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NORTH AMERICAN

WILD FLOWERS

NORTH AMERICAN
Wit PLOWERS.

BY
MARY VAUX WALCOTT

>) ‘S
~ ° a) wv ° yy
“ e 7, r \ . eo
og ET HR O NOT pb
eel N GT ony, yeee

PUBLISHED BY
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
1925

THIS IS NUMBER

3fo

OF VOLUME FIVE

ee

(SCWHEZD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME V

Nore: All sketches are life size. The system used in naming the plants is the American Code of Botanical
Nomenclature. Descriptions of the plants illustrated may be found in Gray's New Manual, Britton and
Brown's Illustrated Flora, Small’s Flova of the Southeastern United States, Rydberg’s Flora of the Rocky
Mountains, or Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the Pacific Coast.

PLATE

2 2.is,
322.
Yaoe
oe
a
BiG,
peas
Delsey
Bere!
3,30.
BT:
200),
Bor
Doe
Boy
2316,
DoT
338.
poy:
3,40.
341.
342.

Flowering Dogwood (flower). Cornus florida LINNAEUS
Flowering Dogwood (fruit). Cornus florida LINNAEUS
Witch-hazel. Hamamelis virginiana LINNAEUS

Maypop. Passiflora incarnata LINNAEUS

Sweetbay. Magnolia virginiana LINNAEUS

Lambkill. Kalmia angustifolia LINNAEUS

Pink Ladyslipper. Cypripedium acaule A1TON

Papaw. Asimina tiloba (LInNAEUS) DUNAL
Drummond Pitcherplant. Sarracenia drummondi CRooM
Yellow Cucumberttee. Magnolia cordata MicHaux
Jack-in-the-pulpit. Arisaema triphyllum (LINNAEUS) TORREY
Blueflag Iris. Irzs versicolor LINNAEUS

Virginia Stewartia. Stewartia malachodendron LINNAEUS
Wax Trillium. Trillium album (MicHAUx) SMALL
Loblolly Pine. Pénus taeda LINNAEUS

Fringed Gentian. Gentiana crinita FROELICH

White Epidendrum. Epidendrum nocturnum JAQUIN
Bluebead. Clntonia borealis (ATTON) RAFINESQUE
Yellow Troutlily. Erythronium americanum KER

Yellow Fringeorchid. Habenaria ciliaris (LINNAEUS) RoBERT BROWN
Whiteflowering Raspberry. Rubus parviflorus NUTTALL

Saltmatsh Rosegentian. Sabbatia stellavis Pursu

Da.
ah
Dap
346.
5a.
348.
Sag:
350.
35 iT,
Baas
393°
354
55>"
356.
DO
358.

oe:
3,60.

361.
Boo,
3 63.
3 64.
365.
366.
3 67.
3.68.
369.
29 ®:
$7.

Pringed Parnassia. Parnassia fimbriata Konic

Bourgeau Rose (flower). Rosa bourgeamiana CREPIN

Bourgeau Rose (fruit). Rosa bourgeautana CREPIN

Purple Pentstemon. Pentstemon lyallas Gray

Canada Violet. Viola canadensis LINNAEUS

Woolly Arnica. Arnica tomentosa Macoun

Strawbetty-blite. Chenopodium capitatum (LINNAEUS) ASCHERSON
Western Rattlesnakeplantain. Peramium decipiens (HOOKER) PIPER
Bur-forget-me-not. Lappula diffusa (LEHMANN) GREENE

Alpine Forget-me-not. Myosotes alpestris SCHMIDT

White Globeflower. Tvollius albiflorus (Gray) RYDBERG
Perennial Gaillatdia. Gaillardia aristata Pursu

Ptarmiganberry. <Arctous alpina (LINNAEUS) NIEDENZU

Hooded Ladies-tresses. Ibidium strictum (RYDBERG) House
Yellow Pentstemon. Pentstemon confertus DouGLAS

Camas. Quamasia quamash (PuRsH) COVILLE

Moss Forget-me-not. Eritrichum elongatum (RYDBERG) W. PF. WicHt
Western Pipsissewa. Chimaphila umbellata vat. occidentalis (RYDBERG) BLAKE
Red Comandta. Comandra livida RicHARDSON

Pale Strawberry. Fragaria glauca (WaTSON) RYDBERG

Redstem Saxiftage. Swxifraga lyallai ENGLER

Yellow Dryad (flower). Dryas drummondi RicHARDSON

Yellow Dryad (fruit). Dryas drummondi RicHaRDSON
Heliotrope Valerian. Valeriana sitchensis BONGARD

Moss Campion. Sélene acaulis LINNAEUS

Alpine Harebell. Campanula lasiocarpa CHAMISSO

Harebell. Campanula rotundifolia LINNAEUS

Red Willowweed. Epilobium latifolium LiNNAEUS

Northern Anemone. Anemone parviflora Michaux

7k:
a7
374-
37>):
B78:
39 7
378.

SyESe
3 80.

381.
282
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
3,90.
391.
392.
3.93-
394-
395:
3,96.
3.97:
398.
3.99:

400.

Alberta Paintbrush. Castilleja miniata BENTHAM

Elephanthead. Pedicularis groenlandica Retz

Lewis Monkeyflower. Mimulus lewisi Pursu

Alpine Monkeyflower. M¢mulus caespitosus GREENE

Aleutian Fleabane. Evrigeron unalaschensis (DE CANDOLLE) RYDBERG
Whitebatk Pine. Pinus albicaulis ENGELMANN

Engelmann Spruce. Pa2cea engelmanni (PARRY) ENGELMANN
Creeping Juniper. Juniperus horizontalis MoENcH

Drummond Willow. Swalix drummondiana BARRATT

Lyall Latch. Larix lyallii PARLATORE

Crowberry. Empetrum nigrum LINNAEUS

Siberian Onion. Allium sibericum LINNAEUS

Slim Larkspur. Delphinium depauperatum NUTTALL

Attowleaf Groundsel. Senecéa triangulavris HOOKER

Wright Pentstemon. Pentstemon wrightit HOOKER

White Dawntose. Pachyloplus marginatus (NUTTALL) RYDBERG
Evening-primrose. Pachyloplus hirsutus RYDBERG

Clusterlily. Hookera pauciflora (TORREY) TIDESTROM

California Pitcherplant. Chrysamphora californica (TORREY) GREENE
Scarlet Mariposa. Calochortus kennedyi PORTER

Bushpoppy. Dendromecon rigidum BENTHAM

Mexican Poppy. schscholtzia mexicana GREENE

Fire Pentstemon. Pentstemon eatonit GRAY

Cardinal Monkeyflower. Mimulus cardinalis DouGLas

Ocotillo. Fouquierta splendens ENGELMANN

Yucca. Yucca baileyi WooToN AND STANDLEY

Scarlet Globe-mallow. Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (HOOKER AND ARNOTT ) RYDBERG
Quill-leaf Tillandsia. Tillandsia fasciculata SWARTZ

Catesby Pitcherplant. Sarracenia catesbaei ELLIOTT

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

Cornus florida Linnaeus

Dogwood grows abundantly in the favored regions which it
inhabits. When the tree is in bloom in early spring, the profuse
blossoms appear like a cloud of great snowflakes falling through the
interlaced branches. The large flower buds are well developed before
the leaves fall in autumn. When warmer days have come the four
small bracts, which protect the buds, expand into the white petal-
like organs which surround the yellow-green florets clustered in
the center. The dogwood tree grows toa maximum height of twenty
feet with a trunk sometimes eighteen inches in diameter. Its bark is
gtay and cracked into squares, and the wood 1s close-grained and
heavy. Its firm and even texture, and its quality of drying without
ctacking, makes it a favorite wood for wedges in lumber camps and
for spindles and bobbins in cotton mills. Dogwood is the State flower
of Virginia, and no more beautiful and suitable plant could have been
chosen. Occasionally the bracts are pink. Both color-ty pes are exten-
sively cultivated, thriving best in a moderately acid soil.

Flowering dogwood is found from Florida and Texas northward
to southern Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota, and related species occur
in the Pacific Coast States, and in Japan, Korea, and China.

The sketch was made in Washington, District of Columbia.

PLATE 321

321. MV W 1925

FLOWERING DOGWOOD

Cornus florida Linnaeus
FRUIT OF PLATE 321

As autumn approaches, the leaves of the dogwood assume gor-
geous tints of crimson and yellow, and at the same season the clus-
ters of brilliant red berries reach their maturity. Robins and many
other birds are especially fond of the juicy though bitter berries,
and frequently they eat them all before winter comes. The seeds are
stored by small mammals for winter use. Sometimes the fruits re-
main on the tree until far into the winter. In late autumn, in some
places, they are so abundant as to give a ted color to the woods.

Dogwood is found from Florida to Texas, and northward to
southern Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota.

The branch illustrated grew near Fairfax, Virginia, a region where
the berries are exceptionally large and well developed.

PLATE 322

322. MV W 1925

baat

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=

i

WITCH-HAZ EE

Hamamelis virginiana Linnaeus

In late autumn, when the leaves have nearly all fallen, and all
other flowers long since have faded, the witch-hazel comes into
bloom.

_ For now the gray witch-hazel gives her flowers,
Her tiny blooms, that sweeten all the air,
To greet November’s sun and chilly showers,
With something dainty, hardy, sweet and fair.
Elusive, drifting, cool and vaguely sweet,
It gives the day a meaning all its own,
November's incense, as she comes to meet
The winter, when all flower scents have flown.

L. CLaupe.

The dainty pale yellow flowers sprawl from the axils of the yellow
tinted leaves, and sometimes open even after the last leaf has fallen.
The fruits do not ripen until almost a year has passed. Then the hard
dry seeds ate shot from the slowly splitting capsules to a distance of
many yards from the parent plant. Witch-hazel was named by the
eatly colonists from a fancied resemblance to another plant known
to them in western Europe, and much of the folk-lore connected
with the latter was transferred with the name. The twigs are sup-
posed to possess occult powers when in the hands of persons capable
of interpreting the movements, and to reveal the presence of water
or mineral deposits. Witch-hazel is used in medicine, because of the
soothing properties of the distilled extract.

The witch-hazels belong to a small plant family distantly related
to the roses. The species here described is found from Florida north-
ward to Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Minnesota. A relative that grows
from Louisiana to Missouri blooms in earliest spring.

The specimens painted grew neat Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 323

323.M Vv W 1925

Sa al Pa = ? ie a oe SRT Re aS i
toes =a :
: . ; Seen ae STS ieee
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MAY POP

Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus

The Passionflower Family of three hundred and fifty species 1s ex-
clusively American, and nearly all the species are inhabitants of the
tropics. Only a few are found in the United States and of these the
maypop is hardy as far north as Virginia and even farther northward.
It is a vigorous vine, often growing thirty feet in length, with many
tendrils and rich green leaves. The peculiarly scented flowets attract
universal attention by their complicated structure and coloring. The
various organs of the flower suggested to the devout Spaniards
the objects associated with the passion of our Lord, and the Latin
name was given in consequence. The fruit is as large as a hen's egg
and pale yellow. Its smooth rind is very tough, and the many and
large seeds ate surrounded by a juicy sweet pulp, which is eaten by
children. Some of the tropical passionflowets are highly esteemed
for their edible fruits of superior flavor. The common name of the
plant refers to the loud popping noise that it makes when squeezed
until it bursts. Tennessee has adopted it as the State flower.

The maypop gtows from Florida to Texas and northward to
Virginia, southern Indiana, and Missouri. It is easily cultivated, but
is not safe to introduce into small gardens, because of its spreading
tendencies.

The sketch was made from specimens secured near Savannah,

Georgia.

PLATE 3 24

eek

The

324-M Vw 1925

'

SWEETBAY

Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus

Sweetbay is found in swampy woods or deep swamps whete it is
usually a shrub, although sometimes attaining the size of a tree. The
leathery leaves are silvery beneath, and their upper surface is a rich
dark green. The solitary flowers are borne at the tips of the branches,
where the creamy petals contrast pleasingly with the deeply colored
foliage. Their delicious and pervasive odor is theit greatest attraction.
Long after the flowers have passed they ate succeeded by a cone-
shaped fruit in which, when fully ripe, the separate parts split open,
and the seeds with their bright red fleshy covering dangle by slender
threads. When the thread finally breaks, the seeds are blown by the
wind to substantial distances. While beavers were abundant they
felled the trunks of these trees for buildin g their dams, and they were
so fond of the bark that it was employed frequently to bait beaver
traps. Sweetbay is often called beaver tree.

This striking member of the Magnolia Family is found around
the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Texas and Arkansas, and north-
watd along the Atlantic coastal plain to Pennsylvania and Massachu-
setts. It always grows in the most acid of soils, and thrives in culti-
vation only if planted in such soils.

It grows plentifully in the neighborhood of Washington, District
of Columbia, where this specimen was found.

PLATE 325

325.m v w 1925

LAMBKILL

Kalmia angustifolia Linnaeus

Lambkill, although closely related to mountain laurel, is conspic-
uously different in its low stature and smaller but more brightly
colored flowers. It is a beautiful member of the Heath Family. The
shrub gtows from six inches to three feet in height, and where it
is plentiful, colors the hillsides or swamps with its rich crimson.
The plant, as its popular name intimates, is very poisonous to stock,
which sometimes eat the young leaves. Its poisonous properties were
well known to the Indians who inhabited the Eastern States.

This species has a wide range. It is found from Georgia to Michi-
gan and northward to Newfoundland and Hudson Bay.

The sketch was made from specimens collected near Washing-
ton, District of Columbia.

PLATE 326

iy

is

326. Mv Ww 1925

ee

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x

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PINK LAD Ys LEA.

Cypripedium acaule Aiton

Pink ladyslipper, often called moccasin-flower, is always a delight
to the flower lover, for it seems like some exotic visitor. In fact it
is not surpassed in beauty by many of the choicest orchids of the
tropics. It adapts itself readily to cultivation in a wild garden if suit-
able acid soil is provided, for it is one of the most acid-loving of
all our native plants. It reappears year after year when once estab-
lished. The term acaule, meaning “stemless,” applies to the leaves and
not to the flower, for the latter grows at the top of a slender stem
springing up between two broad gteen leaves which often lie close
against the soil. It is the largest flower produced by any of our native
northern orchids. Bumblebees are attracted to the nectar and enter
the pouch, at the top of which it is secreted. Frequently, however,
they find escape difficult, sometimes even biting their way out to free-
dom. Those which manage to emerge through the openings beside
the anthers rub off some of the sticky pollen, and without knowing
it, catty this to another flower and leave it on the stigma there, thus
bringing about cross-pollination and the production of fertile seed.

Pink ladyslipper is found from the mountains of Alabama north-
ward to Newfoundland and westward to Manitoba.

The flowers sketched grew near Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 327

327. MVw 1925

PAPAW

Asimina triloba (Linnaeus) Dunal

The papaw is a tall shrub or small tree from ten to forty-five
feet in height. It grows in rich ground along river bottoms, where
owing to the soft and unobtrusive coloring of the flowers, it is
easily overlooked when in bloom. The flowers appear earlier than
the leaves, along with those of dogwood and tredbud, but the fruits
do not ripen until October. They grow singly or in sparse bunches,
and ate of the size and shape of short stout bananas. When ripe,
they are colored deep yellow. Opinions differ as to their palatabil-
ity, but many persons enjoy their sweet aromatic flavor. The old
French settlers called them “assimin,’ a name derived from that
used in a dialect of the Algonquian Indians, and the genus name
is derived from this term. The papaw belongs to the tropical Anona
Family, but the eight species of Aszmina ate all native in the south-
ern United States.

This specimen grew on Plummers Island, Maryland, near Wash-
ington, District of Columbia.

Papaw ranges from Florida westward to Texas and Kansas and
northward to New York, southern Ontario, and Michigan.

PLATE 328

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DRUMMOND PITCHERPLANT

Sarracenia drummondiz Croom

The thrill of finding a pitcherplant in bloom is a rate experience,
for the petals of these plants are short lived. The umbrella left be-
hind is a curious object, but it lacks the distinctive beauty of the pet-
fect flower, with its brilliant petals. Many insects are attracted to the
treacherous pitchers and are lured to their death. Of all our wild
flowers, pitcherplants are the most fascinating from the standpoint
of their relations to insects, excepting only the orchids. They yield
readily to cultivation in a cool greenhouse, when given the proper
acid soil, and abundant moisture about their roots, approximating
natural conditions. This may be accomplished by the use of a double
pot, with peat moss in the interspace.

Drummond Pitcherplant is one of the largest of the several species
of the genus, its pitchers reaching a height of three or even four
feet. It is native in a rather restricted area along the Gulf Coast, from
southwestern Georgia and western Florida to southern Mississippi.

The plant painted was brought into bloom in the greenhouses of
the Department of Agriculture in Washington.

PLATE 329

329. M V W 1925

sofa
Sra

YELLOW CUCUMBERTREE

Magnolia cordata Michaux

Yellow cucumbertree is one of the rate members of the Mag-
nolia Family, its range being confined to the State of Georgia. This
species has had a peculiar history, having been discovered by Michaux
in the course of his famous exploration trips in this country in the
latter part of the eighteenth century, then being lost to science for a
long period, and rediscovered in the wild in recent years.

