N ¥ VOLUME. Il. © er ae a = Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 3 AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vou. XXI. TOE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA., By CHARLES WACHSMUTH axp FRANK SPRINGER. IN TWO VOLUMES WITH EIGHTY-THREE PLATES. CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.: Brinted tor the Museum. ee May, 1897. Ea a = —— ~ «eae ee w La ¥ . = ¥ ae £ < . - 3 xe % - = 2 } (iis ye x 2 = he ~ : ¥\% j ; : * 7 4 ces 7 - a) “@ : > * ; - i f * ot f i - i > “ . “Ys! Se tc { ~~" ~ = “ = ry 5 * ‘ = 7 to i = a —— jez S = = 7 a £ at cid P “ — ~ : = : - . | Bas? 7 fe 7 MEMOIRS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. VO sock: CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM. Z 1897. Mia Fang pene ae Rn AG oe eek RE ST UnIvVERsITy PREss: JOHN WILSON anD Son, CamsBrince, U.S. A. a. ars | | M ay, y fd CON TEN Ts: THE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA. By CuHarites WacusmutH and FRANK SPRINGER. Chapter X. Page 361 to end. —— > ——— wen —ys SS —- ~~ se = SS a — =e + fi nt SSS ae a pa rw a aE SS Ss tee S53. oS — a cece lta Say a ee — OT ier cine , a Hemoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology AT HARVARD COLLEGE. VoL. XXI. THE NORTH AMERICAN CRINOIDEA CAMERATA. By CHARLES WACHSMUTH anp FRANK SPRINGER. IN TWO VOLUMES WITH EIGHTY-THREE PLATES. Vou. II. CAMBRIDGE, U.S. A.: Wrinted for the fAuseum. May, 1897. = a = = SES I IE el — « & / j e t che § i d ~ th, SS TABLE OF CONTENTS. La SYSTEMATIC PART (continued). : : Pace PAGE | BATOCRINIDAE . . . - « . 9861-549 Phy SelOcuinusss sae parr Ue Os Analysis of the ena Sh tees . 3861 Cactocrinus: 47 fu aioe OO Geological and Geographical Distri- Deleiocriaus =n kg ee eee OG bution. Sports Sse een eee US SLD ROLMOLCiebab caer nee Sli gMolh Aer ge an (RG) Bato Crimi 6 ee ae 0 ea a SS AOD ET AD BatOCriINUS fy ks ahs - eee OG Analysis of the Genera . . . . . 642 POU MOREINIS eek a a ee Geological and Geographical Distri- Alloprosalloerinus.. <<< 2.8). a 206 WWHON |. = ee ee . | Hutrochectinus.*2 4-3 Ave a 408 Platyerinus ©. ) ° ‘Q |Low. Burlington. a 9 | 6 i ea 3|3|4 hat wa s | | a SN —— Pare — |. = Kinderhook. Ss Waverly. = 2 4 Beet Chouteau. & |Hamilton. 1 9 | 2 a a ule pen eet ill aeons a BENS | PA ts. a Mn ea ® Q | Up. Helderberg. |EHifel. (3) : : Wenlock. = ‘ 8 = MOIEEne Gotland. (1) 2 |(19) 1(4) (16) (6) 5 ae: fetes pate lakes bikes Rh Lh *% | Hudson River. 2 Total s ecies 203 } 1538/19/19], 1) 10) 6 | 4 | 22 AL) 10} 22) 2 Se teelpleg 2s a2 ee (50) (1) |(8) (19))(4) (16) \(1)} — |(6) Remarks. —The Batocrinide and Actinocrinide differ from the two preceding monocyclic families, Melocrinide and Calyptocrinide, in having a large anal plate separating the two posterior radials and resting upon the basals; and as a consequence of this a hexagonal base, which is composed ns a # sy) Sra SER asp ea See PE TNO og, nik, we EE eae 364 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. in all but two of the known genera in both families of three equal plates. The orientation of these plates is uniform throughout both families, viz. : the interbasal sutures are directed toward the anal plate and the two antero-lateral radials. The anal plate in the Batocrinide is heptagonal, and is followed by three plates in the first ie Me interbrachial row, viz.: a second anal and two CL], interbrachials ; whereas in the Actinocrinids Ont % SJ HugB the anal plate is hexagonal, and is followed 10 OLE (br. : An) ; () a no second anal. We regard the presence of SOS ® TOs a second anal within the first row of inter only by the two interbrachials, — there being VOS 4 (ib) Ay brachials as of considerable morphological im- ey DFS a US POs ee Se a portance. It is represented without exception i Gee from the Lower Silurian to the close of the 1 ahh PO ae Devonian in all monocyclic Camerata in which fest cehe Sv eR me anal plates occur; in the Kinderhook, for plate. i = supplementary anal. idr = the first time, we find both forms together: Boca the Actinocrinoid with but two plates above the first anal, and the Batocrinoid with three. When there are three basals, the superior edge of the basal cup is nine- angled, six of the angles being salient, the others retreating, and the suture lines are directed to the middle of the two antero-lateral radials and the anal plate. By this arrangement two of the radials are heptagonal, and the three others hexagonal. In Compsocrinus with four basals, the posterior and anterior basals are pentangular, the two others quadrangular, the anterior radial hexangular, all others heptangular. The alternate bifurcation of the arms from the two main branches of the rays, which is characteristic of the Actinocrinide, forms another well. marked distinction between the two families, and is also very constant. Among the Batocrinide this mode of bifurcation occurs only in Genn«o- crinus from the Upper Devonian, but there it goes along with a second anal; and we must regard this genus as a transition form toward the Actinocrinide. The paired arm structure also, although not a constant character, occurs only among the Batocrinide; never among the Actino- crinide. Another significant fact, tending to confirm the separation of the two groups as distinct families, is that so far as known the Batocrinide disappear in Europe with the dawn of the Carboniferous — except perhaps \ a eer BATOCRINIDZ&. 369 Megistocrinus, of which a species may possibly exist in the Mountain Lime- stone of England—and are replaced by the Actinocrinidz. This is also the case in the western territories of the United States. At Lake Valley, New Mexico, among many hundred Camerate Crinoids collected from the horizon of the Burlington group, we found only one or two straggling Batocrinoids. — A The genera for which this family is proposed, with the exception of Compsocrinus, have been heretofore referred by us and others to the Actinocrinidse, and most of the species were originally described under Actinocrinus. Even the genus Batocrinus was not accepted by the earlier writers. This was no doubt largely due to the fact that Casseday in describing the genus overlooked the arrangement of the plates of the anal area, which, as we think, forms the principal distinction between the two groups. He only alluded to the meeting of the distichals and palmars over the interbrachials, and the separation of the latter from the plates of the ventral disk. The importance of the structure of the anal area was pointed out by us in the Revision, Part II., p. 159, when we recognized the genus Batocrinus, but at that time we only made it the type of a subgroup under the Actinocrinide. Ae As now defined, the Batocrinide are by far the largest family of the Camerata, and they have a greater stratigraphic range than any except ; the Rhodocrinide, Lower Silurian, and continuing into the Warsaw. The family consists of rR appearing first in the Hudson River group of the eighteen genera, of which twelve, so far as known, are restricted to America, and six to Europe; while Periechocrinus and Megistocrinus occur on both sides of the Atlantic. Of these genera two hundred and three good species have been recognized, — fifty of them coming from Europe and one hundred and fifty-three from North America. There are in Europe two other genera which probably ought to be placed in this family, — Polypeltes Angelin, and Spyridiocrinus Oehlert ; but as the arrangement of the two or three proximal rings of plates in the calyx cannot be made out in the specimens, they may possibly belong to the Melocrinide. We have subdivided the genera of this family into two sections, which will considerably facilitate identification, viz. :— 366 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. A. Those in which the ventral disk is highly differentiated, the plates being large and heavy, and in which the arms do not branch beyond a minute axillary at the arm opening . . . BATOCRINITES. B. Those in which the ventral disk is composed of small, irregu- larly arranged plates, and the arms generally branch after Becominetitceue ate eles doe. aon « PERLECHOCRINITES, A. BATOCRINITES. BATOCRINUS Cassepay. 1854. Cassepay; Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch., Vol. VI. p. 237. 1857. Picter; Traité de Paléont., Vol. IV., p. 324. 1862. Dugsarpin and Hurt; Hist. naturelle des Zoophytes Echinod., p. 142. 1865. Mernx and Wortusn (Subgenus of Actinocrinus) ; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p- 153. 1866. Mszx and Wortuen (Subgenus of Actinocrinus); Geol. Rep. Ilinois, Vol. II., p. 150. 1869. Merx and Worruun ; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 350. 1873. Mex and Worturn; Geol. Rep. Illinois, Vol. V., p. 364. 1878. W.and Sp.; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 329. 1879. Zitre.; Handb. der Paleontologie, Vol. I., p. 370. 1881. W. and Sp.; Revision Paleoer., Part II., p. 162 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 336). 1885. Stemmann; Elemente der Paleontologie, Part I., p. 157. 1890. S.A. Miter; North Amer. Geol. and Paleont., p. 227. 1892. S.A. Mrtner; Adv. Sheets of the 18th Geol. Rep. Indiana, p. 23. Syn. Actinocrinus Gn part) SHumarp, Hatt, Wurre, McCursney, and Merk and WortHEen prior to 1865, QuENsTEDT as late as 1885. Syn. Uperocrinus (in part) Mrrx and Worruen, 1865; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 153. Calyx biturbinate to subglobose; the rays not lobed. Plates heavy, the surface more or less convex and frequently nodose, but otherwise not orna- mented. Basals three, proportionally large, forming a hexagonal cup thickened at the lower margin, and generally projecting laterally. Radials very large. Costals two, small, quite frequently anchylosed ; the first qua- drangular, almost linear; the second pentangular. Distichals and palmars as large as, or larger than the costals. Palmars are always represented, except occasionally in the anterior ray. The posterior rays frequently have post-palmars, which do not occur in the other rays. Arm openings equidis- tant, directed horizontally. Respiratory pores twenty, two above each interradius, and two to each interdistichal space; placed at a somewhat higher level than the arm openings. Arms twenty to twenty-six; in species with more than twenty arms the extra number is divided between the two SE ————e aL et ee — BATOCRINID. 