CARGO STOWAGE 399
to come in contact with the cargo, such as stanchions, masts, etc,, and
lash good shifting boards on both sides of the stanchions amidshipsf
so as to form a fore-and-aft bulkhead, to prevent the cargo shifting.
6 If you were going to load a cargo of raw sugar or molasses, what
would you be careful about in dunnaging the hold?
To leave a free course for the drainage to run to the pump well.
7. Where would you stow bags of sheep dip, or patent manures* or any
other strong smelling cargo?
Where it would not be possible for it to cause damage to other
cargo by reason of the strong odour which it emits. Tea, for instance,
is very liable to absorb any foreign smell; I should see therefore if
any was to go in the ship that it was stowed in a different hold. The
same precautions would apply to any foodstuffs such as grain, flour, etc.
8 In loading a mixed cargo, how should it be generally distributed
in the hold?
The deadweight or heaviest portions of the cargo amidships in
the main hold; liquids, if any, in the ends at the bottom; bales, cases, etc,,
in the 'tween decks or upper part of lower hold.
9. How should railway iron or tram lines be stowed?
Fore and aft solid, bases alternately up and down, this form of
stowage generally being termed "locked together."
Tank tops must be protected with heavy planks laid athwartships.
Soft wood battens or old ropes or strands of an old hawser should
be laid athwartships between each tier to soften the whole mass and
help to bind it together.
Pillars in the hold should have wooden battens placed between them
and the rails. Good heavy pieces of timber should be placed vertically
at the ship's side, and the whole mass wedged up tight.
The loading should be so arranged that when all is stowed a level
surface is presented right across the hold. Athwartship planks should
be laid on top of the rails, and the hold filled up with other cargo solidly
stowed. If the hold cannot be filled, the iron must be securely "tommed
down" from the deck beams above it.
A full cargo of railway iron should be stowed locked together solid
at the bottom, and diagonally or grating fashion afterwards.
Wooden battens or old ropes or strands of old hawsers should alwaya
be laid athwartships between each tier oi rails.