QUESTIONS

485

21. Sketch a C.D.B. and indicate particularly tow watertight
connection is made at the bilge.
22. What is (a) a longitudinal; (6) margin plate; (c) tank side bracket;
(d) gusset plate?
23. What arrangements are made to allow water to now from one
transverse section to the nest?
24. When and where are web frames introduced?
25. Show by a sketch the method of uniting a web frame and
stringer at their crossing.
26 Show by sketches how two plates are riveted together.
27. Sketch (a) a lap joint; (6) a butt strap joint.
28. What is zig-zag riveting and chain riveting?
29. Describe with sketches the usual system of shell plating.
30. What are the disadvantages and advantages of the "joggled"
and the "out and in" systems7
31. What is the disadvantage of the clinker system of deck plating £
32. What is a stealer?
33. Sketch and name some of the girder sections used in ship
construction.
34. Mention the names of different lands of rivets and illustrate
them by sketches.
35. What are the functions of a pillar? What are the structural
advantages and the commercial disadvantages of pillars in a cargo hold?
36. Sketch some forms of heads and heels of pillars.
37. How is a deck flat made watertight at the ship's side (a) when
both frame and reversed frame are severed; (b) when the frame is
continuous?
38. In what manner do bulkheads contribute structural strength
and safety to a vessel?
39. What minimum number of watertight bulkheads is fitted in a
steamship and what are their special functions?
40. How is bulkhead plating stiffened and how is it connected to
the shell plating?
41. A stringer is cut at a bulkhead, what method is adopted to
maintain the strength at the juncture?
42. What is the advantage of having longitudinal bulkheads in
cargo spaces?