367 posterior rays. ‘The arms are simple, very short, slightly incurving, and rounded on the back (never spatulate); the pinnules stout, deep, closely packed, and flattened at their lateral faces. Interbrachials separated from | the interambulacral pieces by the overarching palmars, which form a con- tinuous series around the calyx; the four regular sides have rarely more than three, of which the first is very large, those of the second row being small, while some species have but one. The anal plate is succeeded by three large pieces, and these variously by one, two, or three interbrachial plates. There are neither interdistichals nor interpalmars. Ventral disk convex; the plates of nearly uniform size, except the posterior oral, which is larger, more convex, and forms the base of the anal tube on the anterior side. Anal tube central, heavy and long, often reaching twice the length of the arms. Column stout, round; the axial canal small and pentangular. Distribution. — Batocrinus ranges from the Kinderhook to the lower part of the St. Louis group, and, so far as known, is restricted to America. Type of the genus: Batocrinus icosidactylus Cass. | Remarks. —— The genus Batocrinus was not accepted by Hall, White, or McChesney, who referred the respective species to Actinocrinus. Meek and Worthen were at first inclined to give it only subgeneric rank, but in 1873 recognized it as a full genus, in which they were followed by us in 1881. As the best distinction between Batocrinus and Actinocrinus, Casseday pointed out the closure of the fixed upper brachials over the interbrachial plates, and no doubt this is a most excellent character, and holds good in the typical species of Casseday. But unfortunately, among the species which Meek and Worthen afterwards referred to the genus, there are quite a number in which this rule does not apply, and these species, which have good generic characters of their own, have been eliminated by us, and made the types of independent genera. Satocrinus, as now restricted, differs from Evetmo- crinus in having short cylindrical arms in place of paddle-shaped ones, and in the greater length of the anal tube. Zutrochocrinus and Dizygocrinus differ from both of them in the tendency of the arms to double from the same opening. Macrocrinus and Lobocrinus have the rays lobed and the arms arranged in groups; in the former the anal tube is large and central, in the latter short and excentric. The arms of Bafocrinus are sometimes slightly flattened towards the tips, but never paddle-shaped like those of Eretmocrinus. 368 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. Batocrinus icosidactylus Cassepay, Plate XX VII. Figs. Sa, b, ¢. 1854. Batocrinus icosidactylus — CassEDAY ; Zeitsehr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch., Vol. VI., p. 238, Plate 2, Figs. 1, la-c. . 1857. Batocrinus icosidactylus — Pictnt; Traité de Paléont., Vol. IV., p. 324, Plate 101, Fig. 6. 1867. Actinocrinus (Batocrinus) icosidactylus — M.and W.; Geol. Rep. Illinois, Vol. V., p. 367. 1881. Batocrinus icosidactylus — W. aud Sp.; Revision Paleocr., Part IT., p. 166. 1885. ~ = we a - “aa ; “ EN PLATYCRINID&. (eo are thickened around the facets, which project considerably and face almost horizontally. Facets concave, semicircular, the surface crenulated at the margin, their middle portions distinctly granular, the upper end provided with shallow fossa; the distal faces directed obliquely outward and support- ing a large covering plate at each side of the ambulacral passage. Costals depressed pentagonal, five to six times as wide as long, the upper angles obtuse. Distichals as long as the costals at the median line, those of the same ray interlocking laterally with each other and with the palmars above; the axillary rhomboidal, the arm-bearing face directed obliquely to the side, the opposite one horizontally. The palmars have the same form as the dis- tichals, but are a little shorter.. Plates of the succeeding orders more cuneate and less regular in their arrangement; the axillaries upwards from the fourth or fifth order decidedly triangular, while -the plate below is but little higher at one side than at the other, an arrangement which gives to the upper part of the trunks a waving outline. The arms are set deeply into the trunks, and their two or three proximal plates actually form part of them, being suturally attached to the sides of four or five brachials, which are truncated for their reception. The arms are directed obliquely upwards, are biserial from the second plate, thicker at the proximal ends than at the distal, and they are not very long, the lower ones not rising to the top of the crown. ‘The ventral covering of the appendages has not been observed in this species, being hidden by the arms, but the transverse section shows that it was similar to that of HL. millebrachiatus. Ventral disk composed of comparatively few, large, very heavy and con- vex plates, among which the posterior oral occupies the central part. This is surrounded by eight plates of nearly the same size, viz., the four other orals, the proximal covering pieces of the posterior ambulacra, and two plates, which, together with two others of equal size, form a protuberance enclosing the anal opening. The covering pieces are large, but decrease somewhat in size as they approach the appendages. There are but three interambulacral plates in this species, transversely arranged, of which the middle one, although less convex than the other disk plates, is larger than any of them ; it 1s hexagonal, somewhat elongate, concave at the sides, and it stands erect, being completely visible in a side view. Column similar to that of #. millebrachiatus, but without wtodleire the long diameter of the joints proportionally greater, and the twist more Soi than in that species. The joints increase in length rather rapidly near the calyx, “ é Sa Sy aes et Se ae ae ee es RE EE ORE. =. Saar ara Y Aa ee 726 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. but less so toward the root, and from stem fragments we have seen we judge that the stem must have been quite long. | Horizon and Locality. — Upper Burlington limestone, Burlington and Augusta, Iowa. Type in the White collection at Ann Arbor, Mich. 2 emarks. —This is one of the most magnificent known species of Camer- Bi ate Crinoids, and one of the two finest specimens of it ever found at Bur- | | lington is in the British Museum. L a i | Eucladocrinus preenuntius W. and Sp. Plate LX XIII. Fig. 5. ’ | | 1878. Platycrinus prenuntius —W. and Sp.; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 249, Plate 2, Figs. 1 and ‘Bea | 2; also Revision, Part II., p. 74. . : oe | Of the type of Hucladocrinus pleuroviminus, but smaller, the tubular ips 25 . Onn PEF | extensions from the calyx much shorter, and giving off less than half the a | : number of arms. Dorsal cup saucer-shaped, its sides sharply angular. The ae lower part of the radials projecting over the deeply excavated basal disk, and not visible in a side view, or only the points of the angles visible, which Hild | are thickened and formed into rounded nodes. The margins of the radials | P| | are surrounded by a broad, thickened, rugose rim; while the space around | E the facets is depressed and without markings. The edges of the plates are s | profoundly beveled, producing deep channels all along the basi-radial and interradial sutures. | Basal disk pentangular, very deeply funnel-shaped below; the sides slightly concave; suture lines invisible. Radials rapidly spreading, twice as Yy | wide as long, moderately curving; the truncated upper faces but little slop- ing toward the regular interradial spaces, rather deeply at the anal side. aetna | Facet projecting, facing outward, semicircular, concave, very slightly notched iE at the upper end; the extreme outer margins striated. Costals wedge-shaped, y) not extending to the full depth of the facet. Distichals two, both quad- | rangular; the second narrower on top than at the bottom, its lateral outer I face giving off an arm to the side, the lateral inner face suturally united with that of its fellow of the adjoining division. The horizontal upper face sup- | ports four or five successive orders of brachials, each one consisting of two rather large pieces, and the upper one irregularly axillary ; one of the sides sloping and giving off an arm, the upper face the next order of brachials. PLATYCRINIDZ. gE Arms from six to seven to each main division, or twelve to fourteen to the ray; they stretch outward to the length of the palmars, and then bend upward and inward, being rounded on the back, flattened at the sides, and biserial from the second joint. Ventral disk fully twice as high as the dorsal cup, rather bulging; the plates large, heavy, and highly convex. Orals in contact laterally ; the posterior one central in position and larger than the others, which are oblong and pushed to the anterior side. The fixed covering plates of the ambulacra extend out from the orals beyond the limits of the calyx to about one half the length of the arms, and form together with the different orders of brachials large, tapering, tubular trunks, from which the arms are given off alternately at the sides. Interambulacral plates: 3, 2, 1, all large, but especially the middle one of the first row. At the anal side the middle plate is still larger, and is followed by nine or ten small plates, which take the place of the second row of plates at the other sides, and form a small pro- tuberance enclosing the anus. Above these plates there are two larger ones, which, together with the smaller orals, form a ring around the pos- terior one. Anal opening directed laterally. Stem elliptical, rapidly twist- ing, its long diameter nearly three times the shorter one; the joints slightly increasing in width, and their proximal and distal faces provided with a well defined ridge. Horizon and Locality. — Lower part of the Upper Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa, and several places in Missouri. Types in the collection of Wachsmuth and Springer. femarks. — This and the next species have the characters of the genus less pronounced than in the typical forms, and they represent transition forms in different degrees from Platycrinus. 728 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. Eucladocrinus tuberosus (Hatt). Plate LX XII. Figs. 5, 4 a, 0, ¢. a r 1858. Platyerinus tuberosus — Hai; Geol. Rep. Iowa, Vol. I., Part II., p. 534, Plate 8, Figs. 7a, 0. 1881. Platycrinus tuberosus — W. and Sv.; Revision, Part II., p. 76 (Proc. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil., p. 250). Syn. Platycrinus occidentalis 8. A. Minin, 1891; Geol. Surv. Missouri, Bull. 4, p. 10, Plate 1, Figs. 5, 6. se 2 ——SES SSS Hy Calyx wider than high, hemispheric to subpyramidal, slightly pentangular | in outline. Dorsal cup discoid and very short, resting on the projecting | margins of the radial facets ; the lower edges of the facets directed slightly iae downward, the limbs bending upward at a right angle. Ventral disk some- ry what bulging at the posterior side, and portions of the interambulacral plates visible from a dorsal aspect. Plates thin, without ornamentation, and san very little elevated ; the sutures slightly grooved. This species, in the form ct | of its brachial trunks, of which there is but one to the ray, and in the arrangement of its arms, which are extremely short and given off in clusters aa from the sides of the trunks, resembles certain species of Onychocrinus. Basal disk proportionally small, with a small depression in the middle for the proximal column joint. Interbasal sutures obsolete. Radials subhex- agonal, lying horizontally to near the facets, where they are twice as wide as iy | aaa | at the bottom. ‘The facets occupy less than half the width of the plates; | they are semi-elliptical, greatly projecting, directed more or less obliquely downward; they are deeper excavated in the middle, and the margin is | Sy || obscurely striated. Calycime appendages heavy but short, their transverse section oblong. They are directed obliquely downward to their full length, and are composed of five successive orders of brachials, which give off arms from the outer sides. The different orders, except the costals, consist of two plates each, and are roofed by two series of rigid, very large covering pieces. | Costals extremely large, reaching a length of 6 to 7mm.; they are rounded eh | : on the back, the sides abruptly curving inward, and the distal faces, although axillary, almost straight. Distichals 2 x 2, a little wider than long and quadrangular; the second pentangular and irregularly axillary. The latter plates give off 2 X 2 X 2 palmars, of which the outer ones support a cluster oe er oe 3308 a oe | of arms; while the inner ones take part in the calycine appendages. The . lower plates of the outer series are trigonal, and rest upon the sloping upper faces of the distichals and against the sloping lower faces of the inner palmars PLATYCRINID &. 729 in such a manner, that the direction of the arms is at right angles to the trunks. The second palmars of the inner sides support two orders of post- palmars, the lower one giving off one arm, the upper two. One of the latter arms branches again in its biserial stage so that there are four arms to each cluster. Similar sets of arms are given off from the fourth order of brachials at both sides of the trunks, and also from the distal end. The plates of the ventral disk are comparatively large and rather promi- nent; the posterior oral more elevated than any of the rest, and slightly excentric, leaning to the posterior side; the four others somewhat smaller ; all sharply angular and sometimes spiniferous at their summits. The cover- ing pieces of the disk are quite regularly arranged in two rows. Interambu- lacral plates: 3, 2, 1; the middle one of the first range almost as large as the posterior oral, and the corresponding plate of the anal side even larger. Column rather small for the. species, the long diameter of the joints not more than once and a half that of the shorter one; the proximal joint cir- cular, and those succeeding it increasing moderately in length. Horizon and Locality. — Upper Burlington limestone, Burlington, Iowa, and Sedalia, Mo. Type in the (Worthen) Illinois State collection, Springfield. Remarks. —'This species departs in its arm structure from all other known Platycrinoids, and also is readily identified by the form of the dorsal cup. There is no other species known from the Burlington limestone in which the arm facets are directed downward, and in which the calyx rests upon the projecting edges of the radial facets; nor any in which the basal disk is so small proportionally as in this species. It is extremely rare, and was always recognized with ease by the Burlington collectors; but one specimen has ever been found showing the structure of the arms, and that is the crushed specimen in our own collection, which we have figured. 92 if | 730 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. MARSUPIOCRINUS Putt. (Not Marsupicrinites BLAINVILLE = Marsupites Mant., nor Marsupiocrinites Watu = Lyriocrinus). 1839. Puitures apud Murcutson; Silur. System, p. 672. 1842. Austin; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. X., p. 109. ie57/- Picrur; Traite de Paleont., Vol. 1V., p. 3382. 1860. Dusarpin and Hurt; Hist. naturelle des Zoophytes, p. 149. 1878. Anegetin; Icon. Crinoid. Suec., p. 2. 1879. Zirte.; Handb. der Paleont., Vol. I., p. 365. 1881. W. and Sp.; Revision, Part II., p. 62 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 236). 1890. §. A. Minter; North Amer. Geol. and Palzont., p. 260. Syn. Platycrinus Gn part) — F. Rozmer, 1860; Silur. Fauna West. Tenn., p. 35. Syn. Cupellecrinus —Troost; 1850, List Crin. Tenn., p. 61; described by Shum. 1866; Cat. Paleoz. Fossils (Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. II., p. 361). —————— Closely related to Platycrinus, but the lower brachials and the first plate of the interradial series entering rather more into the dorsal cup; the radial facets, instead of being excavated, are nearly straight; the column circular instead of elliptic ; and the axial canal very much larger and pentagonal. Basals arranged as in Platycrinus, and similarly anchylosed. Radials large, hexagonal in outline; the upper face supports not only the costals but also the distichals ; it is straight, or slightly indented for the reception of each plate. Costals one, very small and trigonal. Distichals one when there is another bifurcation above; they are small, resting with their lower faces upon the radials, with one of their lateral faces against a large interbrachial ‘ie plate, and at the opposite side against the adjoining distichal of the same ray. Arms from two to four to the ray, rather stout and biserial; the pinnules large. Ventral disk hemispheric; the orals rather small, pushed anteriorly, and quite asymmetrically arranged. The ambulacral plates con- sist of regular rows of covering pieces, which branch upon the disk, and are | separated trom those of adjoining rays by rather large interambulacral plates, ie and the branches from one another by one or two interaxillaries. Column | le | of uniform size throughout, and, so far as observed, without cirri, except r { i | perhaps at the extreme end. The joints circular, each pair of nodal joints iF Tt | enclosing an internodal; the axial canal moderately large and pentagonal. z)) tS » Distribution. —The genus occurs in Europe as well as America, and is ii | | restricted to the upper Silurian. J | Type of the genus: Marsupiocrinus celatus Phill. if | | Remarks. — Among his list of the Crinoidea of Tennessee, Troost gives | if | under Cupellecrinus the following species: Cupellecrinus Buchi, C. corrugatus, Hal ER wt ——" a — i E r _ = SS — hi ! a PLATYCRINID ZA. He Gilk CO. inflatus, C. levis, C. magnificus, C. pentagonalis, C’. roseeformis, C. stellatus, and C. striatus, — all from Decatur Co., Western Tennessee — which in all probability are mere varieties of Marsupiocrinus tennesseensis (Roemer). A fizure of the ventral side of MW. depressus Ang., from the Upper Silurian ot Gotland, Sweden, is given on Plate II1., Fig. 23. Marsupiocrinus tennesseensis (Rormer). : 3 Plate LX XV. Figs. 16a, b. | 1860. Platycrinus tennesseensis —RonmeER; Silur. Fauna West. Tenn., p. 35, Plate 3, Figs. 4a, 4, «, 1881. ee tennesseensis — W. and Sr.; Revision., Part IL, p. 65 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 239). A rather large species. Calyx greatly depressed, its width about twice | its height, the latter equally divided between cup and tegmen. Dorsal cup _ saucer-shaped, the base flat, the sides slightly convex, rapidly spreading. ’ Plates moderately thin and flat, the ornamentation somewhat variable. In the majority of specimens the surface of the plates densely covered with somewhat irregular, very fine, closely arranged, longitudinal and transverse striee ; the longitudinal ones running in almost parallel lines from the upper edges of the radials to the foot of the basals; the transverse ones, which are restricted to the lateral margins of the radials, traverse the sutures, and meet the longitudinal ones at an angle; the successive angles, as they follow the plates, forming an oblique line from the top of the radials to their lower angles. In other specimens the striz are broken up into rows of small nodes, some of which are round, but most of them elongate, giving to the surface a peculiar rugose appearance. Sutures not grooved, and often difficult to see. Basals spreading horizontally, forming a flat, sharply pentangular disk ; the column facet surrounded by a small, circular ridge, and the space within slightly excavated; the axial canal rather large and pentagonal. Radials hexagonal ; greatest width to length as seven to four, rapidly spreading to two thirds their height, the upper faces almost straight, beg but very slightly indented for the reception of the costals; the sloping upper faces forming a deep notch with corresponding faces of adjoining plates. Costals extremely small even for the genus, trigonal, a little wider than long. Distichals two, quite unlike in form and size; the first rather large and sub- lunate, one of its sides abutting against the costals and meeting above with A Sn hres: 732 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA its fellow of the same ray, the opposite side against the large interradial plate, the lower face resting upon the radials. The second distichal trigonal, very small, not larger than the costals, the two of the same ray together forming a triangle, from the sloping sides of which the arms are given off, the lower arm plates resting partly upon the distichals. Arms two to the ray, 3 divergent, rapidly tapering at the base, and rather slender above; they are biserial from their origin, and the proximal row of arm plates takes part in the calyx. First plate of the interradial series very large, its lower portion SS y= - constituting a part of the dorsal cup, the upper part entering into the ventral disk; it bends abruptly inward at two thirds its height, forming | a sharp edge along the margin. The lower end of the plate deeply wedged in between the radials, the middle portion resting against the sides of the ES ee: Sawa == — distichals, the inflected upper end against the covering plates of the ambu- ; lacra. This plate at the four regular sides is followed by two rows of inter- == yall ambulacral plates, generally arranged three and two, of which the upper ‘eal row abuts against the orals. The anal side has from ten to twelve plates a | of irregular arrangement. Ventral disk depressed hemispheric, the plates tt | tumid, with a small tubercle in the middle. Orals excentric and asymmetrical, the posterior one wider than long, but not larger than the others. Ambu- aa | Jacral plates much smaller than the surrounding plates; the primary ambu- | Jacra roofed by three series of plates, the two outer ones consisting of short, transverse pieces, separated by a few elongate plates. The covering pieces | | of the secondary ambulacra much smaller, and separated by one or two | large interaxillary pieces; they are composed of two rows of regularly alter- WA) | nating plates. Anus almost central. Column round, so far as observed; the axial canal pentagonal. Horizon and Locality. — Niagara group; Decatur and Wayne Cos., Tenn. Lypes in the Mineralogical Museum at Breslau, Germany. 