962 (NSW).

Notes: Boronia warrumbunglensis can be distinguished from B. glabra, with which it
is sympatric, by the petiolate and pinnate leaves, from B. granitica by the glabrous
younger leaves and smaller hairs, and from B. rubiginosa by the narrower leaflets (< 3
mm wide) and shorter peduncles (< 3 mm long).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia warrumbunglensis occurs in and around the
Warrumbungle Range, near Coonabarabran, New South Wales (Fig. 7), where it is found
in dry sclerophyll woodland on sandstone. Flowering; August-December; fruiting:
October- December.

Conservation status: 2RC-: found in Warrumbungle N.P.

15. Boronia off. granitica (Bolivia Hill).

Boronia sp. J (Bolivia Hill) sensu Quinn et al. (1995, p. 72).

Boronia sp. J (boliviensis m.s.) sensu Hunter and Clarke (1998, p. 591).

Boronia boliviensis m.s. sensu Hunter and Clarke (1998, p. 616).

48

M.F. Duretto

Much branched shrub to 1 ,5(— 2.2) m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile; rays straight,
shiny, white to red-brown, to 0.25 mm long. Branehes terete, with a moderately dense
stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 8-20 mm long, 8-16 mm
wide in outline, glabrescent or with a sparse, stellate indumentum, with (l-3-)7-ll
leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches, the younger distal leaves
not becoming unifoliolate; rachis segments 2-A mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, winged, the
distal end wider or oval; petiole 1-3 mm long, not winged; leaflets elliptic to oblong,
sessile, acute to obtuse, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum, the
margins smooth, recurved to revolute; terminal and lateral leaflets 4-6 mm long, 0.5-1. 5
mm wide. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum; peduncle 1-3 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, to 2 mm long, to
1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 2—3 mm long. Sepals narrowly ovate-
deltate, acute, 3.5-4 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, not enlarging signifieantly as fruit matures;
abaxial surfaee with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals pink, 5-7 mm long,
3-4 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely
simple pubescent; abaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm;
antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 1—1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum minute or large,
erect. Style glabrous or with few hairs. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous.
Seeds 3.5—4 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide. Bolivia Hill Boronia.

Specimens examined: NEW SOUTH WALES; NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Bolivia Hill, 33
km S of Tenterfield, J.B. Williams 89556, 2.X.1989 (MEL, NE n.v.); Bolivia Hill c. 35 km S of
Tenterfield, S. Falconer and R. Morsley, 2.xii.l996 (MEL, NE n.v.).

Notes: This undescribed species can be distinguished from B. granitica and B. repanda
by leaves that are glabrescent or with a sparse, stellate indumentum, sessile hairs, and hair
rays that are short, glossy and firm; and from B. eriantha, B. rubiginosa and B.
warrumbunglensis by its narrowly debate sepals. It is presently known as Boronia species
J (Bolivia Hill) by the New South Wales National Parks Service and will be formally
described by J. Williams (NE).

Distribution and ecology: This species is restricted to Bolivia Hill, Northern
Tablelands, New South Wales where found growing amongst granite boulders (J.
Williams pers. comm.). Flowering: July-?; fruiting: ?-December.

Conservation status: 2E (J. Williams pers. comm. 1997; Hunter and Clarke 1998)

16. Boronia granitica Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 357
(1905). Type citation: “Howell, N.S.W. (J.H. Maiden and J.L. Boorman; Aug. ‘05).”
Type: Howell [c. 29°57’S 151°03’E, Northern Tablelands], N.S.W., J.H. Maiden and
JL. Boorman, August 1905 (lectotype, here designated, NSW (photograph BRI);
isolectotype K n.v. (photograph AD 99548093), MEL 249192).

Illustrations: K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants Queensland I: 33 (1979); PH. Weston
and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 233 (1991).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1.5 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 6-10 rays,
sometimes stalked, rays weak, flexuous, dull, white to red-brown, 0. 1-0.5 mm long.
Branches terete, with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as
they age. Leaves 8-20 mm long, 2.5-15 mm wide in outline, sparsely to moderately with
a dense stellate indumentum, with (I— 3— )7— 15 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf
increasing along branches, the younger distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate, not
usually glandular; petiole 1-3 mm long, not winged; rachis segments 1-4 mm long, 0.5-2
mm wide, winged, the distal end wider or oval; leaflets sessile, elliptic, acute to obtuse.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

49

the margins sometimes with large glands, recurved (rarely plane); terminal leaflet 1-1 1
mm long, 0.5-2.5 mm wide, longer or shorter than lateral leaflets; lateral leaflets 1-6 mm
long, 0.5-2 mm wide. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense
stellate indumentum; peduncle 1-3 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, to 1.5 mm
long, 0.5-1 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 2-3 mm long. Sepals narrowly
ovate-deltate, acute, 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, enlarging to 6 mm long and 2 mm
wide as fruit matures; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Petals pink, 6-9 mm long, 3^ mm wide, enlarging to 12 mm long and 8 mm wide as
fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent; abaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 1-1.5
mm long; anther-apiculum minute or large, erect or reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci 4.5-7
mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds 3.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide. Granite
Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 25 collections): QUEENSLAND; DARLING DOWNS
DISTRICT: Jolly’s Falls, 2 miles W of the Summit, 28°34’S 151°56’E, M.F. Duretto 350, M. Bayly
and N. Marsh, 15.ix.l993 (MEL); Amiens, 10 miles NW of Stanthorpe, at foot of ‘Sow and Pigs’,
L. Pedley 1483, 30.X.1963 (BRI); 3.3 km SE of Glen Alpin, 28°4-’S 151°5-’E, C. Gittens 2788,
21.ix.l974 (BRI, MELU, NSW); Near The Summit, 28°— ’S 151°— ’E, S.T. Blake 2II29,
4.xi.l959 (BRI); NEW SOUTH WALES; NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Silent Grove, Tenterfield
District, G. Althofer 487, 21.vii.l971 (NSW); 6.9 km along Breakfast Ck track from the Gulf Rd
(turnoff is 25.8 km from Emmaville NW along Gulf Rd), 29°14’30” S 151°31’E, A.L. Quirico 49,
R. Coveny and R.O. Makinson, 13.x. 1990 (NSW); 19 km (direct) NNW of Emmaville, 2.7 km
along Flagstone Ck track from the Gulf Rd, 29°I8’S 151°32’E, A.L. Quirico 30, R. Coveny and
R.O. Makinson, 12.x. 1990 (NSW); Bismuth via Deepwater, A. McMutt, viii.1913 (NSW); 1 km S
of Howell, NSW, 29°57’S 151°03’E, J.B. Williams, 6.viii.l966 (BRI); The Gorge, Kangaroo Ck, c.
10 miles E of Inverell, E.N. Mckie, 31.iii.l933 (NSW).

Notes: Boronia granitica can be distinguished from B. repanda by compound leaves,
from B. off. granitica (Bolivia Hill) by wider leaflets with hairs that have long, flexuous
rays; from B. ledifolia and B. amabilis by the sparse indumentum on the abaxial surface
of the leaves; and from B. eriantha, B. rubiginosa and B. warrumbunglensis by the sparse
indumentum of stalked hairs throughout and the narrowly debate sepals.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia granitica is found in the Granite Belt from
Stanthorpe, Queensland, to near Howell (SE of Inverell), New South Wales (Fig. 7).
Recently B. granitica was collected c. 50 km further south (viz. 30° 17’ S 151° 26’ E)
than any specimen here seen (Hunter and Bruhl 1997a). The species is found in open
eucalypt forest or woodland or heath on granitic soils. Flowering and fruiting: July-
December.

Conservation status: 3VC- (Briggs and Leigh 1996); found in Girraween N.P. (Qld).

17. Boronia repanda (F. Muell. ex Maiden & Betche) Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc.
New South Wales 31:732 (1907).

Boronia ledifolia var. repanda F. Muell. ex Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales 29:735 (1905). Type citation: “Stanthorpe, Queensland, on the borders
of New South Wales (J. L. Boorman; July, \904)."Type: Stanthorpe, Queensland, on
the borders of New South Wales, J.L. Boorman, July 1904 (lectotype NSW;
isolectotypes BRI AQ151273, MEL 249152, MEL 249153)-, Maryland near border of
NSW, Edwin Hickey (residual syntype NSW; residual isosyntypes MEL 249148,
MEL 249191).

50

M.F. Duretto

Boronia ledifolia var. repanda F. Muell. ex Domin, Beitrage zur Flora und
Pflanzengeographie Australiens 838 (1926) [-Bibliotheca Botanica Heft 89 (1926)].
Type: Slid Queensland: Stanthorpe, J. L. Boorman, 1904 (isosyntypes BRI
AQI 51273, MEL 249152, MEL 249153, NSW), nom. illeg., non B. ledifolia var
repanda F. Muell. ex Maiden & Betche.

Boronia repanda var alba C.T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 53: 206 (1942).
Type: Darling Downs, Thulimbah (obtained at the Wild Flower Show, Queensland
Naturalists’ Club), C.T. White 9234, 9.ix.l933 (holotype BRI).

Illustrations: K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants Queensland 1: 37 (1979); RH. Weston

and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 223 (1991).

Erect, or weak, much branched shrub to 1 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs sometimes
stalked, 6-10 rays; rays weak, flexuous, white to yellow, 0. 1-0.5 mm long. Branches
terete to slightly quadrangular, with a dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as
they age. Leaves simple, 4—18 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately
dense stellate indumentum; petiole 0.5-1 mm long; lamina elliptic, glandular punctate,
acute to obtuse, obtuse, the margins recurved to revolute. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with
a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-2 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, 1—1.5 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense
stellate indumentum; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 2-4 mm long. Sepals narrowly
ovate-deltate, the apex acute, 3—4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit
matures; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals 6-9 mm
long, 3—4 mm wide, enlarging to 10 mm long and 5 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial
surface sparsely simple pubescent becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with
a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm
long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long,
slightly tuberculate; anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Ovary glabrous, rarely sparsely
hirsute; style hirsute for full length. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, sparsely to
moderately hirsute. Mature seed not seen. Border Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 20 collections): QUEENSLAND; DARLING DOWNS
DISTRICT: Cottonvale School yard, 28°32’S 151°56’E, M.F. Duretto 345-349 and M. Bayly,
14.ix.l992 (MFD345: MEL, NSW; MFD346: MEL; MFD347-349: BRI, MEL); Ponzceras Rd, o’s
miles W of Cottonvale, 28°31’S 15I°56’E, K. Williams, 10.x. 1970 (MEL, NSW); 2 km NW of
Thulimbah, 28°32’S 151°57’E, R.W. Johnson 2915, 18.xi.l974 (BRI, CANB, MEL); c. 1 mile W
of Jolly’s Falls, 5 miles N of Stanthorpe, L. Pedley 1531 , 30.x. 1963 (BRI); Dalvem (30 miles S of
Warwick), T.M. Whaite, 25.viii.1949 (NSW); Stanthorpe, J.L. Boorman, xi.l904 (NSW).

Typification: Maiden and Betche (1904) cited a collection made by Boorman in
Stanthorpe in July 1904 when they describe B. ledifolia var. repanda: Specimens
matching this information have been located at BRI, MEL and NSW, and the specimen
at NSW is chosen as the lectotype. After describing the taxon Maiden and Betche (1904)
noted that collections made by Hickey in Maryland (ex MEL) match with their
description and that Mueller had annotated these sheets B. ledifolia var. repanda, a name
they chose to adopt.

Synonymy: Boronia repanda var. alba is placed in synonymy: white-flowered
individuals of many species of Boronia sect. Valvatae are known and in some species the
flowers turn white as they age.

Notes: Maiden and Betche (1904, 1906) wrote that B. repanda was most closely related to
B. ledifolia. It can be placed within the B. ledifolia group (Weston, 1990) and is the sister
species of B. granitica (Duretto and Ladiges 1999). Boronia repanda differs from other
members of Boronia sect. Valvatae of the Granite Belt by having simple leaves.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

51

Distribution and ecology: Boronia repanda occurs over a very limited area (< 10 km
across) in the vicinity of Stanthorpe, Queensland, and possibly also in New South Wales
(Fig. 7). Leigh et al. (1993) noted that B. repanda is found only in Queensland while
Weston and Porteners (1991) list New South Wales as well. The only collections from
New South Wales seen are those made by Hickey from the Maryland area (MEL) on the
Queensland/New South Wales border. Ross (1994) stated that B. repanda has also been
collected in the Moreton region: no indigenous collections from this area have been seen,
but there are cultivated collections. Boronia repanda grows in heath and woodland on
granite. Flowering: July-November; fruiting October-November.

Conservation status: Boronia repanda is probably the most threatened member of
Boronia sect. Valvatae: it was given a ROTAP code of 2E by Briggs and Leigh (1996).
The species has not been collected in a national park, or any reserve. Most populations
appear to be in small remnants or heavily disturbed areas. Agricultural expansion and
clearing of remnant vegetation are threatening processes. Further surveys are needed
(urgently) to ascertain the exact distribution and status of this species.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Valvatae sen 2. Fraseriae Duretto, sen nov. Foliola
grandia, glabra vel indumento stellato sparso, costa subtus elevata. Sp. typica: B.
fraseri Hook.

Erect shrubs. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, peltate stellate hairs absent. Leaves
imparipinnate, glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum, sometimes the younger
distal leaves becoming unifoliolate, the margins plane to slightly recurved; the midrib
raised on the abaxial surface with secondary thickening, impressed on the adaxial surface.
Petals pink or white. Disc swollen. Seed shiny.

A series of two rare species of south-eastern Queensland and central coastal New South
Wales (Fig. 7), that are characterised by the large, imparipinnate, leaves with prominently
raised midribs and broad leaflets.

18. Boronia fraseri Hook., Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 70 (1843), t. 4052. Type citation: “A native
of ravines on the banks of the Nepean River. Mr Charles Fraser.” Type: A native of
ravines on the banks of the Nepean [c. 34°S 150°40’E, Central Coast, New South
Wales], Mr Charles Fraser (lectotype, here designated, K (ex hb. hook.) n.v.
(transparencies MEL 2041238; photograph AD 99803339)); Nepean River, Fraser
(isolectotype MEL 251030); [no locality or collector information but matching
lectotype in appearance]: (probable isolectotypes K (ex herbarium hookerianum,
four sprigs), n.v. (transparency MEL 2041241), K (ex herbarium hookerianum, two
sprigs), n.v. (transparency MEL 2041240)).

Boronia anemonifolia Paxton, Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 9: 123-124 (1842) and Plate, non A.
Cunn. (1825). Type citation: “Seeds of this pretty New Holland plant were imported
by Messrs. Lodiges many years ago....we had our drawings made from the collection
of these of these gentlemen in the month of May or June, 1841.” Type: n.v.,
description and plate decisive.

Illustrations: M. Baker et ai. Native Plants of the Lower Blue Mountains, 67 (1985);

W.R. Elliot and D.L. Jones, Encylopedia of Australian Plants 2nd ed., 342 (1985); A.

Fairley and P. Moore, Native Plants of the Sydney District, 234, t. 809 (1989); L.

Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, 1 15 (1991); P.H. Weston and

M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 233 (1991).

52

M.F. Durelto

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 10-20 rays;
rays white to yellow, to 0.1 mm long. Branches sharply quadrangular, glabrous or
glabrescent, decurrent leaf bases present. Leaves 40-125 mm long, 35-70 mm wide in
outline, with 3-7 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches, the
younger distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate; petiole 8-30 mm long, winged; rachis
segments 7-18 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, winged, elliptical; leaflets elliptic, sessile,
acute to obtuse, glabrous to glabrescent; terminal leaflet 25-63 mm long, 8-16 mm wide,
longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 14—40 mm long, 3-13 mm wide. Inflorescence 3-7-
flowered, with a moderately dense indumentum; peduncle 3-15 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, 1-5 mm long; metaxyphylls minute to
1 mm long; anthopodium 6-17 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-2
mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface with a moderately
dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 6-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, not enlarging
significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent, becoming
glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Antesepalous filaments c. 1 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm;
antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 0.5 mm long; anther-apiculum minute. Disc
surrounding base of stamens. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide. Whole
seeds not seen. Fraser’s Boronia.

Additional specimens examined {of c. 20 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES; CENTRAL
COAST: Somersby Falls, A. Rodd, 23.vii. 1966 (NSW); Kuring-gai Chase NP, near Cowan Ck, H.S.
McKee 6646, 12.x. 1958 (NSW); Bobbin Head, Kuring-gai Chase, Miss T. Harris, 23.x. 1923 (AD);
Oxford Falls via Manly, Miss J. Harris and Miss Butler, x. 1922 (NSW); Mullett Ck, Wondabyne c.
5 miles W of Woy Woy, E.F. Constable, 13.x. 1960 (AD, NSW); Nepean R., J.H. Maiden, ix.l906
(NSW); Jerusalem Bay, c. 5 miles NE of Berowra, R. Coveny, 1 l.ix.l966 (NSW); Lapstone Hill,
W. Forsyth, ix. 1901 (BRI); 3/4km E of Campfire Ck and Glenbrook Ck, Blue Mountains NP,
33°37’S 150°36’E, G. D’Aubert 590, G. Fensom and T. Syme, 16.xi.1989 (NSW).

Synonymy: Paxton (1842) described and illustrated B.fraseri as B. anemonifolia Paxt.,
either unaware of Alan Cunningham’s ( 1 825) use of this name for a sympatric species, or
assuming, from the locality information, that they were the same. Type material has not
been seen for B. anemonifolia Paxt., but the description (that states that the plants have a
sparse indumentum and have sharply quadrangular branches), with the excellent
accompanying illustration leave no doubt about the application of this name.

Notes: Mueller (1875, p. Ill) wrote that B.fraseri was intermediate between B. mollis
and B. ledifolia and quite possibly a hybrid, while Maiden and Betche (1904) thought it
an extreme form of B. mollis: Boronia fraseri is distinct and easily distinguished from
these species and from B. keysii by the sharply quadrangular stems. The chromosome
number for B. fraseri is n=16 (Smith- White 1954; Stace et al. 1993). Vesiculose to
ramiform sclereids have been reported for this species (Rao and Bhattacharya 1978,
1981).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia fraseri occurs in and around Sydney and the Blue
Mountains, New South Wales (Fig. 7), where it is found growing in wet sclerophyll forest
and rainforest in gullies on sandstone (Weston and Porteners 1991). Flowering: July-
October; fruiting: (Dctober-November.

Conservation status: 2RCa (Briggs and Leigh 1996): found in Blue Mountains N.P.,
Brisbane Waters N.P., Ku-Ring-Gai Chase N.P (Briggs and Leigh 1996), and Glenbrook
Native Plant Reserve (Baker et al. 1985).

19. Boronia keysii Domin, Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens 838
(1926) [=Bibliotheca Botanica Heft 89, 284 (1926). Type citation: “Queensland:
Lake Cootharaba, J. Keys 1909, in herb, meo.” Type: (syntype PR ? n.v.; isosyntype
BRI n.v. (seen by B. A. Lebler, Queensland Agric. J. 98: 619, 1972)).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

53

Illustrations: B.A. Lebler, Queensland Agric. J. 98: 619 (1972); K.A.W. Williams,

Native Plants Queensland 1 : 33 (1979); J. Leigh et al.. Extinct and Endangered Plants

of Australia, 321 (1984).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 7-15 rays; rays
white to yellow, to 0.25 mm long. Branches terete to slightly quadrangular, young shoots
with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves
8-75 mm long, 4^0 mm wide in outline, with 1-7 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf
increasing along branches and then, on some plants, the younger distal leaves becoming
unifoliolate; petiole 5-12 mm long, winged; rachis segments 9-11 mm long, 1-2 mm
wide, winged, widest at the distal end or oval in shape; leaflets or unifoliolate leaves
sessile to subsessile, elliptic to lanceolate, acute, attenuate, slightly discolourous, paler
beneath, hairs concentrated on the midrib; terminal leaflet 15-51 mm long, 3-12 mm
wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 7-23 mm long, 4—10 mm wide. Inflorescence
3-7-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 3-5 mm
long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, c. 1 mm long; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium
5-15 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acuminate to acute, 2.5-3. 5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm
wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface densely and minutely
pubescent, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a dense stellate
indumentum. Petals pink, 5.5-8 mm long, 3^.5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as
fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple and stellate indumentum, becoming
glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal
0.5 mm; antejjetalous filaments smooth, c. 1 .5 mm long; anther-apiculum large and erect.
Disc sometimes surrounding base of filaments. Style glabrous or with few hairs at base.
Cocci 4.5-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide. Seeds 2.5-3. 5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide. Key’s
Boronia.

Additional specimens examined (of 1 1 collections): QUEENSLAND; WIDE BAY DISTRICT:
Como logging area, SF1004, c. 2 km along Harrys Hut Rd from Cooloola Way then c. 500 m W of
forestry Rd, 26°12’S 152°58’E, Beesley 95IA and P. Ollerenshaw, 10.xii.l986 (CANB, MEL); c.
30 km E of Gympie, 26°14’S 152°57’E, B.A. Lebler, 13.vii.l972 (AD, BRl, CANB, MEL, NSW);
c. 30 km E of Gympie on disused road N of Cootharaba Hall, 26°13’S 152°58’E, S.L. Everist 9851,
13.vii.l972 (AD, BRl, CANB, MEL); Cooloola, 6.4 km NW of Lake Cootharabra, 26°1-’S 153°0-
’E, A.G. Harrold, 4.ix.l971 (BRl); Kin Kin Ck, 19 km NNW of Tewantin, 26°14’S 153°00’E, I.R.
Telford 4326, 29.vii.1976 (BRl, CANB, NSW, PERTH).

Typification: The type of this species has not been seen but Lebler (1972) states that a
part of the original Keys collection is at BRl. Illustrations by Lebler (1972) leave no
doubt about the application of this name.

Notes: Boronia keysii is not easily confused with any other species in south-eastern
Queensland as it is the only one with large, glabrescent, pinnate leaves. It differs from B.
fraseri by the slightly quadrangular stems, acuminate sepals, and the moderately dense to
dense indumentum on the stems and inflorescence, and sometimes by having unifoliolate
leaves. Spheroidal to vesiculose sclereids have been reported for this species (Rao and
Bhattacharya 1981).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia keysii is restricted to the Lake Cootharaba area on
the Cooloola sand mass, south-east Queensland (Fig. 7), where it is found growing in wet
sclerophyll forest, sometimes with Agathis, often on recently disturbed sites. Flowering:
April-December; fruiting: July-December.

Conservation status: Once thought possibly to be extinct after a lapse of 60 years since
the first collection (Lebler 1972). The species is known from 13 populations and has a
geographic range of approximately 18 km (Sandercoe 1992). Approximately one half of

54

M.F. Duretto

the area occupied by this species is on private land with the remainder evenly divided
between Como State Forest and Cooloola N.P. (Sandercoe 1992). A ROTAP code of
2RVCi was given to this species by Briggs and Leigh (1996).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Valvatae ser. 3. Rupicolae Duretto, ser. nov. Habitus
exstensus vel pendulus. Flores parvi, flavo-virentes. Folia parva plana. Sp. typica: B.
rupicola Duretto

Pendulous shrubs. Multiangular stellate hairs occasionally stalked; rays firm, straight,
smooth and glossy. Peltate stellate hairs usually present on the abaxial surface of the
leaves. Leaves imparipinnate, the younger distal leaves becoming unifoliolate; rachis
segments oval or triangular shaped; lamina strongly discolourous, paler beneath, plane,
adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse indumentum, abaxial surface glabrous or with
a hoary, heterogenous tomentum of two stellate types of hair: a moderately dense layer
of multiangular stellate hairs, and a dense layer of smaller peltate hairs, the midrib not
raised significantly on the abaxial surface, secondary thickening between midvein and
abaxial epidermis. Petals yellow-green. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Seed shiny or
dull.

A monotypic series of the Northern Territory (Fig. 8) characterised by the jjendulous
habit, the small, green-yellow flowers, and the presence (usually) of both multiangular
and peltate stellate hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaves.

20. Boronia rupicola Duretto, Nuytsia 1 1 : 336 ( 1 997), figs 1 3 A-G. Type: 1 8 km SE of
Jabiru, outlier of main Plateau, 12°48’S 132°55’E, LA. Craven 6646, 30.iii.l981
(holotype CANB 338121: isotypes A, AD, BRI, CANB 338122, DNA, E, L, MEL
234383).

Boronia A44419 (Nabarlek) sensu Leach et al. (1992, p. 35); Dunlop et al. (1995, p.

100).

Boronia DNA 17279 (Radon Gorge) sensu Leach et al. (1992, p. 35); Dunlop et al.
(1995, p. 100).

Boronia sp.5 (Nabarlek; T.G. Hartley 13819) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p. 167).

Boronia sp.6 (Radon Gorge; C.R. Dunlop 5455) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p. 167).

Pendulous subshrub to 40 cm long, resprouting from rootstalk. Simple hairs (mainly on
leaves) erect, 0.01-0.02 mm long. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 10-20 rays,
occasionally stalked; rays white to faintly yellow, to 0.05(-0. 1) mm long. Branches
brittle, quadrangular, glabrous or with a dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous
as they age. Leaves simple or imparipinnate with 1-7 leaflets, the younger distal leaves
becoming unifoliolate; petiole 1.5-7 mm long; rachis segments 4-7 mm long 0.5-1 mm
wide; simple and unifoliolate leaves sessile to subsessile, 5-15 mm long, 1-4 mm wide,
elliptical to oblanceolate, obtuse, attenuate to obtuse; adaxial surface smooth, glabrous or
with a sparse indumentum of multiangular stellate hairs and minute erect simple hairs;
abaxial surface glabrous or with a dense indumentum of a heterogenous layer of two
types of hair: a sparse to moderately dense layer of multiangular hairs (some stalked) and
a dense layer of smaller peltate stellate hairs; terminal leaflet 7-10 mm long, 1-3 mm
wide, longer than preceding laterals but otherwise shortest; lateral leaflets 4-10 mm long,
1-3 mm wide. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered, with a dense stellate indumentum; peduncle

Boronia sect. Valvatae

55

0.5-1 mm long; prophylls linear to minutely unifoliolate, 1-6.5 mm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm
wide, indumentum as with leaves; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium
0.5-3 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute to slightly acuminate, 1-1.5 mm long, c. c. 1
mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse
simple indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse to
dense stellate indumentum. Petal yellow-green, 2-2.5 mm long, c. 1 .5 mm wide, not
enlarging significantly as fruit matures, midvein slightly raised on the abaxial surface;
adaxial surface with a sparse simple indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5
mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments smooth or
slightly glandular distally, 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-
apiculum absent or present, erect. Style hirsute at base. Cocci c. 3.5 mm long, c. 2 mm
wide, glabrous to moderately hirsute. Seeds 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, black or
grey, shiny, sometimes becoming dull.

Selected specimens examined (of eight collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY; 11.5 km ESE of Nabarlek, c. 12°20’S 133°26’E, K. Brennan 2365
13.vi.l993 (CANB, DNA, MEL, OSS); Tin Can Ck c. 20 miles S of Nabarlek Mining Camp!
12 28 S 133 15 E, T.G. Hartley 13819, 30.V.1973 (CANB, DNA); Radon Gorge, Mt Brockman,
12°45’S 132°54’E, C.R. Dunlop 5455, 21.iv.l980 (DNA, NSW); 6.5 km SSW of Mt Brockman,

Fig. 8. Distribution of Boronia series Rupicolae: B. rupicola (•).

56

M.F. Duretto

Kakadu NP, 12°48’S 132°56’E, I.R. Telford 8058 and J.W. Wrigley, 23.iv.1980 (CANB); Baroalba
Ck, K. Brennan 142, 31.iii.l990 (OSS).

Notes: Some plants of B. rupicola are glabrous while others are hirsute and detailed
population surveys are required to ascertain the taxonomic importance of this (Duretto
1997). Boronia rupicola can be distinguished from B. lanceolata and from the other
Arnhem Land cliff specialists (B. viridiflora and B. suberosa) by the pendulous habit and
compound leaves (not always present) and the very small flowers (Duretto 1997).

The position of B. rupicola within Boronia subsect. Valvatae is uncertain and the
species is certainly isolated. Though the cladistic analysis of Duretto and Ladiges (1999)
places this species sister to Boronia series Erianthae it shares the peltate stellate hairs
with Boronia series Valvatae and maybe be sister to this series.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia rupicola is known only from the Mt Brockman
outlier (Kakadu N.P.) and around Nabarlek (Arnhem Land), Northern Territory (Fig. 8).
This jjendulous shrub is found exclusively on vertical surfaces in heavily dissected
sandstone areas. The pendulous habit on vertical rock faces is found in other species of
the dissected sandstone country of north-eastern Arnhem Land, e.g. Ochrosperma
sulcatum A.R. Bean (Myrtaceae; Bean 1997): this phenomenon warrants further study
(see also B. viridiflora, species 44 below). Flowering and fruiting: March-July.
Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1997).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Valvatae ser. 4. Valvatae Benth., FI. austral. 1: 308, 31 1
( 1 863). Sp. lectotypica (here designated): B. alulata Benth.

Erect, rarely sprawling, shrubs. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile; rays firm, straight,
smooth and glossy, often becoming weak, flexuous and dull on adaxial leaf-surface.
Leaves simple or unifoliolate or imparipinnate, strongly discolourous, paler beneath, the
margins plane to revolute, the midrib raised on the abaxial surface, sometimes barely;
adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum; abaxial surface
with a hoary, heterogenous tomentum of two types of hair: a sparse to moderately dense
layer of multiangular stellate hairs, and a dense layer of smaller peltate hairs, peltate hairs
rarely absent {B. glabra [most plants], B. mollis); rachis segments oval or triangular. Disc
usually glabrous and entirely within stamen whorl. Seed shiny, rarely dull (B. hoipolloi,
B. lanceolata).

Boronia series Valvatae contains 22 species that are found in the ‘Top End’ of the
Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and eastern Victoria (Figs 9-13). The
series is characterised by the strongly discolourous leaves that have a dense indumentum
of two types of stellate hair on the abaxial surface of the leaves (except B. mollis, B.
glabra). A taxonomically difficult group requiring further work. The relationships
between the species of this series are not clearly apparent (cf. Duretto and Ladiges 1999)
and the informal classification presented here reflects this. Two species, B. ledifolia and
B. chartacea, were isolated in the cladistic analysis of Duretto and Ladiges (1999) and
are treated here as incertae sedis.

Typifleation: Boronia alulata is chosen as the type species for Boronia ser. Valvatae

as it was probably the first species of the series to be collected (by Banks and Solander
in 1770, see below) and was one of the species described by Bentham (1863).

21. Boronia ledifolia (Vent.) DC., Prodr. 1: 722 (1824). Lasiopetalum ledifolium Vent.,
Jard. Malmaison 1 sub. 59 ( 1 804). Type: not designated, (sp. group incertae sedis).

Eriostemon paradoxus Sm., Rees Cycl. 13 No. 6 (1809). Boronia! paradoxa (Sm.)
DC., Prodr. 1: 722 (1824). Type Citation: “Sent from Port Jackson, New South

Boronia sect. Valvatae

57

Wales, by Dr. White.” Type: New South Wales, Mr White, 1791 (syntype LINN
755.10 n.v. (transparency MEL 2041299); Port Jackson, New South Wales, Mr White,
1795 (syntype LINN 755.11 n.v. (transparency MEL 2041297), LINN 755.12 n.v.
(transparency MEL 2041298)).

Boronia triphylla Sieber ex Rchb., Iconogr. hot. exot. 1 : 53 t. 73 ( 1 825). B. ledifolia var.
? triphylla (Sieber ex Rchb.) Benth., FI. austr. 1: 314 (1863). Type citation: “Sieb. El.
Nov. Holl. exsicc. no. 291 . ...in Nova Hollandia, crescit in montibus caeruleis, mill,
angl. 2, ante Springwood sub altissimis Eucalyptis.” Type: Nova Hollandia, Sieber
297 (isosyntypes MEL 258131, MEL 258134 right hand spec., MEL 258364 left
hand spec., TCD).

Boronia triphylla Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. veg. 4: 148 (1827). Type citation: “Nov.
Holl.” Type: Nova Hollandia, Sieber 297 (isosyntypes MEL 258131, MEL 258134
right hand specimen, MEL 258364 left hand specimen, TCD); ibid, Sieber 531
(isosyntypes MEL 258134 left hand spec., MEL 258364 right hand spec.) nom. illeg.
non Sieber ex Rchb.

Boronia triphylla var. latifolia Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27 (1841), t. 47. Type
citation: New Holland shrub... The accompanying drawing was made in the Nursery
of Mssrs. Loddiges.” Type: n.v, description and plate decisive.

