rSSN 0966-0011 PHLASMID STUDIES. volume 13, numbers 1 & 2. September 2005. Editor: P.E. Bragg. Published by the Phasmid Study Group. Phasmid Studies volume 13, numbers 1 & 2. ISSN 0966-001 1 Contents Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne 1 A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodinae and Aschiphasmatidae, with some lectotype designations, new synonyms, and the description of two new species P.E. Bragg 11 Haplopus Burmeisier, 1838, replacement name for Aplopus Gray, 1835 (Phasmatodea). Oliver Zorn pro 30 A new species of the genus Bacidofraaum , the first record of the genus from Borneo. P.E. Bragg 31 Reviews and Abstracts Phasmid Abstracts 38 Cover illustration: Female Pt/mloxopsis korystax Giimher. 1932 by P.E. Bragg. Bradburn, R. (2005) Phasmid Studies , 13(1&2); 1-10. Phasmids from Sabah Robert Bradburne, 26 Royal Avenue, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 2DB, UK, Abstract This paper describes a trip to six locations in Sabah, Borneo, during October 2003. A total of around 20 species of slick insects were found at four of these locations, including an undescribed species found at 3300m on Mount Kinabalu. The most commonly encountered species in the lowland foresL were Lonchodes spp., Hcmniella spp., and Asceles margaritatus . Key words Phasmida, Borneo, Sabah, Sukau, Kinabalu, Danum Valley, Haaniella , Asceles t Prosentoria, Necroscia , Presbistus, Carausius, Phenacephoms , Dinophosnw. Introduction In October 2003 I travelled to Sabah in North Borneo to spend two weeks searching for the wildlife of the region. Our group stayed in six locations, four of which yielded many species of phasmid. The rainy season had started early and therefore it frequently rained all afternoon, and often into tire night. However, this did not seem to stop the insects from being active, although it did at times make moving tluough the jungle quite a challenge. All identifications and sizes given in this article are from photographs taken on the trip, and therefore must be viewed with a degree of caution. Our first location (where we found no phasmids) was just outside the capital Kota Kinabalu, next to the sea in a largely agricultural region. One of the trees at the Lodge where we stayed showed significant feeding damage, but after much hunting this turned out to be due to a large (1.5cm) yellow weevil rather than stick insects. The second area we visited was a small, remote coral island in the Turtle Islands National Park. Unsurprisingly, we did not find any phasmids there either. Sukau, Kinabatangan River Although we spent two nights here, it was only safe to go out on one of these due to the heavy wind and rain. We spent three hours investigating a limestone hill which rose around 100m above the river. It was raining quite heavily, but phasmids were still quite active. Asceles margaritatus Redtenbacher, 1908 nymphs and aduks were reasonably common here on low growing vegetation. Another flying species was also found that bore superficial resemblance to A, margaritatus , but was less robust and had wings to the end of its abdomen (figure 1), We also found one male sub adult Lonchodinae species which I could not identity from the picture taken. 2cm Figure 1. Adult female found on low-growing vegetation at Sukau. Mottled all over in light and dark browns and dark greens. Phasmid Studies, 13(1 Sl 2) . 1 Robert Bradburne The most common insects however were Haaniella echinata Redtenbacher, 1906. The majority of these were nymphs of varying sizes, ai though we did find an adult female near the end of our trail. One sub- i magi nal female gave a very good defensive display when disturbed, showing off clearly her bright red rear leg patches and blue abdominal coloration. I was impressed by the size of the insects, which seemed significantly larger than the ones I had seen in culture. The largest female that we found, however, looked very different from the other H. echinata females that we had found. It was a pale creamy colour all over the thorax and abdomen, with darker brown legs (figure 2). From its general shape, and the tip of the abdomen, it looked much more like the Haaniella saussurei Kirby, 1904 shown in plate 3B in Bragg (2001), although this species is not recorded from the Sukau region in Bragg (2001). On further examination, Phil Bragg has suggested from what is visible of the Figure 2. Adult female Haaniella sp. found at Sukau. mesonotal spines on tine photograph that it probably is H. echinata (Bragg pers. comm.). The return to our lodge necessitated climbing through the canopies of two fallen trees and wading knee deep through water, and so, with further heavy rain the following day and night we were unable to do any further insect hunting at Sukau. Danum Valley We had three nights based at the Borneo Rainforest Lodge to explore this extraordinary piece of virgin rainforest with a very enthusiastic guide. Leeches were extremely numerous by day and night, so extra vigilance was needed by the group as we pushed through (he wet undergrowth. We saw phasmids during the day here, the first of which 1 caught on our first afternoon walk (in the rain!). This was a small almost black flying male (5.5 cm long) with a crest of fine spines on the back of its head and a clear white stripe across its fore wings (figure 3). It has been suggested to me that this is Paradiacantha fit sea Redtenbacher, 1908 (Bragg, pers. comm.). On our First night walk along the paths around the lodge we found a Prosentoria arrogans Brunner von WattenwyJ, 1907 male with curved “ horns ” on his head and later, a female with straight "horns” of the same species (figures 4-8). The females were more similar to those described by Bragg (Bragg 2001) as Prosentoria sp. from “Niah’\ especially Phasmid Studies. 