424 NICHOLLS'S SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE
to load esparto grass stowing at 110 cubic feet per ton and ore at 15
cubic feet per ton. How much of each can she take to fullest capacity
of space and tons weight?
Hold capacities in cubic feet are—
No. 1.. 51420 No. 2. 55350
No. 3. 43210 No. 4. 38883
Draw up a plan of loading and stowage of the cargo.
Answer.—1511 tons grass, 1509 tons ore
10. An oil tanker has 2 tanks each 30 ft. long, 26 ft. broad, 33 ft.
deep, divided by a midship bulkhead. Crude oil stowing at 41-34
cubic feet to the ton is loaded to an ullage of 2 ft. 4 ins. in both tanks.
What is the weight of the oil in both tanks?
If on heating before discharging the cargo expands 2 per cent.,
what will then be the ullage?
Answer.—1157 tons, 1 ft. 8J ins. ullage
QUESTIONS
1. When does the ship's responsibility for the good condition of
cargo begin and end?
2. Describe types of slings and gear used for slinging different kinds
of cargo.
3 What is a "bull" rope?
4. Describe the usual arrangement of derricks and winches in an
ordinary cargo ship.
5. The ship has just completed loading; state what should now be
done with regard to hatches and cargo gear preparatory to going to sea?
6. Describe the preparatory work of getting cargo gear rigged for
discharging cargo. What is usually plone before the hatches are taken
off?
7. Describe the starting and stopping of a steam winch and the
precautions necessary on occasions.
8. Distinguish between permanent, portable and temporary dunnage.
9. What is a "homogeneous" cargo?
10. What precautions are taken with regard to the loading and
ventilating of coal? How can one tell if the cargo is overheating?
11. What has to be kept in view when loading heavy cargoes such
as ores, and how are such cargoes stowed?
12. Why are special precautions taken with grain cargoes?