Boronia ledophylla F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 67 (1859). Based on B. ledifolia sensu Bartling
in Lehmann, PI. Preiss 2: 226 (1848). Type citation: “In regionibus interioribus
Australiae meridionali-occidentalis m. Octobri a. 1840. Herb. Preiss. No. 2644”
Type: Preiss s.n. (syntype LUND n.v (Paul Wilson pers. comm.)).

Boronia ledifolia var. pinnata Domin, Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie
Australiens 838 (1926) [^Bibliotheca Botanica Heft 89 (1926)]. Type citation: “N S
Wales: Emmaville, J.L. Boorman VI. 1904. ...” Type: N.S. Wales, Emmaville, J.L.
Boorman, vi.l904 (isosyntype MEL 249193).

Boronia ledifolia var. normalis Domin, Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie
Australiens 838 (1926) [^Bibliotheca Botanica Heft 89 (1926)]; nom. inval.,
autonym. Type citation: “Sieber EL. Novae Holl. Nr. 303 und FI. mixta No. 534”!
Type: Nov. Holl., Sieber 303 (isosyntypes CANB, MEL 258361, MEL 258365)- Nov
Holl., Sieber 5J4(isosyntype MEL 258360, MEL 258363).

Boronia whitei Cheel, J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 61: 405 (1928). Type
Citation: “This was originally collected at Tent Hill, New England, by Mr. E.C.
Andrews in 1903, ... There are also specimens from Emmaville (J.L. Boorman June
1904); Torrington (R.H. Cambage, Nos. 1609 and 1715, July and September, 1907)

... also from Torrington collected by J.L. Boorman in November, ... Then we have
specimens from Bismuth, via Torrington, collected by Mr. A. McNutt in August
1912 and 1924 ...’’Types-. Tent Hill, New England, Mr. E.C. Andrews, 1903 (syntype
NSW 48863); Emmaville, J.L. Boorman, June 1904 (syntype MEL 249193)-
Torrington, R.H. Cambage 1609, July 1907 (NSW? n.v); Torrington, R.H. Cambage
1715, [29.]Sept. 1907 (syntypes BRI AQ318436, MEL 249194, NSW 488652);
Bismuth, via Torrington, Mr. A. McNutt, August 1912 (syntype NSW 218867)-
Bismuth, via Torrington, Mr. A. McNutt, August 1924 (syntype NSW? n.v.).

58

M.F. Duretto

Boronia rosmarinifolia var. albiflora Cheel, J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 61:412
(1928). Type citation: no specimens cited but Cheel refers to specimens cited in
Anon., Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 473 (1920) [erroneously refers to
Anon., Austral. Naturalist 2: 205 (1913)], viz. “from Hill Top (E. Cheel, July, 1914),
Bell (Miss H. Gregson, Sept., 1914), Mount Wilson (J. H. Maiden, Dec., 1914), near
Cowan Station (W. F. Blakely & D. W. C. Shiress, Sept., 1919)”. Type: Hill Top
[34°22’S 150°30’E, NSW], E. Cheel, 20.vii.l914 (syntype NSW 419856)-, Bell
[33°30’S 150°16’E, NSW], Miss H. Gregson, ix.l914 (syntype NSW 419847)-,
Mount Wilson (halfway from Bell) [33°30’S 150°19’E, NSW], J.H. Maiden,
19.xii.l914 (syntype NSW 419849)-, 2 miles N. W. of Cowan Station [33°33’S
151°09’E, NSW], W.F. Blakely & D.W.G. Shiress, 8,ix.l919 (syntype NSW
419848).

Boronia triphylla \ax. flore-plena Cheel, J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 61: 412
(1928). Type citation: no specimens cited but Cheel refers to specimen cited in Anon.,
Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 473 (1920) [erroneously refers to Anon.,
Austral. Naturalist 2: 205 (1913)], viz. “Lindfield (E.G. Jacobs, Aug., 1913)”. Type:
Lindfield [33°46’S 15ri0’E, NSW], E.G. Jacobs, 9.viii.l913 (holotype NSW
419854).

Illustrations: J. Lindley, Edwards ’s Bot. Reg. 27, t. 47 ( 1 84 1 ); J. Paxton, Paxton ’s Mag.
Bot. 8: opp. 123 (1841); S. Macoboy, What Blower is That?, 59 (1968); A.M.
Blomberry, What Wildflower is That?, 68 (1973); S. Macoboy and A. Blomberry,
Australia Complete Book of Flowers, 72, Fig. 209 (1975); L. Costermans, Native Trees
and Shrubs of South-Eastern Austral., 199 (1983); M. Baker etai. Native Plants of the
Upper Blue Mountains, 27 (1984); W.R. Elliot and D.L. Jones, Encyclopedia of
Australian Plants 2nd ed., 344 (1985); L. Cronin, Concise Austral. EL, 79, 80 (1989,
as B. whitei)-, A. Fairley and P. Moore, Native Plants of the Sydney District, 233, t. 805
( 1 989); L. Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, 114, 1 1 5 ( 1 99 1 ); PH.
Weston and M. Porteners, El. New South Wales 2: opposite p. 187, and pp. 231, 232
(1991).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2.5 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular
stellate hairs with c. 6-20 rays; rays white to red-brown, to 0.1 (-0.3) mm long. Branches
with a dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves simple or
imparipinnate with 1-11 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches,
the younger distal leaves sometimes becoming unifoliolate, firm, not obviously
glandular; petiole 2-1 1 mm long, winged; rachis segments 2-7 mm long, 0.5-2 mm
wide, winged, elliptical; simple or unifoliolate leaves 3-50 mm long, 1-7 mm wide;
imparipinnate leaf in outline 7-50 mm long, 5—45 mm wide; leaflets and simple or
unifoliolate leaves elliptic or narrowly elliptic, acute to obtuse, attenuate; adaxial surface
with a sparse stellate indumentum; the margins revolute or recurved, or plane with simple
leaves; the midrib raised on the abaxial surface; terminal leaflet 3—43 mm long, 1-5 mm
wide, longer than lateral leaflets; lateral leaflets 3-25 mm long, 1-5 mm wide.
Inflorescence l-3(-5)-flowered, with a dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 1-10 mm
long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, 0.5-3. 5 mm long, c.
0.5(-2) mm wide, sometimes leaf like; metaxyphylls usually minute, sometimes
approaching 1.5 mm long; anthopodium 4—1 1 mm long. Sepals narrowly ovate-deltate to
elliptical, acute, 3-4 mm long, 1. 5-2.5 mm wide, enlarging to 4—4.5 mm long and 3-3.5
mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface densely and minutely pubescent, becoming
glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a dense stellate indumentum. Petals

Boronia sect. Valvatae

59

(5-)8.5-12 mm long, (2.5-)3-6 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial
surface sparsely simple pubescent and sometimes becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous
filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous
filaments slightly tuberculate, c. 1 .5 mm long; anther-apiculum absent or minute. Disc
not or occasionally surrounding base of filaments, glabrous or with occasional stellate
hair. Style glabrous, or rarely with few hairs. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, glabrous
to glabrescent, or with a sparse to dense indumentum. Seeds 'i-i mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide. Ledum Boronia, Showy Boronia, Sydney Boronia, or Labrador Tea-leaved Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 130 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES: NORTHERN
TABLELANDS: Tent Hill-Torrington Rd, 10 miles W of Deepwater, E.F. Constable, 13.V.1961
(BRl, MEL, NSW); 3.1 km ENE of Emmaville on road to Deepwater, 29°26’ 30”S 151°37’ 30”E,
N.G. Coveny 14641, R.O. Makinson and A.L. Quince (NSW); NORTH COAST: Myall Lakes,
32°32’S 152°12’E, R. Bates 2197, ix.l982 (AD); CENTRAL WEST SLOPES: Munghom Gap,
H.S. McKee, Lx. 1952 (NSW); CENTRAL TABLELANDS: 5 km from Bells Line of Rd, on second
Paterson Range Rd, Blue Mts, 33°27’S 150°43’E, R Hind 5391 , R. Ball and A. Copp, 14.x. 1987
(MEL, NSW); 4 km along walking track from Riverveiw Ford to Bundanoon Ck, Moreton NP,
34°41’S 150°19’E, S.R. Corbett 169, ix.l987 (NSW); CENTRAL COAST: Boggy Swamp Ck,
Putty-Howes Valley Rd, c. 13 miles SW of Howes valley, E.F. Constable, 28.viii.1957 (NSW);
Orchard near Quarry on track from Arcadia and Marramarra Ck, 33°33’S 151°04’E, D. Albrecht
2145 (MEL, NSW); SOUTHERN TABLELANDS: Budawangs NP, 22 km ESE of Braidwood, 4
km SE of Mt Budawang, 35°3US 150°02’S, l.R. Telford 8823 and L Lockwood, 14.viii.l992
(CANB, NSW); Spur N of Wadbilliga Mtn, /. Olsen 2369, 13.x. 1974 (NSW); SOUTH COAST:
Southern Huskisson to Broadwood Rd, 30 km W from its crossing of Highway 1, 35°03’S
150°34’E, N.G. Walsh 1408, 26.viii.1984 (CANB, MEL, NSW); 20 km from Tomerong on
Turpentine Rd, 35°20’S 150°28’E, F.W. Howe 68, 12.ix.l983 (AD, CANB, MEL, NSW); Rocky
outcrop on E side of Donalds Ck, c. 2 km upstream from the confluence with Burra Ck, 35°55’S
149°59’E, D. Albrecht 3979, 24.V.1990 (MEL); Dampier SF, Little Sugarloaf Rd, 3.5 km W of the
Western Foundry Rd intersection, 36°01’S 149°58’E, D.E. Albrecht 4784, 7.x. 1991 (CANB, MEL,
NSW); VICTORIA - EAST GIPPSLAND: Mt Elizabeth Natural Feature scenic reserve, W33,
Gippsland Lakes hinterland study area, sector G, subblock 32A, A.C. Beauglehole 77124,
17.ix.l984 (MEL); 1 1.6 km SE (160°) Campbells Knob, 2.5 km ESE (110°) Junction of Mountain
Ck (Broadbent R.) and Snowy R., 37°18’S 148°23’E, W18, S.J. Forbes 172, 12.ix.l979 (MEL);
“The Playground” near junction of Tambo and Timbarra R.’s, a short way uphill, c. 12 miles W of
Buchan, J. Galbraith, xi.l963 (MEL); Museum Spur, falling E to Snowy R., below helipad, N
facing slope, 37°18’ S 141°21’ E, N.G. Walsh 2211, 15.xi.l988 (MEL).

Typification and authority: No specimens were cited with the protologue of
Lasiopetalum ledifolium Vent, but from descriptions and specimens in de Candolle’s
herbarium there is no doubt on the application of this name. Some workers (for example
Willis 1978, Weston and Porteners 1991) give the authority of B. ledifolia as (Vent.)
J.Gay. Gay (1821) transferred the species to Guichenotia J.Gay and not Boronia, and
Candolle (1824), referring to Gay (1821), makes the accepted combination (Chapman
1991).

Synonymy: The majority of names placed in synonymy under B. ledifolia were
described from specimens at different stages of leaf development (see Notes) and require
no further discussion. Some though do warrant some discussion.

Bartling (1848) discussed a Preiss specimen (n. 2644) of B. ledifolia which he possibly
erroneously presumed was from Western Australia as were most of Preiss’s collections.
Mueller (1859) did not think this specimen could be assigned to B. ledifolia as B. ledifolia is
an eastern Australian taxon, and so he nominated the name B. ledophyllae for it without seeing
the specimen. Paul Wilson (pers. comm., 1995) has seen a Preiss collection (s.n., LUND) of B.

60

M.F. Duretto

ledifolia that is the typical form found around Sydney. This is probably the specimen referred
to by Bartling and here B. ledophyllae is placed in synonymy under B. ledifolia.

Cheel (1928) described B. rosmarinifolia var. albiflora and stated that specimens of this
taxon were first recorded by him on p. 205 in the April Ordinary Meetings of the New
South Wales Naturalists’ Club (see Anon. 1913). In the minutes of this meeting it was
recorded that Mr Cheel presented a few specimens of Boronia for discussion but no
reference to B. rosmarinifolia or B. ledifolia was made. Cheel (1913) does have an article
in that journal in which he discussed a white-flowered form of R serrulata Sm. (l.c., p.
208). Later, at a meeting of the Linnean Society on the 27th of October, 1920, Cheel does
present white-flowered specimens of a taxon that he called B. ledifolia var. rosmarinifolia
(Anon. 1920). It would appear that Cheel (1928) cited the wrong paper. The specimens
of B. ledifolia var. rosmarinifolia Cheel exhibited at the meeting of the Linnean Society
(Anon. 1920) were all from the Central Coast area of New South Wales where B.
rosmarinifolia is not found. Of these collections, one, a collection from Mt Wilson made
by J.H. Maiden in December 1914, has been located at NSW. This specimen is referrable
to B. ledifolia.

Cheel (1928) also described B. triphylla \3i. flore-plena and, as with B. rosmarinifolia
var. albiflora, referred to specimens cited in Anon. (1913, p. 205) when it would appear
that his intentions were to refer to the specimen cited in Anon. (1920, p. 473). This
specimen has not been seen but as it is from the Sydney area and was included in Cheel’s
concept of B. triphylla it can be safely assumed to be referrable to B. ledifolia.

Notes: Boronia ledifolia exists in a multiplicity of vegetative forms (see discussions in
Maiden and Betche 1903; Weston 1990; Weston and Porteners 1991) and was also the
first species of a difficult complex of species to be described. Due to these two facts a
large number of taxa have been described as varieties of B. ledifolia, or at some stage
been considered synonymous with B. ledifolia. Many of these taxa were later elevated to
specific rank or ‘lost’ in the literature. Most new taxa described on the east coast of
Australia are compared to B. ledifolia. Conversely specimens of B. ledifolia have also
been described as a number of species in three genera in two families (see synonyms,
above). The various vegetative forms of B. ledifolia are attributable to a complex
ontogenetic sequence in leaf development. Initially seedlings, or new shoots, have simple
leaves as with most members of Boronia sect. Valvatae. Plants soon develop
imparipinnate leaves with narrow and revolute leaflets, and trifoliolate leaved plants are
common. As the plants age further they may produce simple leaves again: the typical
form. Smith (1809) was the first to note the variation in leaf structure shown by B.
ledifolia. y/hcn he described Eriostemon paradoxus (= B. ledifolia) Smith (1809) based
his description on three specimens at different ontogenetic stages: there was a simple-
leaved specimen (LINN 755.10), one that was temate (Linn 755.11) and one that was
3-5-foliolate (LINN 755.12). He concluded that: ‘The pinnate and ternate kinds are
unquestionably but varieties of each other, nor can we think the first a distinct species,
however paradoxical our opinion may seem. The flowers are all exactly alike.”

Compounded with this ontogenetic variation in leaf form, B. ledifolia shows some other
variation: the disjunct Northern Tableland populations consist of small imparipinnate
leaved plants with very narrow leaflets (this form has been described as B. whitei and B.
ledifolia var. pinnata); while populations south of Sydney consist of tall plants with larger
flowers and are usually simple leaved. Both variants are found together in the Sydney and
Blue Mountain regions. There may be a dine between these two extremes. Boronia
ledifolia may also intergrade with B. angustisepala around Scone (see B. angustisepala,
sp>ecies 23 below). This taxon needs further study that includes field research monitoring
populations over a number of years.

An isolated collection of B. ledifolia from central Queensland is kxlged at MEL:

Boronia sect. Valvatae

61

‘Pioneer River, Queensland, Dr. Griffith, 1889 (MEL 250922)' . The Pioneer River has its
mouth at Mackay (central Queensland; Fig. 9) and no members of Boronia sect. Valvatae
have been collected within 3(X) km of this area. It is possible that Griffiths collected the
specimen from the Clark Range (west of Mackay) or in any one of the hundreds of
rainforest and wet sclerophyll remnants in the area. Having simple and petiolate leaves
suggests affinities to the B. foetida species-group but the narrow leaves with a sparse
indumentum on the adaxial surface suggests it is an extreme form of B. ledifolia. Quite
possibly the sheet was mislabelled and came from Victoria where Dr Griffith did collect
(unpublished notes on collectors, MEL).

Another collection of geographical interest was made by Dr Finselbach (Tweed River,
Dr W. Finsellbach, July 1892, MEL 255246) which, if the locality information is correct,
would extend the range of B. ledifolia to northern, coastal New South Wales. At the
National Herbarium of Victoria there are a number of collections made by Finselbach
from the Tweed River and so this provenance should not be dismissed as erroneous.

Boronia ledifolia can be distinguished from B. chartacea by having smooth margins;
from the members of the B. alulata species-group and B. duiganiae by small, ovate-
deltate sepals; from B. lanceolata by pilose filaments; from B. odorata by longer
peduncles and petals; from members of the B. rosmarinifolia species-group by petiolate
leaves; and from members of the B. foetida species-group by smaller, acute sepals and the
sparse indumentum on the adaxial surface of the petals.

A chromosome number of n=16 has been recorded by Smith- White (1954), see also Stace
etal. (1993).

Fig. 9. Distribution of Boronia series Valvatae in part: B. ledifolia (•), location of Pine
River mouth (O), B. chartacea (□).

62

M.F. Duretto

Distribution and ecology: Boronia ledifolia is common and widespread in New South
Wales from Tenterfield to Eden; and is known from few small populations in East
Gippsland of Victoria (Fig. 9). The species is found in heath and dry sclerophyll forest on
sandstone and granite and can be locally dominant. Flowering: June-November; fruiting:
October-December.

The taxon called B. ledifolia by Neldner (1992) and Ross (1994) in southern
Queensland is either B. duiganiae or B. odorata\ that referred to as B. ledifolia by
Tennyson- Woods (1882) in north Queensland is probably a species of Zieria. Jessop
(1983) lists B. ledifolia as part of the flora of Lake Eyre Basin, South Australia. A mixed
collection of B. ledifolia and B. glabra {Schomburgk s.n. AD 96250177) is lodged at AD
and the locality information is assumed to be incorrect.

Conservation status: In New South Wales B. ledifolia is common, widespread and
found in several reserves; but in Victoria the species is restricted and vulnerable (Gullan
etal. 1990).

22. Boronia chartacea P. H. Weston, Telopea 4: 123 (1990). Type: New South Wales;
North Coast; Newry State Forest, 1.9 km S of Urunga, 30°32’S 152°58’E, R.G.
Coveny 4603, 13.ix.l972 (holotype NSW; isotypes AD 98344142, BRI AQ384983,
CANB 333153, K n.v., MEL 1620695, NSW 372773, PERTH «.v.). (sp. group
insertae sedis).

Boronia sp. C (aff. rosmarinifolia) sensu Jacobs and Pickard (1981, p. 191).

Boronia sp. aff. rosmarinifolia A. Cunn. (Constable 66836 NSW) sensu Rao and
Bhattacharya (1981, p. 17).

Illustrations: PH. Weston and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 232 (1991).

Erect much branched shrub to 2.8 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular stellate
hairs with 6-15 rays; rays white to yellow, 0. 1-0.25 mm long. Branches with a sparse to
dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves simple, chartaceous,
8^5 mm long, 1 .5-5 mm wide; petiole 0.5-2 mm long; lamina elliptical to narrowly
elliptical, obtuse, attenuate, the margins finely glandular warty, plane to recurved and
sometimes revolute on drying; adaxial surface glabrous or with few hairs on the midrib.
Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle to 1 mm
long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1-2 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls
minute; anthopodium 4-6 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5
mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface densely and
minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a dense
stellate indumentum. Petals 6-9 mm long, 3^ mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit
matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent; abaxial surface with a moderately
dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long, prominently
glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1 mm long;
antepetalous anther ± slightly larger than antesepalous anther before dehiscence; anther-
apiculum absent or minute. Disc glabrous, not (or rarely slightly) surrounding base of
filaments. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-4.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous to glabrescent
with few simple erect hairs along suture. Seeds 3.5-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens e.xamined (of 12 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES; NORTH COAST: Just
before Whiteman Ck crossing on road to Coaldale from Grafton, c. 29°27’S I52°50’E, M.F.
Duretto 105-107 and A.S. Jensz, 7. i. 1992 (MEL); Bril Bril Ck, Bellangry Forest, 20 miles NW of
Wauchope, 31°17’S 152°37’E, E.F. Constable 66836, 15.X.61 (NSW, PERTH); The -Punchbowl’

Boronia sect. Valvatae

63

near Copmanhurst, 29°35’S 152°46’E, D.M. O’Grady, viii.1970 (NSW); Cabbage tree Ck,
Wimperoree near Casino, 29°13’S 152°48’E, S. Benson 124 and Dodson, 4.vi.l984 (NSW); Pie
Mountain Ck, Kippara SF, 9435-566454, 31 °13’S 152°32’E, D. Binns, 23.xii.1986 (NSW); Wilson
R. above Wild Bull Picnic area, 31°15’S 152°31’E, T. and J. Whaite 3680, 24.viii.1980 (NSW);
Upper Rolah Plains, 31°15’S 152° 38’S, B. Lane, 1 l.ix.l956 (NSW).

Notes: Boronia chartacea can be distinguished from all other species in Boronia sect.
Valvatae by its thin papery leaves with glandular margins; it also differs from B.
rosmarinifolia, with which it is sympatric in the Grafton-Copmanhurst area, by its
petiolate leaves.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia chartacea occurs in the Grafton-Copmanhurst and
Wauchope areas. New South Wales (Fig. 9), where it is found in moist gullies and along
creeks in wet and dry sclerophyll forest over sandstone and granite. Flowering and
fruiting: August-January.

Conservation status: 3R (Briggs and Leigh 1996).

Boronia alulata species-group

Branches with a sparse to dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves petiolate, imparipinnate, the younger distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate,
adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse, stellate indumentum; the midribs raised on the
abaxial surface and impressed on the adaxial surface, with secondary thickening between
the midvein and the abaxial epidermis; leaflets with margins slightly recurved to revolute.
Prophylls minutely unifoliolate to minutely imparipinnate. Sepals narrowly ovate-deltate
to narrowly debate (except B. umbellata), acute, adaxial surface densely and minutely
pubescent and becoming glabrous towards the base, abaxial surface with a moderately
dense indumentum, often dark in colour. Petal adaxial surface with a sparse simple
indumentum. Disc sometimes swollen and surrounding base of fdaments, glabrous or
stellate-glabrescent.

Eight species from north Queensland to central New South Wales (Fig. 10) are placed
in this informal group: all have imparipinnate leaves that have raised midribs with
secondary thickening on the abaxial surface, and narrowly debate sepals (except B.
umbellata which has a swollen disc like B. mollis).

23. Boronia angustisepala Duretto, sp. nov. A Boronia ledifolia (Vent.) DC. sepalis
ovatis-triangularis anguste, et a B. amabilis S.T. Blake foliolis longioribus (5-25 non
3-18 mm longis), et B. umbellata P.H. Weston foliolis angustioribus (2-9 non 8-15
mm latis) differ!. Type.' Murrumbooee Cascades, Gibraltar Range N.P., Northern
Tablelands, New South Wales, 29°32’29”S 152°21’32”E, M.F. Duretto 673, P. Neish
and I. Thompson, 25.x. 1995 (holotype MEL 2043157; isotypes BRI, CANB, MEL
2043158, NSW, PERTH).

Boronia rubiginosa sensu (for example) Jacobs and Pickard (1981), Weston et al.
(1984), Weston (1990), Weston and Porteners (1991), Duretto (1995), Briggs and
Leigh (1996), Duretto and Ladiges (1999) non A.Cunn. ex Endl.

Boronia sp. D (aff. rubiginosa) sensu Jacobs and Pickard (1981, p. 191).

Illustrations: P.H. Weston and M. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: opposite p. 187,
and p. 231 (1991, as B. rubiginosa).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1.5 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 6-20 rays;

64

M.F. Duretto

rays white to red-brown, 0.25-0.75(-l) mm long. Branches with a dense, stellate
indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 10-55 mm long, 3-30 mm wide in
outline, with (l-)3-ll leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches;
petiole 2-5 mm long, winged; rachis segments 3-9 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, winged!
elliptical; leaflets sessile to subsessile, elliptic to spathulate, obtuse, adaxial surface with
a sparse stellate indumentum; terminal leaflet 6-25 mm long, 3-9 mm wide, longer than
laterals, lateral leaflets 5—16 mm long, 2—7 mm wide. Inflorescence 1— 3-flowered, with a
dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle 2—5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate,
0.5-3 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 4-13 mm long!
Sepals 3-6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Petals (6-7.5 in Sandy Hollow populations)-9-l 1 mm long, (3.5-)4-7 mm
wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse or rarely
moderately dense simple indumentum; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate
indumentum, the hairs concentrated on the midrib. Filaments pilose on the abaxial
surface and the margins below the glandular tip; antesepalous fdaments c. 1 .5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly
tuberculate, c. 1 mm long; anther-apiculum minute to large, erect. Disc not or
occasionally surrounding base of filaments slightly, glabrous or with occasional stellate
hair. Style glabrous. Cocci c. 6 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, glabrous or with a moderately
dense indumentum. Mature seed not seen.

Selected specimens examined (of 15 collections): NEW SOUTH WALES: NORTH WEST
SLOPES: NW slope of Waa Mtn, above Waa Gorge, N section of Mt Kaputor NP [30°05’S
150°07’E], G.H. Harden, l.x.1978 (NSW); NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Djaragens Warriors
rock formation turn-off on the Dandahra Crag track, Gibraltar Ra. N.P., 29°32’54”S 152°18’26”E,
M.F. Duretto 674-675, P.G. Neish and /. Thompson, 25.x. 1995 (MEL, NSW); Murrumbooee
Cascade via Mulligans Hut, Gibraltar Range NP, 29°31’S 152°25’E, J.B. Williams, 8.X.1988
(NSW); CENTRAL WEST SLOPES: Goulboum R. valley, 0.5 km S of Mt Kerrabee, 32°25’S
150°18’E, l.R. Telford 8187, 22.vi.1980 (CANB); Cox’s Gap, 6.3 km W of Kerrabee, 32°27’S
150°16’E, R. Coveny 9593, 25. ix. 1977 (CANB, NSW); Bumimbelong Ck [c. 32°24’S 150°02’E],
M. Williams 86, 3 1 .vii. 1 983 (NSW); Yarrawa via Denman, H. Mchem, x. 1 959 (NSW); Ranges near
Bylong Ck, Goulbum R., 32°30’S 150°15’E, R.T Baker, xi.l892 (NSW); Morrumbo, 50 miles N
of Rylstone, R.T. Baker, x.1893 (NSW); Giants Ck, 2 miles NW of Sandy Hollow [32°14’S
150°31’E], R. Storey 6758, 6.x. 1959 (CANB); Marobali NR, W of Wylong, T. Tame, ix.l981
(NSW); Mt Danger near Gungal, J.L. Boorman, 2.ix.l904 (NSW); E slope of Mt Danger near
Gungal, A. Rodd 340, 27.viii.1966 (NSW); Owen’s Gap, W of Scone, NSW, C. Burgess
13.viii.l969 (DNA).

Notes: Typical specimens of B. angustisepala have narrow ovate-deltate sepals while
populations north of Sandy Hollow have smaller flowers with sepals that are more ovate-
deltate in outline as with B. ledifolia. Detailed field research is required in the Sandy
Hollow area to determine the status of these populations and to see if these two species
intergrade. A large-flowered form (referred to as B. sp. D (aff. rubiginosa) by Jacobs and
Pickard 1981) from Mt Kaputar (NW slopes and tablelands) has ptetal as long as typical
B. angustisepala (cf. Weston 1990) though they are wider. Some sptecimens of B.
angustisepala from Cox’s Gap have large hairs (up to 1 mm long) on the abaxial surface
of the sepals and midribs of the petals: this variation also warrants further field research.
Boronia angustisepala can be distinguished from B. ledifolia by having narrow ovate-
deltate sepals and leaflets with obtuse tips, and from B. amabilis by larger leaflets and
usually having a sparse indumentum on the abaxial surface of the petals, and from B.
umbellata by the narrower leaflets.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia angustisepala occurs from the Gibraltar and
Nandewar Ranges (Northern Tablelands) south to the Sandy Hollow-Bylong district

Boronia sect. Valvatae

65

Fig. 10 . Distribution of Boronia alulata species-group: B. angustisepala (□), B. umbellata
(O). a mollis (•), a amabilis (★), B. obovata (■), B. alulata (A), B. quinkanensis (A), B.
holpolloi (☆).

(Central Coast), New South Wales (Fig. 10). TTie sp>ecies grows in dry sclerophyll forest
on sandstone or granite. Flowering: June-November; fruiting: October-December.

Conservation status: A ROTAP code of 2RCa has been given to this taxon by Briggs
and Leigh (1996), but 3RC- is more appropriate. Populations are conserved in Goulbum
River N.P., Kanangra-Boyd N.P., Wollemi N.P. (Briggs and Leigh 1996), Gibraltar Range
N.P., and possibly Mt Kaputar N.P.

Etymology . The specific epithet is derived from Latin angustus (narrow) and sepala
(sepal) and refers to the narrowly ovate-deltate sepals of the species that distinguish it
from B. ledifolia (see Notes and species 2 1 above).

24. Boronia umbellata P. H. Weston, Telopea 4: 123 (1990). Type: New South Wales,
North Coast; Sherwood Ck, 28 km NW of Coffs Harbour, 30°03’S 153°03’E H
Steimann 8124, 1 Lx. 1978 (holotype CANB [CBG7809599]; isotypes K n v MEL
1606335, NSW (2 sheets), PERTH 1623435).

Boronia sp. E (aff mollis) sensu Jacobs and Pickard (1981, p. 191).

Illustration: PH. Weston and M.E. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 232 (1991).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 5-20 rays; rays
white to red-hrown, 0. 1-0.5 mm long. Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum.

66

M.F. Duretto

becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 20-95 mm long, 10-55 mm wide in outline, with
(l-)3-7 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches; petiole 6-20 mm
long, winged; rachis segments 8-20 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; leaflets elliptic to broadly
elliptic, sessile, obtuse, plane, adaxial surface glabrous or with few stellate hairs on the
midrib; terminal leaflet 21^3 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, longer than lateral leaflets;
lateral leaflets 15-33 mm long, 8-15 mm wide. Inflorescence 1-10-flowered, with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 4-12 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, or minutely imparipinnate, 1-5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide;
metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 4-15 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acuminate,
2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial
surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals 7-10 mm long, 3.5-4 mm
wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent and
sometimes becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse to moderately
dense stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose on the abaxial surface and the margins
below the glandular tip; antesepalous filaments 1-1.5 mm long, prominently glandular on
the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments c. I mm long; anther-apiculum minute. Disc
swollen, surrounding base of filaments slightly, with an occasional stellate hair. Style
glabrous. Cocci glabrous. Mature fruit and whole seed not seen.

Additional specimens examined: NEW SOUTH WALES: NORTH COAST: Intersection of
Whinge Rd and Perberry’s Spur Rd, above Sherwood Ck, 30°05’S 153°03’E, GJ. Harden 93031
and D.W. Harden, 6.ix.l993 (MEL, NSW); Clarence R., Wilcott, xi.l875 (MEL); Richmond River,
Mrs Hodgkinson, xii.1884 (MEL); Waihou Trig., 30° 05’ S 153° 02’ E, C. Burgess, 25.viii.1973
(NSW, PERTH); Sherwood forest reserve, Orara Valley, 30°00’S 153°00’E, A. Specht, x.1990
(NSW); Wedding Bells SF, Coffs Harbour district, 30°06’S 153°10’E, K. Gray, 8.ix.I953 (NSW);
Caledonian Knob Rd, Bagawa SF, 12 km S of Glenreagh, 30°08’S 152°58’E, A.R. Bean 2438,
(BRI, NSW); 15 km from Moonie Ck, turn off to Cower Bucca, 30°09’E 153°08’E R.N. Steley,
xii.1974 (NSW); Nana Glen, D.W.G. Shiress, vii.1924 (NSW); Coramba Mt, Orara R., J.L.
Boorman, xi.l912 (NSW); Coffs harbour to Grafton, J.H. Maiden and J.L Boorman, xi.I903
(NSW).

Notes: Maiden and Baker ( 1 895) and Maiden and Betche (1905) included B. umbellata
in B. mollis, and Cheel (1928) included it in what he called B. ruhiginosa (= B.
angustisepala, see above) (see Weston 1990). Boronia umbellata can be distinguished
from B. mollis by having a dense indumentum on the abaxial surface of the leaves, from
B. angustisepala by its larger leaflets, and from all species in the B. alulata species-group
by its ovate-deltate sepals.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia umbellata occurs between Athol Glen and Coramba,
north of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales (Fig. 10), where it is found in wet sclerophyll
forest on sandstones and meta sediments (Weston 1990). Flowering: June-November;
fruiting: October-December.

