WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:03.000 The cavalcade of America. 00:03.000 --> 00:24.720 A resolution unanimously adopted at the recent convention of the National Council of Women 00:24.720 --> 00:30.880 reads as follows, quote, be it resolved that a letter of thanks be sent to DuPont for sponsoring 00:30.880 --> 00:35.680 the excellent educational series called the cavalcade of America, thus providing the whole 00:35.680 --> 00:37.760 family with splendid entertainment. 00:37.760 --> 00:38.760 End of quotation. 00:38.760 --> 00:43.680 DuPont appreciates this compliment from such a distinguished organization, and needless 00:43.680 --> 00:48.520 to say, such a commendation is particularly timely right now during National Education 00:48.520 --> 00:49.520 Week. 00:49.520 --> 00:53.960 It is the purpose of this series to show the forward march of traditional American spirit 00:53.960 --> 00:56.600 in a series of true stories. 00:56.600 --> 01:01.360 And just as the history of the nation shows how American men and women overcame trials 01:01.360 --> 01:07.360 and hardships and so found new horizons, so the history of chemistry shows how the 01:07.360 --> 01:13.640 research chemists have constantly contributed to a fuller, richer, and freer life for everyone. 01:13.640 --> 01:18.400 This is the ideal expressed by DuPont in the phrase, better things for better living through 01:18.400 --> 01:19.400 chemistry. 01:19.400 --> 01:39.040 This evening, we welcome as our guest a distinguished star of the stage, Miss Faye Banger, who will 01:39.040 --> 01:43.280 be heard in each of three episodes dealing with women's emancipation. 01:43.280 --> 01:47.160 Our cavalcade orchestra rings up the curtain with an excerpt from the first movement of 01:47.160 --> 01:54.160 the unfinished symphony of Schubert. 03:47.160 --> 04:13.840 Please join me in welcoming Miss Faye Banger. 05:13.840 --> 05:36.760 When the signers of the Declaration of Independence founded our American Republic with the statement 05:36.760 --> 05:41.840 that all men are created equal, they did not seem to include women. 05:41.840 --> 05:47.480 Women women, especially married women, were in a clash legally with slaves, imbeciles, 05:47.480 --> 05:48.480 and felons. 05:48.480 --> 05:54.560 A scene such as which took place about 30 years before the Civil War can hardly be realized 05:54.560 --> 05:55.560 today. 05:55.560 --> 06:01.240 We are in Judge Daniel Cady's office, which joined his home in Johnstown, New York. 06:01.240 --> 06:04.280 A part of Elizabeth Cady is played by Miss Faye Boehner. 06:04.280 --> 06:07.960 It is the year 1830, a winter evening. 06:07.960 --> 06:10.840 Mrs. Dean has stopped in to see Judge Cady. 06:10.840 --> 06:16.760 Do forgive me for disturbing you, Judge Cady, but I saw light in your office window and 06:16.760 --> 06:17.760 I was so upset. 06:17.760 --> 06:18.760 Don't apologize, Mrs. Dean. 06:18.760 --> 06:24.280 A good lawyer is a public servant, always ready to help his friends. 06:24.280 --> 06:30.000 You and my husband were always such good friends, but I felt I could come to you for advice. 06:30.000 --> 06:31.000 Of course, Mrs. Dean. 06:31.000 --> 06:32.000 Oh, hello, Elizabeth. 06:32.000 --> 06:33.000 Oh, I'm sorry. 06:33.000 --> 06:34.000 I didn't know you were busy. 06:34.000 --> 06:35.000 You know my daughter, I think, Mrs. Dean. 06:35.000 --> 06:36.000 How do you do, Mrs. Dean? 06:36.000 --> 06:37.000 Oh, bless you, my dear. 06:37.000 --> 06:38.000 You're quite a young lady. 06:38.000 --> 06:46.760 Mrs. Dean, do you know that during the last semester at school, Elizabeth won the prize 06:46.760 --> 06:49.480 for being the best Greek scholar in the class? 