PREFACE of practice, and a knowledge of these can only be acquired by rrequent reference and repetition, hence the reason why some of the information is conveyed in the form of Questions and Answers. We have drawn largely on the experience of others as their knowledge has enabled us to collate the varied information which forms the basis of the Board of Trade Oral Examinations for Certificates of Competency as Second Mates, Mates and Masters. I am indebted to numerous friends and colleagues for advice and guidance in the preparation of this work and gratefully acknowledge their assistance, also the kindness of many firms in granting permission to reproduce illustrations from their publications, and particularly to Mr. William M. Gray, B.Sc., M.I.N.A., for criticism and many of the drawings which illustrate the chapter on Ship Construction, also to— Messrs. Allan Whyte & Co., Glasgow Wire Hope Manufacturers. Brassey's Naval Annual. The British Mannesmann Tube Co., London. Derricks. Messrs. Brown, Lennox & Co., London. Anchors, Cables and Buoys. Messrs. Bruntons (Musselburgh), Ltd., Musselburgh Wire Ropes. Messrs. The Bergius Co., Ltd., Glasgow. Kelvin Motor Engines. Messrs. Chadburn's (Ship) Telegraph Co., Ltd., Liverpool. Ship Telegraphs, Messrs. Davey & Co., London. Blocks and Tackles. The Electric Submerged Log Co., London. Messrs. Emerson, Walker Jitd., Gateshead-on-Tyne^ Steani Capstans and Windlasses. Messrs. Haslam & Kewton, Ltd., Derby. Refrigerating Plant. Messrs. Henry Hughes & Son, Ltd., London. Echo Sounding Machines. Messrs. John Hastie & Co., Greenock. Steering Engines. Imperial Merchant Service Guild, IforxesVs Jury Rudder* Radio Communication Co.^Ltd^ Ijondon. Direction Finders Messrs. Kelvin, Bottojnley & Baird, Ltd., Glasgow;. Soundiag Machines* Pneumercator Tank and Draught Gaugea*