EXAMINATION PAPERS 689

5. A vessel of 4000 tons displacement has initial transverse G M. of 1*2
foot. 40 tons of cargo was lowered vertically 20 feet into the
lower hold. Find the vessel's new G.M.

Paper 5.
1 Sketch a mast and describe the stepping of a mast in a modern
steamer,
2. Define "buoyancy" and "centre of buoyancy."
3. What is "hogging"? Describe a simple method of determining
whether a vessel is hogged or sagged.
4. Describe shifting boards and how they are iitted.
5. What is register tonnage ? Who measures it and for what purpose ?
6. A ship 1800 tons light displacement with C. of G. 10 feet above the
keel loads 3400 tons, the C. of G. of which is 9 feet above the keel
and 400 tons having its C. of G. 16 feet above the keel. Her final
transverse metacentre is 12 feet above the keel. Find her
metaeentric height. ^
Paper 6.
1. Describe the stern tube of a single screw steamship and how water
is prevented from entering the ship.
2. Describe how, and when, a curve of metacentres is constructed.
Draw a rough metaeentric curve to illustrate your answer.
3. What minimum number of watertight bulkheads are fitted in a
steamship ?
4. How is the stern of a ship strengthened to withstand pounding
and vibration ?
5. What are the special features of an " Isherwood " ship ?
6. A vessel's draught was 17 ft. forward and 16 ft. 8 ins. aft. Her
T.P.I, was 21 tons and her LT.M. 275 foot-tons. Her No. 5 tank,
holding 78 tons and 50 feet from amidship, was filled. Find her
new draught.
Paper 7.
1. Show by means of a sketch a transverse bulkhead in a tonnage
opening. What governs the spacing of tonnage openings?
2. What is a hawse pipe? How is it fitted?