06:49.480 --> 06:54.280 Why, Elizabeth, it doesn't seem quite, quite relative. 06:54.280 --> 06:57.960 I heard Father wishing I'd been born a boy, and I wanted to show him that I was just as 06:57.960 --> 06:58.960 good as a boy. 06:58.960 --> 07:02.760 She intends to make me pay for that one inadvertent remark. 07:02.760 --> 07:03.760 I will too, Father. 07:03.760 --> 07:04.760 You'll see. 07:04.760 --> 07:07.400 All right, Elizabeth, and I'll run along. 07:07.400 --> 07:09.480 Mrs. Dean wants to talk something over with me. 07:09.480 --> 07:11.480 Oh, let the child stay, Judge. 07:11.480 --> 07:16.360 Perhaps if he is what I have to tell you, he won't wish you were a boy. 07:16.360 --> 07:18.360 I don't think I understand you, Mrs. Dean. 07:18.360 --> 07:21.640 It's my son, Judge, my only son. 07:21.640 --> 07:24.560 Oh, surely you have no cause to complain of your son. 07:24.560 --> 07:28.800 Fine young man, Mrs. Dean, if I'm any judge, and a beautiful son. 07:28.800 --> 07:30.800 Yes, a fine young man. 07:30.800 --> 07:36.240 But there's truth in the old saying, a man is a son till he gets him a wife, but a daughter 07:36.240 --> 07:38.040 is a daughter the whole of her life. 07:38.040 --> 07:39.880 But what has this to do with the... 07:39.880 --> 07:44.240 You know when my father died, all his estate came to me and threw me to my husband. 07:44.240 --> 07:47.120 Of course, Mrs. Dean, that is the law. 07:47.120 --> 07:50.840 A married woman can have no property in her own right. 07:50.840 --> 07:56.680 And then when my husband died, he left the money to our son, and all that money that 07:56.680 --> 07:59.320 was mine now belongs to him. 07:59.320 --> 08:00.320 Quite properly. 08:00.320 --> 08:01.800 And I'm dependent on his generosity. 08:01.800 --> 08:06.400 It's his duty to take care of you and see that you have a proper home. 08:06.400 --> 08:12.160 Yes, but his wife's idea and my idea on what is a proper home are very different. 08:12.160 --> 08:13.720 But she has no legal right to... 08:13.720 --> 08:17.320 No legal right perhaps, but she rules my son's home. 08:17.320 --> 08:21.040 Where I was once a mistress, I'm now a poor relation. 08:21.040 --> 08:22.720 I'm an honest declarator. 08:22.720 --> 08:27.080 My dear lady, surely you realize that nothing can be done about it. 08:27.080 --> 08:32.080 You mean there is no legal step I can take, no way that I can recover part of what was 08:32.080 --> 08:33.080 once mine? 08:33.080 --> 08:34.080 None, Mrs. Dean. 08:34.080 --> 08:35.080 That's the law. 08:35.080 --> 08:39.600 But I'm sure he's a kind, generous son. 08:39.600 --> 08:43.920 He was dead until he married this woman. 08:43.920 --> 08:45.840 I've tried to treat her as a daughter. 08:45.840 --> 08:47.840 I've tried to be tactful and helpful. 08:47.840 --> 08:51.040 But this very morning I heard him telling... 08:51.040 --> 08:56.600 I heard her telling him that if I complained anymore, he hoped that he would send me to 08:56.600 --> 08:57.600 an institution. 08:57.600 --> 08:58.600 An institution, Judge Tate. 08:58.600 --> 08:59.600 Do you understand what that means? 08:59.600 --> 09:00.600 I can't stand it. 09:00.600 --> 09:09.440 My dear lady, I'm deeply sorry for you, but there's absolutely nothing that I can do 09:09.440 --> 09:13.840 about it except speak to your son and ask him to be more generous. 09:13.840 --> 09:14.840 Generous? 09:14.840 --> 09:15.840 With our own money? 09:15.840 --> 09:16.840 Elizabeth, my child, please. 09:16.840 --> 09:17.840 It's an outrage, Father. 09:17.840 --> 09:18.840 It isn't fair. 09:18.840 --> 09:20.840 Why can't a wife own property? 09:20.840 --> 09:23.600 Why must there be such laws in these books? 