13(1 & 2 ): 2 Phasmids from Sabah Figure 3. Paradiacantha fusca male found just outside the Borneo Rainforest Lodge in Danum Valley. Figure 4. Adult male Prosentoria arrogans found on paths at Danum Valley. with their longer, more slender shape and finer operculum (compare figure 8 with figure 19, female from Mt Kinabalu). We also once again found A. margaritatus adult males and females on very low growing vegetation and a couple of H. echinata nymphs (much less common than at Sukau). Much more numerous here were Lonchodes species, of which 1 think we found five during our stay. We never found males and females together and therefore I have not attempted to identify any of the males found. All of the female insects that we found were adults on this first night and diagnostic features that are visible on the photographs suggest they may have been some of L. hosei (the most common), L. rusticus, L. thami, L. mailed or L. amaitrops. However, with the large amount of variation seen, Phasmid Studies , 13(1 & 2): 3 Robert Bradbimie Figures 5-8. Prosentoria arrogans found on paths ai Danum Valley. 5. Adult female (a dull green colour, although brown colour forms were also found here). 6. Head of male showing curving “horns”. 7. Head of female found at night showing similar, forward-curving horns. 8. Dorso-lateral view of female’s abdomen. 9. Head of female found in daytime, without horns. Fhasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2 ): 4 Robert Bradburne without actual specimens, verification of these suggestions is not possible. In addition, we found adult males and females of Necroscia sp. (figures 10-11) on vegetation around head height at the edge of the road. The insects were a very vivid green colour, with red eyes and white to very pale pink wings. One female was parasitised by small red mites clinging to some of the joints on her abdomen and thorax. The most impressive insect found during the night was a female nymph of what was possibly a Diesbachia sp. (Bragg, pers. comm,)- Our guide had told me that tire Teally big insects” lived on the giant ginger that grew in that region by the roadside. Feeding damage on the plant gave this sub adult female (figure 12) away. She was already 18cm long and was a brilliant green colour all over, with pinkish red spines on her thorax and pink eyes. The nymph most closely fits the description of Diesbachia sophiae Redtenbacher, 1908, although it seemed to be too big to mature into this species (recorded as being only 14cm long). Although we searched the surrounding gingers very carefully, we did not find another example of this species during our stay at Danum. The following morning our guide had found another P. arrogans at the lodge. However, this specimen was completely devoid of “horns” (figure 9). The second night we were taken on a night drive and therefore had little time for insect spotting. A brief walk along the road however turned what looked like up a Lonchodes modest us Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 female which was nearly black with white markings Figures 13-14. Male Presbisuts sp.? 13. Dorsal view. 14. Lateral view showing large abdominal “club” and resting position on a small stick. Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2 ): 6 Ph asm ids from Sabah and vivid red hind femurs, a small female H. echinma nymph and a bright green male Necroscia sp. The next morning we trekked for seven hours through virgin forest. We saw few animals, but 2km away from the Borneo Rainforest Lodge I did find a small flying stick insect (figures 13-14) which was beautifully camouflaged, being mottled green and brown. Its large club-shaped abdomen suggests it was a Presbisms species, although it may only be safe to say it was within the Aschiphasmatini. That night I was keen to go up to the aerial walkway to look for insects 50m up in the canopy (hoping for Phy Ilium spp.). However, ah that we found was one small flying species several meters away that I could not identify. On returning to the ground and the road into the lodge, however, we were more successful. I found an adult female Haaniella sp. which looked a different overall shape from H. echinata (but it was impossible to verify this from the photograph), as well as Phenacephorus auriculaius Brunner, 1907, a male and female Necroscia sp. (figures 10-11) and a female Lonchodes sp. Given more time I am sure we would have found many more phasmids. Our guide did search for leaf insects until midnight