Conservation status: 2VC- (Briggs and Leigh 1996).

25. Boronia mollis A. Cunn. ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 27 (1841). Type Citation:
“Nepean River, New Holland, 1825.” Type: Nepean River, N.S. Wales [Central Coast,
New South Wales, c. 34°S 150°40’E], A. C. [A. Cunningham], 1825 (lectotype, here
designated, CGE n.v. (transparency MEL 2041247, NSW); isolectotypes BRI
AQ3I8454, K (ex Linnean Society) n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041214, cibachrome
NSW), K (Allan Cunningham’s Australian Collection) n.v. (cibachrome MEL
2041218, photograph AD 99803346, left hand specimen)).

Illustrations: A.M. Blomberry, What Wildflower Is That? , 68 (1973); J. Galbraith,

Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of South-East Australia, t. 17.3 (1977); W.R. Elliot

Boronia sect. Valvatae

67

and D.L. Jones, Encyclopedia of Australian Plants 2nd ed., 345 (1985); I. Clarke and
H. Lee, Name That Flower, 121, fig. 62 (1987); L. Cronin, Consise Austral. FL, 79
(1989); A. Fairley and P. Moore, Native Plants of the Sydney District, 234, t. 808
(1989); L. Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, 115 (1991); P.H.
Weston and M.F. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 232 (1991).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 7-20 rays; rays
white to red-brown, 0.1-1.25 mm long. Branches with a moderately dense to dense
stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 10-60 mm long, 6-30 mm
wide, not obviously glandular to slightly glandular, with (l-)3-9 leaflets, the leaflet
number per leaf increasing along branches; petiole 2-28 mm long, winged; rachis
segments {[Errington 545 ] 2.5-)5-7 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, winged, elliptical; leaflets
sessile to subsessile, petiolule to 2 mm long, lamina broadly elliptic, obtuse, plane;
adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum; abaxial surface with a
sparse to moderately dense indumentum of multiangular stellate hairs, peltate stellate
hairs absent; terminal leaflet 6-35 mm long, 4-9 mm wide, longer than lateral leaflets;
lateral leaflets 5-1 1 mm long, 3-6 mm wide. Inflorescence 3-flowered, with a moderately
dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 2-3 mm long; prophylls 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm
wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 6-12 mm long. Sepals 3-5 mm
long, c. 1 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures. Petals (4.5-)7-10 mm long,
(2.5-)3^.5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple
pubescent; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Filaments
glabrous or rarely pilose below glandular tip; antesepalous filaments 1-1.5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate,
0.5-1 mm long; anther-apiculum absent. Disc glabrous, enlarged and swollen,
surrounding base of filaments. Style glabrous. Cocci (not seen) glabrous (fide Weston and
Porteners, 1991). Seed not seen. Soft Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 30 collections): NEW SOUTFl WALES; CENTRAL
COAST: Manning R. National Forest No. 1, between “Big Nellie” and “Little Nellie”, C. and I P.
Burgess, 28.iii.1962 (MEL); Landsdow SF, Newbys Creek Rd., 31°44’S 152°32’E, P. Gilmour
5872, 23. ix. 1986 (CANB); Comboyne State Forest 698, 15 miles SW of Kendall, E.F. Constable,
27.x. 1956 (NSW); Coal and Candle Cks, E.F. Constable, 21. ix. 1949 (NSW); Between Kendall and
Taree, Pacific Hwy, R.G. Coveny, 9.ix.l967 (NSW); Palm Beach, Walters, x.1934 (NSW); Foley
Hill, Bay view, E. Hoskin, 16.ix.l951 (NSW); Erskine Ck, Jack Even Track, Blue Mountains NP,
33°51’S 150°35’E, P.H. Weston 1056, 13. ix. 1987 (NSW); Erskine Ck. Blue Mountains, mouth of
Big Crater Ck, T.S. Whaite 240, 29.vii.1959 (NSW); Norton’s Basin 3 km WNW of Wallacia,
33°52’S 150°36’E/?. Conveny 1 1 178, 17.vii.l982 (NSW); Deep Ck Narrabeen, O. Hellzer, iii.1967
(NSW); In gully S of 95 Cabbage Tree Rd, Bayview, 33°40’S 151°18’E, R. Johnson 132 and C.
Coulton, 15.xi.l988 (NSW); Church Pt, Cowan, R. Tate, xi.l927 (NSW); CENTRAL
TABLELANDS: Wollemi N.P., G. Errington 545, 28.vi.1996 (NSW).

Typification: Lindley (loc. cit.) stated that the authority of B. mollis was A.
Cunningham and referred to a 1825 Nepean River collection. It can be assumed that the
collection was an Allan Cunningham collection. Specimens matching this information
have been located at BRI, CGE and K. Annotations on one of the K sheets states it was
a gift from LINN, while the other sheet was part of Alan Cunningham’s herbarium. The
CGE sheet label reads ‘Nepean River N.S. Wales 1825 AC’: the AC is no doubt referring
to the collector being Alan Cunningham. This sheet is in excellent condition and is chosen
as the lectotype.

Notes: A collection from the northern end of Wollomi N.P. (Errington 545, NSW) have
smaller leaves, in general, than other plants. Also, the abaxial surface of the sepals and
the midrib on the abaxial surface of the petals have an indumentum of large, purple.

68

M.F. Duretto

stellate hairs. Here the plant is assigned to B. mollis and further collections, with fully
developed flowers, are needed to determine if this variant warrants taxonomic
recognition.

Bentham ( 1 863) considered B. mollis and B. fraseri to be similar in the morphology of
both the style and stamen, and both do have short filaments surrounded at the base by the
disc (as does B. umbellata and sometimes B. angustisepala and B. keysii). This
relationship was also suggested by Mueller (1875, p. Ill) and Maiden and Betche
(1905). Maiden and Betche (1905) considered B. mollis and B. fraseri to be part of a dine
including B. ledifolia. Boronia mollis can be distinguished from B. fraseri by its
moderately dense indumentum with targe hairs (to 1 mm long); and from B. ledifolia, B.
angustisepala and B. umbellata by the absence of a dense indumentum of small peltate
hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaves. A chromosome number of n=16 was recorded
by Smith-White (1954). Thin-walled vesiculose sclereids have been reported for this
species (Rao and Bhattacharya 1978, 1981).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia mollis occurs from the Kendall District to Sydney,
New South Wales (Fig. 10), where it is found growing in dry sclerophyll forests in gullies
on sandstone (Weston and Porteners 1991). Flowering: June-November; fruiting:
October-December.

Conservation status: 2R.

26. Boronia amabilis S. T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 73: 74 (1963). Type: Lyra,
Qd, S.T. Blake 21094, 3.x. 1959 (holotype BRI AQ035209] isotypes BRI AQ3I8430,
BRI AQ318431, CANB 378177, MO n.v., NSW).

Illustration: J. Galbraith, Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of South-East Australia, t.

17.1 (1977); B. McDonald, C. Gravatt, P. Grimshaw and J. Williams, The Flora of

Girraween and Bald Rock National Parks, 65 (1995).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 10-25 rays;
rays white to red-brown, 0.1-1 mm long. Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum,
becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 10-55 mm long, 6-28 mm wide in outline, with
3-15 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches; petiole 3-5 mm long,
winged; rachis segments 2-7 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, winged, elliptical; leaflets sessile,
elliptic, obtuse, the margins recurved (rarely plane), adaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum; terminal leaflet 3-18 mm long, 1.5-6 mm wide,
longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 3-15 mm long, 2-A mm wide. Inflorescence (l-)3-7-
flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 2-5 mm long;
prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, 1-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm
wide; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 3-6(-10) mm long. Sepals narrowly ovate-
deltate, 3.5-6 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; abaxial
surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 8-12 mm long, 4-6
mm wide, enlarging to 15 mm long and 8 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with
a sparse simple or stellate minute indumentum, sometimes becoming glabrous towards
base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments
pilose on the abaxial surface and the margins below the glandular tip; antesepalous
filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous
filaments c. 1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum minute or large, erect or reflexed. Disc
glabrous, entirely within stamen whorl. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2-3 mm
wide, glabrous. Seed 3-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide. Wyberba Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 20 collections): QUEENSLAND; DARLING DOWNS
DISTRICT: Signboard Mtn, Girraween N.P., 28°49’50”S 15I°58’49”E, P.l. Forster /75^^0 and S.J.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

69

Figg, 26.viii.1995 (BRI n.v., MEL); Junction track, c. 300 m after crossing Bald Rock Ck from Bald
Rock Ck camping area, Girraween NP, c. 28°55’S 151°56’E M.F. Duretto 353-354 and M. Bayly,
15.ix.l993 (MFD353-. BRI, MEL, NSW; MFD354: MEL); Mt Norman, 7 km NW of Wallangarra,
28°52’S 151°58’E l.R. Telford 31 15, 25.ix.1973 (NSW, CANB); Castle Rock-Mt Norman saddle,
6 km NNE of Wallangarra, 28°53’S 151°57’E, J.R. Telford 9848 and M. Crisp, 28.ix.1984 (AD,
CANB, MEL); 2 miles E of Ballandean, property of B. McDonagh, 28°49’S 151°53’E W.E. Fischer
198, 17.x. 1974 (BRI, CANB, NSW); Wyberba, Bald Rock Ck, 6 miles S of Stanthorpe, L. Pedley
1561, 31.x. 1963 (BRI); On property of W. McDonagh, Lyra, K.N. Shea S123, 22.x. 1962 (BRI).

Notes: Boronia amabilis can be distinguished from B. granitica and B. repanda by
having a dense indumentum of sessile hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaves; from B.
ledifolia by its narrowly debate sepals; and from B. angustisepala by its moderately
dense to dense indumentum on the abaxial surface of the petals. Unbranched sclereids
have been reported for this species (Rao and Bhattacharya 1981).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia amabilis occurs over a limited area around Wyberba
and Girraween N.P., Queensland (Fig. 10), where found growing in open eucalypt forest
or woodland over granite. Flowering: August-November; fruiting: October-November.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Briggs and Leigh 1996): found in Girraween N.P.

27. Boronia obovata C. T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 53: 206 (1942). Type:
Leichhardt District, Blackdown Tablelands, H.G. Simmons No. 3, Sept., 1937
(holotype BRI AQ1I381 & AQ11380 (transparency MEL 204 123 1)).

Illustrations: K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants Queensland 2: 58 (1984) ; S. Pearson
and A. Pearson, Plants of Central Queensland, 73 (1988); J.W. Wrigley and M. Fagg,
Australian Native Plants, 222 (1988).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 6-20 rays; rays
white to yellow, 0.1-1 mm long, becoming weak and flexuous as the hair ages. Branches
with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum. Leaves trifoliolate but first few pairs on
seedlings and axillary branches simple; petiole 1-5 mm long, not winged; leaflets sessile
or on petiolule to 5 mm long, lamina elliptic to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, the margins
revolute to recurved, adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum; terminal leaflet 6-42 mm long, 1.5-11 mm wide, longer than laterals;
lateral leaflets 4-23 mm long, 1 .5-8 mm wide. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered, with a dense,
stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5^ mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1-3 mm
long, 0.5-2 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 2-9 mm long.
Sepals 3-5.5 mm long, (0.5-)l-l .5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures;
abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 4.5-8 mm
long, 2.5-4 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple
or stellate minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose on the abaxial surface
and the margins below the glandular tip; antesepalous filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, 1-1.5
mm long; anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Disc glabrous, entirely within stamen whorl.
Style glabrous. Cocci 4.5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, glabrous or with a sparse to
moderately dense, simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seed 4-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 30 collections): QUEENSLAND; PORT CURTIS
DISTRICT; On track between Rainbow Falls and the car park, Blackdown Tablelands NP,
23°50’30”S 149'’06’00”E, M.F. Duretto 293-302 and M. Bayly, 9.ix. 1 992 (MFD293, 295, 299-301:
BRI, MEL; MFD294, 296-298: MEL; MFD302: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); On track

70

M.F. Duretto

south from Peregrine lookout, Blackdown Tablelands NP, 23°50’S I49°06’E, M.F. Duretto 303-
306, 308-312 and M. Bayly, 9.ix.l992 (MFD303-306: MEL; MFD308, 311: BRI, MEL; MFD309:
BRI, MEL. NSW; MFD310, 312: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Horseshoe Lookout, Blackdown
Tableland, c. 7 km SE of Blackwater, 23°45’S 149°07’E, P.C. Jobson 278, 18.V.1988 (MEL);
Blackdown Tablelands, c. 6 km westerly from forestry camp on Mimosa Ck, 23°47’S 149°07’E,
K.A. Williams 74061, 3,ix. 1 974 (BRI); Blackdown Tablelands, 1 2 miles SSE of Bluff, R. W. Johnson
1011, 20.ix.l959 (BRI); Rockland Spring, 26 miles SSE of Blackdown Township, Leichhardt
District, Storey and Yapp 237, 15.ix.l962 (AD, CANB, DNA, PERTH); Blackdown Tablelands,
South Mimosa, Old Creek Rd towards gorge, 23°48’S 149°08’E, J. Armstrong 1111 and J.M.
Powell, 21. ix. 1977 (CANB); c. 32 km SE of Blackwater, (Campsite on Mimosa Ck), 23°5-’S
149°0-’E, R.J. Henderson 611, SB. Andrews and P. Sharpe, 18.iv.l971 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW);
Westbrook Station, C.H. Gittens 251, vii.1959 (BRI).

Notes: White (1942) thought B. obovata had affinities with B. triphylla {-B. ledifolia),
which is true in a broad sense although B. obovata is more closely related to the species
in the B. alulata species-group (Duretto and Ladiges 1999). Boronia obovata can be
distinguished from these species by always having trifoliolate leaves. The local
Aboriginals apparently collected and ate the pollen of this species (Pearson and Pearson
1989).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia obovata is endemic to the Blackdown Tablelands,
Central Queensland (Fig. 10), where it is found in eucalypt woodland and forest on
sandstone. Records of this species from the Maranoa District (Ross 1994; Forster 1997)
are most likely records of B. duiganiae. Flowering: January-September; fruiting: April-
October.

Conservation status: Though restricted in distribution, B. obovata is common in the
Blackdown Tablelands N.P. and State Forests and so seems secure.

28. Boronia alulata Sol. ex Benth., FI. austral. 1: 313 (1863). Type citation:
“Queensland, Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, R. Brown, (hb Brit. Mus. and
R.Br.)” Type: Endeavour River [15°27’S 145°15’E, Cook, Qld], Banks and Solander,
1770 (herbarium of R. Brown) (lectotype, here designated, BM (sheet with two
branchlets and a type label in the upper right comer) n.v. (transparencies BRI, MEL
2041232); isolectotypes BM (sheet with five branchlets and a type label in the lower
right comer) n.v. (transparency MEL 2041233), K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041206;
photograph AD 99548189), MEL 2041249).

Illustrations: W.R. Elliot and D.L. Jones, Encyclopedia of Australian Plants 2nd ed.,

345 (1985); H. Ebes The Florilegium of Captain Cook’s First Voyage to Australia,

1768-1771, 56, t. 28 (1988).

Erect, much branched shrub to 3 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 5-10 rays; rays
white to yellow, 0. 1-0.5 mm long. Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum,
becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves 8^0 mm long, 7-25 mm wide in outline, with
5-17 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches; petiole 1-5 mm long,
winged; rachis segments 1.5-5 mm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm wide, winged, elliptical; leaflets
sessile to subsessile, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, acute, the margins revolute to recurved,
adaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent with hairs mainly on the midrib; terminal leaflet
3-13 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, c. equal to lateral leaflets; lateral leaflets 3-9 mm long,
1-4 mm wide. Inflorescence 3-7-flowered, glabrous or with a sparse to dense, stellate
indumentum; peduncle 1-30 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely
imparipinnate, 1-7 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long;
anthopodium 1-6 mm long. Sepals narrowly debate, acute, 2-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm

Boronia sect. Valvatae

71

wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent,
or, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals (3-)5-7 mm long,
( 1 .5-)2.5-3.5 mm wide, enlarging to 6-9 mm long and 2.5-4 mm wide as fruit matures;
adaxial surface densely and minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent, or, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum. Filaments pilose on the abaxial surface and the margins below the glandular
tip; antesepalous filaments 2-2.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm;
antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, 1 .5-2 mm long; anthers attached subapically
to the filament, anther-apiculum absent or rarely minute. Disc glabrous, entirely within
stamen whorl. Style glabrous. Cocci 3-5 mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide, glabrous, glossy.
Seeds 2-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide. Bala-bal-balgal (Bailey 1913).

Selected specimens examined {of c. 60 collections): QUEENSLAND; COOK DISTRICT:
Dackany Ck, feeding into the N side of Oxford Ness, 11°18’S 142°49’E, D. Fell 893465,
16.vii.l987 (BRI); Cape York Peninsular, in the vicinity of McDonnell, 11°35’S 142°27’E, R.
Isabell, vii.1970 (BRI); 18.4 km by road SE of Heathlands, 1 1°47’S 142°40’E, J.R. Clarkson 9234
and V.J. Neldner, 28. ii. 1992 (BRI, MBA, MEL); Bertie Ck crossing, c. 13 km SW of Heathlands,
irSO’S 142°30’E, RC. Jobson 793 and G.C.J. Power, 2.ix.l989 (MEL); Olive R., 12°10’S
143°05’E, B. Hyland 7462, 13.ix.l974 (MEL, QRS); 9 km along Bolthead Rd, off Maloney’s
Springs Rd, 12°24’S 142°29’E, P. Forster 5493, 25.vi.1989 (BRI, CANB); 17 km NE of Browns
Ck towards Iron Ra. (191 km c. N of Coen by road), c. 12°43’S 143°13’E, R. Coveny 7133 and P.
Hind, 15.ix.l975 (BRI, CANB, NSW); Mt Tozer, 12°43’S 143°12’E, J. Clarkson 2886, 22.ii.1980
(BRI, DNA, MBA, QRS); Bathurst Bay (Muck R.), 14°20’S 144°25’E, B. Hyland 6311,
27.vii.1972 (BRI, QRS); 14.5 km N of Wakooka on the track to Bathurst Bay and Cape Melville
NP, 14°25’S 144°30’E, J.R. Clarkson 5369, 16.vi.l984 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MBA); road between
Heathlands and Captain Billy Heath, 1 1°44’S 142°37’E, A. Moreton 584, 13.V.1980 (BRI); Starke
Station Homestead-Cape Flattery, 15°02’S 145°10’E, L Webb and J. Tracey 13800, 13.vii.l976
(BRI, QRS); 3.5 km N of the mouth of the Mclvor R., 15°06’S 145°15’E, J. Clarkson 5222,
3.ii.l984 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MBA, QRS); Beach dunes S of Cape Bedford, c. 23 km NNE of
Cooktown, 15°17’S 145°21’E, J. Clarkson 3302, 30.vii.l980 (CANB, DNA, BRI, MBA, QRS,
NSW); Along track, 1 9 km E of Hopevale Mission near Quoin Hill, c. 15°19’S 145°15’E, A. Kanw
1920, 4.viii.l978 (CANB); 6 km from Cooktown-Mareeba Rd along road to Archer Point,
15°35.77’S 145°17.53’E, M.F Duretto 394-395 and A. Vadala, 23.V.1993 (BRI, CANB, MEL,
NSW, PERTH).

Typification: When Bentham (1863) described B. alulata he stated he had seen
specimens from Endeavour River collected by Banks and Solander and R. Brown: viz.
“Qld. Endeavour river. Banks and Solander, R. Brown (Hb. Brit. Mus. and R.Br.)”.
Specimens collected by Banks and Solander have been located at BM, K and MEL. There
are two sheets at BM; one with five twigs, and the other with two, and as the latter is in
the better condition it is designated the lectotype. This sheet has a type label in the upper
right hand comer, and the other BM sheet has a type label in the lower right hand comer.

Notes: This species is variable in the size of the leaf, inflorescence and floral parts.
Specimens from the top of Mt Tozer and other exposed areas tend to be smaller than those
from more sheltered positions. These differences appear to be environmental but the
variation does warrant further field research. The abaxial surface of the petals can be
glabrous to glabrescent, or densely hirsute depending on the specimen. These forms are
sympatric and some collections (i.e. Moreton 584) include both. This variation is not
considered to be of any significant taxonomic importance, but would make an interesting
study.

Boronia alulata is closely related to B. quinkanensis and B. hoipolloi (Duretto and
Ladiges 1999) from which it can be distinguished by being glabrous or having a sparse
indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves. It can be distinguished from B. ledifolia.

72

M.F. Duretto

a species with which it is sometimes confused, by the anthers being attached sub-apical ly
to the tdaments and the long, narrow sepals. The Aboriginal people of the Endeavour
River call this species “Bala-bal-balgal” (Bailey 1913).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia alulata occurs from the tip of Cape York to just
south of Cooktown, Queensland (Fig. 10), and is found in woodlands and heaths on sand
and silts in coastal and upland areas. Flowering: February-November; fruiting; May-
November.

Conservation status: Common, widespread, found in several conservation reserves and
under no immediate threat.

29. Boronia quinkanensis Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 291 (19^9), fig. 14 F-K. Type: 22.4
km from Kennedy River on the Jedda Creek Track to King River Station, 15°4I’S
143°47’E, J.R. Clarkson 3712, 24. vi. 1981 (holotype BRI AQ348406; isotypes
CANB 372104, CANB {CBG 8505343), DNA /i.v., K n.v, MO n.v, NSW 244358).

Boronia sp. “Jedda Creek” (J.R. Clarkson 3712) sensu Thomas and McDonald (1987
p. 49; 1989, p. 46).

Boronia sp. “Mt Mulligan” (J.R. Clarkson 5769) sensu Thomas and McDonald (1987
p. 49; 1989, p. 46).

Boronia sp. (Mt Mulligan, J.R. Clarkson 5301) sensu Ross (1994, p. 303); Forster
(1997, p. 185).

Boronia sp.4 (Mt Mulligan; J.R. Clarkson 5301 ) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p. 167).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2.5 m tall, with a dense, stellate indumentum on the
branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs with 7-15 rays; rays
white, 0. 1-0.5 mm long, firm, straight, glossy, smooth. Leaves 6-25 mm long, 4—15 mm
wide in outline, with (l-)3-ll leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along
branches; petiole 1-5 mm long, winged; rachis segments 1.5-6 mm long, 0.5-2 mm
wide, winged, broader at the distal end; leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, subsessile,
obtuse, the margins recurved; terminal leaflet (2-)6-l5 mm long, (l-)3-7 mm wide,
longer than preceding laterals but otherwise shortest; lateral leaflets (2-)5-l I mm long,
(l-)3-5 mm wide. Inflorescence l-3(-5-9)-flowered; peduncle 1-23 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, 2.5-5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide;
metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 1—10 mm long. Sepals narrower but
c. the same length or slightly shorter than petals, acute to slightly acuminate, 3-5 mm
long, 1-1.5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial surface with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 4-5.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide,
enlarging to 6-7 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple
indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a dense, stellate
indumentum. Filaments pilose on the abaxial surface and the margins below the glandular
tip; antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm;
antepetalous filaments slightly to strongly tuberculate, 1-1.5 mm long; anthers attached
subapically to the filament, anther-apiculum present but minute. Di.sc glabrous, entirely
within stamen whorl. Style glabrous. Cocci 3.5— 4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, glabrous
or glabrescent, glossy. Seeds 3-4 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 15 collections): QUEENSLAND; COOK DISJTUCT: Sandy
Ck area N of Jowalbinna, 15°43’S I44°18’E,4.R. Bean /7/0, 4.vii. 1990 (BRI, NSW); Near Laura
R., 15°45’S I44°39’E, N. Byrnes 3079, 26.viii.l974 (BRI. MEL, NSW); Jowalbinna camp, c. 30

Boronia sect. Valvatae

73

km SSW of Laura, 15°45’S 144°15’E, H. van der WerfflI7l6, 15.vi.l990 (QRS); 35 km directly
SW of Laura, just below escarpment of Pine Tree Ck, 15°47’S 144°12’E, M. Parris 9198,
21.iv.l987 (BRI, CANB); 35 km SW of Laura, on plateau leading to escarpment above Brady Ck,
15°47’S 144°13’E, M. Parris 9200, 23.V.1987 (BRI, CANB, NSW); 4 km S of the crossing of
Shepherd Ck on the Maytown Track, 15°47’S 144°16’E, J.R. Clarkson 9619 and V.J. Neldner,
17.vi.l992 (BRI, DNA, K, L, M, MBA, MEL, NSW, PERTH, QRS); 6 km south of Jowalbinna turn
off on the Maytown track, 15°48’S I44°16’E, J.R. Clarkson 5050, 17.xi.l983 (CANB); c. 42 km
directly SSW of Laura, and c. 2 km W of Maytown track just above escarpment of Mossman Ck,
15°55’S 144°18’E, M. Parris 9190, I9.V.1987 (CANB); Mount Mulligan, c. 30 km NW of
Dimbulah, 16°48’S \44°49’E, J.R.Clarkson 10541, 28.vi.1995 (BRI, MBA, MEL); Foot of cliffs,
Mt Mulligan, 16°52’S 144°52’E, H. Flecker, 18.xii.l936 (QRS); The Gorge, Mt Mulligan, Dr.
Flecker, 2.iv.l934 (BRI); Mt Mulligan, c. 40 km NW of Dimbulah, I6°52’S 144°5rE, / R.
Clarkson 5769, 15.iv.l985 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MBA, MEL, QRS); SW part of Mt Mulligan, c.
16°54’S 144°51’E, M.F Duretto 380, 385, 388-389 and A. Vadala, 20.V.1993 {MFD380: MEL;
MFD385: BRI, CANB, DNA, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD388: AD, BRI, MEL; MFD389: AD,
BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL, NSW).

Notes: Boronia quinkanensis can be distinguished from B. hoipolloi by its wider
leaflets (> 1 mm wide); from B. lanuginosa by having sepals that are never wider than
the petals and rarely longer; and from all other species of Boronia in north Queensland
by the dense indumentum on the leaves and stems.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia quinkanensis occurs in the ‘Quinkan’ sandstone
country south of Laura, and also on Mt Mulligan (near Dimbulla) to the south,
Queensland (Fig. 10), where it is found in woodland and heath on sandstone. Flowering
and fruiting: April-December.

Conservation status: 3R (Duretto 1999).

30. Boronia hoipolloi Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 288 (1999), fig. 14 A-E. Type:
Amphitheatre, a sandstone escarpment c. 27 km north of Musslebrook mining Camp,
18°21’S 138°09’S, J.R. Clarkson 10473, 12. vi. 1995 (holotype BRI; isotypes MEL
2032037, MEL 2032038).

Boronia aff. alulata (NW Qld, Clarkson 10473) sensu Duretto (1997, pp. 302, 315).

Pendulous or erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm long, with a dense, stellate
indumentum on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs
sessile, 4—12 rays; rays white, to 0.2 mm long, firm, straight, glossy, smooth. Leaves
15-35 mm long, 5-13 mm wide in outline, with 7-25 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf
increasing along branches; petiole 2-5 mm long, winged; rachis segments 1.5-6 mm
long, c. 0.5 mm wide, winged, oval; leaflets opposite or sometimes subopposite,
subsessile, narrowly-elliptic to linear, obtuse, the margins recurved; terminal leaflet 1-8
mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; lateral leaflets 1-7 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, longer than most
distal lateral leaflets but shorter than others. Inflorescence 1-5-flowered; peduncle to 2
mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, to 2.5 mm long;
metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 1—4 mm long. Sepals acute to slightly acuminate,
2-3.5 mm long, 0.75-1.25 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; abaxial
surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Petals 3.5-5 mm long,
1.5-2 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a
moderately dense simple indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface
with a dense, stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose on the abaxial surface and the
margins below the glandular tip; antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently
glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate or not, 1-1.5

74

M.F. Duretto

mm long; anthers attached subapically to the filament, abaxial surface not frosty,
appendage absent or minute. Disc glabrous, entirely within stamen whorl. Style hirsute
or glabrous. Cocci (fully mature cocci not seen) c. 3.5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, glabrous
or glabrescent. Seeds (mature seeds not seen) grey, dull, 1 .5-2 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide,
surface at magnification covered with what appears to be collapsed tubercle-like units;
units 10-30 pm across.

Additional specimen examined: QUEENSLAND; BOURKE DISTRICT: Amphitheatre, 40 km
(by road) north of Musslebrook Mining Camp, 18°21’S 138°10’S, R.W. Johnson 779 and MB.
Thomas, 3.V.1995 (BRl).

Notes: Boronia hoipolloi can be distinguished from B. lanuginosa by sepals that are
narrower and shorter than the petals, from B. quinkanensis by narrow leaflets (< 1 mm
wide); and from B. alulata by a dense indumentum throughout.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia hoipolloi is known from two recent collections from
the Amphitheatre, north of the Musslebrook Mining Camp, nortb-westem Queensland. It
is locally common and found in crevices on vertical sandstone cliff faces and scree slopes
(collectors’ notes). Flowering material was collected in May and June, fruiting material
in June.

Conservation status: 2R (Duretto 1999).

Boronia lanceolata species-group

Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves
petiolate, imparipinnate or simple, adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse to dense
indumentum; leaflets or simple leaves, broad elliptic, acute, tbe margins plane to slightly
recurved (sometimes revolute on drying), the midrib raised prominently on tbe abaxial
surface and impressed on tbe adaxial surface, cells between midvein and abaxial
epidermis with secondary thickening. Inflorescence 1 -many-flowered, with a dense,
stellate indumentum. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Sepals acuminate to acute,
abaxial surface with a dense, fawn stellate indumentum. Abaxial surface of petals
sometimes with hairs that have firm, glossy, straight rays. Disc glabrous, entirely within
stamen whorl.

Three species of central and north-western Queensland and the Northern Territory (Fig.

1 1) are placed in this informal group. The group is characterised by ovate-deltate sepals,
petiolate leaves that have a prominently raised midribs with secondary thickening, and an
umbellate inflorescence.

31. Boronia duiganiae Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 292 (1999), fig. 14 L-Q. Type:
Consuelo, 16 miles SW of Rolleston Township, Lazarides and Storey 116, fix. 1961
(holotype CANB II2028-, isotypes AD 96244143, BRI AQI21206, MEL 250602,
NSW 238032).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile with c. 10-25
rays; rays white to yellow, to 0.75(-l ) mm long, firm and straight but becoming weak and
flexuous as the hair ages. Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum, becoming
glabrous as they age. Leaves (6-) 1 3-45 mm long, (3-)6-35 mm wide in outline, with
(l-)3-5 leaflets, the leaflet number per leaf increasing along branches; petiole 2-8 mm
long, winged; rachis segments winged 4—10 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, elliptical or the
distal end wider; leaflets sessile or with petiolule to I mm long, lamina elliptic to
oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, plane or with a recurved to revolute margin, adaxial surface
with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum; terminal leaflet 6-31 mm long, 3-12 mm
wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 5-17 mm long, 2.5-8 mm wide. Inflorescence

Boronia sect. Valvatae

75

1-3-flowered, with a dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate, 1-5 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide;
metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 1—2 mm long. Sepals ovate-del tate, acuminate to
acute, 3.5-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial
surface densely and minutely pubescent and becoming glabrous towards base. Petals
6-1 1 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a
sparse to moderately dense simple indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose;
antesepalous filaments 2-2.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm;
antepetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther frosty;
anther-apiculum minute or large, reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-5.5 mm long, 2-3 mm
wide, with a sparse to moderately dense indumentum. Seeds 4-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 20 collections)-. QUEENSLAND; LEICHHARDT DISTRICT:
Mt Moffatt section of Carnarvon N.P. behind Tambo Bluff, 25°02’S 147°27’E, M.B. Thomas 137,
29.ix.1986 (BRI); 20 km from Springsure towards Rolleston, 24°13’S I48°14’E, M.F. DurettoSM-
319, 10.ix.l992 (MFD3I4-. BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD315: AD, BRI, MEL, NSW;
MFD316-. BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW; MFD317, 318: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW; MFD319: MEL);
Hilltop, 9.35 km N of 1st Carnarvon Gorge turnoff and 125.35 km N of Injune, 24°32’S 148°31’E,
M.F. Duretto 320-324, 326 and M. Bayly, 10.ix.l992 (MFD320: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH;
MFD32T. BRI, MEL; MFD322, 323: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW; MFD324: AD, BRI, CANB, MEL,
NSW; MFD326: MEL); Stonecroft Caves [c. 24°55’S 149°33’E] N of Taroom, A.J. Gray
DMG4370, 26.vii.1958 (BRI); Mt Moffatt section of Carnarvon NP behind Tambo Bluff, 25°02’S
147°27’E, M.B. Thomas 137, 29.ix.1986 (BRI); Mt Moffatt turnoff to Kenniffs Cave, 25°01’S
147°57’E, K.A. Williams 86083, 29.ix.1986 (BRI); Near Dawson highway on Expedition Ra.,
24°4-’S 149°0-’E, R.E. Phillips, 3.viii.l988 (BRI); Ceres holding, 10.8 km (by road) W of

Fig. 11. Distribution of Boronia lanceolata species-group: B. duiganiae (■), B. odorata (O)
B. lanceolata (•).