1 Weed Marsupiocrinus striatus W. and Sp. (nov. spec.). ays Plate LXXV. Figs. 17, 18. A little larger than the preceding species, sometimes attaining a width of 6cm. Calyx twice as wide as hich, height of the dorsal cup about equal to that of the disk. Dorsal cup truncated to near the middle of the radials, then abruptly spreading upwards, the upper end slightly curving inward. Plates densely covered by fine stria passing from the radial facets out to the PLATYCRINID&. Io3 interradial and basi-radial sutures, and from the Jatter to the column. Suture lines faintly grooved, except the interbasal ones, which are obsolete. Ventral disk low hemispherical, the plates convex. Basal disk a little concave, large, decagonal in outline, the faces meeting the radials being more or less distinctly angular. Column facet small, cir- cular, slightly excavated, and surrounded by a faint ridge; the axial canal large and obscurely pentagonal. Radials at their widest place twice as wide as long. Costals extremely small. Distichals large, their outer lateral faces longer than those meeting the costals, their lower faces resting upon the radials. Interradial plate large, placed vertically; the extreme upper end slightly incurving ; its lower faces rest between two of the radials, the lateral ones between the second costals, and the three upper support three interam- bulacrals, which are followed by two others in the next row, and these by the orals. Orals quite asymmetrical and small. Ambulacra exposed at the disk, the covering pieces very regularly arranged; composed of rather short, transverse pieces alternately disposed. Horizon and Locality. — Niagara group; Decatur Co., West. Tennessee. Types in the collection of Wachsmuth and Springer. fiemarks.— This species differs from IM. tenneseensis in the very much larger basal disk, which in this species is generally decagonal. The differ- ences in the ventral disk are also quite marked, the ambulacral plates especially being much larger. | Marsupiocrinus tentaculatus* (Hatz). Plate LXXV. Figs. 19a, b. 1858. Platyerinus tentaculatus —Hati; Paleont. N. York, Vol. III., p- 116, Plate 5, Figs. 1-4. 1881. Marsupiocrinus tentaculatus —W. and Sp.; Revision, Part IL., p. 65 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 239). A much smaller species than the preceding one, and having twice as - many arms. Dorsal cup short, bowl-shaped, slightly lobed at the top. Surface of plates ornamented by radiating ridges, of which seven or eight proceed from the lower edge of the costals to the basi-radial and interradial sutures, and to the basals, where they end in a circular rim surrounding the column facet. * The specific name has reference to the large pinnules, which by some of the earlier writers were called tentacles. ‘ = a ee a E saa en ~ ems = ~ . aaah - = — ass —— a — x a) = aa Ae eo in olen Lae Sa = -- > Se : SSS ha Re me —— ie 734 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. Basals short, the sutures visible. Radials not quite as wide as long, hex- angular; the upper face for the reception of the costals and distichals a little concave; the sloping upper faces forming a deep notch for the reception of a large interbrachial plate. Costals moderately large for the genus, trigonal, wider than high. Distichals a little larger than the costals; pentagonal and axillary. They rest with their lower faces upon the radials, and with one of their lateral ones against each other, with the opposite one against a large interbrachial, which rises to the top of the first arm plate, incorporating this with the calyx. Arms four to the ray; the five or six proximal arm plates wedge-form, and arranged in a single series; the succeeding ones gradually changing from cuneate to pentangular, and disposed in two rows; the sur- face of the plates somewhat convex and thickened in the direction of the pinnules. Pinnules heavy, composed of long joints, thickened at the ex- tremities, and slightly constricted along the middle. The proximal pinnule of the two inner arms of the ray is given off from the inner side, that of the two outer arms from the outer side of the ray. Structure of ventral disk unknown. Horizon and Locality. — Lower Helderberg group; Schoharie, New York. (?) Marsupiocrinus prematurus (Hatz and Wurrr.). Plate LX XIL Figs. 11a, b. 1875. Platycrinus prematurus — Hatt and Wuarrrietp: Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. II., p. 124, Plate 6, Figs. 3 to 6. 1885. Marsupiocrinus prematurus —W.and Sr.; Revision, Part IIL, p. 115 (Proceed, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 337). Of medium size. Dorsal cup not as high as wide, strongly quinquelobate in a dorsal aspect, owing to the thickened, tumid character of the radials, which form the widest part of the calyx; the sides of the cup rapidly contracting to both ends. Plates heavy and strongly convex; the surface smooth. Basals moderately large, constituting only a small proportion of the height of the dorsal cup; their centres tumid, and projecting downward in the form of three strong, rounded nodes; the inner portion of the plates, which forms the columnar attachment, deeply concave. The interbasal sutures distinctly grooved. Radials large, more than once and a half as wide as long, the facet for the reception of the costals and distichals somewhat indented, ee ee . . PAP tome - Cm —< Fe a eee es, ~ ‘ = = A. ~ = stim: = bzw “ = SSE Mi AEN Ue I IN = = F ‘ ne ES ————— Ce z= ——— — = SSS ESS PLATYCRINIDZ. TOD the outer ends to the sides of the facets slightly truncated by the first inter- radial plate, which is strictly interbrachial, rising only to the top of the first distichals. Costals small, as long as wide, trigonal, the sides convex; they occupy a third of the radial facets, the other two thirds being occupied by , the distichals. Distichals two; the first a little larger than the costals, those of the same ray meeting above the latter. Second distichals sub- quadrangular, separated from the first by a deep groove; their outer edges distinctly excavated at the upper end, forming a well defined, semicircular facet for the reception of the arms, which face nearly horizontal. Second distichals separated interradially by two very small interbrachial plates. Arms two to the ray; their structure and that of the ventral disk unknown. Horizon and Locality. — Niagara group; near Greenville, Darke Co., and at Cedarville, Greene Co., Ohio. Type in the collection of Rev. H. Hertzer of Berea, Ohio. ftemarks.— The description and figure were made by Hall from a gutta percha impression of a natural mould in the rock. The specimen figured on Plate LXXV., Fig. 14, may represent a Marsupiocrinus, but is more probably, we think, a Culcocrinus. It was found in the Niagara at Maquo- keta, Iowa. CORDYLOCRINUS Aner. 1878. Ancztin; Iconogr. Crinoideorum Suecie, p. 3. 1879. Zirren; Handb. der Paleontologie, Vol. I., p. 365. 1881. W. and Sp.; Revision, Part II., p. 60 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p- 234). Syn. Platycrinus (m part) — Putiurrs; Murchison’s Siluria, 2d ed., Plate 14, Fig. 9. Angelin defines this genus as follows: “ Basalia tria, connata. Radialia primaria permaxima, cetera magnitudine multoties superantia; secundaria et tertiaria transversa. Interradialia in tribus verticillis. Brachia quin- que bidigitata, pinnule longissime.” He places the genus under the Platycrinide, and refers to it a single species from Gotland, of which he gives a figure. This species has close affinities with the three Amer- ican species which Hall (Paleontology New York, Vol. II., pp. 113 to 116) described as Platycrinus plumosus, P. parvus, and P. ramulosus. The latter undoubtedly. are generically identical with a small form from the Wenlock group of Dudley, known under the name of Platycrinus retiarius Phill., and with two other undescribed species which also occur in the neighborhood of Dudley: one with four arms to the ray, the other FN TS aa, a RET ERTS kM ee RR = Oe EIS > - SE NTT TE IST PT aa here. 736 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. b) somewhat larger, with only two arms like ‘“ Platycrinus”’ retiarws, but these beautifully sculptured. All these species, including Cordylocruvus com- tus, agree in the basals and radials with Platycrinus, but have two costals instead of one, and their arms are uniserial as in the young Platyerinus, their pinnules large and not in contact laterally. The only point of doubt, and ss upon which possibly a generic separation from the Gotland form might be justified, is that the American and Dudley specimens have whorls of cirri from all their nodal joints, which are not indicated in the Swedish Cordylo- crinus comtus. However, cirri may have been represented also in that species, and until their absence is satisfactorily proved, we must refer all the above forms to that genus. The interradial plates, which Angelin described as distributed in three series, in all those species form a part of the disk, only the lower one resting between the brachials. Hall describes a “ probos- cis” in “ Platycrinus” plumosus, which is imperfectly shown in the specimen, and it is possible that the other species have a similar structure. We propose the following generic diagnosis : — Basals and radials as in Platycrinus. Costals two, narrow, attached to a small facet. Arms from two to four to the ray. When four, the last bifur- cation takes place from the sixth, or as high as the ninth distichal. The arms are long and uniserial; composed either of wedge-form plates alter- nately arranged, or of quadrangular, transverse pieces. Pinnules stout and long, not in contact. The first interradial plates resting against the costals. Column round, with numerous internodal joints, and cirrus-bearing. The cirri very long, directed upward, the upper ones rising to almost half the height of the crown, and arranged in whorls of three to four to the arm | Byes joint. q ods Distribution. — This genus is restricted to the Wenlock group in England a) Oy : __ and Sweden, and to the Upper Helderberg in America. Type of the genus: Cordylocrinus comtus Ang). ~I wo ~I PLATYCRINIDZ. Cordylocrinus plumosus (Ha11). Plate LXXV. Fig. 20. 