for us but found none, but even so, the diversity at Danum was well worth exploring. Kinabalu Park We had factored in an extra day at Kinabalu National Park to help us to acclimatise to the altitude before climbing the mountain. This gave two nights for phasmid hunting before the climb. We were staying just outside the park but ate in the restaurant there in the evening. Therefore our first outing was along the road that runs past the staff quarters back to the “Kinabalu Balsam Restaurant”. Opposite the staff bungalows we found several brown Carausius chani Hausleithner, 1991 (the adult female had a large tubercule on her 5 th abdominal segment) feeding on a low growing plant with large, very thick, leathery leaves. The road then cuts through a small section of forest for about 50m. Here we found adult females of both the micropterous and macropterous forms of A. margariiatas (figures 15-18). We also found a female Phenacephorus spinulosus Hausleithner, 1991 on the low growing vegetation. The following evening, I was keen to follow the Silau Silau trail for a short distance as we had walked along it during the day and it seemed safe to walk it in the dark. On descending to the river, we spotted a male Figure 15. Asceles margaritatus male of macropterous form. Phasmid Studies, 13() & 2): 7 Robert Bradburne Figures 19-22. 19-20. Adult female Prosemoria arrogans found at Kinabalu National Park Headquarters. Olive green in colour. 19. Abdomen. 20. Head showing leaf-like “horns”. 21-22, An undescribed species found at 3300m on Mount Kinabalu, close to the Laban Rata Rest Hut. 21. Lateral view. 22. View showing extensive red patches on the thorax and front legs (stippled regions). Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2): 9 Robert Brodburne Phenacephorus sp., but once we were on the trail itself we found no further insects at all and turned back after about 400m. Instead we took the cut through at the top of the Sitau Silau trail from the main road up to the Balsam Restaurant. This was a much less used path with lots of low growing vegetation. We found a nymph of Necroscia sp. and on the same bush (which had tessellated, hairy leaves) an adult female Dinophasma kinabaluense Bragg, 2001 . Further up the path I was very pleased to find an adult female JLonchodes hannani Bragg and Chan, 1993 hanging from some higher growing plants, followed by a P. arrogans female, this time with clear leafy projections pointing backwards from her head (figure 20). This was a much stockier specimen than those found at Danum Valley, with a much deeper operculum (compare figure 19 with figure 8). We found a couple of small brown Lonchodinae males which I could not identify, and a male of the micropterous form of A. margaritatus (figure 18). Possibly the highlight of the evening, however, was finding an adult female Haanlella scabra Redtenbacher, 1906 with an egg in her ovipositor ready to be laid. She was at the base of a small shrub, virtually on the leaf litter and therefore was possibly descending to try to find a suitable oviposition site. The following morning we climbed from 1600m to the Laban Rata resthouse (3300m) through thick cloud, where we remained for the afternoon. We then started our ascent of the summit (4095m) at 0230 the following morning. Having done the first 100m of the climb we entered a grove of ericaceous bushes which were a little taller than head height. I found a small stick insect feeding on these bushes which was unlike any that I had read about in Phasmids of Borneo (Bragg 2001). The insect was very pretty, with extensive red patches under its forelegs and thorax (figures 2T22), but rough and mossy above (rather reminiscent of Creoxylus spinosus Fabricius, 1775). I thought that this might be a new species, but since have found from Phil Bragg that he has it in his collection already and is in the process of describing it (Bragg pers comm.). We left the mountain that day and headed for Poring Hot Springs to recuperate. Having got up at 0200, we were tired and so went out immediately after dark (1930) and only found two stick insects on the Langanan Waterfall trail, a male H. echinata nymph and a male A. margaritatus (macropterous form). The following day we visited the butterfly farm to see their captive Phobaeticus? sp. (very long, yellow eyes in the male) and Haaniella specimens (the only Haaniella we could see in fact was a dead one which had been set out on the top of the log, presumably for easy viewing!). A huge thunderstorm that evening effectively closed our insect viewing chances for the trip, but having already found around 20 species, including one at 3300m, I was content to call it a night. Reference Bragg, P-P-, (2001) Phasmids oj Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. Phasmid Studies. 13(1 & 2): 10 Bragg, P.E. (2005) Phasmid Studies, 1 3 ( 1 Sc ! ) : 11-29. A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodinae and Aschiphasmatidae, with some lectotype designations, new synonyms, and the description of two new species P.E. Bragg, g The Lane. Awsworth, Nottinghamshire , NG16 2QP. UK. Abstract A visit to the natural history museums in Vienna and Dresden, along with photographs kindly sent to me. and some cultured specimens have enabled a reassessment of some of the Bornean species of Lonchodinae. The male of Londiodes rust inis {Brunner, 1907) is described and illustrated. Seven new synonyms have been identified: Prisomera morbosum Brunner. 