158

NIOHOLLS'S SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE

hard over on one side to hard over on the other and at least double
that number of turns for hand steering gear.

Fig. 23.-—Poop fittings of Caledonian Monarch,
Note.—Steering chains, spring buffers and the rudder brake on quadrant,
See also page 610.
f heprinciple of the rudder has not altered with the march of progress,
tmt the method of controlling it has to be modified to werk the heavier