76

M.F. Duretto

Rolleston-Injune RD at Christmas Ck Crossing, 24°48’S 148°29?’E. P.N. Martensz I082A,
25.viii.1978 (CANB); Orion Downs, Dr Wuth (MEL).

Notes: Boronia duiganiae can be distinguished from B. odorata and B. lanceolata by
imparipinnate leaves on adult shoots and longer hairs (to 1 mm long) on the abaxial
surface of the leaves and sepals; and from B. obovata by ovate-deltate sepals with a
dense, fawn indumentum on the abaxial surface.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia duiganiae is restricted to the Great Dividing,
Carnarvon and Expedition Ranges, south and south-west of Springsure and Rolleston,
Queensland (Fig. 11). It is found growing in open woodland or forest on sandstone.
Flowering: February-November; fruiting: September-November.

Conservation status: 2RC-: found in Carnarvon Range N.R (Duretto 1999).

32. Boronia odorata Duretto, Austrobaileya 5:294 (1999), ftg. 14 R-X. Type: Bull Creek
Gorge, 15 km W of “Castlevale”, 24°30’S 146°52’E, A.R. Bean '2194, 3.ix.l990
(holotype BRI AQ474979\ isotype NSW).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 5-25 rays; rays
white to red-brown, to 0.05(-0. 1 ) mm long. Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum,
becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petiole 1-8 mm long,
winged; adult leaves simple, juvenile leaves petiolate, trifoliolate for few nodes, leaflets
initially glabrous, the density of the indumentum increasing with each node until as dense
as adult leaves, leaflets similar to simple leaves; lamina, elliptic, obtuse, the margins
plane to recurved (becoming revolute when drying); adaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum; simple, unifoliolate and terminal leaflet
(5_) 12-40 mm long, (2-)4-8 mm wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 10-15 mm
long, 2—4 mm wide. Inflorescence l—3(— 7)- flowered, with a dense, stellate indumentum;
peduncle 1-2 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1-4 mm long, 0.5-2 mm wide,
with a dense, stellate indumentum or indumentum as with leaves; metaxyphylls minute;
anthopodium 1—7 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute to slightly acuminate, 2—4.5 mm
long, 1-2.5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface densely
and minutely pubescent and becoming glabrous towards base. Petals (4— )6— 10 mm long,
4—6 mm wide, enlarging to 8—11 mm long and 5—7 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a moderately dense simple pubescence; abaxial surface with a moderately
dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose; antesepalous filaments 2—2.5 mm
long, the distal c. 1 mm prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1 .5
mm long; antepetalous anther ± larger than antesepalous anther before dehiscence,
abaxial surface frosty; anther-apiculum large and reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci
(4_)5.5_7 mm long, (2-)3-3.5 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. Seeds 3.5-5 mm
long, 2.5-3 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 40 collections): QUEENSLAND: Sandstone spurs of
Expedition Range, ? F. Mueller, 9.ii.l847 (MEL); Near ‘Glenlee’, 27 miles WNW of Springsure
Township, L Pedley 1751, 13.x. 1 964 (BRI, CANB); 1.5 miles S of Ball Ck and Robinson Ck
junction, Glenhaughton holding, R.C. Clarkson, 20.x. 1974 (BRI); 26 km WSW of Bauhinia Downs
on the Dawson Hwy towards Rolleston, 24°39’S 149°02’E, M.F. Duretto 288-292, M. Bayly and N.
Marsh, 8.ix.l992 (MFD288: BRI, MEL, NSW; MFD289: AD, BRI, MEL; MFD290, 291: BRI,
MEL; MFD292: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); Watershed 23 miles ESE of Rolle.ston Township,
24°35’S 148°56’E, Lazarides and Storey 112, 30.viii.l961 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW); W of
Moura, W.H. Jones 1814, 10.iv.l96I (BRI); 6 miles W of ‘Mt Playfair Station’, Warrego District,
24°52’S 146°51’E, Adams 1356, 10.x. 1964 (AD, BRI, CANB); Glenmore Gap, 13 km WSW of
Theodore, 24°58’S 149°57’E, Mora Map 8848-969354, P/. Forster2637, 13.ix.l986(BRl,CANB,
MEL); 10 km S of Isla Gorge lookout, 37 km S by road from Theodore, 25°05’S 150°00’E, L.A.S.
Johnson 7203 and B. G. Briggs, 3.vi.l971 (BRI, NSW); Isla Gorge, c. 18 miles SW of Thetxlore,

Boronia sect. Valvatae

77

25 09 S I49°57 E, S.L. Everist 8033, 28.ix.1968 (AD, BRl, CANB, NSW); E of car park and
camping area, Isla Gorge NP, 25°I2’S 149°59’E, M.F. Duretto 280-285, 7.ix.l992 (MFD280, 281:
BRI, MEL; MFD282: BRl, CANB, MEL; MFD283: MEL; MFD284, 285: BRI, MEL, NSW);
Claravale, c. 37 miles N of Mitchell on stony ridge [26°09’S 148°08’E], R.W. Johnson 2434,
30.V.1962 (BRI, CANB); SW boundary of Chesterfield NP 26°13’S 147°20’E, C. Dollery 84,
29.vii.1995 (BRI); Mt Mobil Holding, 15-20 km W of Umberill Homestead, 26°14’S 147°25’E, P.
Grimshaw CHR20, 8.xi.l990 (BRI); SE of Surat, Thomby Range, S.T. Blake 21293, 21 v 1960
(BRI, CANB, NSW, PERTH).

Notes: The Isla Gorge and Thomby Range populations of B. odorata differ from the
typical populations to the north-west by the moderately dense indumentum on the adaxial
surface of the leaves, as apposed to glabrescent to sparsely pubescent, and the acuminate
sepals, instead of acute sepals (cf. Duretto 1999). This species can be distinguished from
B. duiganiae by having simple adult leaves and shorter hairs (to 0. 1 mm long) on the
abaxial surface of the leaves and sepals, and from B. lanceolata by the larger flowers and
hirsute stamens.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia odorata is restricted to the Central Highlands of
Queensland in an area approximately bound by Springsure, Theodore, Surat, Mitchell
and Tambo (Fig. 11). It grows in open woodland on sandstone. Flowering: February-
October; fruiting: April-November.

Conservation status: Widespread and found in various reserves.

33. Boronia lanceolata F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 66 (1859). Type: M’Adam Ranges
[Macadam Ra., c. 14°32’S 129°57’E, Northern Territory], F. Muell., Oct 1855
(lectotype (Duretto 1997): K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041204-, photographs of
cibachrome BRI, DNA, NSW; photograph AD 9954811 3)-, isolectotype MEL
2049245); Arnhem Land [Northern Territory], F Muell., 1855 (residual syntypes K
n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041203), MEL); Pt Efingstone [= Port Essington, 1 1°15’S
132°10’S, Northern Territory], F. Mueller (possible residual syntype MEL 2041255).

Illustration: K. Brennan, Wildflowers of Kakadu, 34 (1986).

Erect, rarely pendulous, much branched shrub to 2.5(-4) m high. Multiangular stellate
hairs with c. 10-25 rays; rays white to faintly yellow, to 0.1 mm long. Branches with a
with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves simple, 8-90 mm long, 3-27 mm wide, rarely in whorls of three; petiole 3-16 mm
long; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ± slightly mucronate, cuneate
to obtuse, the margins plane to slightly recurved; juvenile leaves simple, initially
glabrescent with multiangular stellate hairs, the density of the indumentum increasing
with each node until leaves as adult leaves with both multiangular and peltate stellate
hairs; adaxial surface of adult leaves glabrous or glabrescent with hairs on the midrib only
or with a dense, stellate indumentum of minute stellate hairs. Inflorescence 3-7(-15)-
flowered, with a dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-9 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, 0.5-6 mm long, to 4 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm
long; anthopodium 0.5-5 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acuminate, 1-3 mm long, 1-2
mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous to
glabrescent with few stellate hairs near tip. Petals 2-5.5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide,
enlarging to 2.5—7 mm long and 2—4 wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse
to moderately dense simple or stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments
glabrous or rarely bearing few stiff simple hairs; antesepalous filaments 2-2.5 mm long
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly to strongly

78

M.F. Duretto

glandular distally, 1-1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum
absent or rarely minute. Style glabrous. Cocci 3-^ mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, glabrous
with occasional stellate hair along suture. Seeds shiny but sometimes becoming dull, 2-3
mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; tubercle surface smooth to wrinkled.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 200 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY;

VICTORIA RIVER DISTRICT: Vicinity of Woolaning Homestead, 13°06’S 130°40’E, L.A.
Craven and C. Dunlop 6686 (CANB, DNA); 6 km SE of Macadam Range, 14°35’22”S
129°59’49”E, /. Cowie 4938 and D.E. Albrecht, 12.V.1994 (DNA, MEL); DARWIN and GULF
COUNTRY: E end of Melville Is., 1.5 km N of Soldier Point, 1 1°28’S 131°32’E, P.A. Fryxell, L.A.
Craven and J. McD.Stewart 4916, 25.vi.1985 (CANB, DNA, MEL); Channel Is., Darwin Harbour,
N. Byrnes 2376, 3.ii.l972 (CANB, DNA); Buffalo R. Crossing, Cobourg Peninsular, 11°22’S
132°30’E, D. Silverton 860, 4.vi.l983 (DNA); c. 25 km SE of Murganella along the track to
Oenpelli, 11°37’S 133°5’E, J.Z. Weber 10087, 5.vi.l988 (AD, MEL); Wilgran Is., English
Company Is’s, 11°45’S 136°37’E, G.J. Leach 3072, 24.vii.1992 (CANB); 6.5 km SSW of Mt
Brockman, 1 2°48’S 1 32°56’E, I.R. Telford 8041 and J. W. Wrigley, 23.iv. 1980 (CANB, NSW); Deaf
Adder Gorge, 13°07’S 132°56’E, \.R. Telford 7999 and J.W. Wrigley, 22.iv.1980 (CANB, DNA,
NSW); Top of UDP falls. Waterfall Ck, Kakadu NP, 1 3°25.84’S 132°25.03’E, M.F. Duretto 476 and
J. Chappill, 18. vi. 1993 (MEL); Ikoymarrawa Lookout, c. 9 km W of Mary R. crossing on Jabiru
Rd, Kakadu NP, 13°34.61 S 132°15.34’E, M.F. Duretto 533-537, J. Chappill and G. Howell,
29.vi.1993 (MFD533-535, 537 : MEL; MFD536: DNA, MEL); On Loop Track, near first
swimming hole, Edith Falls, Nitmiluk NP, 14°10.89’S 132°1L59’E, M.F. Duretto 532 and J.
Chappill, 29.vi.1993 (BRl, DNA, MEL); Angurugu, Groote Eylandt, 13°58’S 136°27’E, J. Waddy
464, 17.xi.l975 (DNA); Collara Mtns, E of Ngukurr, 14°40’S 134°57’E, 7. Russell-Smith 4275 and
Lucas, 29. xi. 1987 (DNA); Maria Is., Gulf of Carpentaria, 14°54’S 135°44’E, C. Dunlop 2903,
20.vii.l972 (CANB, DNA); Yiyintyi Range, Lorella Station, I5°25’S 135°40’E, RL. Wilson 22,
14.vi.l986 (DNA); Near Echo Waterhole, c. 34 km W of Wollogorang Station, 35 km SW of
Homestead, 17°10’S 137°40’E, R. Pullen 9225, 12.V.1974 (CANB, DNA, NSW);
QUEENSLAND; BURKE DISTRICT: Appel Channel, Momington Is., Wellesly Is’s, Gulf of
Carpentaria, 16°29’S 139°34’E, N.B. Tindale and P. Aiken, vi.l963 (AD); Hells Gate, 17°27’S
138°22’E, S. Jacobs 1525, 9.V.1974 (BRl, CANB, NSW, PERTH).

Notes: Boronia lanceolata is the most common Boronia in the Northern Territory and
north-western Queensland. It is variable in leaf shape, size and indumentum (see Duretto
1997). A notable variant includes small-flowered, pendulous plants from Deaf Adder
Gorge (e.g. Telford 7999). Further collections and research are needed to ascertain the
taxonomic status of this population.

Boronia lanceolata differs from B. duiganiae and B. odorata by homoblastic simple
leaves (juvenile and mature), small flowers and glabrous to glabrescent staminal
filaments.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia lanceolata occurs from Momington Island and
Westmoreland, Queensland, to the Macadam Ranges, Northern Territory, including near
coastal islands (Fig. II). It is found in sandstone monsoon forest, woodland and heath
communities. Flowering and fruiting: May-February.

Conservation status: Widespread, found in some conservation reserves, and not under
immediate threat (Duretto 1997).

Boronia rosmarinifolia species-group

Branches with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as
they age. Leaves sessile, simple, adaxial surface glabrous or with few hairs on the midrib,
margin plane to revolute, midvein raised slightly on the abaxial surface and impressed
slightly on the adaxial surface, cells between the midvein and the abaxial epidermis

Boronia sect. Valvatae

79

Fig. 12. Distribution of Boronia rosmarinifolia species-group: B. rosmarinifolia (■), B.
splendida (•), B. palasepala (O), B. forsteri (□), B. glabra (☆).

without secondary thickening. Inflorescence 1 (-3)-flowered, with a dense, stellate
indumentum. Disc entirely within stamen whorl. Sepals ovate-deltate, abaxial surface
with a dense, fawn indumentum. Disc glabrous, entirely within stamen whorl.

This informal group is characterised by sessile, simple leaves without secondary
thickening in the cells of the abaxial midrib, and includes five species of southern
Queensland and New South Wales (Fig. 12). This species group, apart from B. glabra,
was subject to a phenetic analysis to determine the taxonomic limits of its members
(Duretto 1999). Further collections are needed in inland areas to test the robustness of this
classification, especially in the areas between the main populations of B. splendida and
B. palasepala.

34. Boronia rosmarinifolia A. Cunn. ex Endl., Enum. pi: 16 (1837). B. ledifolia var.
rosmarinifolia (A. Cunn. ex Endl.) Benth., FI. austral. 1: 314 (1863). Type Citation:
“Peel’s Island, Moreton Bay. (A. Cunningh. 1824)” (holotype W? n.v.). Description
decisive.

Illustrations: B.A. Lebler, Queensland Agric. J. 98: 196 (1972); K.A.W. Williams,
Native Plants Queensland 1 : 37 (1979); L. Cronin, Consise Australian FL, 80 (1989);
P.H. Weston and M. Porteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 232 (1991); M.F. Duretto
Austrobaileyaes: 276 (1999).

80

M.F. Duretto

Erect or weakly ascending, much branched shrub to 1 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk.
Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 5-10 rays; rays white to yellow, to 0.05(-0. 1 ) mm long.
Leaves 6-30 mm long, 1-4.5 mm wide, rarely in whorls of three, elliptic to obovate,
obtuse, the margins recurved or plane; juvenile leaves larger than adult leaves, to 48 mm
long and 10 mm wide, initially glabrescent with multiangular stellate hairs then the
density of the indumentum increasing with each node until as adult leaves. Inflorescence
l(-3)-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle absent
or to 0.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1.5-2 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide;
metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 1-6 mm long. Sepals ovate-deltate,
acute, 2-A mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide, enlarging slightly as fruit matures. Petals 5-7.5
mm long, 3-4 mm wide, enlarging to 8-10 mm long and 6 mm wide as fruit matures;
adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense simple pubescence; abaxial surface
with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm
long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate,
c. 1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther frosty; anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Style
glabrous. Cocci 4-5.5 mm long, 2.5-3. 5 mm wide, glabrous (rarely densely hirsute).
Seeds 4—4.5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide. Rosemary Boronia, Forest Boronia or Possum
Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 50 collections): QUEENSLAND; BURNETT DISTRICT:
Curtis Rd, Kingaroy, 26°31’S I51°52’E, A.R. Bean 10650, 9.ix.l996 (MEL); WIDE BAY
DISTRICT: Elliot R., near Bundaberg, /. Olsen 330, 16.V.1967 (NSW); Fraser Is., between Lake
Birrabeen and Lake Boemingen, 25°32’S 153°04’E, D.A. Smith 7, 15.viii.1971 (MEL); Rainbow
Beach Rd towards Rainbow Beach, c. 300 m inside Cooloola NP opposite sandstone hill, 26°01 ’S
153°00’E, M.F. Duretto 258-260, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 3.ix.l992 (MFD258: BRI, MEL, NSW;
MFD259, 260: MEL); MORETON DISTRICT: 4 km S of Sunshine Beach turnoff along coast Rd
S of Noosa Heads, 100m along track heading W opposite car park, 26°28’S 153°06’E, M.F. Duretto
253-257, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 3.ix.l992 (MFD253, 255: MEL; MFD254, 257: BRI, MEL;
MFD256: BRI, MEL, NSW); Moreton Is., F. Mueller, viii.1855 (MEL, TCD); Brisbane R., A.
Dietrich, 1863-1865 (AD); Collingwood Park near Ipswich, 27°37’S 152°52’E, LH. Bird,
7.vii.l990 (BRI, CANB, MEL); North Stradbroke Is., c. 27°28’S I53°30’E, V.K. Moriarty 415,
20.viii.l970 (CANB); Mt Tamborine, E. Cheel, 31.V.1930 (NSW); NEW SOUTH WALES:
NORTH COAST: Fortis Ck, 24 km N of Grafton on the road to Coaldale, D.B. Foreman No. 907,
23.viii.1985 (CANB, MEL); 9 km from Grafton-Coaldale Rd on Stockyard Ck Rd, 29°27’S
152°49’E, K. Hill 2757, L.A.S. Johnson and P. Weston, 19.x. 1987 (NSW).

Notes: Normally B. rosmarinifolia has glabrous fruit, but very rarely a plant may have
densely hirsute fruit as in B. forsteri and B. glabra. This feature is not considered to be
of any significant taxonomic importance (see Duretto 1999). Boronia rosmarinifolia is
most closely related to B. splendida and B. palasepala from which it can be distinguished
by its smaller flowers and leaves. It can be distinguished from B. forsteri by its larger
flowers and leaves, reflexed anther-apicula and usually glabrous fruits, and from B.
glabra by having glabrous fruits and leaves with a dense indumentum on the abaxial
surface, and from B. chartacea (North Coa.st, NSW) by its sessile leaves.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia rosmarinifolia is found from Bundaberg, Wide Bay
District, Queensland, to Grafton, North Coast, New South Wales (Fig. 12), where it can
be common in coastal heath (wallum) and woodland communities on well drained .sand
or sandstone-derived soils. Flowering and fruiting: May-December.

Conservation status: Common, widespread and found in several conservation reserves
and under no immediate threat.

35. Boronia splendida Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 278 (1999), fig. 9 G-L. Type: Falls Ck,
4 km NW of Haldon, Helidon 9342-084285, 27°45’S 152°04’E, P.L Forster 4762

Boronia sect. Valvatae

81

and LH. Bird, 2.x. 1988 (holotype MEL 1 57527 1 \ isotypes AD 99120272, BISH n.v.,
BRI AQ429500, CANB {CBG 8908090), Kn.v., MO n.v.).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2.5 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular
stellate hairs with c. 5-10 rays; rays white to yellow, to 0.05(-0.1) mm long. Leaves 9-50
mm long, l-2(^) mm wide, linear to narrowly elliptic, obtuse, attenuate, the margins
strongly revolute so that the abaxial surface of the leaf is usually not visible. Inflorescence
l(-3)-flowered, with a dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle to 0.5 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, 0.5-3 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide, with a dense, stellate
indumentum, or as leaves; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 2-6 mm
long. Sepals ovate-deltate, acute, 2.5-4(-6) mm long, 2.5^ mm wide. Petals (6-)8-13
mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, enlarging to 12-14 mm long and 6-7 mm wide as fruit
matures; adaxial surface with a moderately dense simple pubescence; abaxial surface
with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate,
c. 1 mm long; anther-apiculum large, reflexed. Style hirsute or glabrous. Cocci 5-6 mm
long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds c, 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 14 collections): QUEENSLAND: BURNETT DISTRICT:
Mundubbera, 9146-374346, 1.5 km W of ‘Mimosa’ Homestead, 25°54’S 151°23’E, P.I. Forster
2243, 28.ix.1985 (BRI); 8 km W of ‘Manar’ Homestead, Boondooma, 26°01’S 151°18’E, P.I.
Forster 4647, 4.viii.l988 (BRI, CANB); Beeron Holding, 5 km W of Toondahra Homestead,
25°58’S 151°20’E, PL Forster 11202 and PR. Sharpe, 9.ix.l992 (BRI, MEL); Beeron Holding,
25°59’S 151°20’E, P.I. Forster 19603 & T. Ryan, I l.ix.l996 (BRI n.v., MEL); Stalworth Rd, north
of Proston, 26°07’S 151°36’E, A.R.Bean 10670, 10.ix.l996 (MEL); DARLING DOWNS
DISTRICT: Lang tree Paddock, Toondahra, boundary fence with ‘Blackdown’ homestead, 26°5-’S
151 °2-’E, P.I. Forster 1740, 17.iii. 1984 (CANB); 4.8 km E of Tarra turn off, and 5.3 km E of Kogan
on Condamine Hwy, near dog fence, c. 27°02’S 150°46’E, M.F Duretto 337-344, M. Bayly and N.
Marsh, 13.ix.l992 (MFD337: AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD338: BRI, CANB,
MEL; MFD339, 342-344: MEL; MFD340: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW; MFD341: BRI, MEL,
NSW); East Egypt, 25 km SW of Grafton, 27°40’S 152°07’E, LH. Bird, 1 1.x. 1991 (BRI, CANB).

Notes: Boronia splendida can be distinguished from B. forsteri, B. palasepala, and B.
rosmarinifolia by its tall stature, and the revolute, long and narrow leaves, and large
flowers.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia splendida occurs in the Condamine-Kogan area, and
north to ‘Mimosa’ homestead c. 50 km S of Mundubbera, Queensland (Fig. 12), where it
is found on sandstone derived soils in eucalypt and acacia woodland. Flowering: March-
November; fruiting: November.

Conservation status: 2R (Duretto 1999).

36. Boronia palasepala Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 280 (1999), fig. 9 M-R. Type:
Coominglah State Forest 28, Burnett District, Qld, c. 24°51.5’S 150°56’E, Grid Ref
9048-916493, M.F. Duretto 277, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 6.ix.l992 (holotype MEL
20366I0-, isotypes AD, BRI, CANB, HO, K, MEL 203661 1, MEL 2036612 NSW
PERTH).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall and wide, resprouting from rootstalk.
Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 5-10 rays; rays white to yellow or red, to 0.25(-0.5)
mm long. Leaves 14-42 mm long, 2—6 mm wide, elliptic to obovate, obtuse, attenuate;
the margins plane to recurved (revolute on drying). Inflorescence l(-3)-tlowered, with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle to 0.5 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, 1-3 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, with a dense, stellate indumentum.

82

M.F. Duretto

or as leaves; metaxyphylls minute 0.5-1. 5 mm long; anthopodium l-3(-5 in Biloela
specimens) mm long. Sepals broadly ovate-deltate, acuminate, (3-)4-6 mm long,
(2-)3^ mm wide. Petals 8-10.5 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide; adaxial surface with a
moderately dense simple pubescence; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal
0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum absent or
minute. Style glabrous. Fruit and seed not seen.

Additional specimens examined (of 6 collections): QUEENSLAND; BURNETT DISTRICT: 15
km NE of Biloela, 3 km N of Callide dam, E.J. Thompson BILIO, 3.vii.l992 (AD, PERTH);
Coominglah State Forest 28, 24°55’S 150°59’E, P.I. Forster 6906 (BRl, CANB, MEL, NSW).

Notes: Boronia palasepala can be distinguished from ' other members of the B.
rosmarinifolia species complex by its large flowers, usually wide and recurved leaves
(becoming revolute on drying), usually spade-shaped sepals, and the absent or minute
anther-apiculum.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia palasepala occurs near Biloela and in Coominglah
State Forest (SF28, near Monto), Queensland (Fig. 12). It is found growing on sandstone
in eucalypt open forest or woodland, often locally abundant. Flowering: July-September.

Conservation status: 2R (Duretto 1999).

37. Boronia forsteri Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 280 (1999), fig. 9 S-X. Type: 1 km past
Glenhaugton Homestead on Mapaia Rd, SF46, Leichhardt District, 25°21’S
149°19’E, P.I. Forster 1 1235 and P.R. Sharpe, 10.ix.l992 (holotype MEL; isotypes
BRI AQ561403, CANB, NSW).

Boronia sp. (Robinson Gorge P.I. Forster+ PIFI 1235) sensu Forster (1997, p. 185).

Erect, much branched shrub to l(-2) m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 5-10 rays;
rays white to yellow, to 0. 1 mm long. Leaves 6-25 mm (to 35 mm long in juvenile leaves)
long, 0.5-5 mm wide, elliptic to obovate, obtuse, attenuate, the margins plane or slightly
recurved; juvenile leaves glabrous or with a sparse indumentum on the abaxial surface.
Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum;
peduncle to 0.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1.5-2. 5 mm long, to 0.5 mm
wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 1.5-3 mm long. Sepals ovate-
deltate, acute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, enlarging to 3 mm long as fruit matures.
Petals 4-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, enlarging to 7-8 mm long and 5 mm wide as fruit
matures; adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent; abaxial surface with a moderately
dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long, prominently
glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antejjetalous filaments tuberculate, c. 1 mm long; anther-
apiculum large and erect. Style glabrous. Cocci 5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, with a
moderately dense to dense simple indumentum. Seeds 4.5-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 14 collections): QUEENSLAND; LEICHHARDT DISTRICT:
Marlong Arch-Thombs area, 25°05’S I47°52’E, J. Benyon, 13. ix. 1978 (CANB); Gwambagwine,
Ruined Castle Ck catchment, 25°13’08”S 149°27’02”E, P.I. Forster 17836, S.J. Figg and F. Carter,
20. ix. 1995 (BRI n.v., MEL); 5 km past Glenhaugton Homestead on Mapaia Rd, SF46, 25°21’S
149°09’E, PI. Forster 9753 and P. Manchin, I0.iv.l992 (BRI n.v., MEL); 500 m N of Robinson
Gorge, c. 25 km NW of ‘Glenhaughton’ Homestead, 25°1 US 149°12’E, I.R. Telford 5635 (CANB);
Starckvale Ck, Expedition NP, 25°18’34”S 149°10’53”E, PI. Forster 17714 and S.J. Figgs,
16. ix. 1995 (BRI n.v, MEL); II km past Glenhaugton Homestead on Mapaia Rd, 25°I8’S
I49°I7’E, PI. Forster 11453 and PR. Sharpe, 14.ix.l992 (BRI, MEL); 21 miles SE of Badourie,
N.H. Specht 1854, 14.x. 1963 (BRI); 11.8 km N of ‘Yoothapinna’, Injune District, 25°I5’S
I48°20’E, C. Gittens 2745, 4.ix.l974 (BRI, NSW).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

83

Notes: Boronia forsteri is similar to B. rosmarinifolia from which it can be
distinguished by its smaller flowers, erect anther-apicula and hirsute cocci. It may co-
exist with B. glabra from which it can be distinguished by having a dense indumentum
on the abaxial surface of the leaves.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia forsteri occurs in the Chesterton, Carnarvon and
Expedition Ranges, Central Highlands, Queensland (Fig. 12). It is found in dissected
sandstone country in eucalypt open woodland or forest. Flowering and fruiting:
September-October.

Conservation status: 2RC-: occurs in Expedition Range N.R and Carnarvon N.R
(Duretto 1999).

38. Boronia glabra (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, J. Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales 61:
411 (1928). Boronia ledifolia var. g/abra Maiden & Betche, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales 23: 773 (1898). Type Citation: “Harvey Ranges, near Reak Hill, N.S.W.
(J.H. Maiden, September, 1898).” Type: Harvey Ranges near Reak Hill, N.S.W., J.H.
Maiden, ix.l898 (lectotype, here designated, NSW 420276; isolectotype K n.v.,
MEL 268306); Dubbo-Tomingley, J.H. Maiden, ix.l898 (residual syntype NSW;
residual isosyntype MEL 258536).

Boronia sp. B {aff rosmarinifolia ) sensu Jacobs and Rickard (1981, p. 191).

Illustrations: K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants Queensland 1: 33 (1979); G.M.

Cunningham etal, PL W. New South Wales, 444 (1981); L. Cronin, Consise Australian

FL, 80 (1989); R.H. Weston and M.F. Rorteners, FI. New South Wales 2: 233 (1991).

Erect, or weak, much branched shrub to 1.5(-3) m tall, resprouting from rootstalk.
Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 3-15 rays; rays white, to 0.1 mm long. Leaves
(2.5-)5-35 mm long, (0.5-) 1.5-7 mm wide, elliptic, obtuse; the margins plane to
recurved, sometimes revolute, glabrous to stellate glabrescent (rarely with a dense
indumentum of stellate hairs on the adaxial and/or abaxial surface). Inflorescence 1-
flowered, with a moderately dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-2 mm long;
prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 0.5-1. 5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, with a sparse
indumentum; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 1 .5-6 mm long. Sepals
ovate-deltate, acute, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit
matures. Retals 4-7 mm long, 2.5-3. 5 mm wide, enlarging to 7-10 mm long and 3.5^
mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrescent or with a sparse to moderately
dense simple pubescence, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1 .5-2 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate,
1-1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum large, erect or reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci (4-)5-6
mm long, 2-3 mm wide, densely hirsute. Seeds 3.5-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide. Smooth
Boronia, Blotched Boronia or Sandstone Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 100 collections): QUEENSLAND; LEICHHARDT
DISTRICT: Marlong Arch-Thombs area, 25°05’S \47°52’E, J. Benyon 13.ix.l978 (CANB); 16 km
N of Olilgy Corner on the Injune-Consuelo Tableland Rd, J. Armstrong 1012 and D.F. Blaxell,
2.ix.l977 (CANB, NSW); Woleebe Rd, 20 km N of Gurulmindi, 26°17’S 154°54’E, K.A. Williams
77175, 12.vii.l977 (BRl, CANB); BURNETT DISTRICT: 16 miles SSW of Cracow Township, M.
Lazarides 6945, 10.vii.l963 (AD, CANB, MEL); Nathan Gorge, SW of Cracow, Grid Ref. 8947-
853843, 25°25’S 150°10’E, P.I. Forster 7166, 22.viii.1990 (BRI, CANB, MEL); DARLING
DOWNS DISTRICT: Barakula SF, 2 km N of Charlies Ck (near office), 26°26’S 150°31’E, M.F.
Duretto 330-334, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 13.ix.l992 (MFD330: BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW,

84

M.F. Duretto

PERTH; MFD33I: AD, BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD332: BRl, CANB, MEL, NSW;
MFD333, 334: BRI, MEL, NSW); Ridge just S of Coolminda Dam, via Inglewood, Mrs H.G.
Wright, 4.x. 1974 (BRI); NEW SOUTH WALES: NORTHERN TABLELANDS: Nandewar Mtn,
J.W. Vickery and LR. Frase, 7.x. 1964 (NSW); NORTH WEST SLOPES; Near Warialda, 29°32’S
150°35’E, T.M. Whaite 1031, 31.viii.l951 (CANB, MELU, NSW, PERTH); Pilliga Scrub, 50 km
SW of Narrabri, 30°21’S I48°53’E, E.M. Wollaston, 21.vii.l976 (AD); 76 km SSW of Nairabri by
road toward Coonabarrabran, 30°55’S 149°26’E, R. Coveny 9037 and S.K. Roy, 23. xi. 1976
(CANB, MELU, NSW); Trinkey SE, c. 48 km S of Gunnedah, B. Kennedy, viii.1976 (NSW);
Cobar, Lachlan R., Hans Andrae 335, 1887 (MEL); On Pilliga Forest Way, 2.9 km NE of Country
Rd, Pilliga East SF, 30°38.73’S 149°17.84 E, M. Bayly 198 and P. Neish, 26.viii.1993 (MEL);
Pilliga East SF, c. 5 km SW Schwaggers Bore, 30°38’S 149°18’, D.F Mackay 988, 22. ix. 1986 (NE,
NSW); Pilliga Scrub, Forest Way, c. 25 km W of Newell Hwy, 30°38’S I49°24’E, N.G. Walsh
1336, 14.viii.l984 (MEL, CANB, NSW); Pilliga Scrub, c. 80 km NE of Coonamble, R. Jordon,
viii.1953 (AD); CENTRAL WEST SLOPES: Goonoo SF, c. 32 km SW of Mendooran on Franzers
Rd, I km S of Garlings Rdon Compartments 52/53 boundry, 32°00’S 148°55’E, 8634-821568, 7.D.
Briggs 2383, 18.ix.l988 (CANB, MEL); c. 28.4 km from Gooloogong on Kangarooby Rd, 33°50’S
148°55’E, M.A. Clements 3540, 16.x. 1984 (CANB); Yellow Mtn, Condobolin, P.L Mitthorpe 4738
and G.M. Cunningham, 5.x. 1976 (NSW); Barryrenei, 20 km NW of Cowra, E.J. McBarron 20800,
(NSW); Weddin Range, 16 km SW of Grenfell, 33°58’S 148°00’E, R. Coveny 5225, 1 1.x. 1973
(NSW); Goonoo Forest approx 4 miles E of HQ along Mendooran Rd (NNE of Dubbo), J.H. Willis,
9.x. 1969 (MEL, NSW); Burbong near Gilgandra, McReadie, 2.xii.l960 (NSW).