1907 is a junior synonym of La rich odes imitator (Brunner, 1907); Prisomera mdefimtum Brunner. 1907 is a junior synonym of Lanchodes rusticus (Brunner, 1907); Londiodes infrequent Brunner. 1907 is a junior synonym of Lanchodes jejunus (Brunner, 1907): Phenaceplwrus parahaematomus Bragg. 1995 is a junior synonym of Phenacephonis sepilokensis Bragg. 1994; Lon diodes hosei herbeni Bragg. 2001 and Carausius coltega Brunner. 1907 are both junior synonyms oi Londiodes cullratolobati/s (Brunner. 1907) n.cornb.: Prisomera rubrifemur Brunner, 1907 is almost certainly a junior synonym of Londiodes modest us (Brunner, 1907). The synrypc scries of several species described by Brunner ( 1 907) have been found to contain more Lhan one species: lectocypes are designated for six species of Lonchodinae. Two new species are described from Kinahalu National Park. Sabah: Lanchodes bushetfi n.sp. and Dinophasma viridis n.sp. Presbistus fragilis Seow-Choen. 2000 is transferred to Necroscia Audinet-Serville. 1858 and renamed Necroscia ischnotegmina nom.nov. Xylobistus Zompro, 2004 is a new synonym of Dinophasma Uvarov. 1940. Key words Phasmida. Phasmalodca. Borneo, new synonyms, lectotype designations, Londiodes bushelii n.sp.. Dinophasma viridis n.sp., Necroscia isdmoiegmina nom.nov., Xylobism s. Introduction The publication of Phasmids of Borneo (Bragg. 2001) cleared up many of the problems surrounding Bornean Lonchodinae. However, a few problems remained because I had not seen all Lhe type material, and the opposite sexes of some species were unknown. A combination of events: visits to two museums, the collection of living material and examination of some photographs, has resulted in this paper which clarifies a number of issues. Prisomera indefiniium Brunner, 1907 was omitted from my book because the locality was wrongly recorded in Brunner's (1907) publication. In May 2001 J visited Dresden Museum (SMTD) and located a pair of Lonchodes rusticus (Brunner, 1907) in the collection, prior to this only three females had been recorded, and the male was unknown (Bragg, 2001: 492). This material was taken to Vienna for comparison with type material at NHMW. Confirmation that the male and female had been correctly associated was obtained by examination of material reared by Mark Bushell. As a result a new synonym has been identified. In 2002 I visited Vienna Museum (NHMW) and examined the type material of the Bornean species housed there. As a result of that visit it became clear that some lectotype designations would be necessary to avoid possible confusion in the future. It is well known that Brunner and Redtenbacher described species from series which have since been shown to comprise more than one species; recently Zompro (2004) described the three new species Pseudodatames bi commits, Xylobistus braggi , and Planispecirum javanense , all based on material included with other species by Redtenbacher (1906). Examination of the type material of Bornean Lonchodinae in Vienna has shown that in several cases the material of one ,, species M is actually made up of two or three species mixed together. In each case there is an available name, so no new names are required, but lectotype designations are necessary to ensure stability of the names. There are also species which l had not been able to examine previously because of the reluctance of the museum to post material. Some photographic evidence has led to two new synonyms being identified. While working on my book I requested the loan of Carausius cultraiolobatus Brunner, 1907 from Phasmid Studies. 13(1 & 2): It P.E. Bragg Genova (MCSN) but was unable to borrow the specimen because the museum was in the process of moving to a new building. I have since been able to examine photographs of the specimen and can confirm it is a synonym of a species described in my book. Recently I have received a photograph of a mating pair of Phenocep horns which shows two species which I described are in fact male and female of the same species. While at Kinabalu Park in 2001 1 collected new material of Aschiphasmatidae, including Dinophasma viridis n.sp. Comparison of this new species and type material of Xylobistus braggi Zompro, 2004 shows they belong in the same genus and Xylobistinae is not a valid subfamily. While in Singapore in 2001 I examined the type material of the West Malaysian species Presbistus fragilis Seow-Choen, 2000 and found it has placed in the wrong suborder: it belongs in Necrosciinae. In the following lists the lay-out of the data for Brunner’s type specimens is shown as it is on the labels, with italics used to indicate hand-written words. The labels which have just a number are blue and the number refers to the museum’s catalogue; all other labels are white. LT refers to lectotype, PLT to paraiectotype and HT to holotype; new