09:23.600 --> 09:25.480 You must forgive my daughter, Mrs. Dean. 09:25.480 --> 09:27.920 I apologize for her maidenly outburst. 09:27.920 --> 09:30.360 She needs no apology, Judge. 09:30.360 --> 09:33.000 I only wish that I had her youth and spirit. 09:33.000 --> 09:37.040 Perhaps someday there will be some woman who will lead her sisters out of the wilderness 09:37.040 --> 09:39.040 of man-made law. 09:39.040 --> 09:41.040 I won't trouble you any longer. 09:41.040 --> 09:42.040 Goodbye. 09:42.040 --> 09:45.040 Oh, I beg your pardon, sir. 09:45.040 --> 09:46.040 Oh, that's quite all right. 09:46.040 --> 09:47.040 Did I hurt you? 09:47.040 --> 09:48.040 I'm so sorry. 09:48.040 --> 09:49.040 No, no, not at all. 09:49.040 --> 09:50.600 Come in, Henry. 09:50.600 --> 09:53.040 You know my eldest daughter's brother-in-law, Henry Bayard. 09:53.040 --> 09:54.040 Yes. 09:54.040 --> 09:55.040 How do you do, Mr. Bayard? 09:55.040 --> 09:56.040 How do you do, Mrs. Dean? 09:56.040 --> 09:57.040 I'm happy to see you. 09:57.040 --> 09:58.040 Thank you, Seth. 09:58.040 --> 09:59.040 And thank you for listening to me, Judge Fadde. 09:59.040 --> 10:00.040 God bless you, Elizabeth. 10:00.040 --> 10:01.040 Goodbye. 10:01.040 --> 10:02.040 Goodbye. 10:02.040 --> 10:03.040 Well, Mrs. Dean seems excited. 10:03.040 --> 10:04.040 Any trouble? 10:04.040 --> 10:05.040 A personal matter. 10:05.040 --> 10:06.040 An argument with a ton. 10:06.040 --> 10:07.040 It's more than a personal matter. 10:07.040 --> 10:08.040 It's more than just an argument. 10:08.040 --> 10:09.040 It's a question between all men and all women. 10:09.040 --> 10:10.040 Is Elizabeth getting herself upset again about the rights of the fair sex? 10:10.040 --> 10:11.040 Why aren't girls as good as boys? 10:11.040 --> 10:12.040 Why can't we own things our fair sex? 10:12.040 --> 10:13.040 I don't know. 10:13.040 --> 10:14.040 I'm not sure. 10:14.040 --> 10:15.040 I don't know. 10:15.040 --> 10:16.040 I don't know. 10:16.040 --> 10:17.040 I don't know. 10:17.040 --> 10:18.040 I don't know. 10:18.040 --> 10:19.040 I don't know. 10:19.040 --> 10:20.040 I don't know. 10:20.040 --> 10:25.040 I don't know. 10:25.040 --> 10:28.040 How can we do that? 10:28.040 --> 10:30.040 Oh, my dear, why can't we own things our fair sex? 10:30.040 --> 10:31.040 Father, do you mean to say that this necklace and these bracelets you gave me for Christmas 10:31.040 --> 10:32.040 aren't really mine? 10:32.040 --> 10:33.040 Well, legally, they... 10:33.040 --> 10:34.040 Legally, my dear, they belong to your father. 10:34.040 --> 10:35.040 And if, well, let's say for the sake of argument, you should later become my wife, those pretty 10:35.040 --> 10:36.040 ornaments would be mine. 10:36.040 --> 10:37.040 You couldn't even wear them without my permission. 10:37.040 --> 10:38.040 I could sell them, give them away. 10:38.040 --> 10:39.040 I could even change them for a body, a body of sand. 10:39.040 --> 10:40.040 My dear, would you be so kind as to say that you are my wife and not my husband? 10:40.040 --> 10:41.040 You could even sell them, give them away. 10:41.040 --> 10:42.040 I could even change them for a body, a body of sand. 10:42.040 --> 10:43.040 I could even sell them, give them away. 10:43.040 --> 10:45.240 You couldn't even wear them without my permission. 10:45.240 --> 10:47.740 I could sell them, give them away. 10:47.740 --> 10:50.240 I could even change them for a box of cigars, 10:50.240 --> 10:52.040 and you could watch them evaporate and smoke. 10:52.040 --> 10:54.040 It isn't fair. It's not fair! 10:54.040 --> 10:55.540 My books! What are you doing? 10:55.540 --> 10:57.740 I'm trying to tear the wretched laws out of your books! 