A fine specimen on the grounds of the Department of Agricul-
tute in Washington always draws much attention, especially when
adorned with its showy blossoms. The flowers resemble somewhat
those of the tuliptree, which indeed is a close relative, but the cu-
cumbertree flowets earlier in the season.

The specimen sketched was given me by the Honorable Henry C.
Wallace, at that time Secretary of Agriculture.

PLATE 330

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JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT

Avisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus ) Torrey

Jack-in-the-pulpit, sometimes called Indian turnip, comes into
bloom in spring along with violets and columbines. It thrives in
tich moist woods, and in favorable surroundings develops into a
plant two feet tall. Some spathes contain stamunate flowers and others
pistillate flowers. In some cases both staminate and pistillate flowers
are found in the same plant, the latter growing above the former, at
the base of the club. The fruit, which consists of a ball of bright red
berries, ripens in September. The bulblike corm, sunk deep in the
ground, is very pungent when tasted raw, causing the mouth and
tongue to burn for hours afterward. It was used by the Indians as
food, however, after baking or boiling to remove the irritating sub-
stances. |

The Arum family, to which Jack-in-the-pulpit belongs, is com-
posed chiefly of tropical plants but includes the skunkcabbage, wild
calla, greendragon, and goldenclub, as well as the cultivated calla.

Jack-in-the-pulpit is found from Florida to Kansas and northward
to Nova Scotia and Minnesota. Our specimen grew at Bryn Mawr,
Pennsylvania.

Jack-in-the-pulpit preaches today,
Under the green trees, just over the way;

Squirrel and song sparrow high on their perch,
Hear the sweet lily-bells ringing to church.

Come hear what his reverence rises to say,
In his low painted pulpit, this calm Sabbath day.
Fair is the canopy over him seen
Penciled by nature’s hand, black, brown and green.
Green is his surplice, green are his bands;
In his queer little pulpit, the little priest stands.

— Crara Smite

PLATE 331

Qa i- My w 1925

BLUBFPLAG LEIS

Iris versicolor Linnaeus

Blueflag itis loves swamps and wet meadows because it requires
ample moisture in order to flourish. Its blue flowers attract bees and
other insects; these ate necessary to the formation of viable seeds, for
the shape and arrangement of the petals are such as to make self pol-
lination impossible. The thick root is considered poisonous, and al-
though this is not fully substantiated, the foliage evidently contains
a repellent, for cattle never eat it. The irises derive their name from
the Gteek word meaning rainbow.

Blueflag iris has a wide range, growing from the mountains of
North Carolina northward to Newfoundland. Closely related species
also occur in adjoining territory.

The specimen sketched grew neat Washington, District of Colum-
bia.

PLATE 332

1925

332-> MV WwW

VIRGINIA STEWARTIA

Stewartia malachodendron Linnaeus

The few species of stewartia found in the southeastern United
States and eastern Asia are all rare and local plants, familiar to few
botanists. Their beauty deserves for them a wider acquaintance. This
stewattia is a shrub growing from six to twelve feet high, and is
usually found in low woods. The unusual coloring of the stamens,
especially the antlers, gives the flowets a very remarkable appearance,
and the leaves in autumn are colored brilliantly with red and orange.
The genus name was given in honor of John Stuart, Earl of Bute, a
patron of botany, but Linnaeus adopted the name in the form Stew-
artia. It belongs to the Tea Family.

Stewartia ranges from Florida to Virginia and west to Louisiana.

The sketch was made ftom a specimen gathered on Ladys Island,
neat Beaufort, South Carolina.

PLATE 333

333: MV Ww

1925

WAX TRILLIUM
Trillium album (Michaux) Small

Wax trillium is one of the trilliums which 1s little known and
seldom seen, but for that very reason, it is of greater interest when
found. Moist woods and thickets ate its favorite habitat. Since it
thrives in cultivation in a wild garden, as do most of its relatives, it
may be enjoyed each succeeding spring. It may be a color form of the
well-known purple trillium (Trillium erectum). It occuts as isolated
plants throughout the range of that species, from the mountains of
Georgia and Alabama to Nova Scotia and Manitoba. The trilliums
belong to the Lily Family, and the numerous species occurring in
North America ate distributed from coast to coast.

The specimen sketched was obtained from a wild garden near
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

PLATE 334

|
Chg
Page
iat

LODBLOLEY PIN &

Pinus taeda Linnaeus

We ate so apt to consider the various kinds of pine trees as similar
and uninteresting, that when a loblolly pine is investigated in its
blooming season in earliest spring, its curious flowers shedding their
clouds of dustlike pollen are an unexpected novelty. Produced plen-
tifully at the tips of the twigs, they are so abundant, as to give a
brownish tinge to the whole tree. The embryonic cones are inconspic-
uous at this season, reaching their full size only at the end of autumn,
but they enlarge after pollination has occurred. Loblolly pine is a large
forest tree occasionally reaching a height of one hundred and fifty
feet, with a trunk five feet in diameter. It springs up in clearings or in
old fields and 1s often called oldfield pine. The long leaves are usually
in threes. The wood 1s coarse-grained and brittle.

Loblolly pine ranges from Florida north to Delaware and New
Jersey and west to Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The sketch was made at Beaufort, South Carolina.

PLATE 335

335° My W Ig25

FRINGED GENTIAN

Gentiana crinita Froelich

Fringed gentian is a plant always surrounded with sentiment,
which is reflected in Bryant’s lines:

Thou waitest late, and comest alone

When woods ate bare and birds have flown,
And frosts and shortening days portend
The aged year is near his end.

Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye
Look through its fringes to the sky,
Blue—blue—as if that sky let fall

A flower from its cerulean wall.

In some years the fringed gentian may be found growing plenti-
fully in a given locality, but the next season it may be sought in vain
in the same spot. The fact that the plant is a biennial, flowering only in
its second season, sometimes accounts for this, although in some places
other individuals come into bloom in the in-between years. The seeds,
although numerous, are very small and light and easily washed away
by rain or blown about by the wind. There are seven hundred mem-
bets of the Gentian Family, most of them found in temperate and
atctic regions, although many others grow in the higher mountains
of tropical countries. The name is derived from that of King Gentius
of Illyria.

Fringed gentian has a wide range, from the mountains of Georgia
to Quebec and South Dakota.

The flowets sketched were obtained neat Mount Kisco, New York.

PLATE 336

Ss

1925

QDs HV AV

WHITE EPIDENDRUM

Epidendrum nocturnum Jaquin

In the deep cypress swamps of southern Florida the white epiden-
drum, known locally as batk orchid, is of frequent occurtence, al-
though sometimes it is perched so high upon the tree that it is
difficult to discover. The vety minute seeds, carried by the breeze to
some branch, germinate and develop slowly, if the conditions ate ex-
actly right, into tiny plants which requite several yeats to reach ma-
turity. The plants cling tightly by their thick, fleshy roots to the
branches. The white flowers of this epidendrum, although not so
showy as those of some of its tropical relatives, ate very beautiful, and
like the blossoms of most orchids, they last for a long time after they
have opened. Their fragrance, which is especially noticeable at night,
is atttactive to moths, which feed on the nectar and unwittingly ac-
complish cross-pollination in carrying the pollen from flower to
flower.

The dense hammocks of the lower Florida wilds bordering Coot
Bay and the ramifying channels leading to and from it in Montoe
County contain probably the finest development of epiphytic plants
in the United States. Here many species of orchids, bromeliads, and
ferns, in endless number, drape and festoon the branches to form a
veritable hanging garden.

This specimen came from Coot Bay, Florida. The plant is rather
generally distributed in the West Indies and elsewhere in tropical
America.

PLATE 337

t He al i‘ ;
A ay ie

237. Mv Ww

1925

‘
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\
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\

BLUEBEAD

Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque

Bluebead is found in cool, mossy, shady woods, where its hand-
some large green leaves draw attention to the greenish-yellow bell-
shaped flowers which ate botne on a sturdy stem well above them.
The large dark blue fleshy fruits, to which the common name tefers,
ate mote conspicuous than the flowers. They are held upright on
their stiff stems, and ate familiar to every nature lover who visits
the northern woods in late summer. The Clintonias were named for
DeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York, who was an enthusiastic
botanist. They belong to the Lily Family.

This species has a wide range, occurring from the high mountains
of North Carolina westwatd to Wisconsin and northward to New-
foundiand and Minnesota.

The plant sketched was obtained neat Canandaigua, New York.

PLATE 338

338. MV W 1925

YELLOW TR@OUTEIEY

Erythronium americanum Ket

Yellow troutlily is one of our early spring flowers, making its ap-
pearance at the same time as bloodroot and toothwort. The lush
leaves are as fresh and lovely as the blossoms. These almost close at
night, and open only sluggishly in daylight, failing to revive when
picked. The shady meadows bordering streams are their favored hab-
itat, and here mats of the leaves, sometimes acres in extent, often
closely carpet the ground. Only a few individuals bear flowets, how-
ever, for like many other wild flowets several yeats ate necessary for
its bulbs to mature. The troutlilies belong to the Lily Family, and the
approved common name, which was coined by the famous naturalist,
John Burroughs, emphasizes this fact. The name used in some books,
dogtooth violet, is highly inappropriate, for the flower does not bear
the slightest resemblance to a violet.

Yellow troutlily has a wide range, from Florida to Arkansas, and
north to Minnesota, Ontario, and Nova Scotia.

The specimens sketched grewnear Washington, District of Colum-

bia.

PLATE 339

339. MV W 1925

YELLOW FRINGEORCHID

Habenaria ciliaris (Linnaeus) Robert Brown

Yellow fringeorchid is one of our showy representatives of the
Orchid Family, and its only rival in brilliance of coloration in its ac-
customed habitat is the cardinalflower. The accepted common name
is somewhat inappropriate, however, for its color is really of a de-
cidedly orange hue. Growing two or three feet in height, in a ferny
meadow ot wet bog, or on the banks of a quiet stream, its bright
orange color beckons the long-tongued butterflies and moths to visit
it. In twilight it is easily seen by the large moths which hover over
it; these are often mistaken for humming birds through the simi-
larity in their manner of flight. It is a sturdy and elegant plant, and
to find it growing in perfect development is a joy never to be
forgotten.

Yellow fringeorchid has a wide range, ftom Florida to Texas and
northward to Vermont, Ontario, and Michigan. It can be cultivated
only in highly acid soil.

The sketch was made from plants gathered near Bridgeport,
Connecticut.

PLATE 3,40

340. MV W 1925

WHITEFLOWERING RASPBERRY

Rubus parviflorus Nuttall

The slightly crinkled petals of the whiteflowering raspberry are
conspicuous against their background of rich green maple-shaped
leaves. It 1s fully as attractive as its eastern relative, the flowering
taspberty, which beats purple flowers. The whiteflowering rasp-
berry grows from two to six feet tall, the lower part of the stems
being brown and woody. It frequents rich woods often at high alti-
tudes in the mountains. The berries are disappointing to the taste,
and full of small seeds. The plant belongs to the Rose Family, its
range extending from extreme northern Mexico to California and
Alaska, and eastward to Michigan and westernmost Ontario.

In the vicinity of Glacier, British Columbia, where the sketch was
made, and all through the Selkirk Mountains, it is especially abundant.
This specimen was obtained at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 3,41

341.

MV W 1925

—i

OE

a

SALTMARSH ROSEGENTIAN

Sabbatia stellaris Pursh

The delicate star-shaped flowers of marsh rosegentian are distrib-
uted plentifully in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast, and actes of
the flowers may be seen in favored places in midsummer. The color
varies from white to deep pink. The contrast between the color
of the petals and the carmine-bordered yellow eye is most pleasing.
Many other Sabbatias grow in the eastern half of the United States,
especially southward. Some of them have even larger and brighter
flowers than the saltmarsh rosegentian. The Sabbatias belong to the
Gentian Family.

Because of its preference for salt, this plant does not extend in-
land, but it spreads along the coast from Florida to Louisiana and
Maine. The flowers sketched were found near Bridgeport, Connecti-

cut.

PLATE 342

342. MV W 1925

—s

CC ——

FRINGED PARNASSIA

Parnassia funbriata Konig

Fringed parnassia is a hardy and beautiful plant, closely related to
the Saxifrage Family. The dainty flower stalks spring from a cluster
of smooth green leaves, each stem supporting a single creamy white
flower about an inch across, and the delicate fringes along the sides
of the petals are a feature seldom found in flowers. The plants grow
plentifully along rivulets, and on moist banks irrigated by snow-
water. The size of the plant varies greatly with altitude. In low-
lying valleys the flower stems may be two feet tall, but on higher
mountain slopes only an inch or two in length.

Fringed parnassia is distributed from California and New Mexico
northward to Alberta and Alaska.

The plant sketched grew near Lake O'Hara, ten miles from Hec-
tor, British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 343

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ae

seh

ey

343-M V W 1925

BOURGEAU ROSE

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin

If you happen to journey in June to the upper Columbia River
Valley, British Columbia, you will be rewarded by seeing the wild
toses in full bloom. In no other part of the country where we ttav-
eled, except neat Banff, do they show such marvelous color and size,
ot grow so plentifully. Their delicious odor is everywhere. The
sturdy bushes frequently grow to a height of four feet or mote.
Their woody brown stems ate well protected by many slender
down-curved spines. Four States have chosen the rose as their of-
ficial flower—Iowa, North Dakota, New York, and Georgia, but
the particular rose so honored 1s not always designated. Georgia has
chosen the cherokee rose, introduced long ago from China.

The Bourgeau tose is found from Colorado and Montana north-
ward to British Columbia and Mackenzie, and rately eastward to
Ontario.

The plant sketched was obtained neat Lake Minnewonka, ten miles
from Banff, Alberta, Canada, at an altitude of 4,500 feet.

PLATE 344

344. M V W 1925

BOURGEAU ROSE

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin
FRUIT OF PLATE 344

The beautiful flowers of the Bourgeau rose are followed by the
conspicuous red fruits or hips. They have a pleasant flavor, but are
irritating tothe human throat. They are a favorite food of many birds
and small mammals. Formerly, before so many delicious fruits were
obtainable, rose hips were used to fill tarts, and in northern Europe a
kind of fruit soup was made from them. In the United States they
wete used in jelly by those seeking novelties of this sort.

The Bourgeau rose is found from Colorado and Montana, north-
watd to British Columbia, Alberta and Mackenzie, and eastward to
Ontario.

Near Sinclair Canyon, Alberta, whete this specimen was gathered,
they grew in large quantities at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 3,45

345. MV W 1925

PURPLE PENISITBEMON

Pentstemon lyallit Gray

Purple pentstemon is one of the finest of all the pentstemons,
especially when it finds a congenial situation. In disintegrated lime-
stone it thrives luxuriantly, often forming low dense clumps two ot
three feet in diameter and completely covered with large purple
blossoms which resemble those of foxglove, one of its relatives. The
flowers, borne at the ends of the stems, are so heavy that they weigh
the branches to the ground. On slopes above timberline where it is
subjected to severe climatic conditions it is very beautiful in contrast
with gray rocks, especially when growing in rock crevices.

Purple pentstemon belongs to the Figwort Family and ranges
from Idaho and Montana northward to Alberta and British Columbia.

We gathered them in perfection in Sinclair Canyon, near Radium
Hot Springs, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 3,46

340.M Vv W1Qg25

GANADA VIOLET

Viola canadensis Linnaeus

Canada violet is easily recognized, because its habit of growth is
different from that of most members of the Violet Family. The plants
grow to a height of six inches or even two feet in favored situations,
and the pale, rather inconspicuous, slightly scented flowers spring
from the axils of the leaves. The Canada violet prefers moist shady
places in the proximity of pines and fits, but it grows also in alpine
meadows. Its flowering season is longer than that of most violets,
lasting well into the summer.

The wide range of Canada violet makes it a familiar plant to many
flower lovers. It occurs from the mountains of Alabama and Arizona
notthward to Newfoundland and Alaska.

The sketch was made at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, whete the
plant was found at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 3,47

es a
.
a
f

347-M V W1Q925

4
4

ee

-
$s

Pk

es

x
paca,

aoa

Petey
sees,

eS
ge

WOOLLY ARNICA

Arnica tomentosa Macoun

Woolly atnica is one of many species of this genus, which belongs
to the Aster Family. It is a graceful perennial with large bright yel-
low flower heads produced at the ends of the stems. Like other parts
of the plant the leaves are conspicuously woolly, hence the appropri-
ateness of the name given to it. We found this arnica growing high
on the mountainside where it maintained a precarious foot-hold in
shallow soil in crevices of limestone tocks.

This species has a narrow range, occurring only in Alberta and
British Columbia.

The plant illustrated was gathered in the valley of the Siffleur
River, British Columbia, at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 348

are

an

348. M Vv W 1925

STRAW BERRY-BLITE

Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Aschetson

The flowets of strawberry-blite are small, greenish, and inconspicu-
ous. The plant is showy, however, in late summer when in fruit. It
ptoduces quantities of globular, pulpy, berrylike fruits crowded on
the stems, which appear too weak to carry such a heavy load. It is
sometimes called Indian strawberry, although it is not at all related
to the true strawberries, being a member of the Goosefoot Family.
The fruit is not eaten, but the Indians used the ted juice of the fruit
as a dye.

This plant has a wide range, occurring from New Jersey north-
watd to Nova Scotia and westwatd to Illinois, California,and Alaska.
It is found also in Europe and Asia.

