DRAUGHT  INDICATOR	373
Penalties.—If the marking is in any way inaccurate so as to be likely
to mislead, the owner of the ship shall be liable to a fine not exceeding
£100.
If the marks are fraudulently altered by any person, the owner,
master, or person shall be liable to a fine not exceeding £100.
The load line marks are closely associated with the tonnage measure-
ments of a ship defined as follows:—
Under deck tonnage is a measure of the internal space between the
top of the ceiling or double bottom in the hold and the under surface
of the tonnage deck. The unit of measurement is a ton of 100 cubic feet.
Gross tonnage is a measure of the total internal volume of the ship*
and is equal to the under deck tonnage plus the tonnage of all enclosed
spaces above the tonnage deck
Net tonnage is the residual tonnage after the various allowances for
propelling power, crew spaces, and navigation spaces, have been
deducted from the gross tonnage
Displacement tonnage is the total quantitv of water displaced by
the vessel when floating at her load draught.
Deadweight tonnage is the number of tons (of 2240 Ibs.) of cargo,
stores, etc., that a vessel is capable of carrying when floating at her
load draught.
Load waterline is the waterline corresponding to the maximum
draught to which a vessel is permitted to load, either by the freeboard
regulations, the conditions of classification or the conditions of service.
Draught is the distance from the lowest part of the keel to the
waterline at which the vessel is floating.
Load draught is the distance from the lowest part of the keel to the
load waterline as defined above. *
Coefficient of Fineness is the ratio between the actual volume of the
under water shape and the volume of a rectangular block having the
same extreme length, breadth and depth. The coefficient is expressed
as a decimal and varies from about -5 in the case of fine lined yachts
gradually increasing through -6 to '75 in the case of fast passenger
steamers, and to -85 for slow, blufl cargo vessels.
Displacement—length X breadth X draught X coefficient   divided   by
35 (cubic feet of salt water per ton) when the ship floats in sea water,
and by 36 (cubic feet of fresh water per ton) when floating in fresh water.
Displacemenfc=jLxJ5x^Xcoefficient-~35 for sea water.