10:57.740 --> 10:58.740 But my child! 10:58.740 --> 11:01.240 No, tearing them out of books will do no good, Elizabeth. 11:01.240 --> 11:03.440 You must take them out of the legal codes. 11:03.440 --> 11:05.840 You must tear them out of the hearts and brains 11:05.840 --> 11:08.040 of the men who wrote them and believe in them. 11:08.040 --> 11:12.040 Man makes the laws, and only man can change them. 11:12.040 --> 11:15.040 And they call this a free country. 11:15.040 --> 11:18.040 Oh, why can't I do something? 11:18.040 --> 11:20.040 Why can't I do something? 11:28.040 --> 11:33.040 On Friday, May 11, 1840, refusing to say the word obey, 11:33.040 --> 11:36.040 Elizabeth Cady was married to Henry B. Stanton, 11:36.040 --> 11:38.040 prominent as an abolitionist. 11:38.040 --> 11:40.040 Her honeymoon was spent in England, 11:40.040 --> 11:42.040 where the bride and bridegroom were delegates 11:42.040 --> 11:44.540 to the World Anti-Flavor Convention. 11:44.540 --> 11:49.040 We find them in Freemasons Hall, London, June 12, 1840, 11:49.040 --> 11:51.540 just as a delegation from the United States 11:51.540 --> 11:53.040 is presenting its credentials. 11:55.040 --> 11:59.040 We will hear from the delegation representing 11:59.040 --> 12:02.040 the United States of America. 12:02.040 --> 12:07.040 Mr. Stanton, I present the credentials for our delegation. 12:07.040 --> 12:10.040 The Honorable William Lloyd Garrison, 12:10.040 --> 12:14.040 the Honorable Henry B. Stanton, Mrs. LaCracia Mott. 12:14.040 --> 12:17.040 Pardon me, sir, but what was that last name? 12:17.040 --> 12:21.040 Mrs. LaCracia Mott, the delegation from the United States of America 12:21.040 --> 12:23.040 is out of order. 12:23.040 --> 12:26.040 We have no authority to permit the seating of women 12:26.040 --> 12:29.040 as delegates to this convention. 12:29.040 --> 12:31.040 Henry, did you hear that? 12:31.040 --> 12:33.040 They're refusing to seat our American women delegates. 12:33.040 --> 12:35.040 Yes, dear, I heard. I'll see what can be done. 12:35.040 --> 12:37.040 Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chairman. 12:37.040 --> 12:38.040 Mr. Chairman. 12:38.040 --> 12:43.040 The Chair recognizes the Reverend C.B. Stanton. 12:43.040 --> 12:47.040 Mr. Chairman, it seems to me preeminently unfitting 12:47.040 --> 12:49.040 that women should be permitted to sit as delegates 12:49.040 --> 12:52.040 to this great convention. 12:52.040 --> 12:55.040 When in his great judgment God created woman 12:55.040 --> 12:57.040 from the rib of man, 12:57.040 --> 13:00.040 he did not intend her as man's equal, 13:00.040 --> 13:03.040 but subject to his will and command. 13:03.040 --> 13:07.040 Mr. Chairman, the Chair recognizes 13:07.040 --> 13:11.040 Mr. George Bradburn of the United States. 13:11.040 --> 13:14.040 If the clerical gentleman who has just spoken 13:14.040 --> 13:18.040 can prove to me that the Bible teaches the entire subject 13:18.040 --> 13:20.040 of one half of the race to the other, 13:20.040 --> 13:22.040 I think that that's... 13:22.040 --> 13:25.040 Order! Order! 13:25.040 --> 13:28.040 Mr. Chairman, in answer to the blasphemy 13:28.040 --> 13:30.040 of the previous speaker, 13:30.040 --> 13:33.040 behind him, as St. Paul says in the 11th chapter 13:33.040 --> 13:35.040 of the 1st Corinthians, 13:35.040 --> 13:37.040 neither was man created for woman, 13:37.040 --> 13:40.040 but for woman for man. 13:40.040 --> 13:42.040 And again in the 6th chapter of Ephesians, 13:42.040 --> 13:45.040 wives, admit yourselves unto your husbands, 13:45.040 --> 13:48.040 for the husband is the head of the wife. 13:48.040 --> 13:53.040 Mr. Chairman, the Chair recognizes 13:53.040 --> 13:56.040 Mr. Henry D. Stanton. 