558 NICHOLLS'S SEAMANSHIP AND NAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE
and the weight of the animals thrown against it The floors of
pens and gangways to be fitted with battens or other proper
Footholds.
There shall be a continuous fore and aft gangway at least 3 feet
wide between every two rows of animals and an athwartship
passageway at least 18 inches wide communicating with the fore
and aft passageway in each compartment.
The compartments shall be efficiently ventilated by electric
fans or otherwise of sufficient capacity entirely to change the air
once every three minutes, and the compartments to be adequately
lighted.
All cattle to be securely tied by the head or neck in such manner
as not to cause unnecessary suffering and so as to stand athwartships
facing the passageways.
Gangway doors not less than 5 feet 6 inches in height and
3 feet 9 inches in width shall be fitted in the ship's side above the
main deck, so placed that the animals can be driven direct across the
deck clear of hatchways or other obstruction.
Every consignment to be under the charge of a responsible
foreman with competent assistants, numbering, with himself, three
attendants for every 100 head of cattle. Proper accommodation
for all these persons shall be provided.
The master of every ship carrying cattlemen from overseas to
a port in the United Kingdom shall furnish to the Immigration
Officer immediately on arrival particulars with regard to any
cattlemen carried, their name, nationality and proposed address.
Every vessel shall carry an approved killing instrument to
slaughter seriously injured animals. A record of casualties shall
be kept stating how many animals died or were killed or injured on
the voyage and the cause of such death.
The Schedules to the Order specify in detail the dimensions
to be observed in the construction of pens and fittings for the
protection of animals. Cattle pens,, for example, are 8 ft. x 2J ft.
X 7 ft. (140 cubic feet), but four are usually carried in a 10-ft.
stall in regular cattle boats.
**The Specification for Fitting Ships for the Conveyance of
Horses or Mules" is issued by the Sea Transport Department,
Board of Trade.