The specimens painted were gathered by the side of the motor
toad in the Bow Valley between Banff and Lake Louise, Alberta, at
an altitude of 4,000 feet.

PLATE 3 49

349. MV W 1925

Fee hd dee A ln mane ne gear abla anes looee aha La

te! 0 le

1

7:
i

* ro

oe ha
‘ef
a
:
;

3

.
‘

a

sp tel et +

WESTERN RATTLESNAKEPLANTAIN

Peramium decipiens (Hooker) Piper

The common name applied to this plant refers to the resemblance
of the beautiful white veinings of the leaves to the markings on a
tattlesnake. It seems a pity to be obliged to include the word “plan-
tain” in its name, however, for it is not in any way telated to the weeds
to which this name applies, being instead a delicate orchid. The tech-
nical name of the genus is not used in all books, some authors pte-
ferring to substitute Epipactis or Goodyera. The rosette of leaves is mote
conspicuous than the flowers, which are borne, usually, on one side
of a stout stem. The plant loves decaying wood, and it grows fre-
quently under evergreen trees where the air is cool and damp, though
the soil is dry.

Western rattlesnakeplantain occurs from the mountains of New
Mexico and California northward to British Columbia and sparingly
eastward to the Great Lakes region, and even to northern Maine and
Quebec.

We found it in the Selkirk Mountains twenty miles beyond Gla-
ciet, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,000 feet.

PLATE 3,50

350.M V W 1925

~

BUR-FORGET-ME-NOT
Lappula diffusa (Lehmann) Greene

But-forget-me-not is a lovely plant growing two feet in height
and beating a profusion of delicately scented blue flowers. When it
was in fruit we were disillusioned as to its character, for we found
that each flower produced a small round bur covered with prickles
which attached itself to any passing object and was difficult to loosen.
The plant 1s especially plentiful in the tracks of old snow slides, for
it delights in the cool moisture of slopes where much snow has
melted. Sometimes the flowets ate white.

But-forget-me-not ranges from Colorado to California and north-
ward to Alberta and British Columbia.

We found the plant growing near Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 351

w
N
a
=
>
=
fis
w
~

tana te ing Ti

ore

7

4
4

ALPINE FORGET-ME-NOT

Myosotis alpestris Schmidt

Alpine forget-me-not has lovely blue, slightly scented flowers,
densely clustered, with deep yellow centers. It prefers moist alpine
slopes near timberline, and hete it is found in perfection, coming into
flower throughout the summer as the snow recedes. Like many al-
pine plants, it has shorter stems when it grows at higher elevations
on the mountain sides, and there it may properly be described as a
cluster of blue flowets surrounded by a rosette of green hairy leaves.

The forget-me-nots belong to the Borage Family. This one has a
comparatively narrow range in North America, occurring from Col-
otado to Alberta and Alaska. It is found also in Europe and Asia.

In the region near Baker Lake, ten miles from Lake Louise,
Alberta, where these flowers were gathered, it grows in perfection
at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PEATE 352

Paine
IP Seng

M
Vv
Ww 1925

352.

WHITE GLOBEFLOWER
Trollius albiflorus (Gray) Rydberg

Alpine meadows, the wet margins of streams, and the edges of
melting snow patches ate the places most frequented by the white
globeflower. It blooms so early in the season that it is usually in fruit
before the eastern visitor arrives, though often retatded plants may
be found in blossom even at the end of the summer, pushing through
a thin sheet of ice at the border of an obstinate snowbank. The globe-
flower belongs to the Buttercup Family, and looks much like some
of its cousins of that group, the anemones.

The range of this species is from Colorado to Washin gton, Alberta,
and British Columbia.

We gathered it in the meadows near Mount Assiniboine, fifty
miles south of Banff, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 353

353. MV W 1925 ;

PERENNIAL GAILLARDIA

Gatllardia avistata Putsh

Perennial gaillardia is one of the gaudiest of the mountain flowets,
and in its abundance and display of color recalls the familiar black-
eyed-susan of eastern pastures. We often found the flowerheads so
large and beautiful that the plant seems to have no need of imprtove-
ment by the hand of man, although this gaillardia was brought into
cultivation long ago, and is now a well-known garden plant all over
the world. It prefers dry slopes and many fine flowerheads ate often
borne on a single plant. It belongs to the great Aster Family. This
and other species of gaillardia are often seen in gardens.

Perennial gaillardia ranges from Colorado and South Dakota to
Oregon and British Columbia.

This specimen grew near Emerald Lake,seven miles from Field,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 354

254. M Vow 1925

a) Uh ee

aN a ea lat a taint Ea NO

‘i
;
a
i
i
4
;
7
i

PTARMIGANBERRY

Arctous alpina (Linnaeus) Niedenzu

This dwarf shrub of the Heath Family is a colorful plant in
autumn when its leaves turn ctimson and it is decorated with ted
berries. Growing flat on the ground, it makes brilliant patches of
color under the willows, aldets, and scrub pines which form open
thickets over the shaly flats deposited by glacial streams. By some
authorities the red-berried form here pictuted is separated as a variety
from the more widespread black-betried one. Under the name Arcrous
aythrocarpa ot Arctous alpina rubra, the ptarmiganberty grows at high
altitudes in widely separated districts of Maine, New Hampshite, and
Greenland, and from British Columbia to Alaska. It occuts also in
Europe and Asia.

The plant was especially beautiful in Douglas Canyon Valley,
which leads from Red Deer River Valley, fifty miles by trail north
of Lake Louise, Alberta, where we found it at an altitude of 6,000
feet.

PLATE 355

355.M V w1g25

ae atop ae

ao

HOODED LADIES-TRESSES

Ibidium strictum (Rydberg) House

Hooded ladies-tresses is later in blooming than most of our native
orchids, and often delays flowering until the end of summer. It grows
in moist of swampy places, in low meadows or near the bordets of
streams. It is a very sweet-scented plant and is often abundant where
congenial soil and moisture conditions exist. Cross-pollination of the
flowers is insuted by their intricate structure, and bees catty the pol-
len from one flower to another. Darwin's interesting observations on
this process have been recorded in great detail, and he and Asa Gray
had an extensive correspondence upon the subject.

The plant has a wide range, extending in one form or another from
Pennsylvania to Newfoundland, New Mexico, California,and Alaska.
Perhaps mote than one species is included in this citation of tange,
as those from the east and from the west look rather dissimilar.

The flowets sketched were obtained in the Siffleur River Valley,
fifty miles by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of
4,500 feet.

PLATE 3,56

350. M Vv W 1925 . -

:.
&
3
g
1
‘
{
i

“a

Sciatic echbepealinm eth sesdanighidy

SP Cet ae eC enee Ore Ce

ioe

YELLOW PENTSITEMON

Pentstemon confertus Douglas

Yellow pentstemon ts a graceful member of the Figwort Family.
In congenial sutroundings it is very plentiful, although inconspicu-
ous on account of the pale coloring of its flowers, which ate grouped
in sevetal whorls along the stem. Altitude affects the plant gteatly;
in the lower valleys it may grow to a height of two feet, but at a
high elevation the stem is only a few inches tall. Yellow flowers are
tare among the pentstemons, which are represented in the Rocky
Mountains by a number of species, most of them with white or purple
blossoms.

This pentstemon extends from Wyoming to California,and north-
watd to Alberta and British Columbia.

The plant sketched grew in the valley of Cataract Creek near Hec-
tor, British Columbia, at an altitude of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 357

Fito

‘3
4

357 MV W 1925

pave

ay
oS
pe

CAMAS

Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville

Camas is a telative of the lilies and hyacinths. It grows in large
quantities in open meadows or boggy fields. When in bloom in early
spring a camas meadow appears at a distance like a blue lake. The
bulbs were used extensively as food by the northwestern Indians.
When boiled they resemble potatoes in flavor. If baked over hot
stones enclosed in a covering of grass for thitty-six hours they have
a delicious chestnut flavor. Father de Smet in his “Oregon Missions”
terms the bulb “the queen root of this clime.”

This lovely camas ranges from Utah, Montana, and northern Cali-
fornia to British Columbia.

The sketch was made from plants growing at the east entrance to
Glacier National Park, Montana.

PLATE 358

ney

358. Mv W 1925

——

tl tangle tA lee

4
'
ce |
t
‘

oases Ptah an pmenisetintinrt so ene

MOSS FORGET-ME-NOT
Eritrichum elongatum (Rydberg) W.F. Wight

This member of the Borage Family, whose flowers look so much |
like a true forget-me-not,1s one of the plants that have adapted them-
selves to severe alpine conditions. Growing above timberline where
there is little shelter from storm and wind, it hugs the ground, its
woody root firmly inserted in some ctevice, where barely sufficient
soil has collected to permit its growth. Its flowers nestle in a mass of
gray moss-like leaves, whose somber coloring enhances the tate blue
of the flowers.

Moss forget-me-not ranges through the Rocky Mountains from
New Mexico to Montana and Oregon.

The specimen painted was found on a trail that carried us away
from the lower valleys near Apollonaris Spring in Yellowstone Na-
tional Park, Montana.

PLATE 359

359.M Vv W1g25

WESTERN PIPSISSEWA

Chimaphila umbellata vat. occidentalis (Rydberg) Blake

Pipsissewa is a shy plant retiring to moss-covered banks in cold
dark woods. Its delightful odor calls attention to its presence and its
glossy evergreen leaves and dainty pink flowets ate soon discovered.
After the flowers have withered, the brown seed pods remain some-
times throughout the winter scattering the seeds to the wind. Pip-
sissewa belongs to the Pyrola group of the Heath Family, and ts called
sometimes prince's pine.

Westetn pipsissewa is distributed from New Mexico to Montana,
California, and Alaska. Its eastern relative is the typical form of the
species and 1s widespread in the northeastern United States and Canada.

The plant sketched grew on the shore of Emerald Lake, near Field,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 3,60

360. M Vv W 1925

i

»

eS ee

eo

_s

oct a een me

juaibanitibieasis

Het
oe

RED COMANDRA

Comandra livida Richardson

Red comandra belongs to the Sandalwood Family, which has few
tepresentatives in this country, most of its members being shrubs and
ttees of the tropics. It is parasitic on the roots of other plants, and it
withers immediately when gathered. The light green flowers are
small and inconspicuous, but the fruits, when they mature in mid-
summer, ate of a vivid striking red. Two other comandras with
greenish or yellowish fruits are widely distributed in the United
States.

This species of comandra has a wide tange, occurring from the
mountains of Vermont to Labrador, and across Canada to British
Columbia and even Alaska.

We gathered the plant near Glacier Lake on the headwaters of
the Saskatchewan River, fifty miles north of Lake Louise at an alti-
tude of 6,000 feet, where this sketch was made.

PLATE 361

PALE Sl RAW Bink RY

Fragaria glauca (Watson) Rydberg

Wild strawberries grow almost evetywhete in the Canadian Rock-
ies. Their large white flowets with yellow centers and the bright red
fruits which follow them are known to all campets. Later in the sea-
son the leaves turn red. The plants propagate by runners, produced
after the fruiting season. A tea made from the leaves is most effica-
cious in intestinal complaints, and its properties were known to the
Indians, who often chewed the leaves for the same purpose. Wild
sttawberries ate found throughout most of the United States and
Canada, and also extend far southward along the mountains of Mexico.
Long ago they were brought into cultivation, and they have been im-
proved greatly, at least in size, by horticulturists.

This member of the Rose Family ranges from Nevada, New Mex-
ico, and South Dakota to British Columbia.

The sketch was made from a specimen collected in the valley of
Baker Creek, thirty miles by trail from Lake Louise, at an altitude of
5,000 feet.

PLATE 362

302. MV Ww 1925 |

REDSTEM SAXIFRAGE

Saxifraga lyalli Engler

When traveling over the higher mountain regions above timbet-
line, we frequently found the sloping banks of the tiny valleys spread
with carpets of redstem saxifrage. Where the soil was wet by drip-
pings from snowbanks, the tiny red and white flowers, carried well
above the tufts of leaves on their red stems, reached their greatest
perfection. When clumps of parnassia ate associated with them, the
effect is beautiful indeed.

Redstem saxifrage 1s a plant of narrow range, being found only from
Montana and Alberta to British Columbia and Alaska.

The flowers sketched were obtained near Baker Lake, fifteen miles
by trail from Lake Louise, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 363

303. MV Ww 1925

nocd

\
er mcr

a

2
‘irl rete

i
oe ni hres ms

wi Sieh

ees en w

ELOY iy AD

Dryas drummondi: Richardson

As yellow dryad is usually seen by mountain visitors, its mats of
crinkled leaves ate surmounted by fluffy seed heads, for the flowers
open early and last for only a brief season. The plant grows most pro-
fusely in gravelly glacial stream bottoms, in limestone soil. Here it
abounds until overwhelmed in midsummer by the high waters of
melting glacial ice, surviving only on portions of the stream banks
left undisturbed by the rushing water. The pale yellow flower always
turns its face downward, and does not open fully to the sunlight. The
dryads belong to the Rose Family.

This species is found often at high elevations, from Quebec to
Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska.

The specimen sketched was procured in the Ice River Valley,
twenty-five miles by trail from Leanchoil Station on the Canadian
Pacific Railroad, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 364

tarts

vis ics i,

364. M V W 1925

——

YELLOW DRVAD

Dryas drummondii Richardson
FRUIT OF PLATE 364

When the flowers of yellow dryad are past, their stalks lengthen
and soon the twisted seed heads develop into balls of fluff. These are
borne on dainty stems about six inches above the close mats of gray-
green leaves. Near Glacier Lake they grew in fairy rings. The soft
pink fluffy fruits were very beautiful. The horses considered them
only from the practical standpoint, and enjoyed eating them.

This member of the Rose Family is found in the mountains from
Quebec to Montana, British Columbia and Alaska.

In the valley of the Siffleur River, fifty miles north of Lake Louise,
by trail, the plant grew in abundance, and here we obtained these
specimens at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 365

305..M-V -W 1925

HELIOTROPE VALERIAN

Valeriana sitchensis Bongard

Heliotrope valerian grows plentifully in moist upland meadows,
ot on open mountain slopes, its tall succulent stems lifting the heads
of white or pinkish flowers well above the surrounding vegetation.
The flowers ate very sweet-scented with a fragrance suggesting heli-
otrope and attract numerous small insects. If they are gathered and
placed in water, however, the penetrating odor so characteristic of the
Valerian Family becomes clearly noticeable and the water turns pink.
The odor of the roots persists long after they are dry. Numerous
species of valerian grow in the United States, especially in the West.

Heliotrope valerian is found from Montana and Oregon north to
Yukon and Alaska. |

The flowets sketched wete obtained near Hector, British Columbia,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 366

306. M Vv Ww 1g25

MOSS CAMPION

Stlene acaulis Linnaeus

Moss campion is one of the most attractive of the alpine plants and
one frequently seen by the mountaineer climbing above timberline
Although its blooming season is short, differences in altitude and ex-
posure in its many habitats are responsible for its blooming during a
longer period than most alpine plants. It grows from a single woody
toot anchored deep in rocky soil, and spreads into a flat cushion often
a foot ot more in diameter. The bright green of the narrow leaves
is beautifully contrasted with the pink, or rarely white, flowers, and
the plant is always a joy to behold.

This lovely member of the Pink Family is found in arctic or arctic-
alpine situations, from New Hampshite to Greenland, across Canada
and from the highest mountains of New Mexico to Alaska; also in
Europe and Asia.

The plant sketched was procured neat Baker Lake, fifteen miles
by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,500 feet.

PLATE 367

307. MV W 1925

ALPINE HAREBRILE

Campanula lastocarpa Chamisso

In the southern part of its range alpine harebell is a comparatively
tate plant and is to be found only by those hardy souls who climb to
the heights. Here above timberline we found it hiding among the
short gtasses, as though to gain a little shelter from winds and storms.
It was a thrilling experience to come upon so shy and rare a flower.

This attractive little harebell has a northern range, occurring in
Alberta, British Columbia, and Alaska. It is found also in Siberia and
Japan.

The sketch was made from a flower obtained on Eagle Peak, near
Glacier, British Columbia, at an altitude of 8,000 feet.

PLATE 368

ih MP et RS ar

i

7
i
as j
(a Ra
+ ‘
+

&

&

staal i
i

* Ni
7
1

3 ‘

i

pa Mal

APRS RE Oe IEE:

+ + > See csp

Te Aen 1S 18

Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus

No one who has seen harebells remains unappreciative of their
dainty beauty. The apparently delicate stems ate really strong and well
able to support the flowers they carry. The buds are usually upright,
but the flowers when open are horizontal or turn downwards to
protect the stamens and pistils from passing showers. The name rorun-
difolea (“tound-leaf”) describes the basal leaves of the plant, which
usually disappear before the flowers have developed.

The harebell has as wide a distribution as any member of the Bell-
flower F amily, ranging from Pennsylvania to Illinois, New Mexico,
and California, and north to Labrador and Alaska. It grows also in
_ Europe and Asia. It is the Scotch bluebell or “bluebells of Scotland”
that is celebrated in verse.

The sketch was made from specimens found near Hector, British
Columbia, at an altitude of 4,000 feet.

