410	NICHOLLS'S  SEAMANSHIP  AND  NAUTICAL  KNOWLEDGE
Uprights.—Uprights when required by the nature of the timber
are to be of adequate strength and may be of wood or metal; the spacing
is to be suitable for the length and character of timber earned, but is
not to exceed 10 feet. Strong angles or metal sockets efficiently secured
to the stringer plate or equally efficient means are to be provided for
securing the uprights.
Lashings.—Timber deck cargo is to be efficiently secured throughout
its length by independent overall lashings spaced not more than 10
feet apart.
Eye-plates for these lashings are to be riveted to the sheer strake
at intervals of not more than 10 feet, the distance from an end bulkhead
of a superstructure to the first eye-plate being not more than 6 feet
6 inches. Additional eye-plates may be fitted on the stringer plate.
Overall lashings are to be in good condition and are to be not less
than f-inch close link chain or flexible wire rope of equivalent strength,
fitted with sliphooks and stretching screws, which are txy be Accessible
at all times. Wire rope lashings are to have a short length of long
link chain to permit the length of lashings to be regulated.
When timber is in lengths less than 12 feet, the spacing of the
lashings is to be reduced to suit the length of timber or other suitable
provision made.
When the spacing of the lashings is 5 feet or less, the size of the
lashing may be reduced, but not less than £-inch chain or equivalent
wire rope is to be used.
All fittings required for securing the lashings are to be of strength
corresponding to the strength of the lashings.
On superstructure decks, uprights, where fitted, are to be about
10 feet apart and are to be secured by athwartship lashings of ample
strength.
Plans showing the fittings and arrangements for stowing and securing
timber deck cargoes in compliance with the foregoing conditions and
regulations are to be submitted to the assigning authority.
FROZEN AND CHILLED CARGOES.
The hold insulation of modern "meat" ships usually consists of
broken up cork, the pieces averaging about the size of a pea. This is
tightly packed against the sides, bulkheads* deckheads, and floors or
ceilings of the spaces and held there by f-inch boarding, the whole
occupying a depth of about 9 inches. This entirely surrounds the