1859, Platycrinus plumosus — Haus ; Paleont. New York, Vol. IIL, p. 113, Plate 4, Figs. 1 to 5. 1881. Cordylocrinus plumosus —W. and Sr.; Revision, Part II., p. 60 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Syn. gene parous — Hat; Paleont. New York, Vol. IIT., p. 114, Plate 4, Figs. 6 to 9. Syn. Cordylocrinus parous— W. and Sp.; Revision, Part II., p. 60. A small species. Dorsal cup subpentangular, expanding to the arm bases; surface of plates finely granulated. Basals very thin, wider than Jong, the column facet small. Radials excavated for the reception of the costals. The three radials meeting an interbasal suture distinctly angular at the lower end, the two others nearly straight. The upper faces of those adjoining the anal side forming a deep notch, occupied by a large pentan- gular plate, which is succeeded by a smaller plate forming the base of a proboscidiform tube (Hall, Plate 4, Fig. 3). Costals two. Arms two to the ray, composed of transverse, slightly wedge-form pieces, giving off large pinnules, which are not in contact laterally, Column composed of nodal — and internodal joints, the latter rapidly increasing in number, the nodal joints giving off whorls of cirri, one to each side, interradially arranged. The cirri are formed of short pieces; they are filiform and directed upwards, often so long that the tips of the proximal ones pass up to the top of the arms. Horizon and Locality.— Lower Helderberg group; Schoharie, Herkimer Con Ne Ye fiemarks. — We have not examined Hall’s types, but doubt if they show much more of the structure. The form which Hall described as Platycrinus porvus 18 mn our opinion a younger form of Cordylocrinus plumosus. (?) Cordylocrinus ramulosus (Hat).* 1858. Platycrinus ramulosus — Hau ; Paleont. New York, Vol. III., p. 115, Plate 4, Figs. 10 to 13. . 1881. Cordylocrinus ramulosus — W. and Sv.; Revision, Part II., p. 60 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 234). Dorsal cup small. Basals wider than long. Radials comparatively large, wider than long, very prominent below the facets, and contracted toward 12, the upper lateral angles. Costals two, very small. Arms bifurcating from * This species may belong to a very different group. It was apparently described from very imperfect specimens, and not having seen the types, we give Hall’s description with our terminology. 93 —— or 738 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. the second costals, and again from the tenth distichal. Arm joints wider | than long, rounded on the back, and with strong pinnules composed of joints a little longer than wide. Column round, rather large, the joints growing thicker downward. Cirri have not been observed. Horizon and Locality. — Upper Helderberg group; Schoharie, Herkimer Conan. COCCOCRINUS Mutter. 1855. Jou. Mitten; Verh. Naturhist. Verein Rheinlande, Vol. XII., p. 20. 1857. Pictur; Traité de Paléont., Vol. IV., p. 310, Plate 100, Fig. 3. 1860. F. Rormer; Foss. Fauna West. Tennessee, p. 51. 1862. Dusarpin and Hur; Hist. Natur. des Zoophytes, p. 107. 1879. Zitren; Handb. der Paleont., Vol. I., p. 347. 1881. W. and Sp., Revision, Part II., p. 58 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 282). 1844. P. Hers. Carpenter; Challenger Rep. of the Stalked Crinoids, pp. 160 to 163. 1885. W. and Sp.; Revision, Part ILI., p. 114 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 336). 1887. W.and Sp.; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 22. 1889. Nzumayr; Stamme des Thierreiches, p. 470. 1890. S. A. Mitter; North Amer. Geol. and Paleont., p. 232. Syn. Platycrinus (in part) Ropmer; Rhein. Uebergangsgeb., p. 68, Plate 3, Fig. 3. Coccocrinus is the simplest possible form of the Camerata, the calyx | consisting only of three basals, five radials, two costals, five small inter- brachials and five orals. As in Platycrinus, two of the basals are larger and | equal, and the third, which is but half the size of the others, has the same orientation as in that genus. The radials are large, as in all Platycrinide, and excavated at the upper end to form a facet for the reception of the tofore supposed), The upper costal is axillary, and supports two arms, which. apparently were delicate. The interbrachials rest at all sides upon the truncated upper angles of the radials, and against both costals. The ventral disk is covered entirely by five large orals which slightly touch the radials; they meet in the centre, but are parted on approaching the arm bases, where they leave narrow slits, at the bottom of which small portions ' : costals, which consist of two short, transverse plates (not of one as here- | | | | of the disk ambulacra make their appearance ; while they are at the upper | end altogether subtegminal. The lower margin of the posterior oral, and | the upper of the interbrachial plate below, are deeply excavated, and form | a large, circular anal opening. Column round. | / Distribution. — Two species have been described, one from the Niagara | group of Western Tennessee, the other from the Middle Devonian of the Kifel, Germany. PLATYCRINID ZA. 739 Type of the genus: Coccocrinus rosaceus (Roemer). Remarks.— Coccocrinus has close affinities with Culiococrinus Miiller, closer even than has been generally supposed. The former was described by Miiller as having only one costal, while he recognized two in the latter, and made this the principal distinction between the two genera. Specimens in our collection show conclusively that not only C. bacca, but also C. rosaceus, has two costals. The only difference in the calyx upon which a generic separation might be upheld, is that in Culicocrinus the disk ambulacra are completely subtegminal, while those of Coccocrinus are partly exposed. The disk ambulacra, which are indicated in our specimen of C. rosaceus, are very narrow, and composed of minute alternating pieces, but too small to be satistactorily represented in our figure 14 on Plate III. Coccocrinus bacca Roemer. Plate LXXV. Fig. 15. 1860. F. Roemer; Silur. Fauna des Westl. Tenn., p. 51, Plate 4, Figs. 5a, 6, ¢. 1881. W. and Sp.; Revision, Part IL., p. 60 (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 234). A small species. Dorsal cup bowl-shaped, wider than high, subpentan- gular from a basal aspect, and somewhat asymmetrical in its general form. Plates smooth ; the suture lines not grooved and frequently invisible. Basals large, forming a low, rounded, pentangular basin, provided with a small, circular facet for the reception: of the column. Radials a little wider than long, the sides nearly parallel, the median portions slightly curved longitudinally and projecting outward. Three of the radials of similar form and symmetrical, the two posterior ones of irregular outline: the limbs toward the anal side rising considerably above the level of those of the opposite side; radial facets occupying two thirds the width of the plates. Costals two, very short; the upper one axillary with obtuse upper angle. The interbrachial pieces as large as the two costals together; their lower ends resting within a small notch formed by the radials, the sides against both costals, and against the ambulacra, the truncated upper face against the orals. Four of the plates are equal and stand at the same level, their upper ends inflected; the posterior one is erect and elevated above the others. Anus excentric, at the top of the posterior interbrachial, which at its upper end bends longitudinally inward so that its sides meet and form asmall tube. The orals unknown. eee 740 THE CRINOIDEA CAMERATA OF NORTH AMERICA. Horizon and Locality. — Niagara group; Perry Co., Tenn. Types in the Mineralogical Museum at Breslau, Germany. Remarks. — Roemer’s figures are misleading. The calyx is not symmet- rical, as he represented it, and the interbrachial pieces bend but slightly Gaz = inward, even at the four regular sides. Neither do we find the small plates at their sides, nor the linear ambulacral slits; the spaces between the upper ends of the interbrachial plates are occupied by several small pieces, which are probably covering plates of the ambulacra. He also fails to represent the costals; they are plainly seen in two of the four specimens in our collec- tion occupying the part which in Roemer’s figure appears as if constituting a projection of the radials. HEXACRINIDA W. and Sp. Monocycuic. RADIALS IN CONTACT EXCEPT AT THE POSTERIOR SIDE, WHERE THEY ARE SEPARATED BY AN ANAL PLATE. BASALS FORMING A HEXAGON. STRUCTURE OTHER- WISE AS IN THE PLATYCRINIDA. Analysis of the Genera. A. BASALS 3. 1. Costals 1 or 2. Arms in form of main trunks giving off lateral branches; uni- SORIA] ve ca: So A EO 2+ ST naa = = = — - — . . Zs ~ eae S. a Base, 33, 52, 66, 152. bipartite, 54, 56. hexagonal, 165, 363. pentagonal, 165, 645. —— quadripartite, 54, 56. tripartite, 54, 56. Bathycrinus, 41, 63, 142. aldrichensis, 65. (Pl. VI, fig. 10.) Batocrinide, 79, 86, 124, 165, 170, 361. Batocrinites, 77, 86, 861, 366. Batocrinus, 77, 109, 115, 120, 364, 366, 413, 554, abscissus, 431. —— cequabilis, 369. — equalis, 371. (Pl. XXVIII, figs. 5, 6.) —— cquibrachiatus, 440. var. alatus, 441. agnatus, 451. altiusculus, 409. — andrewsianus, 4338. — aspratilis, 380. — asteriscus, 441. bisbrachiatus, 409. biturbinatus, 427. — Blairi, 401. —— boonvillensis, 422. — bulbosus, 444. — Calvini, 373. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 8a, b.) — calyculoides, 395. — calyculus (indeterminable). —— cantonensis, 383. (Pl. X XVII, figs. 7a, b.) carica, 448. cassedayanus, 442. clavigerus (indeterminable). cloclia, 398. — Christyi, 409. —— clypeatus, 380. (Pl. XXVII, figs. 8a-e.) comparilis, 380. corbulis, 399. crawfordsvillensis, 417. —— Davist, 424. decoris, 420. discoideus, 369. — divalis, 425. dodecadactylus, 432. doris, 871. euconus, 480. facetus, 418. formosus, 369. gemmiformis, 449. —— Gorbyi, 426. os wine a om (Pl. LXXV, fig. 6.) coxanus, 763. (Pl. LX XVI, fig. 9.) (Pl. LXXVI, figs. (Pl. LXXVII, elegans (Lyon and Cass.), 786. expansus (IM. and W.), 756. —— ficus, 774, (Pl. LXXVIII, figs. 16a, b.) —— fusiformis, 754. hamiltonensis, 772. 10.) —— Humburgi, 777. —— Huntsville, 773. (Pl. —— inornatus, 44, 377, 770. figs. 12a, b.) figs. 2a—c.) levis, 765, 768. (P 7a-C.) lineatus, 761, 763. 