Notes: Specimens of B. glabra with hirsute leaves (e.g. Andrae 335, Walsh 1336, Bayly
198) from the Pilliga Scrub and Goonoo areas (Western Slopes, NSW, = B. sp. B (aff.
rosmarinifolia), Jacobs and Pickard 1981; see also Weston 1990, Weston and Porteners
1991) superficially resemble B. rosmarinifolia but are either aberrant individuals of B.
glabra or a taxon closely related to B. glabra. They occupy a different local habitat to that
of B. glabra (D. Mackay, NE, pers. comm.) and the status of this form is being assessed
by D. Mackay.

Boronia glabra can be distinguished from other east coast species of Boronia by its
sessile, simple and usually glabrous leaves with smooth margins and its hirsute fruit.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia glabra is common and widespread in inland regions
from Eidsvold, Queensland, to Cowra, New South Wales (Fig. 12) and is the most
common boronia on the western slopes of New South Wales and in the Darling Downs,
Burnett and Maranoa Districts of Queensland. It is found in open forest or wocxlland on
sandstone, granite or sand.

Conservation status: Common, widespread, but not known if adequately represented in
conservation reserves. Not under threat but very rarely collected in the southern-most part
of its range (see Cunningham et al. 1981).

Boronia foetida species-group

Branches with a dense, stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves
simple, strongly attenuate, broad elliptic or narrowly elliptic or slightly lanceolate, acute,
± mucronate, adaxial surface glabrous or with few hairs on the midrib, the margins plane
to slightly recurved (sometimes revolute on drying), the midrib raised prominently on the
abaxial surface and impressed on the adaxial surface, cells between midvein and abaxial
epidermis with secondary thickening. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered, with a dense, stellate
indumentum. Sepals acuminate (rarely acute), abaxial surface with a dense, fawn stellate
indumentum. Disc glabrous, entirely within stamen whorl.

An informal group of four rare species of Queensland (Fig. 1 3) characterised by simple
leaves that are large, broad, elliptical, attenuate, adaxial surface glabrous, and the
prominently raised midribs on the abaxial surface, and by the acuminate sepals.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

85

39. Boronia jensziae Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 292 (1999), fig. 1 1 A-F. Type: c. 300 m S
of Banksia Bay turn off along the East Coast Trail between Little Ramsey and Zoe
Bays, Hinchinbrook Is., N Qld, 18°21.73’S 146°18.65’E, M. Duretto 406, 29.V.1993
(holotype MEL 2037448; isotypes AD, BRI, CANB, DNA, K, MEL 2037449,
NSW).

Boronia sp. sensu Williams (1984, p. 58).

Boronia sp. ‘Hinchinbrook Is.’ sensu Thomas and McDonald (1987, p. 49; 1989, p. 46).

Boronia sp.l (Hinchinbrook Island; S.L Everist 7786) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996,
p. 167).

Boronia sp. (Hinchinbrook Is. S.L. Everist 7786) sensu Eorster ( 1 997, p. 185).

Illustration: K.A.W. Williams, Native Plants Queensland 2: 58 (1984, as Boronia sp.).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m tall, resprouting from rootstalk. Multiangular stellate
hairs with 8-15 rays; rays white to yellow, 0.05-0. 1 (-0.25) mm long. Leaves (10-)15^5
mm long, (4— )6-lL5 mm wide; petiole 2-4 mm long; lamina elliptic, acute and ±
mucronate, attenuate, the margins plane to slightly recurved, subsessile to petiolate;
juvenile leaves simple. Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long; prophylls
minutely unifoliolate, 2-2.5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, with a dense, stellate
indumentum, or as leaves; metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm long; anthopodium 2-5 mm long.
Sepals c. 4 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures. Petals
5.5-7 mm long, 3—3.5 mm wide, enlarging to 7.5— 8.5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial

Fig. 13 . Distribution of Boronia foetida species-group: B. jensziae (•), B. excelsa (O), B.
foetida (□), B. bella (■).

86

M.F. Duretto

surface with a sparse simple indumentum and becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial
surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Filaments sparsely to
moderately pilose; antesepalous fdaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the
distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; anther-
apiculum minute to large, reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-4.5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm
wide, glabrous. Seeds 2. 5-3. 5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide. Andy Jensz’s Boronia or
Hinchinbrook Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of 10 collections): QUEENSLAND; COOK DISTRICT;
Hinchinbrook Is., near fresh water creek at the southern end of Missionary Bay, 18°19’S 146°13’E,
A. and M. Thomsbome 535, 17.vi.l979 (BRl); Zoe Bay, Hinchinbrook Is., S.T. Blake 18857,
2I.viii.l95I (BRI, CANB); Mt Diamantina, 18°26’S 146°18’E, R.J. Camming 11273, 27.vii.199I
(BRl); Southern end of Missionary Bay, N end of Hinchinbrook Is.,'18°27’S 146°I2’E, S.L Everist
7786, 27. ii. 1965 (BRI, CANB, MELU, NSW); Mount Bowen, Hinchinbrook Is., 18°41’S
146°16’E, /?./ Camming 11217, 30.vi.l991 (BRI).

Notes: Boronia jensziae can be distinguished from B. excelsa, B. bella and B. foetida
by having a moderately hirsute on the adaxial surface of the petals (the petals of the other
species are glabrous to glabrescent).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia jensziae is endemic to Hinchinbrook Island,
Queensland (Fig. 13) in a variety of habitats, including Syncarpia or Eucalyptus open
forest and montane heath, from sea level to the summit of Mt Bowen (c. 840 m). Unlike
other species in Boronia sect. Valvatae this species can sometimes be found in dense
communities dominated by sedges. Flowering; February-September; fruiting; August-
September.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1999).

40 . Boronia excelsa Duretto, Austrobaileya 5; 284 (1999), fig. 1 1 G-L. Type: State Forest
144 Mt Windsor Tableland, 16°15’52”S 145°02’28”E, Rl. Forster 17248 and S.J.
Figg, 1 l.vii.l995 (holotype BRI; isotypes AD, BRI (2 sheets), CANB, DNA, K, L,
MEL 243038, MEL 249902, MEL 249903, MEL 2025931, MO, NSW, PERTH,
QRS).

Boronia sp. (Mt Windsor Tableland P.I. Forster-k- PIF 15225) sensu Forster (1997, p. 185).

Erect, much branched shrub to 3 m tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 8-12 rays; rays
white to yellow, 0.05-0. 1 (-0.25) mm long. Leaves 14-60 mm long, 2-6 mm wide,
sessile, narrowly elliptic, acute, attenuate, the margins plane to slightly recurved.
Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle 0.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate,
1.5-2. 5 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, with a dense, stellate indumentum, or as leaves;
metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm long; anthopodium 2-4 mm long. Sepals broadly ovate-deltate,
c. 3 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide. Petals 4.5-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide; adaxial surface
glabrous or glabrescent; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Filaments sparsely to moderately pilose; antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate,
c. 1 mm long; anther-apiculum absent. Style glabrous. Cocci c. 4.5 mm long, c. 2 mm
wide, glabrous. Seed 3-3.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide.

Additional specimens examined: QUEENSLAND; CCX)K DISTRICT; Spencers Ck,
downstream about 2 km from Forestry Camp, Mt Windsor Tableland, Whypalla SF, I6°15’S
145°7’E, P. Hind 56791 and G. DAubert, 31.viii.l988 (NSW); State Forest 144, Mt Wind.sor
Tableland, 16°15’52”S 145°02’28”E, P.I. Forster 17253 and S.J. Figg, Il.vii.l995 (BRI, MEL);
SFR144 (Ml Windsor Tablelands), 16°15’S 145°00’E, B. Hyland 4784, I9.vi. 1969 (BRl, QRS).

Notes: Boronia excelsa differs from B. jensziae, B. foetida and B. bella by its narrower
(to 6 mm wide), sessile leaves, and smaller flowers.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

87

Distribution and ecology: Boronia excelsa is restricted to the Mount Windsor
Tableland, north-eastern Queensland (Fig. 13), where it is found growing on granite in
wet sclerophyll and Syncarpia forests, and along rainforest edges above KXK) m.
Conservation status: 2R (Duretto 1999).

41. Boronia foetida Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 285 (1999), fig. 1 1 M-R. Type: Mt Walsh,

7 km south of Biggenden, Grid Ref. 9347-046709, 25°34’S 152°03’E, P.I. Forster
7483, 28. ix. 1990 (holotype MEL 1 597019; isotypes AD 99135181, BRI AQ474340,
CANB 406384, K n.v., NSW, PERTH n.v.).

Boronia sp. (Mt Walsh P.I. Forster+ PI F 17253) sensu Forster (1997, p. 185).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 8—20 rays, rays
white to yellow, 0.05-0. 1 (-0.25) mm long. Leaves 20-52 mm long, 7-14 mm wide;
petiole 2-7 mm long; lamina elliptic to slightly lanceolate, acute, attenuate. Inflorescence
l(-3)-flowered; peduncle 2-2.5 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1-6 mm long,
0.5-2 mm wide, with a dense, stellate indumentum, or as leaves; metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm
long; anthopodium 7—13 mm long. Sepals 2—3.5 mm long, 1.5— 2.5 mm wide, enlarging
to 4 mm long and 3 mm wide as fruit matures. Petals c. 7 mm long, c. 4 mm wide,
enlarging to 8 mm long as fruit matures. Filaments sparsely to moderately pilose;
antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5—1 mm,
antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, c. 1.5 mm long; anther-apiculum large,
reflexed. Style glabrous. Cocci 4-5 mm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds c. 4 mm
long, c. 2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of five collections): QUEENSLAND; BURNETT DISTRICT.
Gully just below saddle between Mt Walsh and The Bluff, Mt Walsh NP, 25°34 S 152°03 E, M.F.
Duretto 261-265, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 4.ix.l992 (MFD26I: MEL; MFD262: MEL, NSW;
MFD263: BRI, MEL; MFD264: HO, MEL; MFD265: CANB, MEL).

Notes: Boronia foetida was referred to as the Mt Walsh form of B. rosmarinifolia by
Stanley and Ross (1983). It is closely related to B. bella from which it can be
distinguished by the smaller flowers, smaller hairs, and glabrous styles.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia foetida is restricted to Mount Walsh N.P., south of
Biggenden, Queensland (Fig. 13), where found in a variety of habitats ranging from
montane heath to densely forested gullies. Flowering and fruiting: May-September.
Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1999).

42. Boronia bella Duretto, Austrobaileya 5: 287 (1999), fig. 1 1 S-X. Type: Upper Oaky
Ck, Many Peaks Range, Qld, c. 24°11.5’S 151°17.5’E, 9149-263238, M. Duretto
269, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 5.ix.l992 (holotype MEL 2036441; isotypes AD, BRI,
CANB (CBG 9604106), DNA, K, MEL 2036442, NSW, PERTH).

Boronia sp. Telford CBG 7702560 sensu Batianoff and Dillewaard (1988, p. 1 14).

Boronia sp. (Many Peaks Range I.R. Telford CBG 7702560) sensu Forster (1997, p. 185).

Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 10-20 rays; rays
white to yellow, (0.1-)0.25-0.5 mm long. Leaves 18-35 mm long, 3.5-10 mm wide;
petiole 2-4 mm long; lamina elliptic, acute, attenuate. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered;
peduncle 0.5-2 mm long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 2-5.5 mm long, 0.5-2.5 mm
wide, with a dense, stellate indumentum, or as leaves; metaxyphylls 0.5-2.5 mm long;
anthopodium 2-7 mm long. Sepals 4. 5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide. Petals 7-8 mm

88

M.F. Duretto

long, 4-5.5 mm wide, enlarging to 12 mm long as fruit matures. Filaments densely pilose;
antesepalous filaments c. 2.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm;
antepetalous filaments slightly tuberculate, c. 2 mm long; anther-apiculum large, erect or
reflexed. Style hirsute. Cocci 4.5-6 mm long, 2.5-3. 5 mm wide, glabrous or with few
hairs along suture. Seeds 4-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Additional specimens examined: QUEENSLAND: BURNETT DISTRICT: Mt Castletower NP,
eastern slopes of Many Peaks Range, 24°07’41”S 151°18’25”E, P.I. Forster 16338, 20.ii.I995 (BRI
n.v., MEL); Many Peaks Range, Mt Castletower, 24°10’S 151°17’E, I.R. Telford 5479 (BRI,
CANB); Upper Oaky Ck, Many Peaks Range, c. 24°11.5’S 151°17.5’E, Calliope 9149-263238,
M.F. Duretto 270-273, M. Bayly and N. Marsh, 5.ix. 1992 {MFD270: BRI, CANB, MEL; MFD271:
BRI, CANB, DNA, K, MEL, NSW; MFD272: BRI, MEL, NSW; MFD273: BRI, CANB, HO,
MEL, NSW, PERTH); State Forest 521, Many Peaks Range, 24°12'42”S 151°20’31”E, P.I. Forster
16255, 17. ii. 1995 (BRI n.v., MEL); Many Peaks Range, /. Olsen 348 (NSW).

Notes: Boronia bella is closely related to B. foetida from which it differs by larger
flowers and hairs, and hirsute styles.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia bella is restricted to the Many Peaks Range near
Gladstone, Queensland (Fig. 13), where it is found in eucalypt forest and woodland on
granitic soils. Flowering: May-September; fruiting: September.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1999).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. 4. Grandisepalae Duretto, subsect. nov. Sepala petalis
longioribus vel subaequilibus. Antherae antipetalae antheris antisepalis largioribus.
Sp. typica: B. grandisepala F. Muell.

Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, or stalked (series Grandisepalae)-, rays unfused,
smooth, shiny and straight or rarely not smooth, flexuous and dull (subser. Verecundae),
not appressed; simple hairs, when present on vegetative structures, 0.5-2 mm long.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

89

antrorse. Branches terete to quadrangular, not obviously glandular (except B. jucunda),
decurrent leaf bases absent (except B. pauciflora), hairs uniformally distributed (except
B. pauciflora, B. filicifolia). Leaves simple or imparipinnate; rachis segments triangular,
rarely elliptical; lamina dorsiventral or isobilateral, epicuticular wax platelets absent or
present (ser. Quadrilatae); the midrib usually prominently raised on the abaxial surface
and impressed on the adaxial surface, with tightly packed tissue between midvein and
abaxial epidermis. Inflorescence 1(— 3)-fllowered. Sepals as large or larger than petals,
similar to petals in colour and texture; adaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense
minute indumentum. Petals without a raised midrib or the midrib slightly raised at the
base of the abaxial surface, abaxial surface with an indumentum of firm, straight and
glossy stellate hairs (except ser. Quadrilatae, B. verecunda). Filaments clavate, suddenly
narrowing at apex so as to appear truncated before connecting to anther, pilose on the
abaxial surface and the margins below the glandular tip; antepetalous filaments glandular
at the distal end or not; anthers attached to the apex of the filament, antepetalous anthers
much larger than antesepalous anthers; anther-apiculum absent or present. Disc entirely
within stamen whorl, glabrous. Seeds (except B. viridiflora) elliptical with adaxial side
flattened and with a prominent ridge, shiny, black, at magnification tuberculate; tubercles
smooth, fused or unfused.

Fig. 15. Distribution of Boronia series Quadrilatae: B. quadrilata (A), B. viridiflora (A);
Boronia subseries Verecundae: B. verecunda (★), B. xanthastrum (☆); Boronia subseries
Grandisepalae: B. suberosa (□); approximate locality for where Mueller crossed the
Macadam Range and collected the lectotype of B. grandisepala (0), western Northern
Territory collections of B. grandisepala subsp. grandisepala (♦). See Fig. 16 for detail of
western Arnhem Land. Adapted from Duretto and Ladiges (1997), fig. 1.

90

M.F. Duretto

A subsection of at least 16 species divided into three series and five subseries that are
found in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, the ‘Top End’ of the Northern
Territory and north-western Queensland (Figs 14-18). It is characterised by the large
sepals relative to the petals, antepetalous anthers that are much larger than the
antesepalous anthers, and the clavate filaments.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. 4 Grandisepalae ser. 1 . Quadrilatae Duretto, sen nov.
Planta glabra praeter petala et paginas adaxiales sepalorum. Rami purpurati,
quadrangulati manifeste. Folia glauca. Sp. typica: B. quadrilata Duretto

Erect or horizontal (from cliff faces) shrubs, glabrous except for flowers. Stellate hairs
sessile, with c. 3—25 rays; rays smooth, 20—50 pm long. Branches distinctly quadrangular
in cross-section, purple, decurrent leaf bases present. Leaves simple, slightly
discolourous, paler beneath, slightly fleshy, plane, isobilateral, glaucous with a dense
layer of epicuticular wax platelets, wax platelets 0.1 -0.5 pm across; the midrib impressed
slightly on the adaxial surface and slightly raised on the abaxial surface, cells between
midvein and abaxial epidermis with or without secondary thickening. Prophylls
unifoliolate. Sepals as large or larger than petals, acute to acuminate, abaxial surface
glabrous, glaucous. Petal adaxial surface with a sparse indumentum. Antepetalous
filaments glandular at the distal end or not; anther-apiculum absent. Style glabrous.

A series of two species found in the north-western portion of the Arnhem Land plateau.
Northern Territory (Fig. 1 5). It is characterised by being glabrous (except for the flowers),
having purple and quadrangular stems, and leaves that are glaucous, simple and
isobilateral.

43. Boronia quadrilata Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 297 (1997), fig. 26. Type: N.T.,
Upper Magela Ck, 6 km N of Magela Falls, 12°45’S 133°08’E, K. Brennan 1567,
10.X.1991 (holotype DNA 60356 (photographs BRI, HO, MEL 2041201, NSW);
isotypes CANB, MEL 242492, PERTH).

Boronia D60356 Magela sensu Leach et al. (1992, p. 35); Dunlop et al. (1995, p. 100).

Boronia sp.7 (Magela Creek; K. Brennan 1567) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p. 167).

Erect shrub to 1.5 m. Multiangular stellate hairs present on petals only, with 4-25 rays
per hair; rays 20-50 pm long. Leaves 23-55 mm long, 1 2-20 mm wide, sessile, glandular,
elliptical, acute, aristate and slightly decurrent, epidermal wax platelets 0. 1-0.5 pm
across; the midrib raised on the abaxial surface, region between midvein and epidermis
consisting of tightly packed cells with secondary thickening. Peduncle 2-2.5 mm long;
prophylls 6-13 mm long, 3-7 mm wide; metaxyphylls 0.75 mm long; anthopodium 0.5-2
mm long. Sepals debate, c. 6 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, enlarging to 9-10 mm long and
4. 5-5. 5 mm wide as fruit matures, longer and wider than petals; adaxial surface with a
mcxlerately dense stellate indumentum; abaxial surface glabrous and slightly glaucous.
Petals c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, enlarging to 5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a sparse stellate indumentum; abaxial surface with a moderately dense
stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the distal 0.4 mm
prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments smooth to slightly glandular, c. 1 mm long;
abaxial surface of anther slightly frosty, anther-apiculum absent, glabrous. Cocci c. 6 mm
long, c. 3.5 mm wide, glabrous. Seed not seen.

Specimen seen: Known from the type material only.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

91

Notes: Boronia quadrilata differs from B. viridiflora by being erect, and by elliptical
leaves with acute tips and cuneate bases and larger flowers and fruit.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia quadrilata is known only from the catchment area
of Magela Creek in the central area of the Arnhem Land plateau, Northern Territory (Fig.
15). At present this species is known from a single population of 10-15 plants on one
ridge top next to Allosyncarpia S.T. Blake forest (K. Brennan, pers. comm.) Flowering
and fruiting: October (1 collection).

Conservation Status: This species was given a ROTAP code of 2R by Duretto and
Ladiges (1997), but after discussions with K. Brennan (1997) indicated that the
population was at risk from fire a ROTAP code of 2V or 2E is more appropriate. Further
sampling of the known population (except perhaps for seed) should be discouraged and
detailed surveys of the area are required to ascertain if any other populations exist.

44. Boronia viridiflora Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 295 (1997), fig. 25. Type: c. 2 km
S of Myra Falls, Arnhem Land, NT, 12°28’S 133°20’E, M.F. Duretto 421, J.
Chappill, G. Howell and K. Brennan, 14.vi.l993 (holotype DNA (photographs MEL
2041202, NSW).

Horizontal shrub, growing perpendicular or slightly upwards from vertical rock faces, to
1.5(-2) m long. Multiangular stellate hairs present on petals only, with 3-8 rays per hair;
rays 20-40 pm long. Branchlets distinctly quadrangular but becoming terete as the branch
ages, slightly glandular. Leaves 8^0 mm long, 7-16 mm wide; petiole 0.5-3.5 mm long;
lamina elliptic to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, attenuate, epidermal wax platelets
0.1-0.2(-0.5) pm wide; the midrib ± impressed on the adaxial surface, ± slightly raised
on the abaxial surface, with tightly packed cells without secondary thickening between
midvein and abaxial epidermis. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered; peduncle (0-)0.5-3 mm
long; prophylls 0.75-12 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; metaxyphylls 0.5 mm long;
anthopodium 1.5-2 mm long. Sepals ovate to debate, acute, green but sometimes top half
or tip burgundy, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 .5-2.5 mm wide, to 3.5-4 mm long as fruit matures, ±
equal to petals but becoming larger as fruit matures; adaxial surface with densely and
minutely pubescent near the margins, becoming glabrous towards base and the midrib.
Petals 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures;
adaxial surface sparsely simple pubescent mainly on the margins, large number of erect
multicellular glands on the distal half; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate indumentum,
mainly on the midrib. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long, prominently glandular on
the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments smooth, c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther
not frosty. Cocci 4.5-5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous. Seeds grey, dull, 4-4.5 mm
long, c. 2 mm wide, without a dorsal ridge; at magnification surface c. reticulate foveate,
units appearing to be collapsed tubercles, individual units 24-76 pm across.

Selected specimens examined (of 3 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and
GULF COUNTRY: c. 4.5 km S and 1.3 km W of Myra Falls, Arnhem Land, 12°29’S 133°21’E,
M.F. Duretto 430-434, J. Chappill, G. Howell and K. Brennan, 14.vi.l993 (MFD430: MEL;
MFD431: AD, K, MEL; MFD432: CANB, DNA, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD433: DNA, MEL;
MFD434: AD, DNA, HO, MEL).

Notes: Boronia viridiflora differs from B. quadrilata by its horizontal habit, smaller,
oblanceolate, subsessile leaves with obtuse tips and attenuate bases, and smaller flowers
and fruits. The horizontal habit and glaucous, glabrous leaves distinguishes B. viridiflora
from the two other boronias, B. rupicola (species 20 above) and B. suberosa (species 47
below), that grow on vertical rock faces in Arnhem Land. This horizontal habit (from
vertical cliff faces) is unique in Boronia but is found in other species found in the north-
western escarpment of the Arnhem Land plateau, e.g. Phyllanthus cauticola J.T Hunter

92

M.F. Duretto

Fig. 16. Western Arnhem Land plateau and surrounds. Distribution of Boronia subseries
Grandisepalae: B. grandisepala subsp. grandisepala (♦), B. grandisepala subsp.
acanthophida (0), B. laxa (•), B. aft. laxa 1 (A), B. aft. laxa 2 (A), B. prolixa (O), B. aff.
prolixa (☆), B. amplectens (★). Adapted from Duretto and Ladiges (1997), fig. 2.

& J.J. Bruhl (Euphorbiaceae; Hunter and Bruhl 1997b).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia viridiflora is known from two populations south of
Nabarlek, Arnbem Land, Nortbem Territory (Fig. 15), where it grows on vertical
sandstone surfaces of cliffs or boulders on the plateau surface. Flowering and fruiting:
material collected in April and June.

Conservation status: 2R (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae Duretto ser. 2. Grandisepalae

Erect or spreading shrubs, with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum on the branches,
leaves, inflorescence parts and abaxial surfaces of the perianth. Stellate hairs sessile or
stalked; rays smooth or flexuous, 0.1-1 mm long. Branches terete to slightly
quadrangular, brown, decurrent leaf bases absent. Leaves simple, lamina discolourous or

Boronia sect. Valvatae

93

concolourous, not succulent, plane or margin slightly recurved, dorsiventral or
isobilateral, epicuticular wax platelets absent, the midrib impressed on the adaxial
surface, prominently raised on the abaxial surface, secondary thickening in cells between
midvein and abaxial epidermis. Prophylls sometimes unifoliolate. Sepals longer and
wider than petals, acuminate. Antepetalous filaments glandular at the distal end; anther-
apiculum absent or present. Style glabrous or hirsute. Seed tuberculae unfused or fused
into longitudinal rows.

A series of two subseries and at least seven species that is endemic to the Northern
Territory (Figs 15, 16). It is characterised by a sparse to dense indumentum, simple
leaves, and shiny, black seeds.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Grandisepalae subser. 1 . Verecundae
Duretto, subser. nov. Pili stellati stipitati. Gynecium glabrum et cocci glabri. Pagina
seminibus tuberculata. Sp. typica: B. verecunda Duretto

Erect shrubs, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum on the branches,
leaves, inflorescence parts and abaxial surface of the perianth. Stellate hairs always
stalked, even on perianth, stalks 0.25-0.5(-l) mm long; rays 0.5-1 mm long. Leaves
dorsiventral. Metaxyphylls minute or absent. Sepal adaxial surface glabrous or with a
sparse indumentum, abaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Petal adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse indumentum; abaxial surface
with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum. Anther-apiculum absent or
present. Style glabrous. Cocci glabrous. Seeds black, at magnification tuberculate or
slightly striate.

A subseries of two species, endemic to Kakadu N.P., Northern Territory (Fig. 15),
characterised by stalked hairs with long rays.

45. Boronia verecunda Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 291 (1997), figs 20e, f. Type:
Kakadu N.P., 13°27’S 132°29’E, C.R. Dunlop 8611 and RE Munns, 22.iv.1990
(holotype DNA 47561 (photograph & transparency MEL 2041223); isotypes AD
99027035, BRI AQ5 11732, CANB 400809, MEL 1583457, NSW, PERTH n.v.).

Boronia D6347 Kakadu sensu Leach et al. (1992, p. 35); Dunlop et al. (1995, p. 100).

Boronia sp.9 (Kakadu; Martensz & Schodde 575) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p.
167).

Erect, much branched subshrub to 40 cm tall. Multiangular stellate hairs with 9-15 rays
per hair; rays white, 0.5-0.75(-l) mm long, weak, flexuous, dull. Branchlets slightly
quadrangular but becoming terete as the branch ages, decurrent leaf bases absent or
indistinct; new shoots with a moderately dense, light pink to white indumentum, older
branches with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum and becoming glabrous
as they age. Leaves 13-27(-50 on younger plants) mm long, 2-4(-8) mm wide; petiole
to 1 mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic, acute, attenuate to cuneate, plane or margin
slightly recurved; adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum;
abaxial surface with a sparse indumentum, the hairs mainly on margin and the midrib.
Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle 0.5-1 mm long, with a moderately dense to dense
indumentum; prophylls 4-5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense
stellate indumentum; anthopodium 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Sepals white or pink, becoming green as fruit
matures, ovate to debate, acute to acuminate, 6-7 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, not

94

M.F. Duretto

enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse stellate
indumentum; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals white
or pink, becoming green as fruit matures, 3. 5^. 5 mm long, 1.5-2. 5 mm wide, not
enlarging significantly as fruit matures, midvein slightly raised on the abaxial surface at
base; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate indumentum, mainly
on the midrib. Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long, the distal 0.75-1 mm prominently
glandular; antepetalous filaments glandular, c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther
slightly frosty, anther-apiculum minute. Cocci 4.5-5 mm long, 3.5^ mm wide. Seeds
3. 5^.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; tubercles 10-32 pm across.

Selected specimens examined (of five collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY: Kakadu NP, UDP Falls, 13°25’S 132°24’E, A.U Shee and LA. Craven
3053, 30.iv.l990 (AD, BRI, CANB, MEL); UDP Mine area, 13P29’S 132°26’E, Dunlop and
Byrnes 2121, 17.iii.l971 (CANB, PERTH, DNA); 2-3 miles N of El Sharana, 13°31’S I32°31’E,
Martensz and Schodde AE575, 25.1.1973 (CANB, DNA); Kakadu NP, 18.5 km S of Gimbat HS,
below eastern edge of Marawal Plateau, 13°44’S 132°36’E, A.V. Shee and LA. Craven 2717,
21.iv.l990 (AD, CANB, MEL).

Notes: Boronia verecunda differs from B. xanthastrum by weak, white hairs, narrower
leaves, larger flowers and petals that are glabrous on the adaxial surface.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia verecunda is restricted to Kakadu N.P., Northern
Territory, in the sandstone escarpment country of the South Alligator River catchment
area (Fig. 15). Flowering: January-April; fruiting material collected only in April.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Briggs and Leigh 1996).

46. Boronia xanthastrum Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 292 (1997), figs 20g, h. Type:
25 km WNW of Twin Falls, 13°16.5’S 132°35’E, LA. Craven 6226, l.vi.l'980
(holotype CANB 313880 [photographs DNA, MEL 2041228]).

Boronia sp. 4 (Craven 6226) sensu Lazarides et al. (1988, p. 23).

Erect, much branched subshrub to 40 cm tall; with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs
with 5-10(-14) rays per hair; rays yellow, becoming white and flexuous as the hair ages,
0.5-1 mm long, firm, glossy, smooth. Branchlets slightly quadrangular but becoming
terete, young branches with a dense, yellow indumentum and glabrous as they age.
Leaves 10-36 mm long, 2.5-6. 5 mm wide; petiole 0.5-1. 5 mm long; lamina elliptic to
lanceolate, acute, attenuate to cuneate. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered; peduncle 0.5-1 mm
long; prophylls minutely unifoliolate, 1.5^ mm long, 0.5 mm wide; anthopodium
0.5-1 .5 mm long. Sepals yellow-green, ovate to debate, acuminate, 3.5-6 mm long, 1-2.5
mm wide, enlarging to 5-7 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial
surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals yellow-green,
2.5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous
towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate indumentum mainly on the midrib and
the distal portion. Antesepalous filaments 1.25-1.5 mm long, the distal 0.75 mm
prominently glandular; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular, 0.75-1 mm long;
abaxial surface of anther slightly frosty, anther-apiculum absent. Cocci 4-6 mm long, c.
2 mm wide. Seeds 4-4.5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide; tubercules 12-34 pm acro.ss.