PLATE 369

3090.M V W 1925

wees

i A ar

004 ls Oe te a a

pla i AAs pilin

i aga

“dl
;
i
i
‘
rd
5
H

ee ee)

ii at i

RED WILLOW WEED

Epilobium latifolium Linnaeus

Red willowweed is a superb member of the Evening-primrose
Family that prefers gravelly stream bottoms, especially those over-
flowed by the water from melting glaciers, and also often bordets al-
pine brooks. The large petals are inserted at the top of the long slender
pods, which, when ripe, split lengthwise, freeing the plumed seeds
which ate blown by the wind far from the parent plant. When the
plants are in bloom, they make a gorgeous sight, often covering many
actes with their lovely color.

This plant has a wide range from Greenland to Quebec, South
Dakota, Colorado, Washington, and Alaska. It occurs also in Europe
and Asia.

The sketch was made from a specimen obtained near Glacier,
British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 370

370.M V W 1925

5
a
i
=.
‘-

=

rer,

NORTHERN ANEMONE

Anemone parviflora Michaux

On account of its greater range in altitude, northern anemone
flowers during a longer season than most of its relatives. If we climb
in midsummer above timberline, we find it in sheltered places where
the snow has recently melted, blooming beside the rivulets of snow
water. It is able to withstand even the frosty nights of the higher
slopes and appeats none the worse for the freezing it has experienced.
When the flowets ate past, a woolly seed head soon develops, and in
autumn the seeds ate carried away by the wind to new localities. The
name Anemone is derived from a Greek word meaning “the wind.”
Northern anemone belongs to the Buttercup Family, and has a wide
range from Ontario to Labrador, Colorado, and Alaska. It grows also
in Asia.

The flowers sketched were found neat Wild Flower Camp,twenty-
five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,000
hee.

PLATE 371

erst

371.M V W1Q25

ALBERTA PAINTBRUSH

Castilleja miniata Bentham

No group of plants that we have observed in the Canadian Rockies
exhibits such a wonderful variety of color as the species of Castzleja,
almost universally known as paintbrushes, which are representatives
of the Figwort Family. All tints from white, throu gh yellow, green,
pink, red, and winecolor, with every degree of shade between, ate to
be seen in nature's gardens. Some are dazzlingly brilliant, but others
are softly shaded with the deepest color on the tips of the bracts form-
ing the head. Even in the same species there is often a surprising
vatiation in coloring, and isolated plants of forms with normally red
bracts have yellow bracted spikes.

This species of paintbrush ranges from Montana and Washington
north to Alberta and Saskatchewan.

The specimen painted grew near our camp on the headwaters of
the Clearwater River, forty-five miles by trail north of Lake Louise,
Alberta, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 372

372.M V W 1925

fe ie PAIN Ee A

Pedicularis groenlandica Retz

Elephanthead loves wet meadows and the borders of lakes and
streams. It prefers the region about timberline, and in sedgy upland
swampy places it supplies masses of rich color. Flowers, stems, and
leaves are often of almost the same tone. The curious flower resembles
an elephant’s head with the trunk raised.

This plant and a similar one growing in California have been te-
ferred by a few botanists to a distinct genus, appropriately named
Elephantella, but the two species agtee essentially in their flower
structute with other membets of the genus Pedscularis.

This representative member of the Figwort Family is found in
Greenland and Labrador, and from the mountains of New Mexico
and California northward to Alaska.

It grew in many places in the Ptarmigan Valley, fifteen miles by
trail north from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,000 feet,
where this specimen was obtained.

PLATE 373

373-M V W1925

vireo
aesietter

as :

LEWIS MONKEY FLOWER

Mimulus lewisiz Pursh

In the neighborhood of Glacier, British Columbia, where I first saw
this striking monkeyflower, it grew luxuriantly. Along the streams
about timberline it found the habitat most suited to it, for although it
never grew in water, it needed the cool drippings from melting snows
higher up the slopes to sustain its lush growth. The large richly
colored flowets were in pleasing contrast with the green leaves. I
never found the plant in the Rockies east of the Columbia River
The specific name was given in honor of Meriwether Lewis of the
celebrated Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Northwest. Although
dissimilar in aspect, the monkeyflowers belong to the same family as
the elephanthead, shown in the preceding plate—namely, the Fig-
wort family.

Lewis monkeyflower is found from Colorado to Arizona, Califor-
nia, and British Columbia and locally eastward to Minnesota.

These specimens were gathered at an altitude of 3,500 feet.

PLATE 374

374. Mov WwW 1925

ALPINE MONKEY FLOWER

Mimulus caespitosus Greene

The low gtowth of alpine monkeyflower coupled with the un-
usually large blossoms makes this species easy to recognize. It loves
wet places by the edges of cold brooks, although it does not gtow
actually in the water. Often it is the first flower to gain a foothold in
the beds of glacial moraines, uncovered by the recent recession of the
ice. The masses of golden yellow flowets were conspicuous near the
forefoot of the Ilecillewaet Glacier, near Glacier, British Columbia.
The alpine monkeyflower belongs to the Figwort Family and ranges
from Idaho to California and northward to British Columbia.

The flowers painted were gathered in the Asulkan Valley near
Glacier, British Columbia, at an altitude of 3,500 feet. —

PLATE 375

nat &,

a

44 “
: a
Ea her
%: 4 fod
re hte °
J ee .

ALEUTIAN: FLEABANE

Erigeron unalaschensis (De Candolle) Rydberg

The alpine valleys of the Canadian Rocky Mountains are wonder-
ful places in which to find wild flowers that flourish in high altitudes.
Among these the Aleutian fleabane, a member of the gteat Astet
Family, deserves a prominent place. It delights in the moist earth neat
snow-water streams, being able to withstand the violent, almost daily
changes from warm sunshine to freezing temperatures. The dainty
plant often has a woolly covering to protect it.

This fleabane is found from Montana to Alaska as well as in Labra-
dor and Greenland.

The specimens sketched were gathered in the Little Yoho Valley,
fifteen miles from Field, British Columbia, at an altitude of 7,500 feet.

PLATE 376

376.M v wig25

fis

coh
ties
eee Fi i

WHITEBARK PINE

Pinus albicaulis Engelmann

Whitebark pine, if growing in a favorable location, is somewhat
different in its habit of growth from most other pine trees. The
branches ate flexible and often almost erect, the purple cones being
borne near their ends. The trunk is frequently two to four feet in
diameter, but the height of the tree is only twenty to thirty feet. This
pine 1s seldom found below 5,000 feet, and at timberline it grows as
a low and often creeping shrub. When in bloom the dainty pink
staminate flowers ate vety lovely. They shed their pollen freely. On
wind-swept summits this tree takes on weatherbeaten and fantastic
forms.

Whitebark pine ranges from Wyoming to California and north to
Alberta and British Columbia.

The branch sketched came from a tree which grew on the side of
the Yoho Valley, ten miles from Field, British Columbia, at an altitude
of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 377

bec;

Be tbe

377. M Vv Wi1925

a were Teen Ge wee) on)

s

= x

oo

ee oe
Ae
}
‘
2
i |

ENGELMANN SPRUCE

Picea engelmanni (Party) Engelmann

Engelmann spruce is a majestic tree,sometimes growing toa height
of a hundted and fifty feet with a trunk fout or five feet in diameter.
Its branches ate produced in regular whorls. When growing with suf-
ficient space around it, it is a handsome pyramidal tree, and in favor-
able seasons the top is adorned with masses of rich brown cones.

From Arizona and New Mexico northward to Alberta, British
Columbia, and Yukon 1s the range of Engelmann spruce.

The branch sketched gtew in the valley of Clearwater River, forty
miles by trail north of Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude of 7,000 feet.

PLATE 378

378. M V W1925

t
3
}
t
ad
|
:

te

area

ve

CREEPING JUNIPER

Juniperus horizontalis Moench

The shotes of the Saskatchewan River, Alberta, are often sandy, and
along them we found many shrubs of creeping juniper with quan-
tities of blue berries adorning their branches. The plant flourished in
spite of the blowing sands, which in these places discourage all but
the hardiest vegetation. Creeping juniper is similar in foliage to the
familiar red cedar of the East, but in habit it is very different, grow-
ing usually as a dense mat, flat upon the ground.

Creeping juniper has a wide range from northern New York,
Maine, and Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Wyoming, Alberta, and British
Columbia.

The branch sketched grew at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 379

379.M V W 1925

DRUMMOND WILLOW

Salix drummondiana Barratt

Tn the Canadian Rockies, as late summer arrives, this willow 1s
clothed in its most beautiful garb. Each branch is adorned with loose
masses of fluffy cotton, consisting of the seeds and the adhering
plumes. These masses ate blown fat and wide by the wind, and if the
plants happen to grow near streams, a windrow of cotton often ac-
cumulates along their moist margins. Later this is caught by the water
and carried far down stream.

Drummond willow has a narrow range, being confined to Alberta
and British Columbia.

The sketch was made from a specimen that grew at Sheep Creek,
seventy-five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude
of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 380

oy

N

380. M V w 1925

SP aS ce SRN See APN EE

a an Care

‘

napnnelsipejenaigi entre Siticoan

LYALL LARGE

Larix lyalliz Parlatore

Of all the trees in the Canadian Rockies, Lyall larch is the most
interesting and the most picturesque. It is usually found between
6,000 and 8,000 feet elevation, where its bright green foliage ts easily
recognized from a distance, skirting the darker green spruces and firs
at timberline. A rugged tree, gnarled and twisted by the wind into
picturesque forms, it reaches a height of fifty feet in favorable local-
ities, with a trunk diameter of twenty inches. The cones are produced
about once in three years. The wood is tough and hard to cut, but it
makes a very hot although not lasting fire. As soon as a hard frost
comes, the leaves turn bright yellow and soon fall. Doctor Charles S.
Sargent and William M. Canby journeyed all the way from Boston
in 1808 to find this tree in fruit. I had been stopping at Lake Louise
and had procured a number of branches of Lyall larch with beauti-
ful cones, from the shores of Lake Agnes. On arriving at Banff, I left
my precious specimens on the rack beside the dining room door, while
I got my supper. When the meal was finished, the bunch of larch had
disappeared. On investigation I found the two botanists sitting on the
floor, with the Lyall larch between them, filled with enthusiasm
that their long journey would be a fruitful one. -

Lyall larch has a very narrow range. It grows in a few places in
Montana and in northern Oregon, but 1s plentiful only in Alberta and
British Columbia.

The branch sketched came from neat Lake McArthur, twelve
miles by trail from Hector, British Columbia, at an altitude of 7,500
tect

PLATE 381

ee ee

bs :, Mv WI1Q25
’ |

CROW BERRY

Empetrum nigrum Linnaeus

Crowbetty gtows as a dense matted shrub in rocky or shady places,
frequently in company with Rocky Mountain cassiope. It is easy to
confuse it with the latter plant if the two are not examined closely.
The flowets are inconspicuous but the black berries are distinctive.
The betties are much eaten by Arctic birds, although rather insipid to
the human taste. This primitive plant is believed by some botanists
to represent a survival, from some past geologic period, of a group
ancestral to the present-day Heath Family. The Crowberty Family, as
it is called, has few living members and most of these occupy isolated
areas, widely scattered over the earth, evidently relics of a former
much greater abundance.

This species is the most widespread member of the family, ranging
from northern New York, Maine, and Greenland westward to Michi-
gan and California, and northward to Alaska. It occurs also in Asia
and Europe.

We gathered these specimens at Marble Canyon not far from the
summit of Vermilion Pass, sixteen miles from Castle Station, Alberta,
at an altitude of 5,000 feet.

PLATE 382

382.M V Ww 1925

SIBERIAN ONION

Allium sibericum Linnaeus

Siberian onion is seen frequently in the higher valleys in the Cana-
dian Rockies. When growing in rich soil with an abundant supply
of moistute it 1s a showy plant. It occurs singly or in clumps, and is
easily identified by its odor, which 1s similar to that of the garden
chive, but more intense. It may be used for flavorin g stews and soups,
although with caution because its flavor is very strong. The flowers
resemble tiny lilies, and as a matter of fact the plant is a member of
the Lily Family.

This species of onion has a wide range, from northern New York
to Maine, and westward to Wyoming, Oregon, and Alaska. It is
found also in Europe and Asia.

These specimens were gathered near Lake Louise, Alberta, at an
altitude of 5,500 feet.

PLATE 383

SIMEMGAKR RS PU Ik

Delphinium depauperatum Nuttall

The brilliant color of slim larkspurs in mountain meadows filled
us with delight, and when they were in company with Alberta paint-
brush, bur-forget-me-not, and heliotrope valerian, all in full bloom,
we were able to appreciate the full beauty of nature’s garden. In some
places slim larkspur occurred in pure stands so that the meadows
were blue with them. They ate poisonous to cattle, which eat the
young shoots in early spring, and the districts where they grow can-
not be used for pasture. The name Delphinium was given to this genus
of plants from a fancied resemblance of the flower to a dolphin. The
larkspurs belong to the Buttercup Family.

Slim larkspur ranges from Montana to California and Oregon and
northward to Alberta. |

The plants sketched were obtained near Wild Flower Camp,
twenty-five miles by trail from Lake Louise, Alberta, at an altitude
of 6,000 feet.

PLATE 384

384. mM v wig25

& *.
seaeaeeaeaan alta er iealietia ite er areca te erat

ARROW LEAP GROUNDS

Senecio triangularis Hooker

Atrowleaf groundsel is a common plant which blooms late in the
season in the Canadian Rockies. It likes the rich soil of the borders
of alder thickets, where the brittle stems are somewhat protected
from the wind, and other moist places. It is a lush, coatse plant whose
yellow flowetheads give a gay color note in contrast to the bright
green leaves.

The genus Senecio belongs to the Aster Family, and comprises at
least twelve hundred species found in many parts of the world. They
ate widely distributed over the North American continent. This spe-
Cies ranges from New Mexico and California north to Saskatchewan
and Alaska.

We gathered the specimen sketched near Evelyn Glacier, twenty-
five miles from Castle, Alberta, at an altitude of 6,500 feet.

PLATE 385

WRIGHT PENTSTEMON

Pentstemon wrightiz Hooker

By the side of the winding road leading up the dry slopes of Tum-
amoc Hill to the Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, near
Tucson, Arizona, I found great clumps of this beautiful pentstemon.
The stems supporting the graceful flower panicles were two and a
half feet high. The lovely color of the blossoms was a delight to all
who passed. The plants grew out of the disintegrated rock of the
mountain and subsisted with so little soil that it seemed all but im-
possible for them to flourish in such perfection in so arid a spot.

The pentstemons are named from the fact that in addition to their
four normal stamens, they have a fifth sterile stamen which often is
conspicuous because it is covered with hairs, and often extends well
up toward the mouth of the corolla. The pentstemons belong to the
Figwort Family.

PLATE 386

|

386. M V W 1925

Gh ,
Ae ae
aN

ve

WHITE DAWNROSE

Pachyloplus marginatus (Nuttall) Rydberg

In the morning the dry sandy plains or mesas about Tucson are
dotted with the beautiful white flowers of the dawnrose. About noon
the blossoms close, and, turning pink in fading, they soon disappear,
a new bud opening next morning. The petals ate so ethereal in their
delicate loveliness that it is hard to understand how they can spring
from such an unfriendly dry soil.

White dawntose ranges from Colorado, Utah, and Arizona to Idaho
and Oregon.

The specimens sketched were gathered about forty miles south of
Tucson, Arizona.

PLATE 357 —

387.M Vv wig25

EVENING-PRIMROSE

Pachyloplus hirsutus Rydberg

When ttaveling along the highway toward the Roosevelt Dam
in Arizona I saw a plant about eighteen inches tall growing from a
ctevice in the rocks. It was full of buds as well as withered flowers,
tising atmong masses of long green leaves. When the plant was lifted
it was catried for several days awaiting an opportunity to sketch it.
One evening on returning to the hotel for dinner, I noticed, on entet-
ing the room, a delightful odor like that of a night-blooming ceteus,
and the plant was discovered in full bloom. The sketch fortunately
was made that evening, by electric light, for the next morning all the
flowets had withered.

This species of evening-primrose ranges from Atizona and New
Mexico to Wyoming.

PLATE 388

358. mM Vv W1925

Hy

ata

Soe a meee
_ 5 i i cas i :
te Ee ae 18 ‘a
4
) a

oe
Ee ee Sa ene ey ae eee

CLUSTER

Hookera pauciflora (Torrey) Tidestrom

The Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington
is located near Tucson, Arizona, high up on a small desert mountain
notable for its profusion of cactuses and other strange plants which
ate able to exist with a minimum of water. Among the sun-baked
tocks grow many clusterlilies, which are always atttactive in their
dainty beauty. Their bulbs, sunk deep in soil, enable the plant to live
from one blooming season to another.

The genus of the Lily Family to which clusterlily belongs contains
Many species restricted to Western North America, and occurring
mainly in California, but the present species grows in Atizona and
New Mexico. The technical name of this genus was given in honor
of Sit William Jackson Hooker, one of the most eminent of English
botanists.

PLATE 389

‘a

(ar ae

389. M Vv w1g25
4

CMELFORNIA PITCHERPLANT

Chrysamphora californica (Torrey) Greene

California pitcherplant is the only member of the Pitcherplant
Family growing west of the Mississippi Valley. It is quite as curious
a plant as its eastern relatives, the Saracenias. The pitcher, often two
feet tall, has leafy appendages growing from its mouth, the whole
suggesting the head of a cobra. These appendages are somewhat
trough-like, and insects traveling along them to collect the nectar
secreted there ate unsuspectingly led to the brink of the hollow
leaves. Many of these fall in and ate digested, contributing to the
nourishment of the plant. The flower presents an almost equally
strange appearance.

