96 NICHDLLS's SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE

ART. 20.—When a steam vessel and a sailing vessel are proceeding
in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam vessel shall
keep out of the way of the sailing vessel.

ART. 21.—Where by any of these Rules one oi two vessels is to keep
out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.

Note.—When, in consequence of thick weather or other causes,
such vessel finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by
the action of the giving-way vessel alone, she also shall take such
action as will best aid to avert collision.

1. You are in charge of a motor launch, what wi>uld you do in each of
the following cases when there is risk of collision—

(a) When meeting another launch end on?

(b) A launch crossing on your starboard bow?

(c) A launch crossing on your port bow?

(d) Approaching a boat under sail so as to involve risk of collision?
Ans. (a) Alter course to starboard. (&) Keep clear by altering

course to starboard, (c) Stand on. (d) Keep clear.

Fig 7.—(a) Meeting end on. (b) Crossing vessels
USE OF OIL FOR MODIFYING THE EFFECT OF
BREAKING WAVES
The Board of Trade desire to call attention to the following infoi-
mation, which has been published by the Admiralty in their Sailing
Directions, on the Use of Oil for Modifying the Effect of Breaking'
Waves:—
"Many experiences of late years have shown that the utility of oil
for this purpose is undoubted, and the application simple.