4a-c.) liratus, 759. (Pl. LXXVII, figs. 3a, b.) (Pl. LXXVI, fie. LXXV, fig. 4) (Pl. LXOevi, lachrymosus, 103, 754. (Pl. LXXVI, l. LXXVII, figs. (Pl. LXXVI, figs. LXXVI, fig. 8; —— oblongus, 759. (Pl. LX XVII, fig. 9.) —— ornatus, 762, 763. 6.) (Pl. LXXVII, figs. 8a, b.) —— parvulus, 44, 778. —— pendens, 774, 775. 15.) —— pentalobus, 775. (PI. 11a-c.) (Pl. LXXVI, LXXVII, fig. inkees 7 (Pl. LXXVIII, fig. LXXVIII, figs. -_ 4 + af _— — ——— _ ‘ ~ - —<——- = t = > 7 = eT — — C - ™ _< a ‘ mae = 1 ay le - a = - —_/ . sy vs Py - - call 2 4 7 = a i . 7 » - ? ‘ a — _- -a = — — $$$ —- ~— - ; a = ee eee ke a ae -_ — — —— i — - _ — = Sg one a ——— en ee ne ion — = 2 ~~ - - 4 = = = = a ™ ——— — a - = = ae 7 ri a tg ¥ - 7 - — = ; 4 civ eS ek cae 4 "Aa ke br ro E SS. Ss ESiae = > - ——e' _ _ wr! = : - ne ROSES Ea Se ey aaa te AN EA Ta a ee 3 ee = i i . ee : Sn GENERAL INDEX. 825 Dorycrinus, 102, 107, 121, 362, 414, 454, 484, | Epizygal, 34, 81. 487, 554, 586. (PI. IV, fig. 5.) Eretmocrinus, 361, 367, 375, 380, 385, 414, amenus, 477. O04, canaliculatus, 455, 475. adultus, 422, concavus, 455, 482. calyculoides, 395. (Pl. XXXIV, figs. confragosus, 401. la-4.) a —— cornigerus, 458, 460. (PI. XLII, figs. nodosus, 396. (Pl. XXXIV, figs. 6, 7, 8.) | 5, 6; XLII, fig. 5; XLIV, figs. 6, 7.) cartea, 448. desideratus, 463. clio, 375, 393, 394. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. elegans, 480. 2a, b; XX XVII, figs. 9a, b.) — Gouldi, 456. (PI. XLIII, figs. 2, 3; elelia, 398. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 4a, b.) XLIV, figs. 4, 5.) corbulis, 399, 401. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. emmaturus, 471. da-6.) inflatus, 468, 470. — coronatus, 403. (Pl. Ill, fig. 18; -—— intermedius, 461. (Pl. XLIV, fig. 1.) XXXVI, figs. 7a-c.) —— Kelloggi, 478. depressus, 392. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 11a, b.) lineatus, 468. gemmiformis, 449. —— Mississippiensis, 455. (Pl. III, fig. 20; granuliferus, 390. (Pl. XXXIV, figs. XLII, fig. 1; XLIV, figs. 2, 3.) 5a-C.) —. var. spiniger, 455. intermedius, 404. (Pl. XXXIII, figs. -—— Missouriensis, 463. (P]. XLIII, fig. 6; 2a-C.) XLV, figs. 13a—14.) parvibasis, 473. parvus, 477, 479. Konincki, 447. —— leucosia, 401. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 7a-C. ) lyonanus, 386. | | / ) ' ; —— radiatus, 472. -—— pendens, 468. magnificus, 382, 386. (Pl. XXXVI, “—— quinquelobus, 460. (Pl. XLII, figs. 7-9.)| fig. 3.) —- var. tntermedius, 461. matuta, 396. (Pl. XXXVII, figs. 6a-C.) —— var. attenuata, 397. J —— Roemeri, 464. (Pl. XLV, figs. 15a, b.) |—— minor, 391. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 10a, b.) —— spinosulus, 478. —— heglectus, 394. (Pl. XXXVI, fig. 3.) . — subaculeatus, 4.76. originarius, 422. —— subturbinatus, 466. (Pl. XLII, figs.| —— pregravis,405. (Pl. XXXIV, figs. 9, 10.) | 10a, b.) ramulosus, 387, 390. (Pl. XXXVII, . tricornis, 468. figs. 4a—5d.) remibrachiatus, 388. (Pl. XXXVII, figs. 2a, b.) var. expansus, 390. (Pl. XXXVI, fig. 1; XX XVII, figs. 1a,b; XLIV, fig. 9.) —— rugosus, 402. (Pl. XXXVI, figs. 9a-c.) —— varsoviensis, 421. —— unicornis, 468. (Pl. XLV, figs. 8a-10.) —— unispina, 467. (Pl. XLV, fig. 12.) Ectenocrinus, 41, 129, 133. simplex, 71. Edriocrinus, basals of, 59, 145. Lidwardsocrinus, 647. Eleutherocrinus, 145. Emedullata, 30. Encrinide, 87, 117, 162. Encrinites, 12, 647. Encrinus, 11, 14, 63, 69, 80, 127, 133, 152, 160, 162. —— liliiformis, 11, 80, 140. — gracilis, 80. Entrochites, 11. Epactocrinus grandis, 82. Epascocrinoidea, 29, 148. —— verneuilianus, 450. Erisocrinus, 24, 80, 128, 127, 133, 162. Hucalyptocrinide, 330. Eucalyptocrinus, 209, 330, 882, 353. armosus, 335. - chicagoensis, 342. — celatus, 336, 339. (Pl. LXXXIII, figs. 5-7.) celatus (Roemer, not Hall), 341. conicus, 335. constrictus, 342. K, 104 nl , ila ema x — aaa ee =n rae ee 826 GENERAL INDEX. Eucalyptocrinus cornutus, 335, 357. erassus, 51, 342, 345. (Pl. LXXXI, figs. 1-15.) decorus (Hall), 336. decorus (Phillips), 387. (Pl. LX XXII, fig. 15.) depressus, 349. (Pl. LXXXIII, figs. 2, 4b.) —— Egani, 352. (Pl. LX XXII, figs. 11, 12.) ellipticus, 335. —— Elrodi, 336, 339, 340. (Pl. LXXXI, figs. 7a-13.) excavatus, 335. extensus, 3309. gibbosus, 335. — Goldfusst, 335. Gorbyt, 348. —— inconspectus, 346. (Pl. LXXXII, figs. ipso) —— levis, 335. —— Lindahli, 347. (Pl. LX XXII, fig. 9.) —— magnus, 348. (Pl. LX XXII, figs. 7, 8.) muralis, 337. nashville, 335. —— obconicus, 353. (Pl. LX XXIII, fig. 13.) —— ornatus, 340. (Pl. LX XXII, fig. 10.) — ovalis, 344. (Pl. LXXXII, figs. 1-6.) ovatus (Hall), 344. papulosus, 336. —— Phillipst, 335. —— proboscidalis, 352. (Pl. LX XXII, fig. 14.) ramifer, 335, 358. — rosaceus, 331, 384. —— rotundus, 350. —— splendidus, 350. subglobosus, 339. tennessee, 335. —— tuberculatus, 337. (Pl. LX XXII, figs. 8-10.) — turbinatus, 351. (Pl. LX XXII, fig. 13.) ventricosus, 336, 341. (Pl. LXXXIIJ, figs. 11, 12.) Worthent, 347. Eucladocrinus, 76, 84, 101, 642, 646, 648, 665, 719. —— millebrachiatus, 104, 720, 725. (Pl. LXXIII, fig. 1; LXXIV, figs. 2-9.) var. immaturus, 722. (Pl. LX XIII, figs. 2, 3.) montanensis, 719, 723. (Pl. LXXII, fig. 5.) Eucladocrinus pleuroviminus, 713, 724, 726. (Pl. LXXIT, fig. 4; LXXIV, fig. 1.) —— prenuntius, 726. (Pl. LXXIII, fig. 5.) tuberosus, 728. (Pl. LXXII, figs. 3-4c.) Hucrinoidea, 238. Hucrinus, 189, 192. ce] enterradvalis, 192. — levis, 192. —— minor, 192. ornatus, 192. quinquangularis, 192. —— speciosus, 192. venustus, 192. Eugeniacrinider, 24, 54. KEugeniacrinites (J. S. Miller), 13. Hugentacrinites (Hetsinger), 14. Kupachycrinus, 24, 45, 80, 123, 160, 162. Huryale, 12. Huspirocrinide, 159. Euspirocrinus spiralis, 96, 182. fig. 5.) : Eutrochocrinus, 361, 367, 408, 414. Tae Conistyd 409. (Rl Ms ie. 21 hy, fig. 7; XXIX, fig. 6; XXXII, figs. 1a-c.) var. trochiseus, 410. (Pl. XXXII, (ela, fig. 3.) —— Lovei, 412. (Pl. XXIX, fig. 7; XXXII, figs. 2a, b.) —— planodiscus, 411. (Pl. XXXII, figs. by 4a, b.) Evolution of Crinoids, 166. Extracrinus, 53, 61, 63, 65. Fistulata (W. and Sp.), 26, 85, 114, 147, 150, 153, 161, 169. Fistulata (Bather), 157. Fistulata (Chapman), 30. Fixed Brachials, 33. Food groove, 36, 100. Forbesiocrinus, 77. —— Agassizi, 77. —— nobilis, 77. (Pl. VIII, figs. 6a-c.) Prattent, 294. Free Brachials, 33. Gasterocomide, 141, 157, 172. Gaurocrinus, 175, 197. angularis, 199. cognatus, 180. magnificus, 177. — WNealli, 179. splendens, 198. | Gazacrinus, 202, 204. rg a ¥ 1 bh, ait aN} 7 a # a. i i 0 y i, x \ ) GENERAL INDEX. 827 Gazacrinus inornatus, 208. Genital canal, 36, 100. Genneocrinus, 362, 484, 547, 554. Cassedayt, 4838. cornigerus, 549. —— eucharis, 549. (Pl. XXXIV, fig. 14.) kentuckiensis, 547, 548, 549. (PL XXXIV, figs. 11, 12, 13. Geocrinus, 519. Geological and geographical distribution, 171, 188, 265, 363, 551, 643, 742, 803. of the Camerata, 163. Geological range of Paleozoic Crinoids, 172. Geological record, 167. Gilbertsocrinus, 86, 122, 215, 233. —— calearatus, 236. (Pl. XV, fig. 5.) dispansus, 240. (Pl. XV, figs. 2a-d.) — fiscellus, 235, 238, 245. (Pl. XVII, figs. 2a-d.) obovatus, 238, 241. (Pl. XVII, figs. 4a, b.) reticulatus, 244. (Pl. XVII, figs. 1a, b.) spinigerus, 235, 247. (Pl. XV, figs. 3a-C.) stellaris, 219, 236. (Pl. XV, fig. 4.) —— tenuiradiatus, 246. (Pl. XVII, fig. 3.) tuberculosus, 243. (Pl. XVII, figs. 5a-C.) tuberosus, 239, 793. (Pl. XV, figs. la, b; XVI, figs. 1-6; XVII, fig. 6.) —— typus, 242. (Pl. XIV, figs. 1, 2, 3; XVII, figs. 7a, b.) Gissocrinus, 159. Glyptaster, 175, 189. armosus, 211. brachiatus, 191, 195. —— LHygani, 192. —— tmornatus, 1938. — occidentalis, 193. var. in erebescens, 195. pentangularis, 192. Glyptasteride, 189. Glyptocrinide, 175, 189, 267. Glyptocrinus, 44, 66, 79, 84, 118, 117, 147, 174, 197, 209, 264, 267, 294, 516, 521. — angularis, 199, 269. —— argutus, 269, 280. —— armosus, 211, 269. — Bbaeri, 177, 185, 269. — basilis, 269. Carleyt, 269, 282. Glyptocrinus cognatus, 177, 269. decadactylus, 84, 269, 270. (Pl. XX, figs. 4a-e; XXI, figs. 4a, b.) Dyeri, 84, 271. (Pl. XX, figs. la-c; XXI, 3a-f, 6.) Dyeri, var. subglobosus, 271. expansus, 269. — fimbriatus, 269. Fornshelli, 45, 66, 175, 267. (Pl. XX, fig. 3; XXI, fig. 5.) globularis, 269. - gracilis, 269. — Harrisi, 269, 282, 517. lacunosus, 255, 269. libanus, 269. —— marginatus, 254, 275. (Pl. XX, fig. 2.) —— miamiensis, 269, 517. nobilis, 212, 269. — Onealli, 177, 179, 269. —— ornatus, 120, 274. (Pl. XX, figs. 6a, b.) ——— parvus, 175, 199, 269. — fPattersoni, 174, 269. — plumosus, 269. priscus, 198, 269, 278. quinquepartitus, 269. —— ramulosus, 273. (Pl. XX, figs. 5a, b.) — fichardsoni, 174, 177, 271. sculptus, 260, 269. —— Shafferi, 272. var. germanus, 272. siphonatus, 211, 269. — subglobosus, 174, 271. subnodosus, 259, 269. Gnorimocrinus, 138. Gontasteroidocrinus, 234, 237. Jiscellus, 245. lyonanus, 240. obovatus, 241. reticulatus 244, spinigerus, 247. tenuiradiatus, 246 —— tuberculosus, 243. tuberosus, 239. —— typus, 242. Graphiocrinus, 44, 60, 80, 128, 130, 133. Graphiocrinus encrinoides, 80. Growth in Individual, 79, 83, 586, 629, 652 654, 680, 804. Guettardicrinus, 24, 61, 69, 117. Habits of Crinoids, 48, 50. Habrocrinus, 79, 862, 515. — 9 = Se ae SS SSS ee — i re eS SSS SS Se ee See SSS eS SS 828 GENERAL INDEX. Habrocrinus ornatus, 118, 120. Hadrocrinus, 77, 265, 267, 327. —— discus, 328. (PI. XXIV, fig. 1.) pentagonus, 327. plenissimus, 328. (Pl. XXIV, figs. 2a, b.) Haplocrinacea, 29. Haplocrinus, 29, 72, 89, 91, 95, 97, 187, 172. —— mespiliformis, 89, 92. (PI. III, figs. Zz 10.) Hemisphericus group, 703. Herpetocrinus, 44, 158. Heterocrinide, 82, 172. Heterocrinus, 41, 67, 71, 82, 129, 157, 779. bellevillensis, 131. Hexacrinide, 838, 106, 163, 165, 170, 645, 741, 742, 803. Hexacrinites, see Hexacrinide. Hexacrinus, 79, 647, 741, 744, 747. —— leai, 746. (Pl. LX XVIII, figs. 12a, b.) —— melo, 745. — occidentalis, 745. (Pl. LX XVIII, fig. 10.) Hexagonal base, 165, 363. Historical, 11. Holupus, 14, 94, 142. Homocrinus, 45, 78, 131, 159, 161. —— scoparius, 45. Hoplocrinus, 71. Hybocrinide, 57, 82, 116, 147, 162, 172. Hybocrinus, 67, 71, 129, 133, 162. Hybocystis, 71, 146. Hydreionocrinus, 80. Hyocrinus, 58, 78, 94, 99, 118. bethellianus. (Pl. III, fig. 10.) Fypanthocrinus, 832, 335. decorus, 336. Hypascocrinoidea, 29, 148. Hyptiocrinus, 188, 200. typus, 201. (Pl. XIX, figs. 6a-c.) Hypozygal joints, 34, 81. Hystricrinus, 747. Carpentert, 750. Ichthyocrinacea, 29. Ichthyocrinide, 40, 58, 64, 87, 118, 123, 152, 158, 172. Ichthyocrinus, 77, 147, 152. Icosidactylocrinites, 268. Idiocrinus, 188, 202. —— elongatus, 203, 206. (Pl. XVIII, figs. 8a-C.) Idiocrinus immaturus, 206. (Pl. XVIII, figs. 10a-c.) —— tennesseensis, 206. (Pl. XVIII, fig. 11.) —— ventricosus, 203, 205. (Pl. III, fig. 15; XVIII, figs. 9a, b.) Impinnata, 152, 169, 172. Inadunata, 26, 