The plants grow in abundance in their favorite localities, the bogs
of northern California, where this specimen was obtained, and adja-
cent Oregon.

PLATE 390

390.M V W 1925

SCARION DT MA RaREI SA.

Calochortus kennedyz Porter

Scarlet mariposa is one of the most brilliant representatives of the
genus Calochortus. Its vivid color is accentuated by the contrasting
dark purple gland on the lower part of each petal. These mariposas,
of which there ate many species, greatly diversified as to the shape
and color of their flowets, ate very abundant in the foothills and on
the mountain slopes of Arizona and California. Some of them extend
far southward into the mountains of Central Mexico. The genus is
one of the most characteristic western American representatives of
the Lily Family.

This species has a rather narrow range in Nevada, Arizona, and
southern California.

PLATE 391

Bor. M Vv W1925

r

el

mien nrenrcitenemeeicenenn aro een,

BUSHPOPPY

Dendromecon rigidum Bentham

The profuse bright yellow flowers of bushpoppy give the shrub
a striking appearance. It grows from two to eight feet high, and
blooms almost throughout the year. The leaves are willowlike and
leathery in texture, and the main stems are rich brown in color.

This member of the Poppy Family has a restricted range in south-
ern California and northern lower California.

PLATE 392

392.M Vv W 1925

i : be _
eta et wets en ete ae da

MEXICAN POPPY

Eschscholtzia mexicana Greene

Mexican poppy is a gay member of the Poppy Family, covering
sandy desert mesas with sheets of lovely flowers. It is rather lower in
growth than the California poppy. The finely cut gray-green leaves
make an effective background for the flowers, which open fully in
bright sunshine, but close at night and do not open in cloudy weather.
The buds are enclosed by the sepals which form a tiny cap, which is
pushed aside as the petals unfold. The plant 1s cultivated easily and is
a great favorite with the amateur gardener.

Mexican poppy occuts in arid portions of Arizona, Nevada, Utah,
and northern Mexico.

The sketch was made from specimens growing near Tucson, Ari-
zona.

PLATE 393

393-M Vv wig25

Pie PEN Ts le MON

Pentstemon eatonit Gray

The thrifty clumpsof fire pentstemon growing in perfectionamong
the rocks or pendent from the sides of a canyon wall are strikingly
handsome. They seem to delight in the most inaccessible places, and
thrive in the scantiest pocket of soil, their flexible stems, two to three
feet long, waving in the wind. This plant is one of the showiest
membets of the Figwort Family.

Fire pentstemon has a comparatively narrow range in Arizona,
Utah, and Nevada.

The specimens grew neat Superior, Arizona.

PLATE 394

394.M V W925

CARDINAL MONKEY FLO aia

Mimulus cardinalis Douglas

If fortune favors, and you visit the Grand Canyon at the proper
season of the year, you will find the brilliant cardinal monkeyflower
in full glory at the Indian Gardens. Following down Bright Angel
Trail with its many switchbacks and majestic panoramas of the can-
yon walls, you come to this comparatively level oasis, where a stream
flows from a kindlyspring. Here one can appreciate what water means
to a dry country. Luxuriant trees and flowers hug the borders of the
stream, and the eye can follow its coutse by the green fringe until the
last trickle of water disappears in the ground. The cardinal monkey-
flower, a tepresentative of the Figwort Family, is attractive not only
on account of the brilliant color of the blossoms, but also because of
the lush growth of rich green leaves and stems that form a fitting
background for the flowers.

Its range is from Mexico to western New Mexico and California,
and northward to Oregon.

The plant painted was obtained near the spring mentioned above,
in the Grand Canyon, Arizona.

PLATE 395

395.-M V W1925

nin areas a ecteint nh Sal

f

—

oe a aes

= is
es
4

2 Re ae ee SO ee

OCGOTTELO

Fouquieria splendens Engelmann

In crossing the desert by train over the southern route to Califor-
nia, none of the new and curious plants observed is stranger than the
ocotillo. A number of slender rod-like stems eight or ten feet long
spring from a single root, rigidly spreading outward and upward.
They are dull greenish gray in color, and are armed with strong sharp
thorns half an inch long. When the rains come in spring, the bate
stems show signs of life, small green leaves appearing along them,
while a mass of buds develops on a short stem at the end, spreading
like a fish tail. Soon the buds open and the heavy bunches of flowers
wave slowly back and forth in the desert wind. The Mexicans form
paling fences about their dooryards by planting these stems close to-
gether in the ground and fastening them with wire. They some-
times take root and form a living fence, an effective barrier against
most animals. This curious plant belongs to a small group known as
the Ocotillo Family, which is nearly confined to the dry regions of
Mexico.

Ocotillo has a wide range, from western Texas to southern Cali-
fornia and over northern Mexico.

The specimen painted was obtained near Superior, Arizona.

PLATE 396

Shap)

ne

gO. Mv w 1925

YuCG.

Yucca baileyi Wooton and Standley

The genus Yucca belongs to the Lily Family and contains many
species native in North and Central America. The roots, when rubbed
in water, give a thick suds, and they are often used as a substitute for
soap in washing clothes, especially by the native people of the South-
west. The Amole, as the root is called by the Mexicans, is very efh-
cacious in cleaning fabrics, or when used in bathing or as a shampoo,
leaving the skin smooth and the hair soft and glossy. The names soap-
toot and Spanish dagger or Spanish bayonet are applied to the yuc-
cas in the United States.

When driving in June from Gallup, New Mexico, to Zuii, I found
this beautiful yucca coming into bloom in many places along the edge
of the spatse pinyon or nut pine forests. The sturdy spikes of large,
pale green flowers, tinged on the sepals with purple, grew from two
to three feet in height. They rose from a bristling clump of relatively
short, natrow, sharp-pointed green leaves, furnished along their bot-
dets with stiff, coarse, threadlike fibers.

This yucca, which was named for Vernon Bailey, of the U.S. Bio-
logical Survey, has a narrow range in northwestern New Mexico and
northeastern Arizona.

PLATE 397

, Mov W 1925

SCARLET GLOBE-MALLOW

Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (Hooker and Arnott) Rydberg

Scarlet globe-mallow is one of the showy plants of the Arizona
mesas and river valleys, where often it grows in great abundance.
The flowers commonly are scarlet, but they are equally handsome
when of a paler hue. They are produced in spikelike panicles on the
upper part of stems so weak that they bend gracefully before the
wind. By the Mexicans the plant is called malojo,“eye-bane,” because
the small, branched, starlike hairs on the leaves and stems adhete to
the fingers in handling, and if brushed into the eyes, cause irritation
and pain.

This brilliant member of the Mallow Family is very common in
Arizona, and ranges northward to Idaho and Wyoming.

The specimen sketched was gathered near the Desert Laboratory
of the Carnegie Institution at Tucson, Arizona.

PLATE 398

398. M V w1g25

7

OUMLALEAP IILLAN DSTA

Tillandsia fasciculata Swattz

In motoring from lower Virginia southward, the ever increasing
abundance of epiphytic plants is striking. In southern Virginia, Spanish
moss frequently drapes the trees, especially the bald cypress. Farther
down the coast other species of the Pineapple Family make their ap-
pearance, and in Florida a number of different kinds are native. In some
of the hammocks there, all the branches of the trees and even the bark
of the trunk, serve for the attachment of bromeliads, orchids,and ferns,
and the epiphytic plants are represented by many different species. In
such a hammock a short distance north of West Palm Beach, Florida,
the specimen here illustrated was obtained.

The tillandsia usually dies after flowering, but its minute seeds,
with their tufts of silky hairs, are scattered by the winds. The leaves
of these plants are dilated at the base, thus forming a series of pockets
which catch and hold water. Vegetable debris, as well as atmospheric
dust, falls into the water and the plant absorbs the products of its de-
cay, thus obtaining much of its nourishment.

Quill-leaf tillandsia ranges from southern Florida south through
the West Indies, and is widely distributed in other parts of tropical
America.

PLATE 399

399-M V W 1925

Cae siey Wabi ie PAN T:

Sarracenia cateshaez Elliott

This pitcherplant was discovered by Mark Catesby, who explored
the Carolinas in 1722, and was later named in his honor by Stephen
Elliott, in his “Sketch of the Botany of South-Carolina and Georgia.”
There is a difference of opinion among present-day botanists as to its
status, some agreeing with Elliott that it is a distinct species, while
others hold it to be a hybrid between Sarracenia flava and S. purpurea.
It does combine the characters of the two presumptive parents in a
striking way,—in the shape and position of the leaves, in the size of
the flower parts, and especially in the petal color, which exhibits an
attractive mingling of the yellow of the one species with the maroon
of the other.

Catesby pitcherplant is reported to occur from Florida to North
Carolina, although always tare and local. The specimen painted was
grown in the Department of Agriculture greenhouses by Dr. Fred-
erick V.Coville, the root having been collected by Dr. Edgar T’ Wherry
in a swamp neat Quincy, Florida, in 1925. Dr.Wherry states that this
plant grew in association with the two species of which it is supposed
to be a cross, but that the adult clump was surrounded by seedlings
in such a manner as to indicate that it 1s capable of reproducing itself,
and is, accordingly, on the way to becoming an independent species.

PLATE 400

400.M V W 1925

fate on te omc anan mai tene lara separ lana meme

SN Bea.

Tees lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall, plate 18,
volume 1

Acer carolinianum Walter, plate 138, volume 11

Acer rubrum Linnaeus, plate 137, volume 11

Achillea lanulosa Nuttall, plate 151, volume 11

Actaea arguta Nuttall, plate 73, volume 1

Aesculus pavia Linnaeus, plate 47, volume 1

Agoseris gracilens (Gray) Kuntze, plate 89, volume 1

Agoseris graminifolia Greene, plate 88, volume 11

Agoseris, Grassleaf, plate 88, volume 11

Agoseris, Slender, plate 89, volume 1

Agoseris villosa Rydberg, plate 195, volume 111

Agoseris, Woolly, plate 195, volume 111

Alaska Fleabane, plate 290, volume iv

Alberta Paintbrush, plate 372, volume v

Alberta Primrose, plate 274, volume 1v

Alder, Hazel, plate 16, volume 1

Alder, Western Green, plate 186, volume 111

Aleutian Fleabane, plate 376, volume v

Allium cernuum Roth, plate 304, volume iv

Allium sibericum Linnaeus, plate 383, volume v

Alnus rugosa (Du Rot) Sprengel, plate 16, volume 1

Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, plate 186,
volume 111

Alpine Fernleaf, plate 121, volume 11

Alpine Fir, plate 18, volume 1

Alpine Forget-me-not, plate 352, volume v

Alpine Harebell, plate 368, volume v

Alpine Milkvetch, plate 295, volume 1v

Alpine Monkeyflower, plate 375, volume v

Alpine Pointvetch, flower), plate 282, volume 1v

Alpine Pointvetch, (fruit), plate 283, volume iv

Amelanchier alnifolia Nuttall, plate 117, volume 11

American Columbine, plate 141, volume 1

American Holly, plate 266, volume rv

American Mistletoe, plate 265, volume iv

American Pasqueflower, (flower), plate 95,
volume 11

American Pasqueflower, fruit), plate 96,
volume 11

American Twinflower, plate 196, volume m1

American Vetch, plate 190, volume m1

American Waterlily, plate 223, volume m1

American Wistaria, plate 149, volume 1
Anaphalis margaritacea Linnaeus) Gray, plate 289,
volume iv
Androsace carinata Torrey, plate 107, volume 11
Androsace, Pygmy, plate 185, volume 11
Androsace subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small,
plate 185, volume 11
Androsace, Sweet, plate 107, volume 11
Anemone deltoidea Hooker, plate 306, volume rv
Anemone, Forest, plate 306, volume Iv
Anemone, Globe, plate 291, volume rv
Anemone globosa Nuttall, plate 291, volume iv
Anemone, Northern, plate 371, volume v
Anemone parviflora Michaux, plate 371, volume v
Anemone, Plume, Clower), plate 163, volume 111
Anemone, Plume, (fruit), plate 164, volume m1
Anemonella, plate 14, volume 1
Anisostichus capreolatus (Linnaeus) Bureau,
plate 261, volume iv
Antennaria howellii Greene, plate 104, volume 11
Antennaria luzuloides Torrey and Gray, plate 171,
volume 111
Antennaria rosea (Eaton) Greene, plate 286,
volume Iv
Apple, May-, plate 143, volume 1
Aquilegia brevistyla Hooker, plate 292, volume iv
Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus, plate 141, volume 11
Aquilesia flavescens Watson, plate 201, volume m1
Arborvitae, Giant, plate 187, volume 11
Arbutus, Trailing, plate 126, volume nu
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Linnaeus) Sprengel,
(flower), plate 111, volume 1
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel, (fruit),
plate 112, volume 1
Arctous alpina (Linnaeus) Niedenzu, plate 355,
volume v
Arethusa, plate 57, volume 1
Arethusa bulbosa Linnaeus, plate 57, volume 1
Arisaema dracontium (Linnaeus) Schott, plate 22,
volume 1
Arisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus) Torrey, plate 331,
volume v
Arnica, Lake Louise, plate 10, volume 1

Arnica louiseana Farr, plate 10, volume 1

Arnica tomentosa Macoun, plate 348, volume v

Arnica, Woolly, plate 348, volume v

Aronia arbutifolia (Linnaeus filius) Elliott,
(flower), plate 31, volume 1

Aronia arbutifolia Linnaeus filius) Elliott, (fruit),
plate 31a, volume 1

Atrowhead, Arum, plate 158, volume m

Arrowleaf Groundsel, plate 385, volume v

Artemisia discolor Douglas, plate 288, volume 1v

Arum Arrowhead, plate 158, volume m

Asarum canadense Linnaeus, plate 127, volume 11

Asclepias speciosa Tortey, plate 90, volume 1

Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus, plate 36, volume 1

Asimina triloba (Linnaeus) Dunal, plate 328,
volume v

Aster campestris Nuttall, plate 118, volume 1

Aster, Pineland, plate 160, volume 1

Aster, Prairie, plate 118, volume 11

Aster squarrosus Walter, plate 160, volume 1

Astragalus alpinus Linnaeus, plate 295, volume 1v

Astragalus bourgovit Gray, plate 21, volume 1

Atamasco-lily, plate 255, volume 1v

Atamosco atamasco (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 255,
volume Iv

Avalanche Buttercup, plate 114, volume 11

Avalanche-lily, plate 202, volume 111

Azalea arborescens Pursh, plate 55, volume 1

Azalea, Flame, plate 43, volume 1

Azalea lutea Linnaeus, plate 43, volume 1

Azalea nudiflora Linnaeus, plate 128, volume 11

Azalea, Pinkshell, plate 253, volume 1v

Azalea rosea Loiseleur, plate 232, volume 11

Azalea, Sweet, plate 55, volume 1

Azalea vaseyi (Gray) Rehder, plate253, volume iv

Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 69,
volume 1

Balsamroot, plate 69, volume 1

Baneberry, Ivory, plate 73, volume 1

Bearberry, (flower), plate 111, volume 1

Bearberry, (fruit), plate 112, volume 11

Bearberry Honeysuckle, plate 60, volume 1

Bearcabbage, Green, plate 174, volume 111

Beargrass, plate 302, volume Iv

Beautyberry, plate 210, volume 11
Bedstraw, Northern, plate 63, volume 1
Beebalm, Spotted, plate 233, volume 11
Befaria racemosa Ventenat, plate 17, volume 1
Berberis repens Lindley, plate 30, volume 1
Betony, Wood: see Red Helmet
Bignonia radicans Linnaeus, plate 227, volume 11
Big Whortleberry, plate 7, volume 1
Bikukulla canadensis (Goldie) Millspaugh,
plate 136, volume 11
Bikukulla cucullaria Linnaeus) Millspaugh,
plate 247, volume 1v
Birdsfoot Violet, plate 39, volume 1
Blackberry, Highbush, plate 146, volume 1
Bladderpod, Double, Clower), plate 167,
volume 111
Bladderpod, Double, (fruit), plate 168, volume m1
Bloodroot, plate 123, volume 1
Bluebead, plate 338, volume v
Bluebells, Virginia, plate 20, volume 1
Bluebells, Western, plate 173, volume 11
Blueberry, Highbush, plate 228, volume m1
Blueberry, Pineland, plate 230, volume 111
Blue-eyed-grass, plate 238, volume m1
Blue-eyed-mary, plate 246, volume rv
Blueflag Iris, plate 332, volume v
Bluegreen Gentian, plate 108, volume 1
Blue Phlox, plate 245, volume 1v
Bogbean, plate 225, volume 111
Bog Kalmia, plate 133, volume 11
Bog-orchid, One-leaf, plate 76, volume 1
Bottle Gentian, plate 161, volume 11
Bourgeau Rose, (flower), plate 344, volume v
Bourgeau Rose, (fruit), plate 345, volume v
Bowmanstoot, plate 252, volume iv
Box Huckleberry, plate 229, volume 111
Bronzebells, plate 64, volume 1
Brook Lobelia, plate 192, volume m1
Buckeye, Red, plate 47, volume 1
Buffaloberry, Canada, plate 115, volume 11
Buff Monkeyflower, plate 200, volume 111
Buff Pussytoes, plate 171, volume 111
Bunchberry, (flower), plate 271, volume 1v
Bunchberry, (fruit), plate 272, volume 1v
Bur-forget-me-not, plate 351, volume v

