294 NICEOLLS'S SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE
complete a round turn, probably owing to the fact that much depends
upon the trim and load displacement of the ship. The average time to
complete the first turn works out at about 8 minutes. In the case of a
vessel of 2000 tons on trials she turned through 180° in 3 minutes and
360° in 7J minutes, the initial speed was 14 knots which was reduced
to about 7 knots when the circle was being completed, the diameter of
her turning circle worked out at 6 times the length of the ship.
The trials of a Bibby liner fitted with an Oertz rudder by the Marine
Navigation Company, London, worked out as follows:—
Turning circles with rudder hard over. Speed 11 Jknots approximately.
Turning to port Turning to starboard
\ circle 1m 55s 1m 45s
i „ 3m 40s - 3m 32s
£ „ 5m 36s 5m 37s
Full circle 7m 46s 7m 45s
Average time to throw the rudder from hard over to hard over, 20
seconds.
SHIP HANDLING.
1. What would you particularly look to in seeing if all was ready in a
steamship for going out of dock and proceeding to sea?
Engine-room telegraph, steam whistle or siren, steam steering
gear, winches, etc.; also see there were no boats, lighters, lines, etc.,
about the stern likely to foul the propeller. If possible I would get the
derricks lowered and secured, the hatches on and battened down.
Also I would have all lamps trimmed, patent log ready for use, hand
lead line and heaving lines handy, fenders ready, mooring ropes all
clear for coming in or carrying along. Charts and all gear ready in the
chartroom. Everything in order on the bridge.
2. What information does a pilot require when he comes on board?
Full details regarding any special features of the ship, particularly
her steering qualities and the working of her engines, also her power
when they are going astern. The draft of water. The deviation of
the compass.
3. What efiect has a right-handed propeller on a steamer's course when
going ahead with helm amidships; also when going astern?
Her course would be directed to port when going ahead, and her
head would cant to starboard when going astern.