13:56.040 --> 13:59.040 Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, 13:59.040 --> 14:02.040 in our National Anti-Slavery Society, 14:02.040 --> 14:04.040 women are accustomed to speak and vote 14:04.040 --> 14:06.040 in all its conventions. 14:06.040 --> 14:08.040 Their part in this great struggle 14:08.040 --> 14:11.040 is fully as active as that of the men 14:11.040 --> 14:13.040 in the United States. 14:13.040 --> 14:15.040 Do you let the women vote in your country? 14:15.040 --> 14:18.040 Not yet, but we hope that the time will come. 14:18.040 --> 14:21.040 Order! Order! 14:21.040 --> 14:24.040 Order! 14:24.040 --> 14:27.040 Finally, the English delegates 14:27.040 --> 14:29.040 supported by the English clergy had their way, 14:29.040 --> 14:32.040 and all women were rejected as delegates 14:32.040 --> 14:34.040 to the convention. 14:34.040 --> 14:36.040 Elizabeth found herself seated in the audience 14:36.040 --> 14:38.040 beside another disappointed member 14:38.040 --> 14:40.040 of the American delegation, 14:40.040 --> 14:42.040 Capricia Moss. 14:42.040 --> 14:45.040 Mrs. Stanton, I feel so humiliated 14:45.040 --> 14:46.040 sitting here like this, 14:46.040 --> 14:48.040 for all the world like a naughty child. 14:48.040 --> 14:50.040 I feel more content and disgusted 14:50.040 --> 14:51.040 than chagrinians do not. 14:51.040 --> 14:53.040 What will they say about me? 14:53.040 --> 14:55.040 What will they say in America? 14:56.040 --> 14:59.040 It's Mr. Garrison they're applauding. 14:59.040 --> 15:01.040 I wish he'd been here yesterday. 15:01.040 --> 15:03.040 He'd have been the bigot for this oratory. 15:03.040 --> 15:06.040 Mr. Chairman, the Chair recognizes 15:06.040 --> 15:11.040 the American delegate, Mr. William Lloyd Garrison. 15:11.040 --> 15:13.040 Mr. Garrison is the most elegant speaker 15:13.040 --> 15:14.040 I've ever heard. 15:14.040 --> 15:16.040 Yes, they say everyone is looking forward 15:16.040 --> 15:17.040 to hearing his address. 15:17.040 --> 15:21.040 Now, Mr. Chairman, on arriving here today, 15:21.040 --> 15:23.040 I learned that our women, 15:23.040 --> 15:26.040 the very women who have fought side by side 15:26.040 --> 15:29.040 with us in all this great conflict for freedom, 15:29.040 --> 15:32.040 have been excluded from places on the floor. 15:32.040 --> 15:35.040 Yes, Mr. Garrison, by vote of the delegates. 15:35.040 --> 15:38.040 I came 3,000 miles to speak on the subject 15:38.040 --> 15:40.040 nearest to my heart. 15:40.040 --> 15:42.040 But after battling for so many years 15:42.040 --> 15:45.040 for the liberation of African slaves, 15:45.040 --> 15:47.040 I can take no part in a convention 15:47.040 --> 15:50.040 that strikes down the most sacred right 15:50.040 --> 15:51.040 of all women. 15:51.040 --> 15:53.040 All now! All now! 15:53.040 --> 15:54.040 Mr. Garrison is wrong. 15:54.040 --> 15:55.040 It's no less than tyranny. 15:55.040 --> 15:56.040 We aren't the privileged, 15:56.040 --> 15:59.040 the most ignorant and degraded men. 15:59.040 --> 16:01.040 We haven't used the right to the wages we earn. 16:01.040 --> 16:03.040 We're denied equality and education. 16:03.040 --> 16:05.040 In fact, we are severely dead. 16:05.040 --> 16:07.040 This man has usurped the prerogatives 16:07.040 --> 16:08.040 of Jehovah himself. 16:08.040 --> 16:11.040 When I return home, I intend to devote my life 16:11.040 --> 16:13.040 to the liberation of women, 16:13.040 --> 16:16.040 so that generations to come won't be humiliated 16:16.040 --> 16:17.040 as we've been today. 16:17.040 --> 16:19.040 It means work, I know. 16:19.040 --> 16:22.040 It means that we'll be feared as and insulted. 