Selected specimens examined (of eight collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY: Between Jim Jim Rd and Mt Basedow, Kakadu NP, c. 12°59’S I32°42’E,
M.F. Duretto 538-540 and G. Howell, 30. vi. 1993 (MEL); Half way up Mt Ba.sedow, Kakadu NP, c.
I2°59.5’S 132°41’E, M.F. Duretto 542-543 and G. Howell, 30.vi.l993 (MEL); Near summit of Mt
Basedow, Kakadu NP, c. 12°59.5’S I32°41’E, M.F. Duretto 544-7 and G. Howell, 30.vi.l993

Boronia sect. Valvatae

95

(MFD544: DNA, MEL; MFD545-547: MEL); Graveside Gorge, Kakadu, 13°17’S 132°33’E, J.
Russell-Smith 2274 and D. Lucas, 3.V.1987 (DNA); saddle/ridge above side creek, just downstream
and W of plunge pool, Barramundi Gorge, Kakadu NP, 13°19’S 132°26’E, M.F. Duretto 464-468,
J. Chappill and G. Howell, 18.vi.l993 (MFD464: DNA, MEL; MFD465-467: MEL; MFD468:
MEL, CANB).

Notes: Boronia xanthastrum differs from B. verecunda by its stiff white-yellow hairs,
wider leaves, smaller flowers, and petals that are hirsute on the adaxial surface.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia xanthastrum is restricted to Kakadu N.P. (Northern
Territory), on and around the Mt Basedow Range, and in the Barramundi and Graveside
Gorge areas (Fig. 15). It is found growing on schists (Mt Basedow Range) and sandstones
(escarpment country) in both heath and woodland communities. Flowering and fruiting:
February-June.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae Duretto ser. Grandisepalae subser. 2.
Grandisepalae

Erect or spreading or pendulous shrubs, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum on the branches, leaves, inflorescence parts and the abaxial surface of the
perianth. Stellate hairs usually sessile, occasionally stalked; rays white to faintly yellow,
to 0.5 mm long, firm, straight, glossy, smooth. Leaves isobilateral. Metaxyphylls absent
or to 1 mm long. Sepal adaxial surface with a dense and minute simple/stellate-
pubescence near the margins. Petal adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense
indumentum. Anther-apiculum absent or minute. Style glabrous or hirsute. Cocci hirsute.
Seeds striate, longitudinal ridges 12-52 pm apart and constructed of fused tubercules.

A subseries of five, possibly eight, species of the Northern Territory (Figs 16, 17),
characterised by the usually sessile stellate hairs with rays to 0.5 mm long, and seed with
a striate surface. These striations on the seed surface occur when the cellular projections
on the seed surface, whether tubercles or collides, fuse to form ridges (Duretto and
Ladiges 1997). The structure of these ridges is similar to that of Neobymesia suberosa
J.A. Armstr. (cf. Armstrong and Powell 1980, fig. 5), also found on the north-eastern
Arnhem Land Plateau, and Geleznowia verrucosa Turcz. (unpublish, data) of south-
western Australia.

Boronia subser. Grandisepalae, except B. suberosa and B. amplectens, was subjected
to a phenetic analysis by Duretto and Ladiges (1997). This analysis identified, apart from
a number of undescribed taxa, several specimens that could not be placed with confidence
in any of the formally recognised taxa (see B. aff laxa \ ,B. aff. laxa 2, and B. aff. prolixa,
species 50, 5 1 and 53 below). Further collections on the Arnhem Land Plateau (Northern
Territory) and research are required to resolve the taxonomy of this group.

47. Boronia suberosa Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 288 (1997), fig. 22. Type: 1 1.5 km
NE of Jabiru East, 12°35’S 132°58’E, LA. Craven 5947, 26.V.1980 (holotype CANB
313890; isotypes A, CANB 313889, DNA 19572 [photographs HO, MEL 2041229,
NSW], L, MEL 234382).

Boronia sp. 1 {Lazarides 9004) sensu Lazarides et al. (1988, p. 23).

Boronia D6852 Jabiru sensu Leach et al. (1992, p. 35); Dunlop et al. (1995, p. 100).

Boronia sp.8 (Jabiru; C.R. Dunlop 3305) sensu Briggs and Leigh (1996, p. 167).

96

M.F. Duretto

Sprawling or pendulous, much branched subshrub to 50 cm long. Multiangular stellate
hairs with (2-)7-14 rays per hair; rays clear to yellow, to 0.1 (-0.3) mm long. Branchlets
brittle, terete to slightly quadrangular, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum and becoming glabrous with age, with massively developed cork on the
older stems. Leaves 7-20 mm long, 3-1 1 mm wide; petiole absent or to 3 mm long;
lamina elliptic to lanceolate, acute, attenuate, often appearing glabrous (to the unaided
eye) but with a minute sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum. Inflorescence 1-
flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle absent or to 1
mm long; prophylls 2-2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls 0.5-1 mm long;
antbopodium 0.5-1 mm long. Sepals ovate to debate, 3-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide,
enlarging to 6.5-7.5 mm long and 3-3.5 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with
a sparse stellate indumentum; abaxial surface with a dense, stellate indumentum. Petals
2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, enlarging to 4-5.5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a sparse simple indumentum; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate
indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1.5-1.75 mm long, prominently glandular on the
distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular, c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface
of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum absent, glabrous. Style glabrous. Cocci 3.5-5 mm
long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense simple and stellate indumentum.
Seeds 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide; tubercles clearly visible at magnification.

Additional specimens examined: THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and GULF
COUNTRY; 11.5 km NE of Jabiru East, 12°35’S \32°5S'E, M. Lazarides 9004, 26.V.1980 (CANB,
DNA); c. 8 km NNE of Jabim East, I2°35’S 132°59’E, J.L Egan 4843, 27.iv.1995 (DNA, MEL);
ESE of Mudginberry, 12°36’S 132°58’E, C. Dunlop 3305, 19.ii.I973 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL,
NSW, PERTH).

Notes: The older stems with massively developed cork is the diagnostic feature of this
species.

Distribution and ecology : Boronia suberosa is known only from the southern end of the
Ja Ja massive. Northern Territory (Fig. 15), where it is found on both sandstone
pavements and eliff faces (collectors’ notes). Flowering: February-April; fruiting: March-
April.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

48 . Boronia grandisepala F. Muell., Fragm. 1: 66 (1859). Type: McAdam Ranges near
Fitzmaurice River (Macadam Ra., c. 14°32’S 129°57’E, Northern Territory], F. von
Mueller, Oct. 1855 (lectotype (Duretto and Ladiges 1997); K n.v. (cibachrome MEL
2041208', photographs of cibachrome DNA, NSW; photograph AD 99537203)',
isolectotypje MEL 727325).

Erect shrub to 1.5 cm tall and wide, with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum on the branches and leaves. Stellate hairs sessile, rarely stalked, with c.
10-20 rays; rays 0. l-0.3(-0.5) mm long. Leaves 7-55(-62) mm long, 1 .5-14.5 mm wide;
petiole 0.5-5 mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, sometimes sublanceolate,
acute, ± slightly mucronate, attenuate to cuneate; juvenile leaves larger than adult leaves
and with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum that increases in density with
each ncxle until as adult leaves. Inflorescence 1 (-3)- flowered, with a dense, stellate
indumentum; peduncle absent or to 2.5(-7) mm long; prophylls linear, minutely
unifoliolate, 0.5-6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; metaxyphylls to 0.5 mm long or sometimes
absent; antbopodium 0.5-3(-4-5) mm long. Sepals white, pink or burgundy, broad-ovate,
acuminate, (4-6-)7-10 mm long, 2-5.5 mm wide, enlarging to (6-)9.5-13 mm long and
5-7.5 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a dense and minute simple and
stellate indumentum near the margins, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface

Boronia sect. Valvatae

97

with a dense, stellate indumentum. Petals white, pink or burgundy, (3-)4-6 mm long,
1.5-3 mm wide, enlarging to (4-)5-7.5 mm long as fruit matures, midvein slightly raised
at the base of the abaxial surface; adaxial surface with a moderately dense simple or
stellate indumentum, sometimes becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a
moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous fdaments 2-2.5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular
distally, 1-1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther sometimes slightly frosty, anther-
apiculum absent or minute. Style hirsute at base or for full length, rarely glabrous. Cocci
4-5.5 mm long, 1. 5-2.5 mm wide, with a moderately dense to dense simple and stellate
indumentum. Seeds 3—4 mm long and 1 .5-2 mm wide; surface ridges 27^f4 pm apart;
ridge units sometimes unclear.

Notes'. Boronia grandisepala can be distinguished from the other members of the series
by its moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum throughout and larger flowers.
Thin-walled vesiculose sclereids have been reported for this species (Rao and
Bhattacharya 1978, 1981).

Distribution: This species occurs from Deaf Adder Gorge to just south of Katherine
(Arnhem Land plateau), and disjunctly in the Macadam and Yambarran Ranges to the
east. Northern Territory (Figs 15, 16).

Key to subspecies

1 . Leaves of adult plants grey, with a dense indumentum, epidermis not visible, 25-40

hairs per mm^, greater than 1 8 rays per hair on average 48a. subsp. grandisepala

1. Leaves of adult plants not grey, with a moderately dense indumentum, epidermis
visible at magnification, 7-18 hairs per mm^, less than 17 rays per hair on average
48b. subsp. acanthophida

48a. Boronia grandisepala F. Muell. subsp. grandisepala

Illustrations: J. Brock, Top End Native Plants, 99 (1988, as B. grandisepala)', J. Brock,
Native Plants of Northern Australia, 99 (1993, as B. grandisepala).

Erect shrub to 1 m high and wide, adult plants with a dense, stellate indumentum on the
branches and leaves. Leaves 7^5(-62 with juvenile leaves) mm long, 1.5-10 mm wide,
epidermis not visible, c. 25^0 hairs per mm^, c. 18-20 rays per hair on average.
Peduncle absent or to 1 .5(-5-7) mm long; prophylls l-2(-4.5-6) mm long; anthopodium

O. 5-2.5(-5) mm long. Sepals (4-)7-10 mm long, (2-)3-5 mm wide, enlarging to
(6-)9.5-12 mm long and 5-6 mm wide as fruit matures. Petals (3-)4-6 mm long,
(1.5-)2.5-3 mm wide, enlarging to 4—7.5 mm long as fruit matures.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 35 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY: Upper Deaf Adder Ck, 13°03’S 132°52’E, I. Olsen 2685, 2.vi.I976
(MELU, NSW); 10 km N of Twin Falls, 13°13.5’S I32°47’E, 5471-597373, M. Lazarides 9050,
28.V.1980 (CANB, DNA, MEL); Graveside Gorge, Kakadu, 13°17’S 132°33’E, J. Russell-Smith
2279 and D. Lucas, 3. v. 1987 (DNA); Tributary of Barramundi Ck, Kakadu NP, S of Pine Creek Rd,
13°21’S 132°26’E, H.S. Thompson 516, 30.vi.l983 (CANB, NSW, PERTH); 20 km SE of Twin
Falls, 13°27’S 132°54’E, 5471-725123, LA. Craven 5882, 24.V.1980 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL,
NSW); Birdie Ck, Kakadu NP, 13°57’S 132°53’E, G.J. Leach 2728 and I D. Cowie, 18.iv.l990
(BRI, DNA, MEL, PERTH); On track to and near Biddlecombe Cascades, Nitmiluk NP,
14°15.37’S 132°25.84’E, M.F. Dureito 527-531, J. Chappill and G. Howell, 28. vi. 1993 (MFD527:
MEL, NSW; MFD528-531: MEL); Katherine Gorge NP, in gorge at first rapids, 14°19’S 1 32°28’E,

P. A. Fryxell and LA. Craven 4223, 20.V.9183 (AD, DNA); 70 km E of Port Keates, 14°20’S
130°10’54”E, P.K. Latz 13773, lO.v.1994 (MEL); VICTORIA RIVER DISTRICT: Macadam Ra.,

98

M.F. Duretto

14°41 ’S 129°44’E, J. Russell-Smith 7478 and Lucas, 2.iii.l989 (DNA [transparency & photograph
MEL]); Headwaters of Lalngong Ck, 15°05’S 130°10’E, I. Cowie 5052 and N.G. Walsh, I6.V.1994
(CANB, MEL).

Notes: Duretto and Ladiges (1997) noted that plants from the southern end of the
Arnhem Land Plateau have slightly smaller inflorescences and floral parts than those
from the Macadam Range/Lalngong Ck area; and that specimens from Nitmiluk N.P.
have narrower leaves and sometimes much smaller flowers than other specimens.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia grandisepala subsp. grandisepala is found from the
rocky outlier just north of Jim Jim Falls south to Nitmiluk N.P. (Fig. 16), and disjunctly
at the headwaters of Deaf Adder Gorge, and in the Macadam Range and Lalngong Ck
areas (Fig. 15). It is found in heath and woodland communities on rock pavements,
outcrops, and deep sand. Flowering and fruiting: December-June.

Conservation status: Widespread, found in Nitmiluk N.P. and Kakadu N.P, and not
under threat.

48b. Boronia grandisepala subsp. acanthophida Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 278
(1997). Type: 11 miles SW of Mt Gilruth, 13°04’S 132°56’E, M. Lazarides 8007,
4.iii. 1973 (holotype CANB 267569 (photographs HO, MEL 2041230); isotypes BRI
AQ2244725, DNA 52722 (transparency MEL 2041225), NSW 244415).

Erect shrub to 1.5 m tall, with moderately dense indumentum on the branches and leaves.
Leaves 8-55 mm long, 1.5-14.5 mm wide, epidermis visible, 7-18 hairs per mm^,
(4— )8-17 rays per hair on average. Peduncle 0.5-2.5 mm long; prophylls 0.5-2 mm long;
anthopodium 1-3 mm long. Sepals (5.5-)7.5-9.5 mm long, 2. 5-5. 5 mm wide, enlarging
to 9.5-1 3 mm long and 5-7.5 mm wide as fruit matures. Petals 4-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide, enlarging to 5-6 mm long as fruit matures.

Selected specimens examined (of 12 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY: Top of sandstone above creek flowing N at Deaf Adder Gorge, c. 10 km
from mouth, 13°07’S 132°56’E, D.J. McGillivray 3935 and C.R. Dunlop, 18.viii.l978 (DNA,
MEL, NSW); Near Mt Gilruth, 13°10’S 133°06’E, LA. Craven and G.M. Wightman 8307,
28.iii.1984 (CANB); 10 km N of Jim Jim Falls, 13°H’S 132°50’E, 5471-650419, LA. Craven
6076, 29.V.1980 (DNA, MEL, CANB); c. 17 miles N of Mt Evelyn, 13°21’S 132°54’E, M.
Lazarides 7993, 3.iii.l973 (CANB, DNA, MEL, NSW, PERTH); Top of Jim Jim Falls, Kakadu NP,
13°16.43’S 132°50.43’E, M.F. Duretto 459, J. Chappill and G. Howell, 17.vi.l993 (CANB, DNA,
MEL).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia grandisepala subsp. acanthophida occurs on the
Arnhem Land Plateau surface between Deaf Adder Gorge and Jim Jim Falls, Northern
Territory (Fig. 16), where found in sandstone heath and woodland communities.
Flowering: January-June; fruits: February-June.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

49. Boronia laxa Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 279 (1997), figs 20a, b. Type: Site FF,
c. 30 km SE of Jabiru, 12°55’S 132°58.5’E, 5472-801711, LA. Craven 6600,
30.iii.l981 (holotype CANB 338123; isotypes AD, DNA 20968 (transparency MEL
2041245), MEL 234407, P, US).

Boronia grandisepala (Craven 2423) sensu Lazarides et al. (1988, p. 23) non F. Muell.
Boronia sp. 3 (Craven 5715) sensu Lazarides et al. (1988, p. 23).

Semi-prostrate much branched shrub to 1.5 m long, with a sparse to moderately dense

Boronia sect. Valvatae

99

stellate indumentum on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular
stellate hairs sessile (rarely stalked), 5-15 rays; rays yellow-white, 0. 1-0.5 mm long.
Leaves 10-45 mm long, 2.5-10 mm wide; petiole 0.5-3 mm long; lamina elliptic to
sublanceolate, acute, attenuate to euneate, plane. Peduncle 0.5-2.5 mm long; prophylls
0.5-2. 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, sometimes minutely unifoliolate; metaxyphylls to 0.5
mm long, sometimes absent; anthopodium 0.5-2 mm long. Sepals white to mauve,
lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, 4—6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, enlarging to 7-8 mm long and
3-5 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a dense and minute indumentum near
the margins, becoming glabrous towards base and the midrib; abaxial surface with a
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals white to mauve, 2. 5^.5 mm long, 1-2 mm
wide, enlarging to 4-5 long as fruit matures, midvein raised slightly at the base of the
abaxial surface; adaxial surface sparsely simple and stellate indumentum sometimes
becoming glabrous towards centre and base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense to
dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1.5-1.75 mm long, prominently
glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments smooth to prominently glandular
distally, c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther slightly frosty, anther-apiculum absent or
minute. Style glabrous or hirsute at base to full length. Cocci 4—5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide, moderately simple and stellate indumentum. Seeds c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide;
longitudinal ridges 12-52 pm apart; ridge units, 9—A\ pm across, sometimes unclear.

Selected specimens examined (of 16 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY;
DARWIN and GULF COUNTRY: Upper East Alligator R., Arnhem Land, 12°36’S
133°08’E, J. Russell-Smith 5365 and Lucas, 26.iv.1988 (DNA); Sandstone plateau.
Kakadu, c. 12°50’S 133°05’E, L.A. Craven 2423, 27.ii.1973 (CANB, DNA); 2.5 km NW
of Koongarra Saddle, Kakadu NP, 12°45’S 132°55’E, I.R. Telford 81 12 and J.W. Wrigley,
24.iv.1988 (CANB, CANB, DNA, NSW); Koongarra area, 12°48’S 132°57’E, .C. Dunlop
4860, Lvi.1978 (CANB, DNA); Kakadu NP, Kuburra, NE of Nourlangie Rock, 12°50’S
I32°51’E, A.A. Muir 5721, 17.V.1986 (AD, DNA, MEL); Just before Koongarra saddle,
on track to mine site, Kakadu NP, 12°50.61 S 132°51.29’E, M.E Duretto 445, J. Chappill
and G. Howell, 16. vi. 1993 (MEL); Lightning Dreaming, Arnhem Land, 12°55’S
I33°02’E, C. Dunlop 6585 and G. Wightman, 22.ii.1984, (CANB, DNA, NSW).

Notes: Boronia laxa differs from B. prolixa and B. amplectens by its elliptical leaves
and short peduncle (< 3 mm), from B. ajf. laxa 2 by the moderately dense indumentum,
and from B. off. laxa 1 and B. grandisepala by the lax habit and smaller flowers.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia laxa is restricted to the Mt Brockman outlier
(Kakadu N.P.) and nearby Arnhem Land Plateau surface. Northern Territory (Fig. 16). It
is a component of sandstone heath and woodland communities. Flowering and fruiting:
February-June.

Conservation status: 2VC- (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

50. Boronia aff laxa 1 (Northern Plateau, Arnhem Land, Duretto and Ladiges 1997,
282).

Erect shrub to 1.5 m tall, with a moderately dense stellate indumentum on the branches
and leaves. Multiangular stellate hairs with 3-15 rays; rays to 0.25 mm long. Leaves
10-58 mm long, 3-13 mm wide; petiole 1-5 mm long; lamina elliptic. Inflorescence
l(-3)-flowered, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5-4
mm long; prophylls 0.5-3.5 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls 0.5-2 mm long;
anthopodium 1-6 mm long. Sepals debate, white, 6.5-8 mm long and 3-5.5 mm wide
enlarging to 1 1 mm long and 6 mm wide as fruit matures. Petals c. 3.5 mm long, c. 1.5
mm wide, enlarging to 5 mm tong as fruit matures. Antesepalous filaments 1 .75-2 mm
long with the distal 0.75-1 mm being prominently glandular; antepetalous anther c. 1 mm

100

M.F. Duretto

long; anther-apiculum absent. Style glabrous. Cocci 5-6.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide,
with a moderately dense indumentum. Seed not seen.

Specimens examined: THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and GULF COUNTRY: SE
of Mt Howslip, West Arnhem Land, I2°34’S 133°IO’E, K.A. Menkorsi 983, 26.viii.l990 (DNA,
MEL); Upper East Alligator R., Arnhem Land, I2°39’S I33°23’E, / Russell-Smith 8446 and
Brock, 20.ii.l991 (DNA, MEL).

Notes: Boronia aff. laxa 1 differs from typical B. laxa by its erect habit and the slightly
larger inflorescence and floral parts, and from B. grandisepala subsp. acanthophida by
the moderately dense indumentum and smaller floral parts.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia aff. laxa 1 is known from the northern part of the
Arnhem Land plateau east of the East Alligator River gorge. Northern Territory (Fig. 16).
Flowering material has been collected in February and August.

51. Boronia aff. laxa 2 (Nabarlek, Arnhem Land, Duretto and Ladiges 1997, 282).

Semi-prostrate shrub. Multiangular stellate hairs with c. 6-25 rays; rays 0. 1-0.2 mm
long. Branches with a moderately dense stellate indumentum. Leaves with petiole 0.5-1 .5
mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic, 10—35 mm long, 1.5-3. 5 mm wide; adaxial surface
with a moderately dense, stellate indumentum; abaxial surface with a dense, stellate
indumentum. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with a dense, stellate indumentum; peduncle 0.5
mm long; prophylls c. 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to I mm wide;
anthopK)dium c. 1.5 mm long. Sepals white, 3.5-4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, enlarging to
6 mm long and 3.5 mm wide as fruit matures. Petals white, 3-3.5 mm long and 1-1.5 mm
wide, enlarging to 4.5-5 mm long as fruit matures. Antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm
long, the distal 0.75 mm glandular; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long; anther-apiculum
absent. Style glabrous. Cocci c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, with a moderately dense
indumentum. Seeds c. 3 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide.

Specimen examined: THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and GULF COUNTRY:
Nabarlek, Arnhem Land, 12°19’S 133°19’E, Hinz 467, 23.iii.l989 (CANB, DNA [transparency
MEL 2041227]).

Notes: Boronia aff. laxa 2 differs from typical B. laxa by its smaller, narrower leaves
with a dense indumentum on the abaxial surface (as in B. grandisepala subsp.
grandisepala) but a moderately dense indumentum on the adaxial surface, and by its
smaller hairs, inflorescence and floral parts.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia aff laxa 2 is known only from near Nabarlek,
Northern Territory (Fig. 16). Flowering and fruiting material was collected in March.

52. Boronia prolixa Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 283 (1997), figs 20c, d. Type: 15 km
NNE of Jabiru East, 12°32’S 132°57’E, LA. Craven 6486, 7.vi.l980 (holotype
CANB 313887 (transparency & photograph MEL 2041224); isotypes A, AD, CANB
313888, DNA 19571, MEL 234380).

Boronia sp. 2 (Craven 5957) sensu Lazarides et al. (1988, p. 23).

Semi-prostrate, much branched subshrub to 50 cm long, with a mcxlerately dense stellate
indumentum on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs
with 5-10(-17) rays per hair; rays 0.1-0.5 mm long. Branches terete. Leaves sessile or
petiolate; petiole absent or to 2(^.5) mm long; lamina 4.5-32(-45) mm long, 2.5- 1 6 mm
wide, lanceolate to strongly ovate, acute, cuneate-truncate; adaxial surface of juvenile
leaves with a sparse indumentum of appressed, straight, glossy, simple hairs that are

Boronia sect. Valvatae

101

0.5-2 mm long. Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle 6-21 mm long; prophylls sometimes
minutely unifoliolate, (0.5-)l-1.5 mm long, to 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5
mm long; anthopodium 1-5 mm long. Sepals white to pink, ovate to deltate, acute to
acuminate, 4—6 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, enlarging to 5.5-7 mm long as fruit matures;
adaxial surface with a sparse and minute indumentum along the margins, becoming
glabrous towards centre and base; abaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Petals white to pink, 3-3.5 mm long, 1-1 .5 mm wide, enlarging to 4-5 mm
long and 2.5-3 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse stellate
indumentum becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous fdaments 1.5-1.75 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular, c.
1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther- apiculum absent or minute. Style
hirsute at base. Cocci 4-5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, with a moderately dense simple and
stellate indumentum. Mature seed not seen.

Selected Specimens examined (of nine collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY: East Alligator R., Arnhem Land, 12°29’S 133°03’E, C. Dunlop 3234,
15.ii.l973 (DNA, NSW); near 3 Pools, Kakadu NP, 12°29’S 132°54’E, J. Russell-Smith 976,
15.1.1984 (DNA); Nabarlek, escarpment country, 12°30’S 133°2UE, M. Lazarides 9235, 7.vi.l980
(A, CANB, DNA, L, MEL); 14.5 km NE of Jabiru East, 12°32’S 132°57’E, L.A. Craven 5957,
26.V.1980 (CANB, DNA, MEL); Ibangu Ck, SE of Ja Ja Massive, 12°33’S 132°55’E, / Russell-
Smith 1120, 9.ii.l984 (DNA); 5 km E of Winwuyerr Ck Crossing, Kakadu NP, 12°34’S 132°57’E,
J. Russell-Smith 1098, 6.ii.l984 (DNA).

Notes: Boronia prolixa differs from B. laxa by having a relatively long peduncle (> 6
mm long) and elliptical to ovate leaves; from B. off. prolixa by its smaller leaves; from B.
amplectens by having non-appressed hairs, a moderately dense indumentum throughout,
and wider leaves; and from B. grandisepala by its lax habit and moderately dense
indumentum throughout

Distribution and ecology: Boronia prolixa is restricted to the north-western portion of
the Arnhem Land plateau. Northern Territory (Fig. 16). A component of sandstone heath
and woodland communities. Flowering and fruiting: January-June.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto and Ladiges 1997).

53. Boronia aff. prolixa (Red Lily Lagoon, Arnhem Land, Duretto and Ladiges 1997,
285).

Sprawling shrub to 50 cm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum
on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs with 6-12
rays, rays 0. 1-0.5 mm long. Leaves with a petiole 1.5-3 mm long; lamina 1 1-50 mm
long, 4-15 mm wide, elliptical to ovate, tip acute. Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncles
3.5-6(-ll) mm long; prophylls c. 2 mm long; metaxyphylls minute; anthopodium 1-2
mm long. Sepals 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, enlarging to 6.5-7 mm long and 4.5
mm wide as fruit matures. Petals 2-2.5 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, enlarging to 4 mm long
as fruit matures. Antesepalous filaments 1 .5-1 .75 mm long, prominently glandular on the
distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular, c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of
anther not frosty, anther-apiculum minute. Style hirsute. Mature fruit and seed not seen.

Specimens examined: THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and GULF COUNTRY: 9 km
NE of East Alligator R. on Oenpelli Rd, 12°23’S 133°OUE, 5. Jacobs 1853, 3.vi.l974 (CANB,
DNA, NSW, PERTH); Red Lily Lagoon area between Cahills crossing and Oenpelli, 12°24’S
133°++’E, T.G. Hartley 13722, 23.iii.1973 (CANB, DNA).

Notes: Boronia aff prolixa may be an undescribed species; it differs from B. prolixa by
its larger leaves, shorter peduncles, wider sepals and smaller petals.

102

M.F. Duretto

Distribution and ecology: Boronia aff. prolixa is known from the Red Lily Lagoon
area, south and west of Oenpelli, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (Fig. 16). Rowering
material has been collected in March and June.

54. Boronia amplectens Duretto, Austral. Syst. Bot. 10: 287 (1997). Type: Headwaters of
the East Alligator River, 12°48’S 133°21’E, LA. Craven and G.M. Wightman 8336,
31.iii.l984 (holotype CANB 399I82\ isotypes AD 99351079, MEL 722594).

Sprawling, much branched subshrub to 1 m wide. Multiangular stellate hairs with
6-10(-15) rays; rays appressed, 0. 1-0.5 mm long. Branches terete, with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Leaves with petio(e 0.5-2. 5 mm long; lamina
narrowly elliptic, 15—52 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, with a sparse indumentum that is
often confined to the margins and the midrib. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum; peduncle 7-21 mm long; prophylls (0.5-)l-L5
mm long, to 0.5 mm wide; metaxyphylls minute to 0.5 mm long; anthopodium 2-8 mm
long. Sepals acute to acuminate, 3-5 mm long, 1 .5-2 mm wide, enlarging to 7 mm long
as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a moderately dense and minute indumentum along
the margins, becoming glabrous towards centre and base; abaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense stellate indumentum. Petals 3^ mm long, enlarging to 5 mm long as
fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple indumentum; abaxial surface with a
sparse moderately dense stellate indumentum. Antesepalous filaments 1.5-1.75 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments slightly glandular, c.

1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum absent or minute. Style
glabrous. Cocci c. 4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense
stellate indumentum. Seed c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, .

Additional Specimen examined: THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN and GULF
COUNTRY: S of Magela Falls, c. 12°47’S 133°06’E, K. Brennan 2818, 21.V.1994 (MEL, OSS
n.v.).

Notes: Boronia amplectens differs from other members of subseries Grandisepalae by
having narrowly elliptical leaves (1.5—3 mm wide) with a sparse indumentum of
appressed hairs.

Distribution and ecology: This species is known from two collections from the interior
of the Arnhem Land plateau, Northern Territory (Fig. 16), where it is found growing in
shrubby eucalypt woodland on rocky sandstone slopes. Flowering and fruiting material
has been collected in March and May.

Conservation status: Duretto and Ladiges (1997) gave a ROTAP code of IK to B.
amplectens, but as more material has come to hand a ROTAP code of 2V is more
appropriate.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. 3. Lanuginosae Duretto, ser. nov.
Folia pinnata. Filamenta antipetala laevia. Sp. typica: B. lanuginosa Endl.

Erect or spreading shrubs, glabrescent or with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum on
the branches, leaves, inflorescence parts and abaxial surfaces of the perianth.
Multiangular stellate hairs .sessile; rays to 1 mm long, smooth, straight. Branches terete
to slightly quadrangular, decurrent leaf bases absent. Leaves imparipinnate or rarely
simple (B. pauciflora), lamina discolourous, paler beneath, epicuticular wax platelets
absent, the margins plane to revolute, dorsiventral or isobilateral; the midrib impressed
on the adaxial surface, prominently raised on the abaxial surface or not, without
secondary thickening (except sometimes B. pauciflora) in cells between midvein and
abaxial epidermis. Prophylls minute or minutely unifoliolate or minutely imparipinnate;

Boronia sect. Valvatae

103

Fig. 17. Distribution of Boron/a subseries Lanuginosae: B. lanuginosa (0), 6. wilsonii (*).
Adapted from Duretto (1997), fig. 1.

metaxyphylls absent or minute. Sepals as large or larger than petals (rarely smaller), acute
or acuminate. Antepetalous filaments smooth; anther-apiculum absent or present. Style
glabrous or hirsute. Seeds black, shiny; surface at magnification tuberculate-colliculate;
tubercles unfused.

A series of three subseries and nine species of the Kimberley Region, Western
Australia, the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory and north-western Queensland (Figs
17, 18). It is characterised by imparipinnate leaves (though adult foliage of B. pauciflora
is simple) without secondary thickening in the midrib. This series corresponds to the B.
lanuginosa group discussed in Duretto (1997).

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae Duretto subser. 1.
Lanuginosae

Erect shrubs, juvenile plants with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum,
adult plants with a dense, stellate indumentum. Leaves petiolate, sometimes subsessile;
rachis segments triangular; leaflets dorsiventral, narrowly elliptic to linear, the younger
distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate, margins revolute or strongly recurved, the midrib
raised on the abaxial surface. Sepals larger than petals. Cocci with a moderately dense to
dense indumentum. Seeds black, concolourous.

A subseries of two widespread species of the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, the
‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory and north-western Queensland (Fig. 17). It is
characterised by a dense indumentum throughout (at least on the adult foliage), narrow
linear to elliptic leaflets with recurved to revolute margins and raised midribs on the
abaxial surface. This subseries was the subject of the phenetic analysis presented bv
Duretto (1997). ^

55. Boronia lanuginosa Endl. in Endl. et al., Enum. pi. 16 (1837). Type: King George’s
Sound [probably Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory], Ferd Bauer (lectotype
(Duretto 1997): W n.v. (photograph PERTH 1610171)).

[Boronia artemisioides F. Muell., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Card. Misc. 9: 196 (1857).
nom. invai, provisional name only]

104

M.F. Duretto

Boronia artemisiifolia F. Muell., Fragm. 1; 66 (1859) (as B. artemisifolid). Types
(Duretto 1997): In montibus rapid fluvibus flum Fitzmarie River [c. 14°49’ 130°E,
Northern Territory], F. Muell., x.1855 (syntypes K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041209,
photograph AD 99537192, right hand specimen), MEL 2041250)', Sea Range [=
Yambarran Ra„ c. 15°20’S 130°10’E, Northern Territory], F Mueller, xii.1855
(syntypes K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041209, photograph AD 99537192, left hand
specimen), MEL 2041251)-, McAdam’s Range [Macadam Ra., c. 14°32’S 129°57’E,
Northern Territory], F. Mueller, October 1855 (syntype TCD (transparency MEL
2044561).