Burgess Milkvetch, plate 21, volume 1
Bush Cinquefoil, plate 77, volume 1
Bushpoppy, plate 392, volume v

Butterbur, Northern, plate 189, volume 11
Buttercup, Avalanche, plate 114, volume 11
Butterflyweed, plate 36, volume 1
Butterwort, Northern, plate 198, volume 111
Butterwort, Purple, plate 235, volume 111

aces Green Strawberry-, plate 308, volume 1v
Cactus, Lloyds Strawberry-, plate 155, volume 1
California Pitcherplant, plate 390, volume v
Calla palustris Linnaeus, plate 129, volume 11
Calla, Wild, plate 129, volume 11
Callicarpa americanaLinnaeus, platez10, volume 11
Calochortus catalinae Watson, plate 205, volume 111
Calochortus clavatus Watson, plate 314, volume 1v
Calochortus elegans Lindley, plate 2, volume 1
Calochortus kennedyi Porter, plate 391, volume v
Calochortus macrocarpus Douglas, plate 175,
volume 111
Calochortus splendens Douglas, plate 310, volume tv
Calochortus weediz Wood, plate 199, volume 11
Caltha leptosepala De Candolle, plate 287,
volume rv
Caltha palustris Linnaeus, plate 208, volume mtr
Calypso, plate 105, volume 11
Camas, plate 358, volume v
Campanula lasiocarpa Chamisso, plate 368,
volume v
Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus, plate 369,
volume v
Campion, Moss, plate 367, volume v
Campion, Nodding, plate 279, volume 1v
Canada Buffaloberry, plate 115, volume 1
Canada Lily, plate 148, volume 1
Canada Violet, plate 347, volume v
Canada Wildginger, plate 127, volume 11
Capnoides sempervirens (Linnaeus) Borkhausen,
plate 5, volume 1
Cardinalflower, plate 263, volume 1v
Cardinal Monkeyflower, plate 395, volume v
Carex aurea Nuttall, plate 281, volume 1v
Carolina Jessamine, plate 220, volume 111
Carolina Maple, plate 138, volume 1

Cassiope mertensiana (Bongard) Don, plate 75,
volume 1

Cassiope, Rocky Mountain, plate 75, volume 1

Castalia odorata (Dryander) Woodville & Wood,
plate 223, volume 11

Castilleja lancifolia Rydberg, plate 102, volume 11

Castilleja miniata Bentham, plate 372, volume v

Castilleja pallida (Linnaeus) Kunth, plate 48,
volume 1

Catalina Mariposa, plate 205, volume 11

Catesby Pitcherplant, plate 400, volume v

Centaurium, Pink, plate 303, volume 1v

Centaurium venustum (Gtay) Robinson, plate 303,
volume iv

Cercis canadensis Linnaeus, plate 26, volume 1

Chelone glabra Linnaeus, plate 259, volume rv

Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Aschetson,
plate 349, volume v

Chickasaw Plum, plate 130, volume 1

Chimaphila umbellata vat. occidentalis (Rydberg)
Blake, plate 360, volume v

Chionanthus virginica Linnaeus, plate 140, volume 11

Chokeberry, Red, Glower), plate 31, volume 1

Chokeberry, Red, Cfruit), plate 31a, volume 1

Chrosperma muscactoxicum (Walter) Kuntze,
plate 147, volume 1

Chrysamphora californica (Torrey) Greene,
plate 390, volume v

Chrysogonum virginianum Linnaeus, plate 145,
volume 11

Cinquefoil, Bush, plate 77, volume 1

Cinquefoil, Rosette, plate 182, volume 11

Cirsium hookerianum Nuttall, plate 103, volume 11

Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprengel, plate 309,
volume Iv

Clasping Twistedstalk, plate 84, volume 11

Claytonia parvifolia Mocifio, plate 94, volume 11

Claytonia virginica Linnaeus, plate 234, volume 111

Clematis, Columbia, lower), plate 99, volume 11

Clematis, Columbia, Cfruit), plate 100, volume 11

Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray,
Clower), plate 99, volume 11

Clematis columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray,
(fruit), plate 100, volume 11

Clematis crispa Linnaeus, plate 150, volume 11

Clematis, Curly, plate 150, volume 1

Clematis viorna Linnaeus, plate 41, volume 1

Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque, plate 338,
volume v

Clintonia uniflora (Menzies) Kunth, (flower),
plate 203, volume 11

Clintonia uniflora (Menzies) Kunth, (fruit),
plate 204, volume m1

Clover, Owl-, plate 119, volume 1

Clusterlily, plate 389, volume v

Collinsia verna Nuttall, plate 246, volume rv

Columbia Clematis, (flower), plate 99, volume 11

Columbia Clematis, (fruit), plate 100, volume 11

Columbia Lily, plate 316, volume rv

Columbine, American, plate 141, volume 11

Columbine, Lemon, plate 201, volume m1

Columbine, Shortspur, plate 292, volume Iv

Comandra livida Richardson, plate 361, volume v

Comandra, Red, plate 361, volume v

Conopholis americana (Linnaeus filius) Wallroth,
plate 214, volume 11

Cornus canadensis Linnaeus, (flower), plate 271,
volume Iv

Cornus canadensis Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 272,
volume Iv

Cornus florida Linnaeus, (flower), plate 321,
volume v

Cornus florida Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 322,
volume v

Cornus stolonifera Michaux, plate 38, volume 1

Cottongrass, plate 12, volume 1

Cottongrass, Tassel, plate 312, volume 1v

Crab, Wild Sweet, plate 51, volume 1

Cracca virginiana Linnaeus, plate 44, volume 1

Cranberrybush, plate 317, volume 1v

Cranberry, Mountain, (flower), plate 193,
volume 11

Cranberry, Mountain, fruit), plate194, volume 111

Cranberry, Small, plate 180, volume 111

Cranesbill, Western, plate 307, volume 1v

Creeping Hollygrape, plate 30, volume 1

Creeping Juniper, plate 379, volume v

Crested Iris, plate 33, volume 1

Crossvine, plate 261, volume iv

Crowberry, plate 382, volume v

Crowpoison, plate 147, volume 1

Cucumberttree, plate 231, volume m1

Cucumbertree, Yellow, plate 330, volume v

Curly Clematis, plate 150, volume 1

Currant, Prickly, lower), plate 66, volume 1

Currant, Prickly, (fruit), plate 67, volume 1

Cut Toothwort, plate 249, volume 1v

Cypripedium acaule Aiton, plate 58, volume 1, and
plate 327, volume v

Cypripedium arietinum Robert Brown, plate 216,
volume m1

Cypripedium montanum Douglas, plate 1, volume 1

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury, plate 92,
volume 1

Cypripedium passerinum Richardson, plate 91,
volume 11

Cypripedium reginae Walter, plate 217, volume 11

Cyrtopodium punctatum (Linnaeus) Lindley,
plate 212, volume 11

Cyrtopodium, Spotted, plate 212, volume 11

Cytherea bulbosa (Linnaeus) House, plate ros,
volume 1

Dawnrose, White, plate 387, volume v
Deathcamas, plate 116, volume 11
Deerberry, plate 132, volume 1
Delphinium depauperatum Nuttall, plate 384,
volume v
Delphinium elongatum Rydberg, plate 27, volume 1
Dendromecon rigidum Bentham, plate 392, volume v
Dentaria laciniata Muhlenberg, plate 249,
volume iv
Devilsclub, plate 32, volume 1
Dewberry, Red, plate 293, volume 1v
Dionaea muscipula Ellis, plate 219, volume 111
Diplacus longiflorus Nuttall, plate 200, volume mr
Diplacus puniceus Nuttall, plate 315, volume 1v
Dodecatheon meadia Linnaeus, plate 49, volume 1
Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand) Greene,
plate 276, volume iv
Dogwood, Flowering, flower), plate 321,
volume v
Dogwood, Flowering, (fruit), plate 322,
volume v
Dogwood, Red-osier, plate 38, volume 1

Double Bladderpod, lower), plate 167, volume1

Double Bladderpod, (fruit), plate 168, volume 11

Douglas-fir, plate 270, volume iv

Douglas Honeysuckle, Cflower), plate 81,
volume 11

Douglas Honeysuckle, (fruit), plate 82, volume 1

Downy Pinxterbloom, plate 232, volume 11

Drummond Pitcherplant, plate 329, volume v

Drummond Willow, plate 380, volume v

Dryad, White, (lower), plate 176, volume 1

Dryad, White, (fruit), plate 177, volume 111

Dryad, Yellow, Clower), plate 364, volume v

Dryad, Yellow, (fruit), plate 365, volume v

Dryas drummondii Richardson, flower), plate 3,64,
volume v

Dryas drummondii Richardson, (fruit), plate 365,
volume v

Dryas octopetala Linnaeus, Cflower), plate 176,
volume 11

Dryas octopetala Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 177,
volume 111 ‘

Dutchman’s-breeches, plate 247, volume tv

IBlaktapane Hoydii Britton and Rose, plate 155,
volume 11

Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelmann, plate 308,
volume tv

Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Decaisne and
Planchon, plate 32, volume 1

Elaeagnus commutata Bernhardi, flower), plate7o,
volume 1

Elaeagnus commutata Bernhardi, fruit), plate 71,
volume 1

Elder, Scarlet, plate 260, volume rv

Elephanthead, plate 373, volume v

Elkslip, plate 287, volume iv

Empetrum nigrum Linnaeus, plate 382, volume v

Engelmann Spruce, plate 378, volume v

Epidendrum nocturnum Jaquin, plate 337, volume v

Epidendrum, Tampa, plate 152, volume 11

Epidendrum tampense Lindley, plate 152, volume 1

Epidendrum, White, plate 337, volume v

Epigaea repens Linnaeus, plate 126, volume 11

Epilobium angustifolium Linnaeus, plate 301,

~ volume tv

Epilobium latifolium Linnaeus, plate 370, volume v
Epilobium lutem Pursh, plate 300, volume rv
Erigeron aureus Greene, plate 280, volume tv _
Erigeron caespitosus Nuttall, plate 61, volume 1
Erigeron salsuginosus (Richatdson) Gray, plate 290,
volume rv
Erigeron spectosus De Candolle, plate 165,
volume 111
Erigeron unalaschensis (De Candolle) Rydberg,
plate 376, volume v
Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, plate 312,
volume iv
Eriophorum chamissonis Meyer, plate 12, volume 1
Eritrichum elongatum (Rydberg) W. F. Wight,
plate 359, volume v
Erythronium albidum Nuttall, plate 15, volume 1
Erythronium americanum Ker, plate 339, volume v
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, plate 68, volume 1
Erythronium montanum Watson, plate 202,
volume 111
Eschscholtzia mexicana Greene, plate 393, volume v
Evening-primrose, plate 388, volume v
Everlasting, Pearl, plate 289, volume 1v

F alse Locoweed, plate 3, volume 1

Fernleaf, Alpine, plate 121, volume u

Field Violet, plate 211, volume 11

Fir, Alpine, plate 18, volume 1

Fir, Douglas-, plate 270, volume 1v

Fire Pentstemon, plate 394, volume v

Fireweed, plate 301, volume 1v

Fivefinger, Grayleaf, plate 296, volume 1v

Flame Azalea, plate 43, volume 1

Fleabane, Alaska, plate 290, volume rv

Fleabane, Aleutian, plate 376, volume v

Fleabane, Golden, plate 280, volume rv

Fleabane, Meadow, plate 165, volume 11

Fleabane, Pink, plate 61, volume 1

Flowering Dogwood, Clower), plate 321,
volume v

Flowering Dogwood, (fruit), plate 322, volume v

Flytrap, Venus, plate 219, volume m1

Forest Anemone, plate 306, volume tv

Forget-me-not, Alpine, plate 352, volume v

Forget-me-not, Moss, plate 359, volume v

Fouquieria splendens Engelmann, plate 396,
volume v

Foxglove Pentstemon, plate 209, volume 111

Fragaria glauca (Watson) Rydberg, plate 362,
volume v |

Franklinia, plate 244, volume 1v

Franklinia alatamaha Marshall, plate 244,
volume Iv

Fremontia, Mexican, plate 206, volume m1

Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson, plate 206,
volume 111

Fringed Gentian, plate 336, volume v

Fringed Parnassia, plate 343, volume v

Fringed Polygala, plate 135, volume 1

Fringe-orchid, Large Purple, plate 243, volume 1v

Fringe-orchid, Ragged, plate 215, volume 11

Fringeorchid, Yellow, plate 340, volume v

Fringetree, plate 140, volume 11

Fumeroot, Pink, plate 5, volume 1

Gaillardia avistata Purtsh, plate 354, volume v

Gaillardia, Perennial, plate 354, volume v

Galium boreale Linnaeus, plate 63, volume 1

Gaylussacia brachycera (Michaux) Gray, plate 229,
volume 111

Gelsemium sempervirens (Linnaeus) Persoon,
plate 220, volume m1

Gentian, Bluegreen, plate 108, volume 11

Gentian, Bottle, plate 161, volume m1

Gentian, Fringed, plate 336, volume v

Gentian, Ladder, plate 294, volume rv

Gentian, Moss, plate 178, volume 11

Gentian, Pinebarren, plate 8, volume 1

Gentian, Riverbank, plate 87, volume 1

Gentian, Ruff, plate 318, volume rv

Gentiana acuta Michaux, plate 294, volume 1v

Gentiana affinis Grisebach, plate 87, volume 11

Gentiana calycosa Grisebach, plate 318, volume iv

Gentiana crinita Froelich, plate 336, volume v

Gentiana glauca Pallas, plate 108, volume 11

Gentiana porphyrio Gmelin, plate 8, volume 1

Gentiana prostrata Haenke, plate 178, volume 11

Gentiana saponaria Linnaeus, plate 161, volume 11

Geranium, viscosissimum Fischer and Meyer,
plate 307, volume tv

Ghostpipe, plate 156, volume 1

Giant Arborvitae, plate 187, volume 11

Giant Trillium, plate 299, volume iv

Glacierlily, plate 68, volume 1

Globe Anemone, plate 291, volume 1v

Globeflower, White, plate 353, volume v

Globemallow, Orange-eye, plate 311, volume rv

Globe-mallow, Scarlet, plate 398, volume v

Goldenbowl Mariposa, plate 314, volume Iv

Goldenclub, plate 222, volume m1

Golden Fleabane, plate 280, volume 1v

Goldenpea, plate 297, volume 1v

Goldenrod, Sidesaddle, plate 183, volume 11

Golden Sedge, plate 281, volume rv

Goldenstar, plate 145, volume 1

Grassleaf Agoseris, plate 88, volume 11

Grass-pink Orchid, plate 131, volume 1

Grayleaf Fivefinger, plate 296, volume 1v

Gray Phacelia, plate 278, volume 1v

Gray Pussytoes, plate 104, volume 11

Green Bearcabbage, plate 174, volume 11

Greendragon, plate 22, volume 1

Green Pyrola, plate 113, volume 1

Green Strawberry-cactus, plate 308, volume iv

Groundsel, Arrowleaf, plate 385, volume v

Groundsel, Mourning, plate 275, volume iv

Groundsel, Rayless, plate 93, volume 11

Grouse Whortleberry, flower), plate 169,
volume 11

Grouse Whortleberry, (fruit), plate170, volume m1

Habenaria ciliaris (Linnaeus) Robert Brown,
plate 340, volume v

Habenaria grandiflora Bigelow) Torrey, plate 243,
volume tv

Habenaria lacera (Michaux) Loddiges, plate 215,
volume 111

Habenaria obtusata (Putsh) Richardson, plate 76,
volume 1

Hamamelis virginiana Linnaeus, plate 323, volume v

Harebell, plate 369, volume v

Harebell, Alpine, plate 368, volume v

Hazel Alder, plate 16, volume 1

Hedysarum mackenzii Richardson, plate 97,
volume 11

Heliotrope Valerian, plate 366, volume v

Hemlock, Mountain, plate 267, volume iv

Hemlock, Western, plate 268, volume tv

Hepatica, plate 125, volume 1

Hepatica americana Ker, plate 125, volume 1

Highbush Blackberry, plate 146, volume 11

Highbush Blueberry, plate 228, volume 11

Holly, American, plate 266, volume 1v

Hollygrape, Creeping, plate 30, volume 1

Honeysuckle, Bearberry, plate 60, volume 1

Honeysuckle, Douglas, (lower), plate 81,
volume 11

Honeysuckle, Douglas, (fruit), plate 82,
volume 11

Honeysuckle, Trumpet, plate 46, volume 1

Hooded Ladies-tresses, plate 356, volume v

Hooded Pitcherplant, plate 251, volume tv

Hookera pauciflora (Torrey) Tidestrom, plate 389,
volume v

Houstonia caerulea Linnaeus, plate 59, volume 1

Huckleberry, Box, plate 229, volume 11

Hymenocallis rotata (Ker) Herbert, plate 154,
volume 11

Hypopitys americana (De Candolle) Small,
plate 157, volume 11

Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michaux) Nuttall,
plate 213, volume 11

ley cernuum (Linnaeus) House, plate 4,
volume 1

Ibidium gracile Bigelow) House, plate 4, volume

Tbidium strictum (Rydberg) House, plate 356,
volume v

Ilex opaca Aiton, plate 266, volume 1v

Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) Gray, plate 54,
volume 1

Ilex: vomitoria Aiton, plate 226, volume 11

Indianpipe, plate 262, volume iv

Iris, Blueflag, plate 332, volume v

Iris, Crested, plate 33, volume 1

Tris cristata Aiton, plate 33, volume 1

Tris verna Linnaeus, plate 13, volume 1

Iris, Vernal, plate 13, volume 1

Tris versicolor Linnaeus, plate 332, volume v

Ivory Baneberry, plate 73, volume 1

J ack-in-the-pulpit, plate 331, volume v

Jeffersonia diphylla (Linnaeus) Persoon, plate 72,
volume 1

Jessamine, Carolina, plate 220, volume 111

Juniper, Creeping, plate 379, volume v

Juniper, Mountain, plate 86, volume 11

Juniperus horizontalis Moench, plate 379, volume v

Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf, plate 86, volume 11

Kats angustifolia Linnaeus, plate 32.6, volume v

Kalmia, Bog, plate 133, volume 11

Kalmia latifolia Linnaeus, plate 221, volume 111

Kalmia microphylla (Hooker) Heller, plate 284,
volume Iv

Kalmia polifolia Wangenheim, plate 133, volume 11

Kalmia, Rocky Mountain, plate 284, volume 1v

Kraunhia frutescens (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 149,
volume 1

