CAEGO STOWAGE 403
quarter of the cask. Bring them up over the quarter of the next
cask, carry them along the tier and make them fast round the quarters
of another cask in the same tier, or to the ship's side. Haul away on the
bight.
30. How do you sling a cask head up?
By standing the cask on the bight of the sling and forming a half
hitch over the head of the cask with each part of the sling.
31. What arrangement or disposition of the cargo has a tendency to
make a vessel "stiff"; and also to make a vessel "tender"?
Stowing all the heaviest weights in the bottom, and keeping as
much cargo as possible in the lowe* hold, will have the effect of making
a vessel "stiff." By raising the weights, and putting more cargo in the
'tween decks, she will be made more "tender."
Deck cargo tends to make a ship very tender or unstable.
32. What difference then should be made between the stowage of a
cargo in a "stiff" vessel and the stowage of a similar cargo in a
"tender" vessel?
The "stiff" vessel should have the heavier parts of the cargo raised
more than the "tender" vessel; also when there are 'tween decks a
greater proportion of the cargo should be stowed there.
33. What will be the result of winging out weights, i.e., of stowing
heavy kinds of cargo in the wings?
It tends to make the vessel steadier ia a seaway, and she will roll
less quickly.
34. What will be the result (i) if heavy weights are stowed at the ends
of a vessel; (ii) if the heavy weights are concentrated towards the
middle?
In the first case the ship will be liable tc pitch heavily, and ship
heavy seas at the bow or stern; she will also be subjected to severe
straining in a seaway. In the second case the bow and stern will rise
more easily to the force of the sea, and she will not be so liable to ship
seas over the bow and stem.* Too much weight in the middle would
also strain the vessel severely in a seaway.
A vessel that is very full at the bow and stern should have more
cargo towards the ends than a vessel fine at the bow and stern.
* Weights at the end have also a lateral effect in making the ship slower In
answering the helm.