designations are indicated in bold print. Complete synonymies are not given; only the original name and new synonyms are listed. Aschiphasmatidae Dinophasma Uvarov, 1940 Dinophasma Uvarov, 1940: 173 (type species Phasma guttigera Westwood, 1859). Xylobistus Zompro, 2004: 73 (type species Xylobistus braggi Zompro, 2004) new synonym. Dinophasma braggi (Zompro, 2004) (figs 1-8) Xylobistus braggi Zompro, 2004: 73, figs 32a-b (d), 32c ($). The undulating lamina on the femora means Dinophasma viridis n.sp. keys out to the genus Xylobistus Zompro, 2004 using Zompro’ s (2004: 71) key to Aschiphasmatidae. However, the lobes on the thorax and abdomen, pectinate ungues, and general body shape clearly place viridis in Dinophasma Uvarov, 1940; the mesonotal spine of the male is typical of that found in D. guttigerum and the mesonotal lobe of the female appears to be just a more swollen version of that found in guttigerum. The tufts of long setae and the undulating Lamina on the femora of viridis , and the spiniform elytra in the female are similar to those in Xylobistus braggi Zompro, 2004, the type species of Xylobistus. Examination of the two para type females of X. braggi shows that they do have pectinate ungues, contrary to the description given by Zompro. However, the pectination is extremely fine and can only just be seen under high magnification (50x), and only then if viewed from the correct angle. In contrast, the pectination inZ). viridis is clearly visible at lower magnification (lOx). Abdominal segments 5-9 of the female of X. braggi each have an obvious dorsal lobe or swelling and the mesonotum and metanotum each have a slight swelling on the posterior margin; the metanotum has lobes similar to those in viridis (fig 15). The male of X. braggi has a mesonotal spine and lobes on some abdominal segments (fig 6), it is distinguished from viridis because it lacks a triangular lobe on the pronotum. Xylobistus braggi is therefore transferred to the genus Dinophasma and the genus Xylobistus Zompro becomes a synonym of Dinophasma Uvarov. Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2 ) : 12 P.E. Bragg Dinophasma mjobergi Bragg, 2001 Frank Hennemann kindly gave me a pair of this species which were collected in 2003. 6 (PEB-3462) SABAH, Crocker range. F.H. Hennemann &. 0. Conle, 24.iii.2003. 9 (PEB-3461) SABAH, Crocker range, F.H. Hennemann & 0. Conle, 27.iii.2003. The eggs of this species were previously unknown. I have removed some eggs from the body of the female, one of these is covered in setae so is obviously fully developed . The eggs are touch closer to spherical than those of D. gutiigera or saginata or kinabaluense. Length 3.8mm, height 2.8mm, width 2.2mm. Dinophasma viridis n.sp. The general appearance and body proportions of this species are similar to the other species of Dinophasma which have winged males: D. gumgerum (Westwood), D. saginatum (Redtenbacher), and D . ruflcomis (Redrenbacher). When alive this species is easily distinguished from others by the distinctive green and black coloration. Preserved females can be distinguished by the arrangement of dorsal lobes on the body (which are consistent in the two specimens), in particular the mesonotal lobe is constricted at the base and dilated in the middle. Preserved males may be distinguished by the presence of an undulating lamina on the femora, combined with a triangular lobe on the posterior margin of the pronotum. Material Holotype: 2 with eggs (BMNH, PEB-3155) Sabah. Kinabalu N.P. Silau Silau trail. P.E. Bragg, 03.viii.2001. Paratypes: 6 (BMNH, PEB-3156) data as holotype; 6 penultimate instar nymph (PEB-3157) Sabah, Kinabalu N.P. Silau Silau trail. P.E. Bragg, 15.viii.200l; 9 ([FH-]0346-l) N-Sabah. Mt Kinabalu Park, near Head Quarters. Silau-Silau trail. 1550m. Hennemann & Conle, 04- OS. viii.1996. The adult male was found on an adjacent bush within a metre of the holotype female. Female (figs 9, 12-16) Holotype with ventral surface of body pale brown, rest of body, and legs and antennae, monied green and black; green and black present in about even quantities. The holotype has retained the original coloration, although the green has faded slightly. The female paratype was originally preserved in alcohol and has consequently lost its original colouring: it has a uniformly pale brown ventral surface, die rest of the insect is light brown, mottled with dark brown or black. Body very finely setose, with long setae on ventral margins of thoracic p leu rites and on lateral margins of abdominal terga. Legs densely setose; all femora, tibiae and coxae with some tufts of very long setae. Body length (including operculum): holotype 47mm, paratype 48mm; full measurements of the holotype at given in table 1. Head wider than long, posterior hidden by pronotum. Pronotum constricted in the middle, posterior and anterior wider than long, anterior swollen, posterior margin with very obvious lobe. Mesonotum widening towards posterior, posterior margin as wide as length of mesonotum; posterior margin with large lobe shaped like a broad spear-head: a narrow base, a dilated mid section and apex narrowing to a point. Metanorum sborter than median segment; metanotum and abdominal segments L-9 each with a laterally compressed lobe on posterior margin; lobes increase in size from metanotum to abdominal segment 6 except for segment 2 which is of similar size to metanoial lobe, lobes on 7 th and 9 th small. 