Kruhsea, lower), plate 56, volume 1

Kruhsea, (fruit), plate 56a, volume 1

Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledebour) Kearney,
Cflower), plate 56, volume 1

Krubsea streptopoides (Ledebour) Kearney, (fruit),
plate 56a, volume 1

iDabenloricn, plate 62, volume 1

Ladder Gentian, plate 294, volume 1v

Ladies-tresses, Hooded, plate 356, volume v

Ladies-tresses, Nodding, plate 4, volume 1

Ladies-tresses, Slender, plate 4, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Mountain, plate 1, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Northern, plate 91, volume 11

Ladyslipper, Pale, plate 58, volume 1

Ladyslipper, Pink, plate 327, volume v

Ladyslipper, Ramshead, plate 216, volume su

Ladyslipper, Showy, plate 217, volume m1

Ladyslipper, Small Yellow, plate 92, volume 11

Lake Louise Arnica, plate 10, volume 1

Lambkill, plate 326, volume v

Lanceleaf Paintbrush, plate 102, volume m

Lappula diffusa (Lehmann) Greene, plate 351,
volume v

Larch, Lyall, plate 381, volume v

Larch, Western, plate 269, volume 1v

Large Purple Fringe-orchid, plate 243, volume rv

Larix lyallii Parlatore, plate 381, volume v
Larix occidentalis Nuttall, plate 269, volume 1v
Larkspur, Slim, plate 384, volume v
Larkspur, Tall, plate 27, volume 1
Lathyrus ochroleucus Hooker, plate 85, volume 1
Laurel, Mountain-, plate 221, volume 111
Leatherflower, plate 41, volume 1
Ledum groenlandicum Oedet, plate 62, volume 1
Lemon Columbine, plate 201, volume 111
Lepargyrea canadensis (Linnaeus) Greene, plate 115,
volume 11
Lewis Monkeyflower, plate 374, volume v
Lilac Mariposa, plate 310, volume rv
Lilium canadense Linnaeus, plate 148, volume 11
Lilium columbianum Hanson, plate 316, volume 1v
Lilium montanum Nelson, plate 11, volume 1
Lilium superbum Linnaeus, plate 256, volume Iv
Lily, Atamasco-, plate 255, volume rv
Lily, Avalanche, plate 202, volume 111
Lily, Canada, plate 148, volume 1
Lily, Columbia, plate 316, volume rv
Lily, Cluster-, plate 389, volume 1v
Lily, Glacier, plate 68, volume 1
Lily, Red, plate 11, volume 1
Lily, Spider-, plate 154, volume 11
Lily, Turkscap, plate 256, volume 1v
Lily Twayblade, plate 34, volume 1
Limber Pine, plate 188, volume 111
Limodorum tuberosum Linnaeus, plate 131,
volume 11
Linnaea borealis americana (Forbes) Rehder,
plate 196, volume m1
Liparis liliifolia (Linnaeus) Richard, plate 34,
volume 1
Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus, plate 45, volume1
Lloyds Strawberry-cactus, plate 155, volume 11
Lobelia, Brook, plate 192, volume m1
Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus, plate 263, volume 1v
Lobelia kalmii Linnaeus, plate 192, volume m1
Loblolly Pine, plate 335, volume v
Locoweed, False, plate 3, volume 1
Lodgepole Pine, plate 101, volume 1
Longleaf Pine, plate 139, volume 1
Lonicera glaucescens Rydberg, flower), plate 81,
volume 11

Lonicera glaucescens Rydberg, (fruit), plate 82,
volume 11

Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks, plate 60,
volume 1

Lonicera sempervirens Linnaeus, plate 46,
volume 1

Low Whortleberry, plate 179, volume 11

Lupine, Sun-dial, plate 6, volume 1

Lupinus perennis Linnaeus, plate 6, volume 1

Lyall Larch, plate 381, volume v

Lychnis apetala Linnaeus, plate 279, volume iv

Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) Don, plate 9, volume 1

Magnolia acuminata Linnaeus, plate 231,
volume m1

Magnolia cordata Michaux, plate 330, volume v

Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, flower), plate 24,
volume 1

Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, (fruit), plate 24a,
volume 1

Magnolia, Southern, (flower), plate 24, volume 1

Magnolia, Southern, (fruit), plate 24a, volume 1

Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus, plate 325, volume v

Malus coronaria (Linnaeus) Miller, plate 51,
volume 1

Maple, Carolina, plate 138, volume 1

Maple, Red, plate 137, volume 1

Mariposa, Catalina, plate 205, volume m1

Mariposa, Goldenbowl, plate 314, volume rv

Mariposa, Lilac, plate 310, volume 1v

Mariposa, Sagebrush, plate 175, volume m1

Mariposa, San Diego, plate 199, volume 11

Mariposa, Scarlet, plate 391, volume v

Marshmarigold, plate 208, volume 111

Mayapple, plate 143, volume 1

Maypop, plate 324, volume v

Meadow Fleabane, plate 165, volume 111

Menyanthes trifoliata Linnaeus, plate 225,

volume 11
Menziesia glabella Gray, plate 298, volume iv
Menziesia, Western, plate 298, volume rv
Menzies Pentstemon, plate 319, volume rv
Merrybells, Wood, plate 144, volume 11
Mertensia paniculata (Aiton) Don, plate 173,
volume 111

Mertensia virginica (Linnaeus) De Candolle,
plate 20, volume 1
Mexican Fremontia, plate 206, volume 111
Mexican Poppy, plate 393, volume v
Milkvetch, Alpine, plate 295, volume tv
Milkvetch, Burgess, plate 21, volume 1
Milkweed, Showy, plate 90, volume 11
Mimulus caespitosus Greene, plate 375, volume v
Mimulus cardinalis Douglas, plate 395, volume v
Mimulus guttatus Don, plate 313, volume 1v
Mimulus lewisii Pursh, plate 374, volume v
Missouri Pricklypear, plate 35, volume 1
Mistletoe, American, plate 265, volume 1v
Mistmaiden, plate 98, volume 11
Mitchella repens Linnaeus, plate 207, volume 111
Monarda punctata Linnaeus, plate 233, volume 111
Moneses uniflora Linnaeus) Gray, plate 273,
volume rv
Monkeyflower, Alpine, plate 375, volume v
Monkeyflower, Buff, plate 200, volume 111
Monkeyflower, Cardinal, plate 395, volume v
Monkeyflower, Lewis, plate 374, volume v
Monkeyflower, Red, plate 315, volume 1v
Monkeyflower, Western, plate 313, volume 1v
Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus, plate 262, volume rv
Moss Campion, plate 367, volume v
Moss Forget-me-not, plate 359, volume v
Moss Gentian, plate 178, volume 1
Mountain-ash, Western, plate 162, volume 11
Mountain Cranberry, lower), plate 193,
volume 11
Mountain Cranberry, fruit), plate 194,
volume 11
Mountainheather, Pink, plate 74, volume 1
Mountain Hemlock, plate 267, volume 1v
Mountain Juniper, plate 86, volume 1
Mountain Ladyslipper, plate 1, volume 1
Mountain-laurel, plate 221, volume 11
Mourning Groundsel, plate 275, volume 1v
Myosotis alpestris Schmidt, plate 352, volume v

Naiad Springbeauty, plate 94, volume 1
Nodding Campion, plate 279, volume 1v
Nodding Ladies-tresses, plate 4, volume 1
Nodding Onion, plate 304, volume 1v

Northern Anemone, plate 371, volume v
Northern Bedstraw, plate 63, volume 1
Northern Butterbur, plate 189, volume ur
Northern Butterwort, plate 198, volume 111
Northern Ladyslipper, plate 91, volume 1

Nymphaea advena Solander, plate 159, volume 11

Qesneecbells. plate 19, volume 1

Ocotillo, plate 396, volume v

One-leaf Bog-orchid, plate 76, volume 1

Onion, Nodding, plate 304, volume 1v

Onion, Siberian, plate 383, volume v

Ophrys nephrophylla Rydberg, plate 109, volume 11

Opuntia polyacantha Haworth, plate 35, volume 1

Orange-eye Globemallow, plate 311, volume rv

Orange Polygala, plate 257, volume iv

Orchid, Grass-pink, plate 131, volume m

Orchid, Rosebud, plate 242, volume 1v

Orchis rotundifolia Pursh, plate 65, volume 1

Orchis, Roundleaf, plate 65, volume 1

Orchis, Showy, plate 241, volume 1v

Orchis spectabilis Linnaeus, plate 241, volume rv

Ovontium aquaticum Linnaeus, plate 222, volume m1

Orthocarpus tenuifolius Bentham, plate 119,
volume 11

Owl-clover, plate 119, volume 1

Oxycoccus palustris Persoon, plate 180, volume 11

Oxytrope, Showy, plate 120, volume 1

Oxytropis gracilis (Nelson) Jones, plate3, volume

Oxytropis podocarpa Gray, lower), plate 282,
volume Iv

Oxytropis podocarpa Gray, fruit), plate 283,
volume iv

Oxytropis splendens Douglas, plate 120, volume 11

Prchyloplus hirsutus Rydberg, plate 388, volume v
Pachyloplus marginatus (Nuttall) Rydberg,

plate 387, volume v
Paintbrush, Alberta, plate 372, volume v
Paintbrush, Lanceleaf, plate 102, volume 1
Paintbrush, Rose, plate 48, volume 1
Painted Trillium, plate 134, volume m
Pale Ladyslipper, plate 58, volume 1
Pale Pinesap, plate 157, volume 1
Pale Strawberry, plate 362, volume v

Papaw, plate 328, volume v

Parnassia fimbriata Konig, plate 343, volume v

Parnassia, Fringed, plate 343, volume v

Parrot Pitcherplant, plate 236, volume 11

Partridgeberry, plate 207, volume 111

Pasqueflower, American, flower), plate 95,
volume 11

Pasqueflower, American, fruit), plate 96,
volume 11

Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus, plate 324, volume v

Pearl Everlasting, plate 289, volume 1v

Peatpink, plate 248, volume iv

Pea, White, plate 85, volume 1

Pedicularis bracteosa Bentham, plate 258, volume 1v

Pediculavis contorta Bentham, plate 121, volume 11

Pedicularis groenlandica Retz, plate 373, volume v

Pentstemon confertus Douglas, plate 357, volume v

Pentstemon digitalis (Sweet) Nuttall, plate 209,
volume 111

Pentstemon eatonii Gray, plate 394, volume v

Pentstemon evianthera Pursh, plate 50, volume 1

Pentstemon, Fire, plate 394, volume v

Pentstemon, Foxglove, plate 209, volume 11

Pentstemon lyallii Gray, plate 346, volume v

Pentstemon, Menzies, plate 319, volume iv

Pentstemon menziesit Hooker, plate 319, volume iv

Pentstemon, Prairie, plate 50, volume 1

Pentstemon, Purple, plate 346, volume v

Pentstemon, Wright, plate 386, volume v

Pentstemon wrightii Hooker, plate 386, volume v

Pentstemon, Yellow, plate 357, volume v

Peramium decipiens (Hooker) Piper, plate 350,
volume v

Perennial Gaillardia, plate 354, volume v

Petalostemon purpureum (Ventenat) Rydberg,
plate 320, volume rv

Petasites hyperboreus Rydberg, plate 189, volume 111

Phacelia, Gray, plate 278, volume 1v

Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, plate 197,
volume 111

Phacelia, Sand, plate 197, volume 11

Phacelia sericea (Graham) Gray, plate 278,
volume rv

Phlox, Blue, plate 245, volume 1v

Phlox divaricata Linnaeus, plate 245, volume 1v

Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 265,
volume rv

Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don, plate 74,
volume 1 |

Physaria didymocarpa (Hooker) Gray, Cllower),
plate 167, volume 111

Physavia didymocarpa Hooker) Gray, (fruit),
plate 168, volume 11

Picea engelmanni (Patty) Engelmann, plate 378,
volume v

Pickerelweed, plate 29, volume 1

Pinebarren Gentian, plate 8, volume 1

Pineland Aster, plate 160, volume 1

Pineland Blueberry, plate 230, volume 11

Pine, Limber, plate 188, volume 111

Pine, Loblolly, plate 335, volume v

Pirie, Lodgepole, plate ror, volume 11

Pine, Longleaf, plate 139, volume 1

Pinesap, Pale, plate 157, volume 11

Pinesap, Red, plate 213, volume 11

Pine, Whitebark, plate 377, volume v

Pinguicula elatior Michaux, plate 235, volume 11

Pinguicula vulgaris Linnaeus, plate 198, volume m1

Pink Centaurium, plate 303, volume 1v

Pink Fleabane, plate 61, volume 1

Pink Fumeroot, plate 5, volume 1

Pink Ladyslipper, plate 327, volume v

Pink Mountainheather, plate 74, volume 1

Pink Pussytoes, plate 286, volume 1v

Pinkshell Azalea, plate 253, volume tv

Pink Twistedstalk, plate 83, volume 1

Pinus albicaulis Engelmann, plate 377, volume v

Pinus contorta murrayana (Balfour) Engelmann,
plate ror, volume 1

Pinus flexilis James, plate 188, volume m1

Pinus palustris Miller, plate 139, volume 11

Pinus taeda Linnaeus, plate 335, volume v

Pinxterbloom, plate 128, volume 1

Pinxterbloom, Downy, plate 232, volume mr

Pipsissewa, Western, plate 360, volume v

Pitcherplant, plate 52, volume 1

Pitcherplant, California, plate 390, volume v

Pitcherplant, Catesby, plate 4oo, volume v

Pitcherplant, Drummond, plate 329, volume v

Pitcherplant, Hooded, plate 251, volume 1v

Pitcherplant, Parrot, plate 236, volume 11
Pitcherplant, Sweet, plate 250, volume Iv
Plum, Chickasaw, plate 130, volume 1
Plume Anemone, (flower), plate 163, volume 11
Plume Anemone, (fruit), plate 164, volume m1
Podophyllum peltatum Linnaeus, plate 143, volume 11
Pogonia divaricata (Linnaeus) Robert Brown,
plate 242, volume iv
Pogonia ophioglossoides Linnaeus) Ker, plate 218,
volume 111
Pogonia, Rose, plate 218, volume mr
Pointvetch, Alpine, flower), plate 282, volume iv
Pointvetch, Alpine, (fruit), plate 283, volume iv
Polycodium stamineum (Linnaeus) Greene,
plate 132, volume 1
Polygala, Fringed, plate 135, volume 1
Polygala lutea Linnaeus, plate 257, volume tv
Polygala, Orange, plate 257, volume 1v
Polygala paucifolia Willdenow, plate 135,
volume 11
Pontederia cordata Linnaeus, plate 29, volume 1
Poppy, Mexican, plate 393, volume v
Porteranthus trifoliatus (Linnaeus) Britton,
plate 252, volume iv .
Potentilla fruticosa Linnaeus, plate 77, volume 1
Potentilla glaucophylla Lehmann, plate 296,
volume Iv
Potentilla uniflora Ledebour, plate 182, volume 11
Prairie Aster, plate 118, volume 11
Prairieclover, Purple, plate 320, volume tv
Prairie Pentstemon, plate 50, volume 1
Prairie-smoke, plate 53, volume 1
Prairie Thistle, plate 309, volume 1v
Prickly Currant, (flower), plate 66, volume 1
Prickly Currant, fruit), plate 67, volume 1
Pricklypear, Missouri, plate 35, volume 1
Primrose, Alberta, plate 274, volume 1v
Primrose, Evening, plate 388, volume v
Primula maccalliana Wiegand, platez74, volume 1v
Prunus angustifolia Marshall, plate 130, volume 11
Pseudotsuga mucronata Rafinesque) Sudworth,
plate 270, volume iv
Ptarmiganberry, plate 355, volume v
Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller, (flower),
plate 95, volume 1