Boronia affinis R.Br. ex Benth., FI. austral. 1: 311 (1863). Types (Duretto 1997):
Islands g, h [North Island - 15°35’S 136°52’E, andVanderlin Island - 15°40’S 137°E,
Sir Edward Pellew Group] of the Gulf of Carpentaria and mainland opposite Groote
Island [Eylandt] [Northern Territory], R. Brown No. 5293, xii.1802-i.1803 (syntypes
BM n.v. (transparencies DNA, MEL 2041222), CANB 278461, K n.v. (cibachrome
MEL 2041210, photograph AD 99537210), MEL 2041248, NSW).

Illustrations'. R Wilson, Austral. PI. 8: 200 (1975); K. Brennan, Wildflowers of

Kakadu, 14, fig. 9 (1986, as Boronia sp.); J. Brock, Top End Native Plants, 99 (1988);

J. Brock, Native Plants of Northern Australia, 99 (1993).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1.5 m high; ontogenetic sequence in indumentum density
on the branches, leaves, inflorescence parts and abaxial surfaces of the perianth: juvenile
plants initially glabrous or glabrescent or sparsely simple- and/or stellate-indumented, the
density of the indumentum increasing with each node until with a dense, stellate
indumentum with or without simple hairs, this gradation varies between the different
organs and some plants never have a dense stellate indumentum. Multiangular stellate
hairs with 2-15 rays; rays white to faintly yellow, to 1 mm long; simple hairs antrorse,
0.5-1 (—2) mm long. Leaves 6-80 mm long, 5-50 mm wide in outline, with 1 1-27(-35)
leaflets; petiole 0.5-3 mm long, not winged; rachis segments 0.5-10 mm long, 1-1.5 mm
wide, winged, wedge shaped with the distal end wider; leaflets sessile, linear to narrowly
elliptic, acute; terminal leaflet 5-26 mm long, 0.5-3 mm wide; lateral leaflets 4-26 mm
long, 0.5-2 mm wide. Peduncle absent or to 1 mm long; prophylls linear, minute to
minutely unifoliolate, to 0.5 mm long; metaxyphylls absent or minute; anthopodium 4—10
mm long. Sepals white to deep pink or purple, ovate-deltate, acute to acuminate,
(4-5-)7-14 mm long, 2—4 mm wide, enlarging to 8-15 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial
surface densely and minutely pubescent sometimes becoming glabrous towards centre
and base. Petals white to dark pink or purple, 3-9 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, enlarging to
5.5-10 mm long and 1.5-2. 5 wide as fruit matures, midvein not or slightly raised at the
base of the abaxial surface; adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense simple or
stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base. Antesepalous filaments 1 .5-2 mm
long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments 1-1.5 mm
long; abaxial surface of anther not or slightly frosty, anther-apiculum absent. Style
glabrous. Cocci 4.5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with a moderately dense to den.se
simple and/or stellate indumentum. Seeds 4-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.
Engbajengbaja, Star Boronia.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 200 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY;
DARWIN and GULF COUNTRY: We.ssell Is., 11°13’S 136°38’S, P.K. Latz 3462, 10.x. 1972
(CANB, DNA, PERTH); Nhulunbuy, Gove Peninsular, 12°10’S 136°46’E, G.M. Wightman 4283,
21. i. 1988 (CANB, DNA); 5 miles NE of Goyder R. Crossing, 12°51’S 135°02’E, J. Must 1018,
17.vi.l972 (DNA, CANB); Groote Eylandt, 6 km S of Alyangula, 13°55’S 136°26’E, /. Cowie

Boronia sect. Valvatae

105

2006 and /.C. Brocklehurst, 1 l,ix.l991 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); 8 km W of Roper Bar, 14°42’S
I34°27’E, M.O. Parker 908, 22.vi.l977 (BRI, CANB, DNA, NSW); Nathan River Station, I5°35’S
135°22’E, G. Brown, 9.vii.l985 (DNA); 42.4 km from Borroloola towards Wollogorang, 16°8.0rS
I36°36.70’E, M.F. Duretto 495-502, 21. vi. 1 993 {MFD495-498, 501, 502: MEL; MFD499: DNA,
MEL; MFD500: DNA, CANB, MEL); c. 1.6 km W of Echo Gorge on the road from Wollogorang
to ‘Calvert Hills’, 17°H’S 137°39’E, R. Pullen 9233, 12.V.1974 (AD, BRI, CANB, DNA); Tin
Camp Ck, c. 20 miles S of Nabarlek mining camp, 12°28’S 133°15’E, T.G. Hartley 13828,
30.V.1973 (CANB, DNA); Mt Cahill, Kakadu NP, SE of summit, 12°52.00’S 132°42.27’E, M.F.
Duretto 448-453, J. Chappill and G. Howell, 16. vi. 1993 (MEL); East Alligator R. headwaters,
12°48’S 133°21’E, C. Wightman 1374 and L. Craven, 31.iii.l984 (BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL);
Sandstone outlier, 10 km N of Twin Falls, 13°13.5’S 132°47’E, M. Lazarides 9044, 28. v. 1980 (AD,
CANB, DNA); 14 km E of Sleisbeck, Kakadu NP, 13°46’S 132°58’E, G.J. Leach 2757 and l.D.
Cowie, 18.iv.l990 (BRI, MEL, PERTH); c. 500 m W of Upper Ealls, c. 600 m (by track) E of Edith
Falls camp ground, Nitmiluk NP, 14°10’50”S 132°11’15”E, B.J. Conn 3709 and A.N.L. Doust,
15.iii.l993 (DNA, MEL, NSW); 7 km E of ‘Beswick’ Homestead along road to Mainora, 14°32’S
133°16’E, J. D. Briggs 879, lO.v.1983 (CANB, MEL); VICTORIA RIVER REGION: 4 km W of
Kodendong Valley, 14°38’51”S 130°10’55”E, 1. Cowie 4874 and D.E. Albrecht, 13.V.1994 (DNA,
MEL); Victoria R., Gregory NP, 15°28’S 130°07’E, M. Clark 436 and G. Wightman, 7.ii.l986
(DNA); 20 km S of Daly R. Police Station (3 kmSofMt Boulder), 13°57’S 130°42’E, PA. Fryxell,
L.A. Craven and J. McD. Stewart 4907, 23.vi.1985 (CANB); WESTERN AUSTRALIA,
KIMBERLEY REGION: Limestone hills W of Weaber Range, c. 50 km N of Kununurra and c. 13
km NW of Point Springs, M. Lazarides 8426, 8.iii.l978 (CANB, DNA, PERTH); QUEENSLAND,
BURKE REGION: Westmoreland, offroad past Hells Gate, 17°22’59”S 138°16’57”E, P. Forster
21066 , 21069 & R. Booth, 23.V.1997 (BRI n.v, MEL),

Possible hybrids: Boronia lanuginosa X B. tolerans (see Duretto 1997). On track to
and near Biddlecombe Cascades, Nitmiluk NP, 14°16’S 132°26’E, Duretto 525-526,
28.vi.1993 (MFD525: DNA, MEL; MFD526: MEL).

Notes: The density of the indumentum of B. lanuginosa is variable. It is not unusual for
glabrescent plants to be found alongside plants with a dense indumentum (see discussion
in Duretto 1997). Plant size is also variable and some populations, e.g. at Mt Cahill
(Kakadu N.P.) and on the sandplains north of the Arnhem Land Plateau, consist of very
small plants that may possibly behave as annuals. Plants from the south-western portion
of the Arnhem Land plateau and western Northern Territory have larger flowers than the
typical form. These forms appear to grade into each other (Duretto 1997). More
collections and further research are required to determine if any of these forms require
formal recognition.

Boronia lanuginosa is called Engbajengbaja by the Wamindilyakwa people of Groote
Eylandt who use a preparation made from the leaves to treat headaches, body aches and
pains, and chest colds (Levitt 1981).

Duretto (1997) erred when stating that one of the syntypes of B. artemisiifolia, viz.
‘McAdam Ranges, E. Mueller, October 1855’, was lodged at BM and MEL: only the
collection at TCD has been seen.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia lanuginosa is common and widespread throughout
the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory from Wollogorang to the Arnhem Land plateau
and Cobourg Peninsula areas (Pig. 17). Isolated collections have also been made further
east in the Macadam Range and Victoria River areas (NT) and the Weaber Range (WA),
and the species was recently collected in north-western Queensland. It grows on
sandstone and sands in heath, open woodland and forest. Flowering; January-September;
fruiting; January-November.

Conservation status: Common, widespread, not under threat: found in a number of
reserves including Kakadu N.P. and Nitmiluk N.P. (Duretto 1997).

106

M.F. Duretto

56. Boronia wilsonii (F. Muell. ex Benth.) Duretto, Nuytsia 11; 320 (1997). B.
artemisiifolia var. wilsonii F. Muell. ex Benth., FI. austral. 1: 311 (1863). Type:
Vansittart’s Bay [c. 14°S 1 26° 15’E, Western Australia], 452, 1819

(lectotype (Duretto 1997) PERTH 1610198; isolectotypes BM n.v. (transparencies
MEL 2041234, PERTH), K x2 n.v. (cibachrome MEL 204121 1, left hand specimen;
MEL 2041212, left hand specimen)); Victoria River [c. 15°3rS 131°E, Northern
Territory], Wilson (residual syntyf>es K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041213; photograph
AD 99537195), MEL 2041252); N.W. Coast, Bynoe (residual syntype K n.v.
(cibachrome MEL 2041212, right hand specimen; MEL 2041211, right hand
specimen)).

Illustration: J.R. Wheeler, FI. Kimberley Region, 669, Figs 206 Bl-2 (1992, as B.

lanuginosa).

Erect, much branched shrub to 1 m high, with a dense, stellate indumentum on the
branches, leaves, inflorescence parts and abaxial surface of the perianth. Multiangular
stellate hairs with 4—12 rays; rays white to faintly yellow, 0.05-0. 1 (-0.25) mm long;
simple hairs present, antrorse, 0.5-2 mm long. Branches becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves 17-34(-61) mm long, 6-21 mm wide in outline, with 13-23 leaflets; petiole

O. 5-7 mm long, not winged; rachis segments 2-6 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, winged,
wedge shaped with the distal end wider; leaflets sessile to subsessile, narrowly elliptic to
elliptic or lanceolate, acute, the margins recurved to revolute; terminal leaflet 3-23 mm
long, 1-6 mm wide; lateral leaflets 1.5-12 mm long, 1^ mm wide. Inflorescence l(-3)-
flowered; peduncle absent; prophylls 0.5-1 (-9) mm long, up to 4 mm wide; anthopodium
2.5-7 mm long. Sepals cream to pink, ovate-deltate, acuminate, 5-9 mm long, 2-3 mm
wide, enlarging to 6-10 mm long and 3-4.5 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface
with a dense stellate and simple indumentum near the margins, becoming sparse simple
towards centre and glabrous towards base. Petals cream to pink, 4—5 mm long, 1 .5—2.5
mm wide, enlarging to 5.5-6 mm long as fruit matures, midvein not or slightly raised at
the base of the abaxial surface; adaxial surface with a sparse simple indumentum,
becoming glabrous towards base. Antesepalous fdaments 1.5—2 mm long, prominently
glandular on the distal 0.5—1 mm; antep>etalous filaments 1—1.5 mm long; abaxial surface
of anther not or slightly frosty, anther-apiculum minute. Style glabrous or rarely hirsute.
Cocci 4—5 mm long, 2—2.5 mm wide, with a moderately dense to dense simple and/or
stellate indumentum. Seeds 3. 5^. 5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of c. 50 collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; KIMBERLEY
REGION: Lachlan Is., Buccaneer Archipelago, 16°38’S 123°29’E, K.F. Kenneally 8319,
14.vi.l982 (CANB, PERTH); Koolan Is., 16°7’S 123°46’E, P.A. Fryxell, LA. Craven and /
McD.Stewart 4600, 2.vi.l985 (CANB, PERTH); Uwins Is., Brunswick Bay, 15°18’S 124°48’E,

P. G. Wilson 11434, 7.vii.l973 (PERTH); Peninsula NE of Fredrick Harbour at mouth of Hunter R.,
15°rS 125°23’E, P.A. Fryxell, LA. Craven and J. McD.Stewart 4685, 8.vi.l985 (CANB, MEL,
PERTH); Bougainville, on plateau, 13°54’S 126°4’E, J.S. Beard 8260, 10.ix.l978 (CANB,
PERTH); King Edward R., I4°54’S 126°12’E, CR Dunlop 5380, l.iii.l980(DNA, PERTH); Anjo
Peninsula separating Napier Broome Bay and Vansittart Bay, c. 3.5 km SSW Sharp Point,
13°57’30”S 126°31’E, J.H. Willis s.n., 31.V.1984 (BRI, CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); 2 km N of
Kalumburu Mission, 14°16’S 126°37’E, PA. Fryxell and LA. Craven 4134, 14.V.1983 (CANB,
MEL, PERTH); Napier Broome Bay, West Governor Is., South Bay, 1 3°57’S 1 26°4FE, S.J. Forbes
2059, 19.V.1984 (MEL, NSW); Planigale Ck, Drysdale R. NP, 14°43’S I26°54’E, K.F. Kenneally
4455, 19.viii.l975 (CANB, PERTH); Above the headwaters of the Helby R„ I4°41’S 128°4’E,
T.G. Hartley 14829, 27.iii.I978 (CANB, PERTH); Middle Springs, 18 km NW of Kununarra,
15°38’S 128°40’E, P.A. Fryxell and LA. Craven 4002, 8.V.1985 (AD, BRI, CANB, DNA, MEL,

Boronia sect. Valvatae

107

Fig. 18. Distribution of Boronia subseries Jucundae: B. decumbens (♦), B. tolerans (O),
B. jucunda (•); subseries Filicifoliae: B. pauciflora (A), B. kalumburuensis (A), B.
filicifolia (■), B. minutipinna (□). Adapted from Duretto (1997), fig. 12.

PERTH ); Parry Harbour on the Mainland near Troughton Is., F. Lullfitz 6109, 1 6.vi. 1 968 (PERTH);
Lawley R., G.A. Gardner 963, 4.iv.l921 (PERTH); THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; VICTORIA
RIVER REGION: Victoria R. area, I5°16’S 129°35’E, GJ. Leach 2399 and C. Dunlop, 9.iii.l989
(BRl , DNA).

Notes: Boronia wilsonii differs from B. lanuginosa by having wider and usually shorter
leaflets and longer anthopodia. The many references to B. lanuginosa in the Kimberley
can probably be referred to B. wilsonii (see Duretto 1997 and references therein).

Distribution and ecology: Boronia wilsonii is common in the Kimberley Region and
adjacent islands (Western Australia), though rarely collected far from the coast, and from
few collections from the lower Victoria River, Northern Territory (Fig. 17). It grows on
sand, sandstone, quartzite and rarely limestone. Flowering: January-September; fruiting:
March-September.

Conservation status: Common, widespread and under no immediate threat. Found in
several reserves.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae subser. 2. Jucundae
Duretto, subser. nov. Indumento sparse ubique. Folia sessilia; foliola plana abaxiale,
margine piano vel recurvo leviter. Sp. typica: B. jucunda Duretto

Erect or decumbent shrubs, glabrescent or with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum on the branches, leaves and inflorescence parts. Leaves sessile, the younger
distal leaves not becoming unifoliolate; rachis segments triangular; leaflets linear to
narrowly elliptic, the margins plane to slightly recurved, the midrib not or slightly raised
on the abaxial surface, sometimes impressed on the adaxial surface, dorsiventral or
isobilateral. Peduncle absent or rarely to 0.5 mm long; metaxyphylls minute to 1 mm
long. Sepals larger than petals. Cocci glabrous or with a sparse to moderately dense
indumentum. Seeds black, usually concolourous (see B. jucunda, species 59 below).

A subseries of three rare species of the Northern Territory with one extending into the
south-eastern Kimberley Region of Western Australia (Fig. 1 8). It is characterised by
having a sparse indumentum, and sessile leaves with plane, linear leaflets.

108

M.F. Duretto

57. Boronia decumbens Duretto, Nuytsia 1 1 : 323 (1997), figs lOA-E. Type: c. 70 km NE
of Pine Creek, El SharanaRd, 13°33’S \32°\S'E, C. Dunlop 6752 and G. Wightman,
5.iii.l985 (holotype CANB 363098\ isotypes DNA, MEL 250904, NSW).

Decumbent, much branched subshrub to 10 cm high and 40 cm wide, resprouting from a
woody rootstalk, with a sparse to moderately dense simple indumentum on the branches,
leaves and inflorescence parts. Multiangular stellate hairs rare, with 2-6 rays; rays to 0.1
mm long. Branches weak, terete to slightly quadrangular, becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves 6-20 mm long, 8-25 mm wide in outline, with (3)-5-7 leaflets, not obviously
glandular; rachis segments 2-8 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; leaflets linear to narrowly
elliptic, acute, attenuate, dorsiventral, the midrib not or slightly raised on the abaxial
surface and not impressed on the adaxial surface; terminal leaflet 6-12 mm long, 0.5-1
mm wide, larger than preceding lateral leaflets; lateral leaflets 4—1 1 mm long, 0.5-1 mm
wide. Inflorescence 1 -flowered; peduncle absent; prophylls linear, minute to minutely
unifoliolate, 0.5-2 mm long; metaxyphylls minute to 1 mm long; anthopodium 1-4 mm
long. Sepals white to pink, deltate, acute, 4-6 mm long, 1 .5-3 mm wide, enlarging to
5.5-8 mm long and 2-4 mm wide as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a moderately
dense simple indumentum and becoming glabrous towards the base; abaxial surface with
a sparse simple indumentum. Petals white to pink, 3—5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, enlarging
to 4-5.5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense
simple indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse to
moderately dense simple indumentum. Antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm long,
prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long;
abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum minute or large and erect. Style
glabrous. Cocci 5-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, with a sparse to moderately dense simple
and stellate indumentum. Seeds 4.5-5 mm long, c. 2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of 15 collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY; Kakadu NP, 3 km SW of Mary River Ranger Station, 13°24’S 132°05’E,
A.VSlee and L.A. Craven 2494, 17.iv.l990(AD, CANB); N of Waterfall Ck turn off on Pine Creek-
Oenpelli Rd, Kakadu NP, 13°33’S 132°17’E, M.F. Duretto 473-475, J. Chappill and G. Howell,
18. vi. 1993 (MFD473: MEL; MFD474: CANB, DNA, MEL; MFD475: DNA, MEL); Mary River
Ranger Station, 13°33’S 132°16’E, M.F. Duretto 548b-550, J. Chappill and G. Howell, l.vii.l993
(MFD548b, 549: DNA, CANB, MEL; MFD550: MEL); Kombolgie Ck, Fern Gully, Fern Ck,
13°34’S 132°18’E, G.J. Leach 3407, iv.l993 (BRl, PERTH); Moline Rockhole area. Kakadu Hwy,
13°35’S 132°15’E, W.y. Clark 835, 19.iii.l987 (DNA).

Notes: Boronia decumbens differs from B. lanuginosa by its sessile leaves, few (if any)
stellate hairs and decumbent habit; the last two features also distinguish it from B.
tolerans and B. jucunda.

Distribution and ecology: This species is restricted to Kakadu N.P. to the area north of
Mary River around the Mary River Ranger Station and the Waterfall Creek turnoff on the
Pine Creek-Oenpelli Rd, Northern Territory (Fig. 18). It grows on deep sand as well as
on sandstone in eucalypt open woodland. Flowering: November-August. Fruiting:
March-August.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1997).

58. Boronia tolerans Duretto, Nuytsia 1 1 : 326 (1997), figs 10 F-J. Type: On track to and
near Biddlecombe Cascades, Nitmiluk NP, 14°I6’S 132°26’E, M.F. Duretto 516, J.
Chappill and G. Howell, 28.vi.1993 (holotype MEL 2040275', isotypes DNA, MEL
2040276).

Erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm high. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, 4-12 rays;

Boronia sect. Valvatae

109

rays white to faintly yellow, 0.05-0.25(-0.5) mm long; simple hairs on vegetative organs
antrorse, 0.5-1 mm long. Branches terete to slightly quadrangular, with a sparse to
moderately dense simple and stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they age.
Leaves 7-50 mm long, 8-17 mm wide in outline, with (l-3-)5-7(-9) leaflets, slightly
glandular, glabrous to glabrescent; rachis segments 2-10 mm long, 1-2 mm wide; lamina
isobilateral; terminal leaflet 8-25 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide; lateral leaflets 5-16 mm
long, 1-2 mm wide. Inflorescence 1 -flowered, glabrous or with a sparse simple and
stellate indumentum; peduncle absent; prophylls linear, minute, to 0.5 mm long;
metaxyphylls absent or minute; anthopodium 1-2 mm long. Sepals white, ovate-deltate,
acute, d— 5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide, enlarging to 5.5-6 mm long and 2-2.5 mm wide as
fruit matures; adaxial surface with a moderately dense and minute indumentum,
becoming glabrous towards the base; abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse simple or
stellate indumentum. Petals white, 3. 5^.5 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, enlarging to 5 mm
long as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense simple or stellate
indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent.
Antesepalous fdaments c. 1.5 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm;
antepetalous fdaments c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not or slightly frosty,
anther-apiculum minute to large, erect. Style glabrous. Cocci 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm
wide, glabrous or with a sparse indumentum. Seeds 4-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of three collections): THE NORTHERN TERRITORY; DARWIN
and GULF COUNTRY; Biddlecombe Cascades, Katherine Gorge NP, S. King, 16.vi.l981 (DNA);
3 km E of Biddlecombe Cascades, Katherine Gorge NP, S. King, 20.vi.l981 (DNA).

Possible hybrids: Boronia tolerans X B. lanuginosa (see B. lanuginosa species 55 above;
Duretto 1997).

Notes: Boronia tolerans differs from B. jucunda by having up to seven leaflets and
smooth stems, from B. decumbens by its erect habit, and from B. lanuginosa by its sessile
and isobilateral leaves.

Distribution and ecology: This species is restricted to the Biddlecombe Cascades area
of Nitmiluk N.P., Northern Territory (Fig. 18), where it grows on deep sand in eucalypt
woodland on the plateau top. Flowering and fruiting material collected in June.

Conservation status: 2VC- (Duretto 1997).

59. Boronia jucunda Duretto, Nuytsia 1 1: 328 (1997), figs 10 K-O. Type: Mabel Downs,
Winnama Gorge, Kimberley Region, WA, 17°1 1’S 128°15’E, E.A. Chesterfield 214,
14.V.1984 (holotype MEL 1534494', isotypes CANB [CBG 8503155], DNA 56026,
NSW 166827, PERTH 1622609).

Boronia ? pauciflora sensu Eorbes and Kenneally (1986, p. 161); Menkhorst and Cowie
(1992, p. 44).

Boronia sp. A sensu Wheeler (1992, pp. 669, 670).

Illustrations: J.R. Wheeler, FI. Kimberley Region, 669, figs 206 Dl-3 (1992, as
Boronia sp. A).

Erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm high. Multiangular stellate hairs sessile, 4-12 rays;
rays 0.05-0.1 mm long; simple hairs antrorse, 0.5-1 mm long. Branches slightly
quadrangular, glandular, with a sparse to moderately dense simple and stellate
indumentum or glabrescent (NT, Napier 7, DNA). Leaves trifoliolate, slightly glandular,
glabrous to glabrescent, lamina isobilateral; terminal leaflet 8-42 mm long, 1-3 mm
wide, midvein straight; lateral leaflets 6-23 mm long, 1-2 mm wide. Inflorescence 1-

no

M.F. Duretto

flowered, glabrous or with a sparse simple and stellate indumentum; peduncle absent or
0.5 mm long; prophylls linear, minute, to 0.5 mm long; metaxyphylls absent or minute;
anthopodium 0.5-3 mm long. Sepals white, ovate-deltate, acute, (3-)4-5 mm long,
1.5— 2.5 mm wide, enlarging to (3.5-)5.5-6 mm long and 2—2.5 mm wide as fruit matures;
adaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous
towards the base; abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse indumentum. Petals white,
(2— )3.5^ mm long, c. 1 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a moderately dense simple or stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous
towards base; abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse simple and stellate indumentum.
Antesepalous filaments 1.5-2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm;
antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty, anther-apiculum
minute to large, erect. Style hirsute at base or for full length. Cocci 5-6 mm long, 3-3.5
mm wide, with a sparse indumentum. Seeds black, rarely mottled, 4.5-5 mm long, 2-3
mm wide.

Additional specimens examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA, KIMBERLEY REGION; SE
Kimberley, Winnama Spring c. 17.5 km S of Turkey Ck, 17°1 1’S 128°15’E, J.H. Willis, 15.V.1984
(CANB, MEL, PERTH); Escarpment edge, S side of Winnama Gorge, 17°11’S 128°15’E, M.F.
Duretto 505-509 and G. Howell, 25.vi.1993 (MFD505: DNA, MEL, PERTH; MFD506: MEL;
MFD507, 509: CANB, DNA, MEL, NSW, PERTH; MFD508: DNA, MEL); NORTHERN
TERRITORY, VICTORIA RIVER REGION: Gregory N.P., 16°29’S 130°28’E, D.L Napier 7,
12.x. 1997 (DNA).

Notes: Boronia jucunda differs from B. tolerans and B. decumbens by always being
trifoliolate and by having obviously glandular stems.

The collection from Gregory N.P. in the Northern Territory {Napier 7, DNA) differs
from the Winnama population in its glabrescent stems and smaller floral parts: the sepals
are 3-3.5 mm long (as apposed to 4—6 mm long) and the petals are 2-2.5 mm long (as
apposed to 3.5^ mm long). Further surveys are required to ascertain if these differences
warrant taxonomic recognition.

Distribution and ecology: When Duretto (1997) described B. jucunda it was then
known only from the edge of Winnama Gorge (south-east Kimberley Region, Western
Australia). There it grows on small, quartzite outcrops in open eucalypt woodland that
has an understorey of Triodea spp. Recently, B. jucunda was collected c. 250 km east-
north-east of Winnama Gorge in Gregory N.P. (Northern Territory) where it was growing
on a sandstone range (collectors notes). Flowering and fruiting material has been
collected in May, June and October.

Conservation status: A ROTAP code of 2R was applied to B. jucunda by Duretto
(1997) but with the recent, disjunct collection of the species in Gregory N.P. a ROTAP
code of 3RC- is more appropriate.

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae subser. 3. Filicifoliae
Duretto, subser. nov. Indumentum sparsum ad moderatum ubique. Anthopodium
longum. Semina maculosa. Sp. typica: B. filicifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth.

Erect shrubs, glabrous or with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum on the
branches, leaves, inflorescence parts and the abaxial surface of the perianth. Branch hair
distribution even or concentrated in areas below leaf base. Leaves imparipinnate or
simple (B. pauciflora), ± sessile, with 1-51 leaflets; rachis segments triangular or
elliptical; leaflets rhombic to elliptical, dorsiventral, the margins plane to recurved, the
midrib raised on the abaxial surface if only slightly, usually impressed on the adaxial
surface. Peduncle absent; prophylls to 1 mm long; metaxyphylls absent or minute. Sepals
as large or larger than petals or rarely smaller {B. filicifolia). Cocci glabrous or with a
sparse indumentum. Seeds mottled.

Boronia sect. Valvatae

A subseries of four species endemic to the Kimberley Region of Western Australia (Fig.
1 8), that is characterised by a sparse to moderately dense indumentum, long anthopodia
and mottled seeds.

60. Boronia pauciflora W. Fitzg., J. Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 158 (1918).
Type: Mount Broome, 1000 feet above the base, 17°21’0”S 125°22’42”E, W.V.
Fitzgerald 825, v.1905 (lectotype (Duretto 1997): PERTH 1099701; isolectotypes K
n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041221, PERTH; photograph AD 99548129), NSW).

Illustration: J.R. Wheeler, FI. Kimberley Region, 669, Fig. 206 C (1992).

Erect, much branched shrub to 60 cm high. Multiangular stellate hairs with 2-8 rays; rays

0. 1-0.2 mm long. Branches quadrangular, slightly glandular, with a sparse (sometimes
moderately dense) stellate indumentum, the hairs mainly between the decurrent leaf
bases, becoming glabrous as they age. Leaves simple and petiolate at maturity, juvenile
leaves sessile and trifoliolate and produced for very few nodes; petiole 0.5-7 mm long,
not winged; leaflets pwtiolate, petiolule 1-2 mm long; leaves or leaflets elliptical to
lanceolate, acute, attenuate, glabrescent with a few scattered stellate and simple hairs,
mainly on the midrib; the midrib raised on the abaxial surface, with or without secondary
thickening in the cells between midvein and epidermis; simple leaves and terminal leaflet
12-80 mm long, 2-12 mm wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets 7-13 mm long, 2-4
mm wide. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered, glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum;
prophylls minute-minutely unifoliolate, to 1 mm long; metaxyphylls absent or to 0.5 mm
long; anthopodium 4—22 mm long. Sepals white to pink, c. same size as petals, ovate-
deltate, acute to acuminate, 2.5-4.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, enlarging to 4.5-5 mm long
as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple indumentum becoming glabrous
towards base; abaxial surface glabrous to glabrescent. Petals white to pink, 2^.5 mm
long, 1-1.5 mm wide, scarcely enlarging as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse
to moderately dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base; abaxial
surface with a sparse stellate indumentum. Filaments pilose below glandular tip;
antesepalous filaments c. 2 mm long, the distal 1-1.5 mm prominently glandular;
antepetalous filaments c. 1.5 mm long; abaxial surface of anther not or slightly frosty;
anther-apiculum absent, glabrous. Style hirsute for full length. Cocci 5—6 mm long, 2-2.5
mm wide, glabrous. Seeds 4-4.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide.

Additional specimens examined: WESTERN AUSTRALIA; KIMBERLEY REGION; Bold
Bluff, King Leopold Ra., 17°16’S 125°15’E, N. Byrnes 2260, 25.V.1971 (CANB, DNA, PERTH);
Leopold Ra., towards base of Bold Bluff, 17°17’S 125°25’E, D.E. Symon 7037, 26.V.1971 (MEL,
PERTH); Foot of Bold Bluff, C.H. Gittens 1443, vii.1967 (NSW); Edkins Ra., c. 132 km from
‘Mount Elizabeth’ homestead along the Walcott inlet track, 16°02’S 125°28’E, I.R. Telford 11627,

1. V.1992 (PERTH); c. 10km NEofPrince Regent R. mouth, 15°26’S 125°10’E, Craven9212,
J. McD. Stewart and C.L. Brubaker, 27. v. 1993 (CANB, DNA, E, L, MEL, PERTH).

Notes: The Prince Regent River material differs from the King Leopold and that from
the Edkins Ranges in having a greater hair density on the branches, longer anthopodia (on
average), less acuminate sepals, and less hirsute staminal filaments. As the Prince Regent
River collections are of seedlings, it is not known wether these differences are taxonomic
or ontogenetic (Duretto 1997). The taxon referred to as B. ? pauciflora by Forbes and
Kenneally (1986) and Menkhorst and Cowie (1992) is B. jucunda. Boronia pauciflora
can be distinguished from the other Boronia species found in the Kimberley region by its
simple, glabrescent, adult leaves.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia pauciflora is found in the King Leopold and Edkins
Ranges, and from the Prince Regent River area, western Kimberley Region, Western

M.F. Duretto

1 12

Australia. It grows in rocky (sandstones and quartzites) areas with spinifex {Triodea spp.)
Flowering and fruiting; May-July.

Conservation status: Boronia pauciflora was given a ROTAP code of 3K Briggs and
Leigh (1996) and a Priority Three rating, following the Western Australian Department
of Conservation and Land Management for Western Australian taxa, by Hopper et al
(1990).

61. Boronia kalumburuensis Duretto, Nuytsia 11: 334 (1997), figs 10 P-S. Type:
Outcropping sandstone immediately N of Kalumburu airstrip, I4°17’S 126°37’E,
E D. Edwards LAC9247, 22.V.1993 (holotype CANB 463023\ isotypes DNA, MEL
234516, PERTH).

Erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm high, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum on the branches and leaves. Multiangular stellate hairs with 4-10 rays; rays
to 0.5 mm long. Branches slightly quadrangular but becoming terete and glabrous as they
age. Leaves 8^0 mm long, 4-14 mm wide in outline, with 15-27 leaflets, leaflets
number gradually increasing along axillary branches, the younger distal leaves not
becoming unifoliolate; rachis segments 0.5-1.5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, winged,
wedge shaped with the distal end wider; petiole 1-2 mm long, not winged; leaflets
subsessile, elliptic to lanceolate, acute; terminal leaflet lanceolate, 3-11 mm long, 1-3
mm wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets elliptic, 1-9 mm long, 0.5-2.5 mm wide.
Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered; anthopodium with a sparse to dense, stellate indumentum,
7-24 mm long. Sepals white to pink, longer and wider than petals, ovate-deltate, acute to
acuminate, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, enlarging to 5-6 mm long as fruit matures;
adaxial surface with a moderately dense stellate indumentum, sometimes along the
margins only; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate indumentum. Petals white to pink,
2.5^ mm long, 1-2 mm wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a sparse simple and stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous towards base;
abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum. Filaments bearing stiff
stellate and some simple hairs below glandular tip; antesepalous filaments c. 1.5 mm
long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5-1 mm; antepetalous filaments c. 1 mm long;
abaxial surface of antber not frosty; anther-apiculum absent or present, minute or large
and erect, sometimes with few stiff simple hairs. Style hirsute at base or for full length.
Cocci 5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, glabrescent or with a sparse stellate indumentum.
Seeds c. 4.5 mm long, c. 2.5 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of seven collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; KIMBERLEY
REGION; c. 10 km N of Kalumbum Mission, 14°I US 126°40’E, P.A. Fryxell and LA. Craven
4131, 14. v. 1983 (CANB, DNA, MEL, PERTH); quartzite outcrop between Kalumburu Mission and
Longini Landing, 14°16’S 126°37’E, D.E. Symon 10184, 26.V.1975 (AD, CANB, PERTH); 4 km
N Kalumburu, 14°17’S 1 26°37’E, A.S. George 15199, 24. vi. 1978 (CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH);
Theda Station near Homestead on banks of Morgan R., 14°49’S 126°43’E, P.A. Fryxell, LA.
Craven and J. McD.Stewart 4858, 18.vi.l985 (CANB, MEL, PERTH).

Notes: Boronia kalumburuensis differs from B. filicifolia and B. minutipinna by a
smaller number of leaflets and hirsute cocci. This last feature also distinguishes it from
B. pauciflora. Boronia kalumburuensis can be distinguished from B. wilsonii (with which
it is sympatric) by its sparse to moderately dense indumentum, much longer anthopodia,
and smaller and less hirsute flowers.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia kalumburuensis is found in the Kalumburu area and
south to Theda Station, north Kimberley Region, Western Australia (Fig. 18), where it
grows mainly on sandstones and quartzites. Flowering and fruiting: May-July.

Conservation status: 2RC- (Duretto 1997).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

113

62. Boronia filicifolia A. Cunn. ex Benth., FI. austral. 1:311 (1863). Type: Montague
and York Sounds, N.W. Australia, A. Cunningham 220, third voyage of the
‘Mermaid’, 1820 (lectotype (Duretto 1997): K n.v. (cibachrome MEL 2041207,
photograph AD 99537201)-, isolectotype BM n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041235,
PERTH)); York Sound, N.W. Australia, A. Cunningham 219, third voyage of the
‘Mermaid’, 1820 (residual syntype BM n.v. (transparencies MEL 2041244)).

Illustration: J.R. Wheeler, FI. Kimberley Region, 669, Figs 206 A 1 and A2 (1992).

Erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm high, with a sparse to moderately dense stellate
indumentum. Multiangular stellate hairs with 2-10 rays; rays to 0.25 mm long. Branches
quadrangular, becoming terete and glabrous as they age. Leaves (7-1 1-)30-75 mm long,
(3-)6-12 mm wide in outline, opposite decussate to subopposite, with (5-) 15-55 leaflets,
leaflets number gradually increasing along axillary branches, the younger distal leaves
not becoming unifoliolate; petiole absent or to 2 mm long, not winged; rachis segments
(0.5-)2-7 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, winged, the distal end wider; leaflets acute,
petiolule absent or to 1 mm long; terminal leaflet lanceolate, (1.5-)3-8 mm long, 1-5 mm
wide, longer than laterals; lateral leaflets elliptic to rhombic, 0.5-5(-7) mm long, 0.5-3
mm wide. Inflorescence l(-3)-flowered; prophylls minute; metaxyphylls absent or
minute; anthopodium glabrous or with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum,
(2-)6-22 mm long. Sepals white to pink, c. equal in size to or rarely smaller (Port
Warrenda, Keneally 7763) than petals, ovate-deltate, acute, 2-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm
wide, not enlarging significantly as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a moderately dense
stellate indumentum; abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum.
Petals white to pink, 2.5-3. 5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, enlarging to 4 mm long as fruit
matures; adaxial surface with a dense, stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous towards
base; abaxial surface glabrous or with a sparse stellate indumentum. Filaments bearing
stiff bifid and some simple hairs below glandular tip; antesepalous filaments c. 1 .5 mm
long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; abaxial surface of anther not or slightly
frosty, glabrous; anther-apiculum absent or present, minute or large and erect, glabrous
or bearing few simple erect hairs. Style hirsute for full length. Cocci c. 5 mm long, 2-2.5
mm wide, glabrous to glabrescent. Seed c. 4 mm long, c. 2 mm wide.

Selected specimens examined (of eight collections): WESTERN AUSTRALIA; KIMBERLEY
REGION: E side of MindjauCk, Port Warrender, Admiralty Gulf, 14°40’S 125°56’E, K.f; Keneally
7763, 16.1.1982 (CANB, PERTH); along Mitchell R. S of Mitchell Plateau [I4°47’S 125°44’E],
P.A. Fryxell, LA. Craven and J. McD.Stewart 4735, 10.vi.l985 (CANB, MEL, PERTH); 6 km W
of Mitchell R. Falls, 14°49’20”S 125°38’30”E, /. Cowie 4346 and C. Brubaker, 29.iv.1993 (CANB,
PERTH); Mitchell R. Falls, Mitchell Plateau, N Kimberley, I4°49’20”S 125°4r40”E, K.F.
Kenneally 7903, 22.1.1982 (CANB, PERTH); Mitchell R., 14°50’S I25°42’E, C.R. Dunlop 5262,
22. ii. 1980 (CANB, DNA, NSW, PERTH); Porosus Ck above confluence of fresh and salt water.
Hunter R., 14°57’S 125°24’E, K.F. Kenneally 11191, 2.vi.l992 (PERTH); 300 m upstream of
junction of tidal and fresh water interface, 14°59’09”S 125°29’I4”E, A.A. Mitchell and T. Willing
2418, 10.iv.l992 (PERTH).

Notes: As noted by Wheeler (1992) and Duretto (1997) the collections from Port
Warrender have smaller sepals and narrower leaflets than typical B. filicifolia and require
further investigation. Boronia filicifolia differs from B. minutipinna by larger and more
numerous leaflets, longer anthopodia and fewer hairs on the abaxial leaf-surface; from B.
kalumburuensis by leaves with a larger number of leaflets and glabrous to glabrescent
cocci; and from B. pauciflora by having leaves with more than five leaflets.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia filicifolia occurs in the catchment area of the
Mitchell River, and in the Port Warrender area, western Kimberley Region, Western

114

M.F. Duretto

Australia (Fig. 18). It is found in heath and opten woodland on sandstones and quartzites.
Flowering: January-June; fruiting: June-July.

Conservation status: 2R (Duretto 1997).

63. Boronia minutipinna Duretto, Nuytsia 1 1: 335 (1997), figs 10 T-X. Type: Osmond
Plateau, WA, 17°16’S 128°22’E, I. Cowie 1991, 19.vii.l991 (holotype CANB
412831-, isotypes DNA 59392, MEL 229246, PERTH 1881515).

Erect, much branched shrub to 50 cm high. Multiangular stellate hairs with 6-15 rays;
rays 0. l-0.25(-0.5) mm long. Branches slightly quadrangular, becoming terete as they
age, with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous as they
age. Leaves sessile, 5-34 mm long, 2-4 mm wide in outline, with 17-35 leaflets, leaflets
number gradually increasing along axillary branches, the younger distal leaves not
becoming unifoliolate; rachis segments winged, elliptical, 0.5-12 mm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm
wide; leaflets with a petiolule c. 0.5 mm long, acute, adaxial surface with a moderately
dense stellate indumentum, abaxial surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate
indumentum; terminal leaflet lanceolate to elliptic, longer than but the same width as
laterals, 1-2 mm long, midvein straight, 0.5-1. 5 mm wide; lateral leaflets rhombic,
overlapping, 0.5-1.5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide. Inflorescence I -flowered, with a
moderately dense stellate indumentum; anthopodium 1-6 mm long. Sepals white to pink,
longer and wider than petals, debate, acute, 3^ mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, enlarging to

3.5- 5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial surface with a sparse simple and stellate
indumentum; abaxial surface with a sparse stellate indumentum. Petals white to pink,

2.5- 3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, enlarging to 4-4.5 mm long as fruit matures; adaxial
surface with a moderately dense to dense stellate indumentum, becoming glabrous
towards base; abaxial surface with a sparse to moderately dense stellate indumentum.
Filaments bearing stiff bifid or stellate hairs below glandular tip; antesepalous filaments

1.5- 2 mm long, prominently glandular on the distal 0.5 mm; antepetalous filaments c. 1
mm long; abaxial surface of anther not frosty; anther-apiculum minute or large and erect,
glabrous. Style glabrous or hirsute at base. Cocci (mature not seen) c. 6 mm long, c. 2.5
mm wide, with a moderately dense stellate and simple indumentum. Seed not seen.

Specimen seen: Known from the type material only.

Notes: Boronia minutipinna differs from B. filicifolia by its smaller and fewer leaflets
that have a moderately dense to dense indumentum on the abaxial surface, smaller
anthopodia (5—6 mm long), and perianth parts with a sparse indumentum.

Distribution and ecology: Boronia minutipinna has been collected once on the Osmond
Plateau, south-east Kimberley Region, Western Australia (Fig. 18). It was found growing
in sand amongst boulders (collectors’ notes). Flowering and fruiting material was
collected in July.

Conservation status: IK (Duretto 1997).

Nomen dubium

Boronia ledifolia var. denticulata F. Muell. ex C. Moore & Betche, Handbook Flora
New South Wales: 41 (1893). Type citation: “Calgoa, Hickey" (syntype MEL?, n.v.).
nomen dubium

Boronia ledifolia var. denticulata was published by Moore and Betche ( 1 893) who cite
the locality ‘Cobar’ (which is located at 28°33’S 151°59’E, NSW) but no collector.
Maiden and Betche (1916) cite two references for this taxon in their New South Wales
census: Mueller, 1890, p. 16; and Moore and Betche, 1893, p. 41. Mueller (1890) does
not describe B. ledifolia var. denticulata but lists three specimens of B. ledifolia that had
come to his attention:

Boronia sect. Valvatae

1 15

“B. ledifolia, Clyde (Baeuerlen), the variety Triphylla; Culgoa (Hickey), a var. with

somewhat denticulated leaflets; Cobar (H. Andrae).”

From the above references a number of important points can be made: firstly, it would
appear that the correct authority for B. ledifolia var. denticulata is F. Muell. ex C. Moore
& Betche (Cheel, 1928, p. 411, says that Moore and Betche implied the taxon from
Mueller); secondly, it is not the Cobar specimen that has denticulate leaflets, but the
Hickey collection from Culgoa; and thirdly, Mueller says that the Culgoa specimen has
leaflets.

Maiden and Betche (1916) state that specimens of B. ledifolia var. denticulata were in
Mueller’s Herbarium (MEL). It is conceivable that Moore and Betche did not actually see
these specimens, but described this taxon to complete their Handbook. A Cobar specimen
has been located at MEL (Cobar, Lachlan River, Hans Andrae) that has simple leaves
with smooth margins. This specimen can be assigned to B. glabra, or more accurately to
the hirsute ‘Pilliga’ form of B. glabra (see above).

Culgoa (northern NSW) is far removed from areas where members of Boronia sect.
Valvatae have been collected. The closest collections to this area can be assigned to B.
glabra and are c. 60 or 70 km to the east. Boronia glabra has smooth margins. No Culgoa
collections by Hickey (or anyone else) have been located in the holdings of Boronia at
MEL. Edwin Hickey is known to have collected in the Maryland/Stanthorpe area on the
NSW/Queensland border (card catalogue of collectors, MEL). Cheel (1928) suspected
that B. ledifolia var. denticulata was a form of B. repanda. There are collections of B.
repanda by Hickey at MEL but this species has simple leaves with glandular margins (see
above). As it is not known which specimens, if any, B. ledifolia var. denticulata was based
on, the name would best be treated as a nomen dubium.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Prof. P.Y. Ladiges for her support and advice; Prof J. Ross for
making space available at MEL for loan material and for advice on nomenclature; the
directors and curators of the various herbaria that loaned material; Dr P. Weston for
photographing specimens at K and BM while acting as the Australian Botanical Liaison
Officer at K and comments on the manuscript; Dr J. Grimes and Dr M Bayly for useful
comments on the manuscript; Dr M. Crisp and Dr T. Whiffin for useful comments on the
PhD thesis that preceded this publication; Mr N. Walsh for completing the Latin
diagnoses; Ms J. Carpenter for advice on SEM and anatomical techniques; and the
numerous people who helped with field work. This project was funded by the Australian
Biological Resources Study (grant Ref. N°. 91/0228).

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122

M.F. Duretto

New names published herein:

Boronia sect Alatae Duretto
Boronia sect. Algidae Duretto
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Bowmaniae Duretto
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae Duretto
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae ser. Quadrilatae Duretto
Boronia sect Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae ser. Grandisepalae subser. Verecundae
Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae Duretto
Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae Duretto subser.
Jucundae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Grandisepalae ser. Lanuginosae Duretto subser.
Filicifoliae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Ternatae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsect. Ternatae ser. Ericifoliae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Valvatae ser. Erianthae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Valvatae ser.Fraseriae Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae subsecL Valvatae ser.Rupicolae Duretto

Boronia angustisepala Duretto

Boronia anomala Duretto

Boronia ternata var. promiscua Duretto

Boronia ternata var. austrofoliosa Duretto

Boronia sect. Valvatae

123

Table 1. Infrageneric classification of Boronia section Valvatae sensu lato in phyletic
sequence (except taxa of subsection Valvatae). Numbering corresponds to taxa
numbering in text. Authorities of all taxa given in text.

Section \.Alatae

Section 2. Algidae
Section 3. Valvatae

1 . B. alata

2. B. algida, 3. B. edwardsii, 4. B. corynophylla

5. B. anomala subsect, incertae sedis
Subsection I. Tematae

Series 1. Tematae

6. B. temata, 7. B. adamsiana
Series 2. Ericifoliae

8. B. ericifolia, 9. B. revoluta
Subsection 2. Bowmaniae

1 0. B. bowmanii, 1 1 . B. squamipetala
Subsection 3. Valvatae

Series 1. Erianthae (sedis mutabilis)

12. B. rubiginosa, 13. B. eriantha, 14. B. warrumbunglensis,
15. B. aff. granitica (Bolivia Hill), 16. B. granitica,

17. B. re panda

Series 2. Erase riae (sedis mutabilis)

18. B. fraseri, 19. B. keysii
Series 3. Rupicolae (sedis mutabilis)

20. B. rupicola

Series 4. Valvatae (sedis mutabilis)

21. B. ledifolia sp. group incertae sedis

22. B. chartacea sp. group insertae sedis
The B. alulata species group (sedis mutabilis)

23. B. angustisepala., 24. B. umbellata, 25. B. mollis,
26. B. amabilis, 27. B. obovata, 28. B. alulata, 29.
B. quinkxmensis, 30. B. hoipolloi

The B. lanceolata species group (sedis mutabilis)

31. B. duiganiae, 32. B. odorata, 33. B. lanceolata
The B. rosmarinifolia species group (sedis mutabilis)

34. B. rosmarinifolia, 35. B. splendida, 36. B. palasepala,
37. B. forsteri, 38. B. glabra
The B. foetida species group (sedis mutabilis)

39. B. jensziae, 40. B. excelsa, 41 . B. foetida, 42. B. bella
Subsection 4. Grandisepalae

Series 1. Quadrilatae

43. B. quadrilata, 44. B. viridiflora
Series 2. Grandisepalae
Subseries 1. Verecundae

45. B. verecunda, 46. B. xanthastrum
Subseries 2. Grandisepalae

47. B. suberosa, 48. B. grandisepala, 49. B. /axa,
50. B. aff. laxa 1 , 51. B. aff. /ara 2, 52. B. prolixa,
53. B. aff. prolixa, 54. B. amplectens

124

M.F. Duretto

Series 3. Lanuginosae

Subseries 1 . Lanuginosae

55. B. lanuginosa, 56. B. wilsonii
Subseries 2. Jucundae

57. B. decumbens, 58. B. tolerans, 59. B. jucunda
Subseries 3. Filicifoliae

60. B. pauciflora, 61. fi. kalumburensis, 62. B. minutipinna,
63. B. filicifolia

Boronia sect. Valvatae

125

Appendix 1. Voucher specimens for leaf anatomical data. Principle collector given only.
All vouchers logged at MEL unless otherwise stated. An indicates that material was
removed from a herbarium sheet and rehydrated. All other material was removed from
pickled collections.

B. adamsiana (Duretto 172, Smith 597 [MEL 678905]*)

B. alata {Duretto 247)

B. algida {Duretto 7)

B. alulata {Duretto 395, 399)

B. amabilis {Duretto 58, 353)

B. angustisepala {Williams, 8.x. 1988 [NSW 238425]*)

B. anomala {Harwood 169 [MEL 2044558]* )

B. bella {Duretto 269)

B. bowmanii {Duretto 400)

B. chartacea {Duretto 107)

B. decumbens {Duretto 474, 548b, Clark 835 [DNA 9000121]*)

B. duiganiae {Duretto 320)

B. edwardsii {Duretto 125)

B. ericifolia {Duretto 154)

B. eriantha {Duretto 369)

B. excelsa {Forster 17248)

B.filicifolia {Fryxell 4735 [CANB 377231]*)

B. foetida {Duretto 263)

B. forsteri {Forster 11429)

B.fraseri {Blakely & Shiress, x.1924 MELU*)

B. glabra {Duretto 79, 330, 331)

B. grandisepala subsp. acanthophida {Duretto 459)

B. grandisepala subsp. grandisepala {Duretto 483, 527, Chappill 4756, Russell-Smith
7478 [DNA 48654]*)

B. granitica {Duretto 350)

B. hoipolloi {Clarkson 10473)

B. jensziae {Duretto 409)

B. jucunda {Duretto 509, Chesterfield 214 [MEL 1534494]*)

B. kalumburuensis {Edwards 9247 [CANB 463023]*)

B. keysii {Duretto 369)

B. lanceolata {Duretto 533, Chappill 4835)

B. lanuginosa {Duretto 424, 441, 445, 448, 454, 479, 480, 491, 500 501 503 504
Dunlop 8216 [Dn A 42766]*) , , , ,

B. laxa {Duretto 445)

B. ledifolia (Carpenter 1005, Duretto 87)

B. minutipinna {Cowie 1911 [MEL 229246]*)

B. mollis {Duretto 62)

B. obovata {Duretto 301, 302)

B. odorata {Duretto 282, 289)

B. palasepala {Duretto 279)

B. pauciflora {Byrnes 2260 [DNA 3625]*, Craven 9212 [CANB 461131]*)

B. prolixa {Craven 5957 [CANB 313892]*, Russell-Smith 1098 [DNA 23816]*)

B. aff. prolixa {Hartley 13722 [CANB 245049]*)

B. quadrilata {Brennan 1567*)

B. quinkanensis {Duretto 385, Clarkson 9619)

B. repanda {Duretto 345)

B. revoluta {Duretto 210)

126

M.F. Duretto

B. rosmarinifoUa {Duretto 102, 257)

B. ruhiginosa (Albrecht 5359 [MEL 2017219]*)

B. rupicola (Brennan 2356, Hartley 13819 [CANB 245052]*, Craven 6646 [CANB
338121 & 338122]*}

B. splendida (Duretto 337)

B. squamipetala (Clarkson 10112)

B. suberosa (Craven 5947 [CANB 313890]*)

B. ternata van elongata (Duretto 198)

B. ternata var.foliosa (Duretto 167)

B. ternata van glabrifolia (Wilson 10154 [AD 97404332]*)

B. ternata van promiscua (Duretto 223)

B. ternata van ternata (Duretto 186, 190)

B. tolerans (Duretto 516)

B. tolerans X B. lanuginosa (Duretto 526)

B. umbellata (A. Specht [NSW 233758]*)

B. verecunda (Dunlop 8611 [DNA 47561]*)

B. viridiflora (Duretto 420)

B. warrumbunglensis (Duretto 72)

B. wilsonii (Wolfe 227 [CANB 239629]*)

B. xanthastrum (Duretto 468, 543, 544, 549).

Boronia sect. Valvatae

127

Index

Bold page numbers are accepted names. Italic page numbers for nomium duhium,
synonyms and basonymes. Roman page numbers for incidental mentions.

Adaluma urumelia 22

Alpine Boronia 17

Andy Jensz’s Boronia 86

Bala-bal-balgal 71,72

Barbalin Boronia 34

Blotched Boronia 83

Bolivia Hill Boronia 48

Border Boronia 50

Boronella Boronia.. 1, 2, 3, 15, 20, 22-24, 59, 73, 84, 91, 111

Boronia sect. Alatae 4, 13, 18, 23

Boronia sect. Algidae 4, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23

Boronia sect. Boronia 2, 23, 31

Boronia sect. Cyanothamnus 2, 23

Boronia sect. Imbricatae 2, 23

Boronia sect. Valvatae 1, 2, 4, 18,20, 21, 22-25, 30, 50, 51, 60, 61, 63, 86

Boronia sect. Valvoboronia 21

Boronia sen Erianthae 42, 56

Boronia sen Ericifoliae 27, 34

Boronia sen Fraseriae , 42, 51

Boronia sen Grandisepalae 2, 88, 92

Boronia sen Lanuginosae 2, 102

Boronia sen Pinnatae 2

Boronia sen Quadrilatae 89, 90

Boronia sen Rupicolae 54, 55

Boronia sen Ternatae 24, 27

Boronia sen Valvatae 2, 21, 40, 56, 61

Boronia subsect. Bowmaniae 24, 37, 39

Boronia subsect. Grandisepalae 22, 24, 88

Boronia subsect. Ternatae 24, 33

Boronia subsect. Valvatae 4, 24, 40, 41, 46, 56

Boronia subg. Robonia 27

Boronia subser. Filicifoliae 107, 110

Boronia subser. Grandisepalae 89, 92, 95, 102

Boronia subser. Jucundae 107

Boronia subser. Lanuginosae 103

Boronia subser. Verecundae 88, 89, 92

Boronial paradoxa 56

Boronia ? pauciflora 109, 1 1 1

Boran/a A44419 (Nabarlek) 54

Boronia adamsiana 24, 25, 27, 33, 34

Boronia aff. alulata (NW Qld, Clarkson 10473) 75

Boronia aff. granitica (Bolivia Hill) 42, 47, 49

Boronia aff. laxa 1 (Northern Plateau, Arnhem Land) 92, 95, 99, 100

Boronia aff. laxa 2 (Nabarlek, Arnhem Land) 92, 95, 99, 100

Boronia aff. prolixa (Red Lily Lagoon, Arnhem Land) 92, 95, 101, 102

Boronia qffinis JQ 4

Boronia alata 2, 13, 14, 15, 18

van bipinnata 74,15

128

M.F. Duretto

Boronia algida

Boronia alulata

Boronia alulata species-group

Boronia amabilis

Boronia amplectens

Boronia anemonifolia

Boronia angustisepala

Boronia anomala

Boronia artemisiifolia

var. wilsonii

Boronia artemisioides

Boronia bella

Boronia boliviensis m.s

Boronia bowmanii

Boronia calophylla

Boronia candollii

Boronia chartacea

Boronia corynophylla

Boronia crassipes

Boronia D60356 Magela

Boronia D6347 Kakadu

Boronia D6852 Jabiru

Boronia decumbens

Boronia DNA 17279 (Radon Gorge) ....

Boronia duiganiae

Boronia edwardsii

Boronia eriantha

Boronia ericifolia

Boronia excelsa

Boronia filicifolia

Boronia foetida

Boronia foetida species-group

Boronia foliosa

Boronia forsteri

Boronia fraseri

Boronia glabra

Boronia grandisepala

subsp. acanthophida

subsp. grandisepala

Boronia grandisepala (Craven 2423)

Boronia granitica

Boronia hoipolloi

Boronia inconspicua

Boronia jensziae

Boronia jucunda

Boronia kalumburuensis

Boronia keysii

Boronia lanceolata

Boronia lanceolata species-group

Boronia lanuginosa

Boronia lanuginosa X Boronia tolerans

2, 16, 17, 18, 20

23, 41, 56, 65, 70, 71, 72, 74

63, 65, 66, 70

49, 63-65, 68, 69

92, 95,99, 101, 102

5/, 52

21, 44, 60, 63, 64-66, 68, 69

4, 18,21,22, 23, 24

/04, 105

106

' 103

22, 85, 86, 87, 88

47

37, 38-40, 46

30

M

56, 61, 62, 63, 80

18, 20, 21

31

90

93

95

107, 108, 109, 1 10

54

23, 41, 62, 70, 74, 75-78

2, 4, 18, 20

21-23, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49

27, 33, 34, 35, 36

85, 86, 87

22, 89, 107, no, 112, 113, 114

23, 85, 86, 87, 88

61, 84, 85

30, 31

79, 80, 82, 83

23,41,42, 44,51,52, 53, 68

22, 47, 56, 62, 79, 80, 83, 84, 1 15

88, 89, 96, 97, 101

92,97, 98, 100

89, 92, 97, 98, 100

98

23, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 69

41, 56, 65, 71, 73, 74

2

85, 86

89, 107, 108, 109, no. Ill

22, 107, 108, 112, 113

23, 42, 52, 53, 68

22, 23, 25,41,56, 75, 77, 78

74, 75

73, 74, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109
105, 109

Boronia sect. Valvatae

129

Boronia laxa 92, 98, 99-101

Boronia ledifolia 21, 23, 49, 50, 52, 56, 57, 59-65, 68-71, 1 14

var. ? rubiginosa 43

var. ? triphylla 57

var. denticulata 1 14, 115

var. glabra 83

var. normalis 57

var. pinnata 57, 60

var. repanda 49, 50

var. rosmarinifolia 60, 79

Boronia ledifolia group 2, 50

Boronia ledophyllae 57, 59, 60

Boronia minutipinna 107, 112, 113, 114

Boronia mollis 52, 56, 53, 65, 66 , 67, 68

Boronia obovata 22, 23, 65, 69, 70

Boronia odorata 22, 23, 62, 75, 76, 77, 78

Boronia palasepala 79, 80, 81, 82

Boronial paradoxa 56

Boronia pauciflora 89, 102, 103, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113

Boronia ? pauciflora 109, 1 1 1

Boronia pinnata 3

Boronia platyrrachis 37, 38

Boronia prolixa 92, 99, 100, 101

Boronia quadrilata 89, 90, 91

Boronia quinkanensis 23, 41, 65, 71, 72, 13-1 A

Boronia ramosa 3

Boronia repanda 21, 42, 48, 49, 50, 51, 69, 1 15

var alba 50

Boronia revoluta 27, 33, 36

Boronia rosmarinifolia 23, 60, 63, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87

var. albiflora 58, 60

Boronia rosmarinifolia species-group 78, 82

Boronia rubiginosa 42, 43, 44, 47-49, 63, 66

Boronia rupicola 23, 41, 54, 55, 56, 91

Boronia ruppii 43, 44

Boronia scabra var. attenuata 3

Boronia serrulata 60

Boronia sp. sensu Williams (1984, p. 58) 85

Boronia sp.l (Hinchinbrook Island; S.L. Everist 7786) 85

Boronia sp. 1 (Lazarides 9004) 95

Boronia sp. 2 (Craven 5957) ]Q0

Boronia sp. 3 (Craven 5715) 98

Boronia sp.3 (Massey Creek, Rocky River; R. Coveny 7174) 40

Boronia sp. 4 (Craven 6226) 94

Boronia sp.4 (Mt Mulligan) 72

Boronia sp.5 (Nabarlek) 54

Boronia sp .6 (Radon Gorge) 54

Boronia sp.7 (Magela Creek) 90

Boronia sp .8 (Jabiru) 95

Boronia sp.9 (Kakadu) 93

Boronia sp. A 799

130

M.F. Duretto

Boronia sp. aff. rosmarinifolia A. Cunn. (Constable 66836 NSW) 62

Boronia sp. B (aff. rosmarinifolia) 83, 84

Boronia sp. C (aff. rosmarinifolia) 62

Boronia sp. D (aff. rubiginosa) 63, 64

Boronia sp. E (aff. mollis) 65

Boronia sp. F (aff. ruppii) 43

Boronia sp. G (aff. granitica) 46

Boronia sp. ‘Hinchinbrook Is.’ 85

Boronia sp. (Hinchinbrook Is. S.L. Everist 7786) 85

Boronia sp. J (Bolivia Hill) 47, 48

Boronia sp. J {boliviensis m.s.) 47

Boronia sp. “Jedda Creek” (J.R. Clarkson 3712) 72

Boronia sp. (Many Peaks Range I.R. Telford CBG 7702560) 87

Boronia sp. (Massey Creek R.G. Coveny+ 7 1 74) 40

Boronia sp. “Massy Creek, Rocky River” (R. Coveny 7174) 39

Boronia sp. “Mt Mulligan” (J.R. Clarkson 5769) 72

Boronia sp. (Mt Mulligan, J.R. Clarkson 5301) 72

Boronia sp. (Mt Walsh P.I. Forster+ PIF17253) 87

Boronia sp. (Mt Windsor Tableland P.I. Forster+ PIF15225) 86

Boronia sp. (Robinson Gorge P.I. Forster+ PIFl 1235) 82

Boronia sp. Telford CBG 7702560 87

Boronia splendida 23, 79, 80, 81

Boronia squamipetala 39, 40

Boronia suberosa 21, 56, 89, 91, 95, 96

Boronia ternata 24, 25, 31, 34

var. austrofoliosa 27, 32, 33

var. elongata 27, 28, 29, 32

var. foliosa 27-29, 30, 32, 33

\ai.foliosa sensu Corrick and Fuhrer (1996, p. 192) 32

var. glabrifolia 27, 29, 30

Vcir. promiscua 27, 28, 33

var. temata 26, 27, 28, 33

Boronia tolerans 107, 108, 109, 1 10

Boronia tolerans X Boronia lanuginosa 105, 109

Boronia triphylla -57, 70

var. flore-plena -5^’ 00

var. latifolia

Boronia umbellata 21, 63, 65, 66, 68

Boronia verecunda ^9, 93, 94, 95

Boronia vilhelmii

Boronia viridiflora 21, 56, 89, 91, 92

Boronia warrumbunglensis 42, 44, 46, 47-49

Boronia whitei 07, 60

Boronia wilsonii 22, 103, 106, 107, 1 12

Boronia xanthastrum 89, 94, 95

Boronieae ^

Brombya ^

Cyanothamnus ^

Csanothamnus ramosus 3

Engbajengbaja 104, 105

Eriostemon paradoxa 06, 60

Boronia sect. Valvatae

131

Euodia 2

Forest Boronia 80

Fraser’s Boronia 52

Geleznowia verrucosa 95

Granite Boronia 49

Guichenotia 59

Hinchinbrook Boronia 86

Ironcaps Boronia 36

Island Boronia 19

Key’s Boronia 53

Labrador Tea-leaved Boronia 59

Lasiopetalum ledifolium 56, 59

Ledum Boronia 59

Medicosma 2

Myrtopsis 2

Neobyrnesia 2

Neobyrnesia suberosa 95

Nesolycaena 21, 22

Nesolycaena albosericea 22

Nesolycaena caesia 22

Nesolycaena medicea 22

Nesolycaena urumelia 22

Possum Boronia 80

Rosemary Boronia 80

Sandstone Boronia 83

Showy Boronia 58

Smooth Boronia ...83

Soft Boronia 67

Star Boronia 104

Sydney Boronia 58

Winged Boronia 15

Winged-Leaved Boronia 15

Wongan Hills Boronia 35

Wyberba Boronia 68

Zanthoxylum oppositifolium 14

Zieria 2, 62

132

M.F. Duretto

CONTENTS
Volume 12, No. 1

Systematics of Boronia section Valvatae sensu lato (Rutaceae)
- M.F. Duretto

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