8 th large, PI i a. wtid Studies. 13(1 & 2 ): 14 A reassessment of Some Bornean Lonehodinae and Aschiphasmatidae segment 10 without lobe. Apex of iOth segment rounded, lamina supraanaiis very small. Cerci projecting beyond the end of the abdomen, straight, cylindrical, apex rounded, base narrowed. Operculum long, slender, apex laterally compressed, almost forming a tube (see fig 12). Figures 9-11. Dinophasma viridis n.sp. 9. Female: lateral view. 10-11. Male: lateral &. dorsal views. Hiod legs reaching just beyond apex of abdomen. Fore femur udth a slightly undulating lamina on the ventro-posterior carina; similar, but much smaller, undulations are present on the ventrO' anterior carinae of the mid and hind legs. Both ventral carinae hind femora and ventro-anterior of mid leg each with two minute spines near the apices; ventro-posterior of Phasimd Studies. 13(1 & 2): 15 P.E. Bragg Figures 12-16. Dinophasma viridis n.sp., female. 12-14. Apex of abdomen, dorsal, lateral & ventral. 15. Mesonotum and metanotum, dorso- lateral view. 16. Left fore femur. mid femur and ventro-anterior of fore femora each with one extremely minute spine. Mid and hind tibiae with a ventral uadulating lamella. All ungues clearly pectinate. Elytra spine- like, curved. On tire metanocum are what may be vestigial hind wings present as small fleshy lobes, about half the length of Lhe elytra (fig 15). Adult male (Figs 10-11 & 17-20). Body coloration and setae as in female holorype; wings with costal region similarly monied in green and black but also with pale brown in place of some of the green, anal region Phasmid Studies* 13(1 & 2): 16 A reassessment of some Bornean Lonehodmae and Aschiphasmatidae transparent with margin translucent browo; elytra green with a longitudinal black line. Body length 39mnrL. full measurements in table 1. Head about as long as wide, Pronotum slightly longer than wide, posterior margin with small triangular lobe. Mesonorum with spine- like lobe on posterior margin. Meianotum, abdominal segments 1-5 without lobes; segments 6-10 with small lobes on posterior margins (10* very small). Segment 8 widening, 9* narrowing, 10* of uniform width (segments 6-7 appear to have been laterally compressed during preservation). Posterior margin of 1 0 th segment rounded, wiLh a slight indentation at the apex. Cerci project downwards and backwards, slightly curved, almost triangular in cross- section, apices rounded with small spine on the interior surface of the apex. Poculum broad, flat, apex rounded. Hind legs reaching just beyond end of abdomen. AU femora with lamella as in female; small ventral lamina present on mid and hind tibiae. Fore femur with two extremely minute spines on ventro- anterior carina; mid femur with one extremely minute on 17 ' 20 ' Male Dwophasma viridis n.sp. ventro-posterior, and 2-3 on 17 ' 19 ' Abdomen of ™ le: dorsal, lateral and ventral, ventro-anterior; hind femora f° re f eraur with four minute spines on ventro-anterior and two on ventro-posterior carina. Elytra long, slender, of uniform width, about one third of the length of the mesonorum. Wings reach to just beyond the end of 5 th abdominal segment. Male nymph Colouration as in adult; the anal region of the wing bud is green with black blotches. The abdomen of the specimen is shrunken and distorted; body length about 34mm, wing buds 4.5mm. Egg: not known. Phwmid Studies, 13(1 & 2 ): 17 P E, Bragg Table 1 . Dinophas 9 HT iria vhidis 6 n,sp. measurements in mm. 9 HT 6 Total 47 39 Fore femur 9.0 8.0 Antennae 43 38 Fore tibia 7.5 7.0 Head 3.5 2.5 Fore tarsus 6.5 5.0 Pronotum 4.5 3.0 Mid femur 7.5 6.0 Mesonomm 5.0 4.0 Mid tibia 7.5 6.0 Metanotum 2.0 2.0 Mid tarsus 4.5 Median segment 3.5 3.5 Hind femur 12.0 10.0 Elytron 0.7 1,4 Hind tibia 11.0 Wing - 17.5 Hind tarsus 7.5 6.5 Presbistus fragilis Seow-Choen, 2000 This species does nor belong in Aschiphasmatidae; see Necroscia ischnotegmina nom.nov. below (page 29). Lonchodinae With the exception of Carausius cult rat olo batus Brunner, which is transferred to Lonchodes , the species below are arranged alphabetically within die genera used in Phasmids of Borneo -, one previously undescribed species, Lonchodes bushelli is included. Although it is recognised that some should probably be placed in other genera, a thorough revision of the suborder would be required to correctly assign all the species. Carausius abbrevaiatus (Brunner, 1907) Dixippus abbreviate Brunner, 1907: 280. Data for the NHMW types in Bragg (2001: 4] 9) was taken from Brunner (1907: 281) and is incorrect. Brunner recorded the NHMW specimens as coming from Kina Balu; the correct data is as follows: lt 6 Selected here. PLT 6 Brunei, Borneo Staudinger Collectio Br.v.W. del. Br.v.W. Dixippus abb re via ms Br. 23.380 Brunei, Borneo Staudinger Collectio Br.v.W. det. Br.v.W. Dixippus abbreviate Br. 20.850 Carausius sanguine oligatus (Brunner, 1907) Dixippus sanguineo-ligatus Brunner, 1907: 280. There are three syntypes in NHMW, all male but of two species. One lacks the end of the abdomen, but is selected as the lectotype of sanguineoligaius because the other two are both identical to Carausius chani (Hausleithner, 1991). Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2) : 18 A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodinae and Ascbiphasraaiidae LT d Selected here. PLT <$ PLT o Coll. Br.v.W. Kina Balu. Borneo Standings del. Br.v.W. Dixippus sung uiueoligaius 20.843 Coll. Br.v.W. Kina Balu, Borneo Siaudinger del. Br.v.W. Dixippus sanguineoli gains 19.589 C. chaui (Hausleiihner, 1991) del. P.E. Bragg, 2002 Coll. Br.v.W. Kma Balu. Borneo Siaudinger del. Br.v.W. Dixippus sanguineoli gains 25.632 C. chum (Hausleiihner. 1991) del. P.E. Bragg. 27. Hi. 2002 Lonchodes bushelli n.sp. Holotype: 9 (BMNH, PEB-3283) SABAH. Kinabalu N.P., Liwagu Trail (Power station end). P.E. Bragg, 26.viii.2001. Paratypes: all same locality and collector as holotype: 266 (PEB-3191 & PEB-3192) 15.viii.2001; 2 66 (PEB-3193 & PEB-3194) 17.viii.2001; 6 (BMNH, PEB-3210), 9 (PEB-3211), 9 nymph (PEB-3233), 6 nymph (PEB-3234), 9 (PEB-3390) 26.viii.200l. Female (figs 21, 23-29) Head, body and legs almost uniformly mid or dark brown. Body rugose, densely granulose, and may or may not have large lobe-like tubercules on the thorax and abdomen. Mid femur, mid tibia and fore tibia with dorsal lobes. Antennae nor quite reaching to end of fore tarsi. Body length 56-6 1mm (Holotype 61mm); full measurements in table 2. Head rectangular, 1.6 limes longer than wide, slightly raised between the eyes. Antennae with basal segment broad, flattened; second segment short, cylindrical; remainder filiform. Pro no rum almost rectangular, 1.4 times longer than wide, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior may have a muhi-branched lobe. Mesonotum with a longitudinal carina which continues along the metanotum and abdomen as far as half way along the 3 rd segment. Mesonotum widening evenly, with a longitudinal carina, with a row of rounded tubercules on the lateral margins and a few scattered randomly; posterior margin may have a bifurcate lobe. Metanotum and median segment of equal width, the junction between the two segments is marked by a lobe or at least a bulge in the longitudinal carina; both segments may have a multi-branched lobe. Meso- and meta-pleura with a row of rounded tubercules. Meso- and metastemum tuberculate. The abdomen widens slightly to the 5 th segment, narrowing thereafter. Posterior margin of abdominal segments 2-4 may have small tubercules. 5-9 may have large swollen lobes (figs 22 Sc 27-29) or small tubercules. Large rounded tubercules are present on the sides of the 6' 1 ' segment. Segments 2-6 approximately as long as wide and of similar size; 7 |!| wider than long, shorter than 6 L \ 8 Ih - 10 lj1 of decreasing length. Lamina supraanalis wider than long. Segments 10 and 1 1 with a longitudinal carina. Postero- lateral margins of anal segment serrated (fig 23). Abdominal sternites tuberculate. Seventh stern ire with a distinct praeopercular organ (fig 25). Operculum rugose and tuberculate, apex slightly pointed. All legs with corresponding femur and tibia of equal length. Hind tibiae just reaching end of abdomen. Fore and mid femora rugose. Foie femur compressed and curved at the base; with a small triangular lobe near the apex of the vemro-posterior carina. dorso-anterior carina with an undulating lamina, medio-ventral carina very distinct, dorso-posterior only visible at anterior. Fore tibia with dorso-posterior and dorso-ventral carinae fused, except at anterior end. and forming an undulating lamina; medio-ventral carina forming a low-lying Phasmid Studies, I3< 1 & 2): 19 P.E. Bragg lamina. Mid femur with a triangular lobe and one or two small teeth near the apex of the ventro-posterior and ventro -anterior carinae; dorso-posterior earina with a large lobe near the apex, dorse-anterior with a small lobe near the base (the dorso-posterior earina is not distinguishable on basal third of mid femur). Mid tibia with the two dorsal carinae fused on the basal third and forming a lobe; dorsal carinae distinct on rest of tibia, dorso-anterior with a small lobe near the apex. Hind femur laterally compressed, ventro-posterior with a triangular lobe at the apex, ventro-anterior with a smaller, flatter lobe. Tarsi all with first tarsomere less than the combined length of 2 nd and 3 rd . Holotype with lobes or tubercules on posterior of pronoaim, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdominal segments ]-8: these are particularly large on pronotum and abdominal segments 5-8 (see fig 29). Lobes are clearly present on the tibiae and body of the female nymph (body length 42mm). Male (figs 22 & 30-33) Body very dark green, legs reddish, eyes pale cream, antennae greenish-brown. Head, body and legs very densely granulose. Body of almost uniform width except for pleura projecting at leg joints. Antennae reaching the end of the fore tarsi. Body length 50-52mm; table 2 gives full measurements for a 52mm specimen. Figures 21-22. Lonchodes bushel ti n.sp. Head rectangular, 1.5 times longer Female. 