Pulsatilla ludoviciana (Nuttall) Heller, Cfruit,)
plate 96, volume 11

Pulsatilla occidentalis (Watson) Freyn, Cllower),
plate 163, volume m1 E

Pulsatilla occidentalis (Watson) Freyn, Cfruit),
plate 164, volume 11

Purple Butterwort, plate 235, volume 11

Purple Mountain Violet, plate 181, volume 11

Purple Pentstemon, plate 346, volume v

Purple Prairieclover, plate 320, volume iv

Purple Saxifrage, plate 42, volume 1

Pussy-ears, plate 2, volume 1

Pussytoes, Buff, plate 171, volume 111

Pussytoes, Gray, plate 104, volume 11

Pussytoes, Pink, plate 286, volume 1v

Pussy Willow, plate 122, volume 11

Pygmy Androsace, plate 185, volume 111

Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, plate 113, volume 1

Pyrola, Green, plate 113, volunie 11

Pyrola minor Linnaeus, plate 172, volume 111

Pyrola secunda Linnaeus, plate 285, volume 1v

Pyrola, Sidebells, plate 285, volume 1v

Pyrola, Small, plate 172, volume 11

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michaux, plate 124,
volume 11

Pyxie, plate 124, volume 11

Quakerladies, plate 59, volume 1

Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville, plate 358,
volume v

Queencup, (flower), plate 203, volume m1

Queencup, (fruit), plate 204, volume m1

Quill-leaf Tillandsia, plate 399, volume v

R abbitbean, plate 44, volume 1

Ragged Fringe-orchid, plate 215, volume 11
Ramshead Ladyslipper, plate 216, volume u1
Ranunculus suksdorfit Gray, plate 114, volume 1
Raspberry, Whiteflowering, plate 341, volume v
Rattlesnakeplantain, Western, plate350, volume v
Rayless Groundsel, plate 93, volume m

Red Buckeye, plate 47, volume 1

Redbud, plate 26, volume 1

Red Chokeberry, lower), plate 31, volume 1
Red Chokeberry, (fruit), plate 31a, volume 1

Red Comandra, plate 361, volume v

Red Dewberry, plate 293, volume rv

Red Helmet, plate 258, volume 1v

Red Lily, plate rr, volume 1

Red Maple, plate 137, volume 1

Red Monkeyflower, plate 315, volume rv

Red-osier Dogwood, plate 38, volume 1

Red Pinesap, plate 213, volume m1

Redstem Saxifrage, plate 363, volume v

Red Trillium, plate 239, volume m1

Red Willowweed, plate 370, volume v

Rhododendron albiflorum Hooker, plate 305,volume1v

Rhododendron maximum Linnaeus, plate 254,
volume Iv

Rhododendron, Rocky Mountain, plate 305,
volume Iv

Rhododendron, Rosebay, plate 254, volume iv

Rhodora, plate 28, volume 1

Rhodora canadensis Linnaeus, plate 28, volume 1

Ribes lacustre Persoon) Poiret, flower), plate 66,
volume 1

Ribes lacustre (Persoon) Poiret, fruit), plate 67,
volume 1

Riverbank Gentian, plate 87, volume m

Rock Willow, plate 106, volume 11

Rock Wormwood, plate 288, volume 1v

Rocky Mountain Cassiope, plate 75, volume 1

Rocky Mountain Kalmia, plate 284, volume 1v

Rocky Mountain Rhododendron, plate 305,
volume Iv

Rocky Mountain Twayblade, plate 109, volume 11

Romanzoffia sitchensis Bongard, plate 98, volume 11

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin, flower), plate 344,
volume v

Rosa bourgeauiana Crepin, fruit), plate 345,
volume v

Rosebay Rhododendron, plate 254, volume tv

Rose, Bourgeau, (flower), plate 344, volume v

Rose, Bourgeau, (fruit), plate 345, volume v

Rosebud Orchid, plate 242, volume 1v

Rosegentian, Saltmarsh, plate 342, volume v

Rose Paintbrush, plate 48, volume 1

Rose Pogonia, plate 218, volume 11

Rosette Cinquefoil, plate 182, volume 11

Roundleaf Orchis, plate 65, volume 1

Rubus argutus Link, plate 146, volume 11
Rubus parviflorus Nuttall, plate 341, volume v
Rubus pedatus Smith, plate 293, volume 1v
Ruff Gentian, plate 318, volume iv

Saibuee stellavis Pursh, plate 342, volume v

Sagebrush Mariposa, plate 175, volume m1

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon, plate 158, volume 11

Salix discolor Muhlenberg, plate 122, volume 11

Salix drummondiana Barratt, plate 380, volume v_

Salix nivalis Hooker, plate 277, volume 1v

Salix petrophila Rydberg, plate 106, volume 1

Saltmarsh Rosegentian, plate 342, volume v

Sambucus pubens Michaux, plate 260, volume rv

San Diego Mariposa, plate 199, volume 111

Sand Phacelia, plate 197, volume 111

Sanguinaria canadensis Linnaeus, plate 123,
volume 11

Sarracenia catesbaei Elliott, plate 400, volume v

Sarracenia drummondii Croom, plate 329, volume v

Sarracenia flava Linnaeus, plate 25, volume 1

Sarracenia minor Walter, plate 251, volume iv

Sarracenia psittacina Michaux, plate 236, volume m1

Sarracenia purpurea Linnaeus, plate 52, volume 1

Sarracenia rubra Walter, plate 250, volume 1v

Saskatoon, plate 117, volume 1

Saussurea, plate 191, volume 111

Saussurea densa Hooker) Rydberg, plate rgr,
volume 111

Saxifraga bronchialis Linnaeus, plate t10, volume 11

Saxifraga caespitosa Linnaeus, plate 184, volume ui

Saxifraga lyallii Engler, plate 363, volume v

Saxifraga oppositifolia Linnaeus, plate 42, volume 1

Saxifrage, Purple, plate 42, volume 1

Saxifrage, Redstem, plate 363, volume v

Saxifrage, Spotted, plate 110, volume 1

Saxifrage, Tufted, plate 184, volume m1

Scarlet Elder, plate 260, volume 1v

Scarlet Globe-mallow, plate 398, volume v

Scarlet Mariposa, plate 391, volume v

Scutellaria serrata Andrews, plate 237, volume 11

Sedge, Golden, plate 281, volume 1v

Senecio lugens Richardson, plate 275, volume 1v

Senecio pauciflorus Pursh, plate 93, volume 11

Senecio triangularis Hooker, plate 385, volume v

Shootingstar, plate 49, volume 1
Shootingstar, Slender, plate 276, volume 1v
Shortia galacifolia Torrey and Gray, plate 19,
volume 1
Shortspur Columbine, plate 292, volume 1v
Showy Ladyslipper, plate 217, volume 11
Showy Milkweed, plate 90, volume 11
Showy Orchis, plate 241, volume rv
Showy Oxytrope, plate 120, volume 11
Siberian Onion, plate 383, volume v
Sidebells Pyrola, plate 285, volume 1v
Sidesaddle Goldenrod, plate 183, volume 111
Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Don, plate 53,
volume 1
Silene acaulis Linnaeus, plate 367, volume v
Silene caroliniana Walter, plate 248, volume tv
Silverberry, lower), plate 70, volume 1
Silverberry, (fruit), plate 71, volume 1
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller, plate 238,
volume m1
Skeletonflower, plate 9, volume 1
Skullcap, Wood, plate 237, volume m1
Skunkcabbage, plate 37, volume 1
Slender Agoseris, plate 89, volume 1
Slender Ladies-tresses, plate 4, volume 1
Slender Shootingstar, plate 276, volume rv
Slim Larkspur, plate 384, volume v
Small Cranberry, plate 180, volume m1
Small Pyrola, plate 172, volume m1
Small Yellow Ladyslipper, plate 92, volume 1
Smooth Yellow Violet, plate 224, volume 11
Snow Trillium, plate 240, volume m1
Snow Willow, plate 277, volume 1v
Solidago ciliosa Greene, plate 183, volume 111
Solomonplume, Star, plate 166, volume ur
Sorbus sambucifolia (Chamisso and Schlechtendal)
Roemer, plate 162, volume m1
Southern Coast Violet, plate 142, volume 1
Southern Magnolia, Glower), plate 24, volume 1
Southern Magnolia, (fruit), plate 24a, volume 1
Spathyema foetida Linnaeus) Rafinesque, plate 37,
volume 1
Spatterdock, plate 159, volume m
Sphaeralcea davidsoniz Robinson, plate 311,
— volume iv

Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia (Hooker and Arnott)
Rydberg, plate 398, volume v

Spiderlily, plate 154, volume 11

Spiderwort, Virginia, plate 40, volume 1

Spotted Beebalm, plate 233, volume 111

Spotted Cyrtopodium, plate 212, volume m1

Spotted Saxifrage, plate 110, volume 11

Springbeauty, Naiad, plate 94, volume u

Springbeauty, Virginia, plate 234, volume m1

Spruce, Engelmann, plate 378, volume v

Squawroot, plate 214, volume 11

Squirrelcorn, plate 136, volume 11

Star Solomonplume, plate 166, volume 111

Stenanthium occidentale Gray, plate 64, volume 1

Stewartia malachodendron Linnaeus, plate 333,
volume v

Stewartia, Virginia, plate 333, volume v

Strawberry-blite, plate 349, volume v

Strawberry-cactus, Green, plate 308, volume rv

Strawberry-cactus, Lloyds, plate 155, volume 1

Strawberry, Pale, plate 362, volume v

Streptopus amplexifolius (Linnaeus) De Candolle,
plate 84, volume 11

Streptopus curvipes Vail, plate 83, volume m

Sun-dial Lupine, plate 6, volume 1

Sweet Androsace, plate 107, volume 11

Sweet Azalea, plate 55, volume 1

Sweetbay, plate 325, volume v

Sweet Crab, Wild, plate 51, volume 1

Sweet Pitcherplant, plate 250, volume rv

Sweetvetch, plate 97, volume 11

Syndesmon thalictroides (Linnaeus) Hoffmannsegg,
plate 14, volume 1

dat Larkspur, plate 27, volume 1

Tampa Epidendrum, plate 152, volume 11

Tarflower, plate 17, volume 1

Tassel Cottongrass, plate 312, volume rv

Thalesia uniflora (Linnaeus) Britton, plate 156,
volume 11

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall) Richardson,
plate297, volume 1v

Thistle, Prairie, plate 309, volume 1v

Thistle, White, plate 103, volume 1

Thuja plicata Don, plate 187, volume 1

Tillandsia, plate 153, volume 11

Tillandsia fasciculata Swattz, plates 153, volumen,
and 399, volume v

Tillandsia, Quill-leaf, plate 399, volume v

Toad Trillium, plate 23, volume 1

Toothwort, Cut, plate 249, volume iv

Tradescantia virginiana Linnaeus, plate 40, volume

Trailing-arbutus, plate 126, volume 11

Trillium album (Michaux) Small, plate 334,
volume v

Trillium chloropetalum (Torrey, Howell, plate 299,
volume rv

Trillium erectum Linnaeus, plate 239, volume m1

Trillium, Giant, plate 299, volume 1v

Trillium grandiflorum (Michaux) Salisbury,
plate 240, volume 111

Trillium, Painted, plate 134, volume 1

Trillium, Red, plate 239, volume 111

Trillium sessile Linnaeus, plate 23, volume 1

Trillium, Snow, plate 240, volume 11

Trillium, Toad, plate 23, volume 1 ~

Trillium undulatum Willdenow, plate 134,
volume 11

Trillium, Wax, plate 33.4, volume v

Trollius albiflorus (Gray) Rydberg, plate 353,
volume v

Troutlily, White, plate 15, volume 1

Troutlily, Yellow, plate 339, volume v

Trumpetcreeper, plate 227, volume 11

Trumpet Honeysuckle, plate 46, volume 1

Trumpetleaf, plate 25, volume 1

Tsuga heterophylla Rafinesque) Sargent, plate 268,
volume Iv

Tsuga mertensiana (Bongatd) Sargent, plate 267,
volume Iv

Tufted saxifrage, plate 184, volume 11

Tuliptree, plate 45, volume 1

Turkscap Lily, plate 256, volume iv

Turtlehead, plate 259, volume rv

Twayblade, Lily, plate 34, volume 1

Twayblade, Rocky Mountain, plate rog, volume 1

Twinflower, American, plate 196, volume ur

Twinleaf, plate 72, volume 1

Twistedstalk, Clasping, plate 84, volume 11

Twistedstalk, Pink, plate 83, volume. 1

Upirie perfoliata Linnaeus, plate 144, volume 11

Vaccinium caespitosum Michaux, plate 179,
volume 111
Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus, plate 228,
volume 111
Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas, plate 7,
volume 1
Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, flower), plate 169,
volume 111 |
Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, (fruit), plate 170,
volume 111
Vaccinium tenellum Aiton, plate 230, volume 111
Vaccinium vitisidaea minus Loddiges, (flower),
plate 193, volume 111
Vaccinium vitisidaea minus Loddiges, (fruit),
plate 194, volume 11
Vagnera stellata (Linnaeus) Morong, plate 166,
volume 111
Valeriana sitchensis Bongard, plate 366, volume v
Valerian, Heliotrope, plate 366, volume v
Venus Flytrap, plate 219, volume 111
Veratrum viride Aiton, plate 174, volume 11
Vernal Iris, plate 13, volume 1
Vetch, American, plate 190, volume 11
Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie, plate 317,
volume iv
Vicia americana Muhlenberg, plate 190,
volume 11
Viola adunca J. E. Smith, plate 181, volume 11
Viola canadensis Linnaeus, plate 347, volume v
Viola eriocarpa Schweinitz, plate 224, volume 111
Viola pedata Linnaeus, plate 39, volume 1
Viola rafinesquii Greene, plate 211, volume 111
Viola septemloba Le Conte, plate 142, volume 11
Violet, Birdsfoot, plate 39, volume 1
Violet, Canada, plate 347, volume v
Violet, Field, plate 211, volume 11
Violet, Purple Mountain, plate 181, volume 1m
Violet, Smooth Yellow, plate 224, volume m1
Violet, Southern Coast, plate 142, volume 11
Virginia Bluebells, plate 20, volume 1
Virginia Spiderwort, plate 40, volume 1
Virginia Springbeauty, plate 234, volume m1
Virginia Stewartia, plate 333, volume v

Waterlily, American, plate 223, volume mt
Wax Trillium, plate 334, volume v
Western Bluebells, plate 173, volume m1
Western Cranesbill, plate 307, volume iv
Western Green Alder, plate 186, volume 111
Western Hemlock, plate 268, volume rv
Western Larch, plate 269, volume 1v
Western Menziesia, plate 298, volume 1v
Western Monkeyflower, plate 313, volume rv
Western Mountain-ash, plate 162, volume 111
Western Pipsissewa, plate 360, volume v
Western Rattlesnakeplantain, plate 350, volume v
Western Yarrow, plate 151, volume 11
Whitebark Pine, plate 377, volume v
White Dawnrose, plate 387, volume v
White Dryad, (lower), plate 176, volume m1
White Dryad, (fruit), plate 177, volume 111
White Epidendrum, plate 337, volume v
Whiteflowering Raspberry, plate 341, volume v
White Globeflower, plate 353, volume v
White Pea, plate 85, volume 1m
White Thistle, plate 103, volume 1
White Troutlily, plate 15, volume 1
Whortleberry, Big, plate 7, volume 1
Whortleberry, Grouse, (flower), plate 169,
volume 111
Whortleberry, Grouse, (fruit), plate 170,
volume 111 .
Whortleberry, Low, plate 179, volume 111
Wild Calla, plate 129, volume 1
Wildginger, Canada, plate 127, volume 11
Wild Sweet Crab, plate 51, volume 1
Willow, Drummond, plate 380, volume v
Willow, Pussy, plate 122, volume 1
Willow, Rock, plate 106, volume 11

Willow, Snow, plate 277, volume tv
Willowweed, Red, plate 370, volume v
Willow-weed, Yellow, plate 300, volume tv |
Winterberry, plate 54, volume 1
Wistaria, American, plate 149, volume 11
Witch-hazel, plate 323, volume v

Wood Betony: see Red Helmet

Wood Merrybells, plate 144, volume 11
Woodnymph, plate 273, volume 1v
Wood Skullcap, plate 237, volume 11
Woolly Agoseris, plate 195, volume 111
Woolly Arnica, plate 348, volume v
Wormwood, Rock, plate 288, volume 1v
Wright Pentstemon, plate 386, volume v

Nei tenax (Pursh) Nuttall, plate 302,

volume iv

“Yaor Western, plate 151, volume 11
Yaupon, plate 226, volume 111
Yellow Cucumbertree, plate 330, volume v
Yellow Dryad, Clower), plate 364, volume v
Yellow Dryad, Cruit), plate 365, volume v
Yellow Fringeorchid, plate 340, volume v
Yellow Pentstemon, plate 357, volume v
Yellow Troutlily, plate 339, volume v
Yellow Willow-weed, plate 300, volume 1v
Yucca, plate 397, volume v
Yucca baileyi Wooton and Standley, plate 397,
volume v

J opscieiten. plate 264, volume iv

Zenobia cassinifolia (Ventenat) Pollard, plate 264,
volume Iv

Zygadenus elegans Pursh, plate 116, volume 11

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