THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS GEOGRAPHICAL HOISTS 623 Example.—Letters A A AS mean Aberdeen, Scotland, and would be hoisted.— A 1st sub 2nd sub S 1st substitute means repeat the top letter of the hoist, namely A, and 2nd substitute means repeat the second letter of the hoist, which, in this case, is also A9 thus making the hoist A A A S. Note.—It might be a useful lesson in flag identification if the student were to put in the colourings of the respective flags in the several illustrations given here. Example.—Letters A B U V mean Blacksod Bay, Ireland, and would be hoisted. A B U 3rd sub 3rd substitute means repeat the third letter of the hoist, which in this case is Z7, thus making the signal A B U U. These are two examples of geographical signals intimating thp names of places and all such signals are four-flag hoists beginning with flag A. The hoists and the names of the places are arranged in the Code book in strictly alphabetical order, in parallel columns, the name of the place and Its hoist being alongside of each other, so that code and decode are made simultaneously at the same opening of the book.