16:22.040 --> 16:24.040 We ourselves may never see the victory, 16:24.040 --> 16:26.040 but at least we can show the way 16:26.040 --> 16:28.040 to the women of America. 16:28.040 --> 16:38.040 Music 16:38.040 --> 16:39.040 Elizabeth Cady Stanton's words 16:39.040 --> 16:41.040 turned out to be prophetic. 16:41.040 --> 16:43.040 They were the beginning of the reform 16:43.040 --> 16:45.040 which was to be known as women's rights. 16:45.040 --> 16:48.040 In 1848, a small convention was held 16:48.040 --> 16:50.040 in Seneca Falls, New York. 16:50.040 --> 16:52.040 It was ridiculed by the public 16:52.040 --> 16:53.040 and rebuked by the press. 16:53.040 --> 16:55.040 However, it was successful enough 16:55.040 --> 16:57.040 to result in the first national convention 16:57.040 --> 16:59.040 just two years later. 16:59.040 --> 17:11.040 Music 17:11.040 --> 17:14.040 The American cavalcade moved onward, 17:14.040 --> 17:15.040 but it was some time before 17:15.040 --> 17:18.040 women's rights societies made much headway 17:18.040 --> 17:19.040 with the law of the land. 17:19.040 --> 17:21.040 Suffrage became the goal. 17:21.040 --> 17:23.040 Western pioneers saw their women 17:23.040 --> 17:26.040 struggle beside them against the wilderness. 17:26.040 --> 17:29.040 And in 1869, Wyoming Territory 17:29.040 --> 17:31.040 granted the vote to women. 17:31.040 --> 17:34.040 This stirred the soul of Susan B. Anthony, 17:34.040 --> 17:37.040 often called the Napoleon of women's rights. 17:37.040 --> 17:40.040 And in the year 1871, we find Susan, 17:40.040 --> 17:42.040 played by Faye Boehner, entering the headquarters 17:42.040 --> 17:45.040 of the Board of Registry in Rochester, New York 17:45.040 --> 17:47.040 with a group of co-workers. 17:47.040 --> 17:51.040 Well, ladies, what can I do for you? 17:51.040 --> 17:52.040 We're here to register. 17:52.040 --> 17:56.040 We can't vote unless we register, can we? 17:56.040 --> 17:58.040 But ladies, you can't vote at all. 17:58.040 --> 17:59.040 The law says... 17:59.040 --> 18:01.040 We know the law. 18:01.040 --> 18:03.040 The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution 18:03.040 --> 18:06.040 of the United States says that all persons 18:06.040 --> 18:09.040 born or naturalized in the United States 18:09.040 --> 18:11.040 are citizens of the United States 18:11.040 --> 18:13.040 and at no state may make a law 18:13.040 --> 18:15.040 which shall abridge their privileges 18:15.040 --> 18:18.040 or deny equal protection of the law. 18:18.040 --> 18:20.040 But, madam, you are a woman. 18:20.040 --> 18:23.040 Since when was a woman not a citizen? 18:23.040 --> 18:25.040 Either you will register, my friend, 18:25.040 --> 18:27.040 or I'll bring suit against you. 18:27.040 --> 18:28.040 Oh, let them register. 18:28.040 --> 18:29.040 We don't have to let them vote. 18:29.040 --> 18:31.040 If we register, we will vote. 18:31.040 --> 18:33.040 Madam, I warn you. 18:33.040 --> 18:42.040 If you vote, you will be arrested. 18:42.040 --> 18:46.040 Susan B. Anthony did register and vote. 18:46.040 --> 18:48.040 She was arrested and fined $100. 18:48.040 --> 18:50.040 She refused to pay the fine, 18:50.040 --> 18:53.040 and President Grant pardoned her. 18:53.040 --> 18:55.040 Susan B. Anthony kept working to keep 18:55.040 --> 18:57.040 the suffrage question before Congress 18:57.040 --> 19:01.040 until her brave spirit passed on in 1906. 19:01.040 --> 19:04.040 The American cavalcade moved onward to the year 1913. 19:04.040 --> 19:07.040 That was the year when the whole country 19:07.040 --> 19:09.040 was humming the beautiful waltzes 19:09.040 --> 19:32.040 of purity and flavor. 