542         NICHOLLS'S SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE
and these are drawn on the body plan, as they would be seen if
the ship were viewed end on from forward and from aft. The
frames are bent to their curvature as shown on the body plan.
The fore and aft line on the half breadth is called a bow and
buttock line, and it is represented on the body plan by the two
vertical lines on the fore and after body's. If the ship were sliced
vertically ^f or the whole of her length along that line her side would
be laid open and the shape of the opening would be the same as the
curved line running fore and aft on the sheer plan.
By reconciling or '* fairing up " the respective lines and curves
on the three plans the naval architect designs the shape the vessel
will eventually be when built.
THE  NEW   SHIP.
The preliminary arrangements to finance the ship having been
satisfactorily completed a ship is ordered. The contract price
usually stipulates that the builder shall receive one-fifth when the
keel is laid, one-fifth when framed, one-fifth when plated, one-fifth
when launched and the final fifth of the purchase price when the
completed ship is handed over to the owners.

Fig. 1.—The Keel Blocks axe removed before the vessel is Launched.
Plans of the proposed vessel are submitted by the builder to the
Classification Society under whose rules she is to be built, either
Lloyd's or British Corporation. During the period of her construction
the ship is frequently inspected by the surveyors of the Society.
Reference is made on pages 482 and 483 as to how the scantlings of
various parts of the structure is regulated by numerals. The