33, 35, 147, 150, 156, 169. Inarticulata, 13. Inferradials, 38, 71, 154. Infrabasals, 26, 83, 52, 53, 61. anchylosis of, 59. —— of Agassizocrinus, 59. of the Apiocrinide, 60. of Comatule, 53, 64. of Cupressocrinus, 59. of Extracrinus, 53, 61. of the Fistulata, 58. —— of the Ichthyocrinide, 58, 64. —— of Millericrinus, 53, 61. - of Stemmatocrinus, 59. Inner floor of tegmen. (Pl. V, figs. 13-17.) Interambulacrals, 34, 36, 105. Tnteraxillaries, 35. Interbrachials, 34, 105. Interdistichals, 15, 35, 105. Internal cavity, 106, 120, 140. Internodal joints and internodes, 33, 40, 155: Interpalmars, 15, 35, 105. Interradial plates, 15, 34, 105, 646. of Cyathocrinus, 96, 114. — of the Reteocrinidz, 106, 110, 174. of the Rhodocrinide, 106, 217. — of the Platycrinide, 646. Iocrinus, 68, 71, 78, 126, 180, 133, 158. Lampterocrinus, 175, 188, 207, 211. inflatus, 208. —— parvus, 208. —— tennesseensis, 208. (PI. XIII, figs. 10a— d.) Larva of Comatulee, infrabasals in, 64. Larviformia, 26, 72, 87, 150, 154, 162, 169. Lecanocrinus Billingsi, 139. —— macropetalus, 139. Lepidocentrus eifelianus, 748. Liberia, 16. Lobocrinus, 361, 367, 375, 885, 434. ——— equibrachiatus, 875, 440. (Pl. XXIX, figs. 8a, bs; XLVI, figs. 6a, b.) var. asteriscus, 441. (Pl. XXIX, figs. 9a, b.) GENERAL INDEX, 829 Lobocrinus Hageri, 445. (Pl. XXX, figs. 9, | 10.) — inflatus, 444. (Pl. XXXIV, figs. 18a, b.) longirostris, 442. (Pl. XXVIII, figs. la-—e.) Nashville, 435. (Pl. XXXT, fig. 1.) var. subtractus, 436. (Pl. XXXI, figs. 2a, b.) pyriformis, 437. (Pl. XXXI, figs. 3a-e.) -—— robustus, 436. (Pl. XXX, figs. 8a, b.) —— spiniferus, 439. (Pl. XXX, figs. 11, 12.) — Yandelli, 441. (Pl. XXX, figs. 7a, b.) Loose suture, 37. Lyriocrinus, 101, 215, 249, 261, 330. dactylus, 217, 261, 262. (Pl. XI, figs. 5a-c. ) melissa, 217, 262, 263. (Pl. XI, figs. 4a—f.) sculptilis (Hall), 251. seulptilis (Miller), 251. seulptus, 251, 262. Macrocrinus, 361, 367, 446. — carica, 448. (Pl. XXXVII, fig. 8.) —— gemmiformis, 449. (Pl. XXXVI, fig. 8.) — Konincki, 447. —— jucundus, 451. (Pl. XXX, figs. 13, 14.) —— laguneulus, 453. — verneuilianus, 102, 143,450. (Pl. XXX, figs. 15, 16, 17, 18.) Macrostylocrinus, 264, 285, 521. —— fasciatus, 288. (Pl. XXII, fig. 13.) —— fusibrachiatus, 291. (Pl. XXII, figs. 9, 10.) —— granulosus, 289. (Pl. XXII, figs. 15a, b.) —— Meeki, 290. (Pl. XXII, figs. 16a, b.) ornatus, 286, 288. (Pl. XXIII, figs. 8a-—c.) striatus, 287, 288. (Pl. XXII, figs. 14a ¢.) . var. granulosus, 289. Madreporite in Cyathocrinide, 35, 114, 162. Mariacrinus, 264, 281, 292, 516. —— aureatus, 285. — Carleyi, 282. (Pl. XXI, figs. 2a-c.) Ei USES Mev, granulosus, 282. — macropetalus, 282. nobilissimus, 295. obconicus, 302. pachydactylus, 296. Mariacrinus paucidactylus, 296. —— plumosus, 282, 284. . (Pl. XXIII, figs. 6, 7.) —— ramosus, 284. stonoliferus, 282. . Warreni, 283. (Pl. XXII, fig. 1.) Marsuptocrinites, 730. Marsupiocrinus, 41, 79, 108, 111, 118, 261, 642, 645, 647, 730. — celatus, 730. — dactylus, 262. —— depressus, 118, 120, 731. (PI. III, fig. 23.) —— prematurus, 734. (Pl. LXXII, figs. 11a, b.) —— radiatus, 118. (Pl. VIII, fig. 15.) —— striatus, 732. (Pl. LXXII, figs. 17, 18.) tennesseensis, 731, 733. (Pl. LXXV, figs. 16a, b.) tentaculatus, 733. (Pl. LXXV, figs. 19a, b.) Marsupites, 12, 14, 17, 63, 145. Megistocrinus, 46, 101, 120, 122, 362, 365, 519, 582, 554. —— abnormis, 545, 546. (Pl. XLIX, figs. la=c.) brevicornis, 533. —— concavus, 543. (Pl. XLVIII, figs. 5a—c.) depressus, 540, 541. (Pl. XLIX, figs. 2- 4d.) figs. la—5e.) var. crassus, 536. Farnsworthi, 539. (Pl. XLVIII, figs. 4a, b.) MUCULMOD SOLO: — Knappi, 533. —— latus, 538. (Pl. XLVIII, figs. 3a, b.) marcouanus, 523. —— multidecoratus, 542. (Pl. XLIX, fig. 6.) necis, 524, —— nobilis, 119, 587. (Pl. XLVII, figs. 6- de, JE ley ites. -—— hodosus, 541, 542. (Pl. XLIX, figs. 5a, b.) — Ontario, 540. parvirostris, 5383, 536. —— parvus, 537. pileatus, 544. —— plenus, 583, 535. rugosus, 542, 544. (Pl. XLVIII, figs. 6a-C. ) Evansi, 39, 119, 532, 633. (Pl. XLVIL,. — 4 > A an Lora tie ts = wi a ee * se . nbn a a ee Se 2 830 GENERAL INDEX. Megistocrinus spinosulus, 544. (Pl. XLVIII, | Mouth, 21, 35, 99. figs. la-2.) —— Whitet, 530. Melocrinide, 124, 163, 170, 264. Melocrinites, 264, 267. Melocrinus, 76, 78, 86, 135, 264, 282, 292. —— equalis, 304. amphora, 587. bainbridgensis, 297. (Pl. XXII, figs. 4a-c; XXIV, fig. 5.) brevidactylus, 294. — Calvini, 300. (Pl. XXII, fig. 6.) —— Clarkei, 297. — gracilis, 298. (Pl. XXII, fig. 5.) —— hieroglyphicus, 293. — levis (Goldf.), 301. — levis (Roemer), 302. —— nobilissimus, 295. (Pl. XXIII, figs. 1, 2, 3.) nodosus, 294. —— obconicus, 302. (Pl. XXII, figs. 10a-c.) — oblongus, 300, 302. (Pl. XXII, figs. 9, 12.) -— obpyramidalis, 294. —— pachydactylus, 296. (Pl. XXIII, figs. 4,5; XXIV, figs. 4a, b.) —— parvus, 303. (Pl. XXII, fig. 8.) paucidactylus, 296. Prattent, 294. —— Remeri, 301. (Pl. XXII, figs. 11a, b.) sculptus, 294. —— Tiffanyi, 299. (Pl. XXII, figs. 11a, b.) —— Vernewili (Hall), 294. Verneuili ( Gthlert), 294. Merocrinus, 68, 71, 127. Mespilocrinus, 41, 77. Metacrinus, 49, 65, 67, 70. — angulatus, 65. (Pl. VI, fig. 9.) Millericrinus, 39, 53, 60, 65, 69. —— Carabefi. (Pl. VI, fig. 5.) ——icaunensis. (Pl. VI, fig. 3.) —— Milleri. Pl. VI, figs. 4a, b.) —— munsterensis. (Pl. VI, fig. 6.) —— Orbignyi, 61. (Pl. VI, figs. La, b.) —— polydactylus, 61. (PI. VI, figs. 2a, b.) Modifications, paleontological, 61, 98. Monocycelic, 33. Monocyclic Crinoids, 54, 60, 165. derivation of, 67. Monocyclica, 58, 157. Morphological part, 38. and Anus, 21. discovery of in Taxocrinus, 93. Mycocrinus, 142. Myelodactylus, 779. Myrtillocrinus, 141, 158, 172. americanus. (Pl. III, fig. 13.) =“ Myzostoma cysts, 48, 502. ; Nanocrinus, 159. Nave Encrinite, 647. Neocrinoidea, 68, 144, 148. | Nodal joints, 33, 39. | | Ohiocrinus, 41, 71, 158. Ollacrinus, 236. Jiscellus, 245. obovatus, 241. reticulatus, 244. —— spinigerus, 247. tenuiradiatus, 246. tuberculosus, 248. tuberosus, 239. —— typus, 242. Oncocrinus, 132, 160, 162. Onychaster attached to Crinoids, 566. Onychocrinus, 43, 77, 138. (Pl. VI, fig. 17.) infrabasals coalesced with top stem joint. (PE Vbetig. i.) —— diversus, 123. Ulrichi, 123. (Pl. VI, fig. 20.) Orals, 26, 30, 36, 88, 155. (Pl. III, figs. 2-25.) of Antedon larva, 89, 99. of Cyathocrinus, 95. -—— of Camerata, 89. of Haplocrinus, 91. —— of Larviformia, 89, 92, 98. of Taxocrinus, 93. Orientation, 37, 57, 153, 364. of the axial canals, 60, 64. — of the basals, 56, 153. of the cirri, 48, 60. — of the radii, 37. of the stem, 45, 60, 68. (PI. VI, figs. 1-12, 18.) Ornigranulus group, 701. Orocentral, 90. Orophocrinus, 20. Ottawacrinus, 68. Outer face, 158. Ovarian tube, 36. Paleocrinotdea, 25, 144, 148. GENERAL INDEX. 831 Paleozoic Crinoids, 166. Palmars (Palmaria), 15, 34, 71, 73. Parabasalia, 53. Parisocrinus, 45, 77, 1382, 159, 161. Parasitic growths. (Pl. IV, figs. 18-20.) Patelliocrinus, 79, 124, 265, 307. -——. chiastodactylus, 265. duplicatus, 265. —— fulminatus, 265. pinnulatus, 265. Pelmatozoa, 27, 144. Pelvis, 13. Pentacrinacea, 30. Pentacrinide, 41, 59, 65, 117, 152. Pentacrinus, 13, 88, 45, 49, 60, 65, 69, 81, 141, 152. —— asterias, 65. (Pl. VI, fig. 8.) —— caput-medusa, 11, 14, 28. —— europeus, 14. —— naresianus, 51. —— Wyville-Thomsoni, 49. Pentagonal base, 165. Pentamera, 31. Pentamerous symmetry, 147, 165. Pentaphyllum, 145. Pentremites, 14. Periechocrinites, 46, 86, 362, 366, 519. Periechocrinus, 46, 362, 365, 519, 520, 554. amplus, 530. —— COhristyt, 522. —— Howardi, 529. —— infelix, 525. (PI. L, figs. 2a-d.) —— marcouanus, 523. (PI. L, figs. 7a, b; LI, fig. 5.) —— moniliformis, 520. —— necis, 524, (PI. L, figs. 1a, b.) ornatus, 527. (Pl. L, figs. 38a, b; LI, Cee dee) —- pyriformis, 526. —— Sspeciosus, 521, 528. (PI. L, figs. 6a, b.) —— tennesseensis, 528. (Pl. L, fig. 4.) —— tenuidiscus, 531. (Pl. XLVI, fig. 4; LI, fig. 6.) —— urniformis, 526. (Pl. L, figs. 5a, b.) — Whitei, 530, 626. (Pl. XLVI, figs. 1-3; LI, figs. 9, 10.) Whitfieldi, 522, 526. (Pl. LI, figs. 1-4.) Periglyptocrinus, 80, 198, 264, 277. Billingsi, 277. (Pl. XXI, figs. 1a, b.) priscus, 278. (Pl. XXT, fig. 2.) Perisomic plates, 36, 118. Phialocrinus, 80. Phillipsocrinus, 294. Phylogenetic history represented in individual growth, 104, 166. Physetocrinus, 85, 109, 122, 548, 550, 554, 593, 637. inner floor o1, 120; —— asper, 596. (Pl. LXIII, figs. 7a, b.) —— Copei, 598. (Pl. LXIII, fig. 5.) dilatatus, 595. (Pl. LXIV, figs. 9, 10.) —— lobatus, 599. (Pl. LXIII, figs. 8a, b.) ——ormatus, 997. < (Gel Vehicle NOn ele figs. 1-4.) subventricosus, 598. ventricosus, 593. (Pl. IV, fig.2; LXIII, fig. 6; LXIV, figs. 1-8b.) Pinnastella, 16. Pinnata, 152, 155, 169. Pinnules, 34, 78, 80, 85, 155, 160. Pisocrinus, 57, 70, 72, 186, 157, 172, 205. (Pl. XII, fig. 10.) pilula, 90. Planus group, 668. Platyceras attached to Crinoids, 240, 566, 793, 800. Platycrinide, 17, 83, 106, 124, 163, 166, 170, 642, 743, 808. distribution of, 643. Platycrinites, 647. Platycrinus, 13, 41, 46, 48, 57, 77, 79, 83, 91, 94, (96, 1025 1115, 113, 135,14. o mig euiles: 642, 644, 647, 719, 730, 738, 744, 750, 753. (Els JONV, aise, Ga) absentivus, 650. —— acclivus, 663. —— equalis, 674. (Pl. LXXI, figs. 4a—5.) —— equiternus, 658, 659. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 12.) —— eternalis, 650, 688. —— Agassizi, 656, 669. (Pl. LXIX, fig. 4.) —— alabamensis, 650, 678, 680. —— allophylus, 685. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 17.) amabilis, 650. americanus, 686. (Pl. LXXV, figs. 10- 13¢.) annosus, 650. altidorsatus, 650. asper (Goldf.), 690. asper (M. and W.), 690. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 9a, b.) batiola, 650, 674. anor 9 SaceE ee — egrehemeee’ — — “ —— - — - ——— aoe el a ea < ¥ Te ee —— SS ——S——— ome = = par J / AE Sa pl a a 832 GENERAL INDEX. Platyerinus Bluirz, 650. bedfordensis, 650. bloomfieldensis, 650, 668. —— bonoensis, 682, 683. (Pl. LXIX, fig. 6.) boonvillensis, 681. (Pl. LXXII, figs. 8a—9.) brevinodus, 688, 690. (Pl. LXX, figs. 2m rs OAxe De) —— Britsi, 659. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 10.) Broadheadi, 650, 686. —— burlingtonensis, 103, 649, 653, 657, 661, 681. (Pl. LXIX, figs. 3a-i.) caducus, 650, 688. calyculus, 650. canaliculatus, 689. (Pl. LXXV, figs. 7a, b.) —— carchesium, 650, 656. —— cavus, 715. (Pl. LXVII, figs. 8a, b.) clytis, 651, 695. chouteauensis, 650. Colletti, 650. concinnus, 650. — contritus, 667. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 8.) corrugatus, 651, 713. —— corbuliformis, 657. (Pl. LXXI, figs. lla, b.) curryvillensis, 651, 658. —— Davisi, 684. (Pl. LXX, fig. 14.) (Pl. II, fig. 17; LXVI, figs. 10a—c.) discoideus (Hall, 1858), 7138, 724. eboraceus, 650. elegans, 669. ——eminulus, 712. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 13a-c.) eriensis, 647, 676. —— excavatus, 649, 718. (Pl. LXVI, fig. 4.) exsertus, 651, 653, 655. discoideus (O. and Sh.), 103, 713, 716. Platycrinus Huntsville, 84,678. (Pl. LX XIII, figs. 6-12.) —— incomptus, 648, 664. (Pl. LXXI, figs, 1,2, 3.) —— insolens, 659. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 15.) —— inornatus, 651, 653. — levis, 649. lautus, 651, 658, 655. Lea, 746. —— lodensis, 666. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 6.) —— marginatus, 650. —— monroensis, 651, 678. —— multibrachiatus, 651, 7138. . —— niotensis, 682. (Pl. LXXI, fig. 9.) —— nodobrachiatus (Hall, 1861), 651, 708. —— nodobrachiatus (Hall, 1858), 651, 658, 655. nodostriatus, 688, 698. (Pl. LXVI, figs. da, b; LXX, figs. 3-4c. ) nodosus, 650. — nodulosus, 651, 701. —— nucleiformis, 651, 653, 655. —— occidentalis, 728. olla (Hall, not de Kon.), 651. — ollicula, 667. —— ornigranulus, 701. (Pl. LXVI, fig. 8; LXVIII, figs. 10a-12b; LXXII, fig. 10.) —- Owent, 651, 710. parvinodus, 696, 701. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 6a, b.) —— parvulus, 7738. parvus, 651, 735, 737. —— peculiaris, 700. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 7a, b; LXXI, fig. 16.) penrcillus, 651, 678. pentagonus, 650. perasper, 708. —— planobasalis, 651, 661. —— pileiformis, 656, 663. (Pl. LXIX, fig. 5; LXX, figs. 18a—-b.) —— geometricus, 697. (Pl. LXVII, fig. 10;]— pisum, 660. (Pl. LXXI, figs. 13a-b.) LXVIII, fig. 8.) Georget, 651, 677. —— glyptus, 693, 720. (Pl. LXVII, figs. 4-6.) -—— Gorbyi, 716. (Pl. LXVIII, fig. 15.) —— graphicus, 672. (Pl. LXXI, fig. a) Halli, 103, 662, 664. (Pl. LX XII, figs. 6a—7b.) Haydeni, 650. —— hemisphericus, 703, 709, 793. (PI.LXVI, figs. la—d.) planus (Hall), 651, 662, 668. ——planus (O. and Sh.), 668, 670. (Pl. LXIX, figs. 2a-d.) plenus, 651, 678. — pleuroviminus, 651, 724. —— plumosus, 651, 735. pocilliformis, 706. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 2a, b.) prematurus, 651, 734. prenuntius, 651, 720. prattenanus, 651, 678. eT ee, ee | | | / | ‘ ; | | | GENERAL INDEX. 833 Platycrinus Pratteni, 668, 671. (Pl. LXX, figs. 11, 12.) —— pulchellus, 651, 713. pumilus, 650. punctobrachiatus, 750. —— quinquenodus, 661. (Pl. LXXI, figs. 14a-c.) ramulosus, 651, 735, 737. —— regalis, 710,712. (Pl. LX XII, figs. 1, 2.) retiarius, 735. richfieldensis, 651, 672. rotundus, 651, 691. -—— Saffordi, 694. (Pl. LXVII, figs. 1-3.) —— Sampsoni, 673. (Pl. LXX, fig. 10.) Saree, 84, 677, 682. (Pl. LXIX, fig. 7; LXX, fig. 1.) —— scobina, 695, 697. (Pl LXVIII, figs. 14a, b.) sculptus, 691, 693, 695. (Pl LXVIII, fig. 5; LXXV, figs. 8, 9.) shumardianus, 651, 7138. — spinifer, 708. (Pl. LXVI, fig. 7.) var. elongatus, 709. (Pl. LXVII, fig. 7.) striobrachiatus, 651, 713. — subspinosus, 717. (Pl. LXVI, figs. 9a, b.) subspinulosus, 684, 685, 754. (Pl. LXVI, figs. 2a, b; LXX, fig. 9.) sulcatus, 651, 718. symmetricus, 103, 118, 655. (Pl. III, fig. 16; LXIX, figs. la—c.) tennesseensis, 651, 731. tentaculatus, 651, 735. tenuibrachiatus, 687, 699. (Pl. LXX, figs. 7, 8.) truncatulus, 647,675. (Pl. LXVII, figs. lla, b; LXXI, figs. 18a, b.) —— truncatus, 651, 686. ——— tuberosus, 651, 720, 728. —— verrucosus, 705, 706, 709. (Pl. LXVI, figs. 8a, b; LXVIII, figs. la-d.) vexabilis, 650. —— Wortheni, 702. (Pl. LXVII, fig. 9.) Yandelli, 103, 706, 708. (Pl. LXVI, figs. 6a-c; LXVIII, figs. 3a—c.) var. perasper, 708. (Pl. LXVIII, figs. 4a, b.) undescribed species from England, 644. Pleurocrinus, 647, 649. Plicatocrinide, 30. Polyerinides, 18. Polymera, 31. Polypeltes, 365. Pores in Poteriocrinide, 114,116. (Pl. VI, figs. 4, 7, 8, 9.) Porocrinus, 67, 146. Position for figuring, 37. Postpalmars, 34, 73, 76. Poteriocrinide, 58, 87, 116, 155, 161. Poteriocrinus, 13, 87, 127, 159. —- missouriensis, 78. Pradocrinus, 519, 521. amplus, 580. Primary brachials, 34. Primary plates, 38. Proximal, 37. Proximal plates (proximals), 90, 95. Proximal ring of base, 54. Pseudomonocyclica, 59. Pterotocrinus, 77, 79, 83, 112, 741, 781, 791. (Pl. LX XIX, fig. 10.) — acutus, 799. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 3a-g.) var. bifurcatus, 801. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 9a, b.) - capitalis, 793, 794, 799. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 6a, b.) chesterensis, 802. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 5a, b.) cornigerus, 783. —— coronarius, 795. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 7a, b.) —— crassus, 801. (Pl. LXXIX, fig. 8.) —— depressus, 796. (Pl. LX XIX, figs. 2a-c.) —— pyramidalis, 798. (Pl. LXXIX, figs. 4a, b.) rugosus, 799, 801. sexlobatus, 784. spatulatus, 799. Ptychocrinus, 188, 197. angularis, 199. —— parvus, 177, 199. (Pl. XVIII, figs. 1a, Dseze) priscus, 198. splendens, 198. (Pl. XVIII, figs. 3a, b.) Pycnocrinidées, 17. Pyenocrinus, 175, 268, 273. Shaffert, 272. Pyxidocrinus, 519, 521. Quinquelocular or Dorsal organ, 45. Radials (Radialia), 15, 33, 68. compound, 71, 158. limits of, 67. 105 — ee + mee =~ ass a nae — as ee a SOA ee _ - “ie tan © 2 AT 0 i eR, TE ae ao Cr _ - ae ¢ ~ vas pee ee ee Spi a eet . 4 Bs = ~s ct nee . = # = a RET ears - aaa 5 Ps 5 - = — — et ee — = = a: ia Urs. Rs meg eM A ony We, ; adie - —_ ae =~ = . — SE Se heel i res | oe SS ge ss a Se Se = a == Sprite ree es = eS Se Eee =: = Sa i PN EE eS OO \ a a a pe 834 GENERAL INDEX. Radial dome plates, 36, 103, 104. Radial facets, 87, 161. Radianal, 35, 72, 126. Recuperative power, 135. Regalis group, 710. Respiratory pores, 35, 122, 238, 311. Reteocrinide, 106, 113, 147, 173, 803. Reteocrinus, 67, 113, 119, 175, 176. — Beri, 177, 185. cognatus, 180. —— fimbriatus, 177, 179. (Pl. IX, fig. 4.) gracilis, 177, 199. —— magnificus, 181. (PI. IX, fig. 2.) —— Onealli, 179. (Pl. IX, figs. 1a-f.) Pattersont, 177. —— Richardsoni, 177, 271. stellaris, 77, 177, 178. (Pl. IX, figs. 3a-C. ) Rhaphanocrinus, 215, 258. — sculptus, 260. (Pl. XI, fig. 3.) —— subnodosus, 259. (Pl. XI, fig. 2.) —— Wachsmuthi, 259. Rhizocrinus, 28, 40, 46, 58, 62, 94, 142. —— lofotensis, 63, 70. —— Rawsoni, 51, 63, 70. (Pl. VI, figs. 7a, b.) Rhodocrinide, 106, 124, 165, 170, 215, 238. Rhodocrinus, 138, 41, 44, 69, 83, 215, 218, 233,238, 249, 261. asperatus, 204. Barrisi, 230. (Pl. XII, figs. 3, 4a-d, da, b.) var. divergens, 230. var, striatus, 231. (Pl. XII, fig. 6.) —— Benedicti, 224. —— coxanus, 222. (Pl. XIII, figs. 6, 7.) celatus, 228. gonatodes, 80, 219. gracilis, 220. —— ffalli, 196, 219. Kirbyi, 44, 226, 228, 337. (Pl. XII, figs. la—d.) melissa, 219, 263. —— microbasilis, 192, 219, 256. -—— nanus, 44, 228. (Pl. XI, figs. 7a, b; XII, figs. 2a, b.) —— nodulosus, 225. (Pl. XIII, fig. 8.) —— parvus, 229. polydactylus, 222. —— pyriformis, 192, 219, 255. quinquelobus, 192. Rhodocrinus rectus, 220. sculptus, 228. spinosus, 220. stellaris, 219, 236. —— truncatus, 231. (Pl. XIII, figs. 2a-f.) —— tuberculatus, 282. (Pl. XIII, figs. 3, 4.) varsoviensis, 220. — verus, 219. vesperalts, 219, 251. —— Wachsmuthi, 222. (Pl. XITI, figs. 5a-d ; XV, fig. 7.) —— watersianus, 221, 229. (Pl. XII, fig. 9.) —— Whitei, 223. (Pl. III, fig. 24; XIII, figs. la-c; XV, figs. 6a, b.) var. burlingtonensis, 2238. =a oruient, 220, (Plexi tic, 6) Xe) figs. 7a—c.) var. urceolatus, 221. (Pl. XII, figs. 8a, b.) Ripidocrinus, 76, 86, 215, 262. Right and left, 37. Root, 32, 39. Rosette, 54, 141. Saccocrinus, 519, 522. Benedicti, 527. — Christyi, 522, 525. — Hgani, 525. Gorbyt, 521. Howardi, 529. infelix, 525. marcouanus, 523. necis, d24., ornatus, 527. —— pyriformis, 526. semiradiatus, 289, speciosus, 521, 528. tennesseensis, 528, urniformis, 526. — Whitfieldi, 522. —— Whitet, 530. Sagenocrinus expansus, 219. Sare group, 677. Saumplattchen, see covering plates, 36. Scaphiocrinus, 44, 159. —— elegans, 138. (Pl. VII, figs. 1a, b.) —— unicus, 1388. (Pl. VII, fig. 6.) Swallovi, 138. (Pl. VI, fig. 8.) Scapule, 13. Schizocrinus, 77. Sculptus group, 691. Scyphocrinus, 264. i-> GENERAL INDEX. 835 Scytalocrinus, 160. —— validus, 138. (Pl. VII, 2a, b, 3.) nov. sp. (Pl. VII, fig. 7.) robustus, 566. Secondary brachials, 34. Side pieces; see Adambulacral plates, 100. Siphonocrinus, 120, 122, 188, 209. — armosus, 107, 122, 211. (Pl. XIX, figs. 3a-C.) nobilis, 212. (Pl. XIX, figs. la, b, 2a-C.) pentagonus, 213. (Pl. XIX, figs. 4a, b.) Species, recognition of, 155, — characters of, 156. ——- descriptions of, 652. Spines, movable, 748, 750. Spherocrinus concavus, 482. Spheronites, 15. Spherotdocrinacea, 29. Spheroidocrinide = syn. of Camerata, 25. Spyridiocrinus, 365. Steganocrinus, 76, 85, 101, 110, 293, 550, 554, 578, 639, 720. araneolus, 160, 581, 723. (PI. LXI, figs. 2a, b.) —— Benedicti, 567. ——— concinnus, 582. (Pl. LXI, figs. 5a, b.) —— globosus, 585. (Pl. LXI, fig. 6.) —— pentagonus, 110, 142, 979, 723. (PI. LXI, figs. 3a—4b.) sculptus, 78, 86, 160, 293, 583. (PI. LXI, figs. laf.) Stelidiocrinus, 79, 264, 279. —— argutus, 280. (Pl. XXIV, fig 6.) —— capitulum, 280. —— levis, 280. —— ovalis, 280. Stem, 32, 38, 155. figures of; Pl. I and II; VI, figs. 11, 12. erowth of, 39. divided longitudinally, 41. respiratory function of, 47. semi-free, 49, 51. with coalesced infrabasals. (Pl. VI, Lig Hal) of Barycrinus, 45, of Cupressocrinus, 45. of Megistocrinus, 46. of Platycrinus, 42. of Rhizocrinus, 63. —— of Strotocrinus, 639. aan LI | | Stem joints, 32, 41. top joint (centrodorsal), 33, 59, 61, 64, —— top joint (youngest joint), 59, 63,69. Stemmatocrinus, 59, 80, 127, 183, 160, 162. Stephanocrinus, 146. —— angulatus. (Pl. VII, figs. 12, 13.) Stereocrinus, 77, 124, 265, 324. —— Barrisi, 326. (Pl. XXV, figs. 9a, b.) — triangulatus, 325, 326. (Pl. XXV, figs. 8a, b.) var. liratus, 326. Stomatocrinoidea, 25, 148. Storthingocrinus, 57, 647. asper, 690. Strotocrinus, 76, 85,110, 551,554, 626, 637, 638. - asper, 596. asperrimus, 579. —— egilops, 628. bloomfieldensis, 638. clivosus, 630. dilatatus, 595. ectypus, 611. —— erodus, 630. —— glyptus, 640. (Pl. LX, figs. la-c; LXV, figs. 2a, b.) insculptus, 630. liratus, 633. perumbrosus, 638, 640. —— regalis, 39, 638, 640. (PI. IV, fig. 4; LXV, figs. la—d. ) rudis, 630. subumbrosus, 633. tenuiradiatus, 634. umbrosus, 628. Stylida, 17. Sub-basals, 66. Subradials (sous-radiales), 17, 30. Subspinulosus group, 683. Subtegminal, 35. Subtentacular canal, 86, 100. Superimposed plates, 119, 121. Super-radials, 33. Supplementary plates, 34, 38, 105, 154. Suture, 37. Symmetry, bilateral, 1384, 148. irregular, 146. pentamerous, 134, 146, 148, 165. ¢ Symbathocrinus, 57, 87, 91, 136, 157, 172. — Wachsmuthi. (Pl. III, fig. 25; VIII, sey (Shy 85) of <= See ee — — SST eS Wh aD Ren orn Sea ot Se . Seren “ aa seat ee — Sei Ti i —

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