21:09.040 --> 21:31.400 On March 3, 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson's inauguration, a great parade was held in the 21:31.400 --> 21:33.000 city of Washington. 21:33.000 --> 21:38.000 Many politicians, afraid of women's suffrage, tried to belittle the ever-growing storm. 21:38.000 --> 21:45.000 Two of them look out of the window on Pennsylvania Avenue as the parade passes. 21:45.000 --> 21:48.360 They certainly can march. 21:48.360 --> 21:54.880 I'm surprised at so many good-looking young girls. 21:54.880 --> 21:56.880 They just want to show off. 21:56.880 --> 21:59.040 Say, that crowd's getting nasty. 21:59.040 --> 22:00.040 Look at that. 22:00.040 --> 22:03.400 The men in the crowd threw a cigar butt in that woman's face. 22:03.400 --> 22:05.320 After all, they are women. 22:05.320 --> 22:06.600 They want to vote like men. 22:06.600 --> 22:08.680 They must expect to be treated like men. 22:08.680 --> 22:10.680 Those fellows on the curb are men. 22:10.680 --> 22:12.520 And rowdies in hoodlums. 22:12.520 --> 22:15.520 The women are asking for it. 22:15.520 --> 22:18.520 Look at them. 22:18.520 --> 22:20.520 Thousands of them. 22:20.520 --> 22:21.520 Marching by. 22:21.520 --> 22:24.280 All looking ahead. 22:24.280 --> 22:27.280 Not even hearing the tears of the crowd. 22:27.280 --> 22:29.280 I've got to admit, I admire them. 22:29.280 --> 22:39.400 But the fact is that they really mean it this time. 22:39.400 --> 22:43.240 All through the day they marched and into the night, dressed in white, women of all 22:43.240 --> 22:47.640 descriptions, bravely bore their banners before a partisan crowd. 22:47.640 --> 22:53.600 Five years later, on December 2, 1918, President Wilson, in addressing Congress, said, the 22:53.600 --> 22:59.040 least tribute we can pay women is to make them the equals of men in political rights 22:59.040 --> 23:03.000 as they have proved themselves their equals in every field of practical work they have 23:03.000 --> 23:07.120 entered, whether for themselves or their country. 23:07.120 --> 23:13.000 In May 1918, the 19th Amendment was passed by the House and in June by the Senate. 23:13.000 --> 23:15.320 But passage was one thing. 23:15.320 --> 23:17.320 Ratification by 36 states was another. 23:17.320 --> 23:21.400 The legislatures of 35 states finally ratified. 23:21.400 --> 23:25.680 All eyes are turned towards Tennessee, the state that the suffragists hoped will be the 23:25.680 --> 23:28.600 one to give them their long delayed victory. 23:28.600 --> 23:31.800 The Tennessee Senate passes the bill 25 to 4. 23:31.800 --> 23:33.720 Then it comes to the House. 23:33.720 --> 23:35.840 The galleries are filled. 23:35.840 --> 23:40.120 In the front row sit two anti, a husband and his wife. 23:40.120 --> 23:44.620 And beside them, a young woman, played by Slay Bainter, who is evidently a supporter 23:44.620 --> 23:45.620 of the suffrage cause. 23:45.620 --> 23:46.620 You see, Bessie, it won't pass. 23:46.620 --> 23:47.620 Our state wants to take our women. 23:47.620 --> 23:48.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:48.620 --> 23:49.620 We don't want to drag them through the mire. 23:49.620 --> 23:50.620 You're right here, absolutely right. 23:50.620 --> 23:51.620 Perhaps when women get into politics, they'll be able to get into politics. 23:51.620 --> 23:52.620 But we don't want them in politics. 23:52.620 --> 23:53.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:53.620 --> 23:54.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:54.620 --> 23:55.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:55.620 --> 23:56.