22. Male, than wide, slightly raised between the eyes but without spines. Pronorum of similar width to head, 1.3 times longer than wide, anterior half raised in the middle, posterior margin curved. Mesonotum 8 times longer than wide, very sLighdy dilated at posterior; with some swollen granules causing a slightly tuherculate appearance. Metanotum and median segment only distinguishable with difficulty, median segment half as long as metanocum; posterior half of metanotum and median segment 15-20% wider than anterior half of metanotum. Abdominal segments 2-6 of similar length and width slightly more than twice as long as wide, width equal to anterior half of metanotum; 7 th only two thirds the length of 6 1 ' and widening, length about equal to width of posterior margin; 8 th and 9 1Jj of equal length, both wider than long, 9 lfi narrowing slightly; 10 th triangular, longer than wide, divided longitudinally. Cerci not visible dorsally, flattened. Poculum short, deep, setose. All legs with corresponding femur and tibia of equal length. Hind tibiae reaching well beyond end of abdomen. Fore femur compressed and curved at the base; with a small Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2). 20 A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodinae and Aschiphasmatidae Figures 23-26. Lonchod.es bushedi n.sp. Female. 23-25. Apex of abdomen: lateral, dorsal and ventral views. 26. Mid femur and tibia. triangular lobe near the apex of the ventro-posterior carina, ventro-medial Carina distinct, dorso-posterior becoming indistinct near the base. Ventro-posterior and ventro-anterior carinae of mid femur each with a triangular lobe and a small tooth near the apex; dorso- posterior carina with a low-lying lobe near the apex. Carinae of fore femur and all tibiae setose, mid and hind femora with very few setae. Dorsal carinae of fore tibiae fused except at apex, ventro-medial very distinct. Fore tarsi with fsrst tarsomere slightly longer than combined length of 2 rJ and 3 rd , mid and hind with basal tarsomere slightly shorter than combined length of 2 nd and 3 rd . Phusmid Studies, 13(1 &l 2 ): 21 Figures 27-36. Lone hades bushelli n.sp. 27-29. Females: lateral views. 30-33. Male: abdomen and mid femur. 34-36. Egg: dorsal, lateral, and opercular views Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2 ): 22 A reassessment of some Bornean Lonchodioae and Aschiphasmaiidae Egg (figs 34-36) Capsule and operculum pate brown, rnicropytar plate pale cream, capitulum yellowish cream. Capsule ovoid with a large micropylar mound and polar mound. Capsule and operculum rugulose. covered in a fine network of raised ridges. Capsule without an opercular collar. Length 2.8mm (3.1mm including capitulum), height 2.0mm. width 1, 6mm. The egg is very similar to Lonchodes rusiicus (Brunner). Comments This species seems to be relatively common on the upper part of the Liwagu trail at Mi Kinabalu Park. It has not been found in die area close to the park head quarters despite considerable collecting by C.L. Chan over many years, and about 15 nights collecting by myself in four visits over a 10 year period, in captivity in the UK it fed on bramble and I reared one female nymph to adult in 2001. Mark Bushell collected more specimens in 2003 and reared them in die UK: unfortunately a sustainable culture was not established. Tabic 2. Measurements o f Lonchodes (mm) rusiicus 6 bushelli x bushelli d Body length 12 61 52 Antennae 34 24 31 Head 3.5 4 3 Pronotum 3 3.5 2.5 Mesonounn 18 14 13 Meia no turn 7 5 6 Median segment 7 3 Fore femora 17 12 13.5 Fore tibiae 17 12 14 Fore tarsi 5 4 4 Mid femora 13 9.5 9.5 Mid tibiae 10 8 9.5 Mid tarsi 4 3,5 3.5 Hind femora 15 12.5 12.5 Hind tibiae 11.5 13 Hind tarsi 4 4 4 Lonchodes cultratolobatus (Brunner, 1907) n.comb. Corausius culimto-lobanis Brunner, 1907: 273. Lonchodes hosei herberti Bragg. 2001: 462, tigs 178, 179a-c. I80a-b & pi. IE. new synonym. Corausius collega Brunner. 1907: 273. new synonym. Having examined two photographs of the holoiype of cttlimiolobaiiis there is no doubt that it is die same species as Lonchodes hosei herberti . The type material of Corausius collega has been destroyed but Brunner (1907: 325) described it as "slightly different 1 ' from C. cuhraioloboius : since the latter species is very variable it is very likely to be a synonym. Phasmid Studies, 13(1 & 2): 23 P.E. Bragg Lonchodes imitator (Brunner, 1907) Dixippus imitator Brunner, 1907: 279. pi. 12.7a. Prisomera hosei Brunner, 1907: 286 [not hosei Kirby. 1896] new synonym. Prisomera morbosum Brunner, 1907: 290, new synonym. The synrype series of imitator comprises three species. All three females are Carausius chant (Hausleithner) as previously recorded for one I had previously examined (Bragg, 2001: 422). Two of the males are not the same species as the lectoiype (designated in Bragg, 2001: 240), they appear to be Lonchodes jejunus (Brunner, 1907). Data labels for the males only are given below. LT 6 Coll, Br.v.W. Kina Balu, Borneo Siaudinger del. Br.v.W. Dixippus imitator Br. 20.564 PLT