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:56.620 --> 23:57.620 We don't want them in politics. 23:57.620 --> 23:58.620 If we don't get into politics, they'll help drag it out of the mire. 23:58.620 --> 23:59.620 I beg your pardon, ma'am. 23:59.620 --> 24:00.620 I'm sorry, but I couldn't resist replying to your remarkable reason for keeping us from 24:00.620 --> 24:01.620 voting. 24:01.620 --> 24:02.620 You really believe what you said? 24:02.620 --> 24:03.620 Surely you trust your wife to vote? 24:03.620 --> 24:04.620 Oh, I don't want to vote. 24:04.620 --> 24:05.620 I agree with my husband that a woman's top of the place is the home. 24:05.620 --> 24:06.620 But just because you don't believe in it, why should other women be deprived of what they 24:06.620 --> 24:07.620 believe? 24:07.620 --> 24:08.620 Quiet, quiet, quiet. 24:08.620 --> 24:09.620 They're announcing the vote. 24:09.620 --> 24:10.620 The vote stands 49 for the amendment and 40 for the vote. 24:10.620 --> 24:11.620 The vote stands 49 for the amendment and 40 for the vote. 24:11.620 --> 24:12.620 The vote stands 49 for the amendment and 40 for the vote. 24:12.620 --> 24:13.620 The vote stands 49 for the amendment and 40 for the vote. 24:13.620 --> 24:28.620 The vote stands 49 for the amendment and 47 against. 24:28.620 --> 24:33.620 49 for the amendment and 47 against. 24:33.620 --> 24:34.620 We won. 24:34.620 --> 24:35.620 One moment, please. 24:35.620 --> 24:38.620 I cannot declare this a passing vote. 24:38.620 --> 24:42.620 There are only 96 members out of 99 persons. 24:42.620 --> 24:49.620 The 49 ayes constitute a majority of those present, but not the majority of the entire 24:49.620 --> 24:51.620 membership of the House. 24:51.620 --> 24:52.620 It's a fake! 24:52.620 --> 24:53.620 It's clever. 24:53.620 --> 24:54.620 Walker's no fool. 24:54.620 --> 24:57.620 There'll be a move to reconsider until he gets full attendance. 24:57.620 --> 25:04.620 Mr. Speaker, Mr. Speaker, the Chair recognizes the member from the Cata. 25:04.620 --> 25:10.620 I voted against the bill, but in order to allow a move to reconsider, I will change 25:10.620 --> 25:11.620 my vote. 25:11.620 --> 25:16.620 I told you, they'll give them time to round up the three absent members, and they're all 25:16.620 --> 25:18.620 against the amendment. 25:18.620 --> 25:23.620 When they vote, it'll stand 50 against to 49 in favor. 25:23.620 --> 25:28.620 Mr. Speaker, the Chair recognizes the member from Crocker County. 25:28.620 --> 25:31.620 Quiet, please, Mr. Speaker. 25:31.620 --> 25:36.620 Do I understand that the member from the Cata changes his vote? 25:36.620 --> 25:37.620 You do. 25:37.620 --> 25:41.620 I will change my vote for purposes of reconsidering the motion until tomorrow. 25:41.620 --> 25:44.620 Now I will entertain a motion to adjourn. 25:44.620 --> 25:45.620 One moment, Mr. Speaker. 25:45.620 --> 25:46.620 Point of order. 25:46.620 --> 25:48.620 I still have the floor. 25:48.620 --> 25:56.620 Since he has reconsidered, that makes the vote stand 50 ayes and 46 noes, a clear majority 25:56.620 --> 25:57.620 of the entire House. 25:57.620 --> 25:58.620 50 out of 99. 25:58.620 --> 25:59.620 What does it mean, dear? 25:59.620 --> 26:04.620 What does it mean, my dear lady, that we've won? 26:04.620 --> 26:06.620 Your Speaker outsmarted himself. 26:06.620 --> 26:08.620 The amendment is ratified. 26:08.620 --> 26:10.620 Next election, women will vote. 26:10.620 --> 26:14.620 Women are citizens of the United States at last. 26:14.620 --> 26:29.620 And so, after years of struggles, women at last were given the vote. 26:29.620 --> 26:34.620 Today, we find women successfully competing with men in every walk of human endeavor. 26:34.620 --> 26:39.620 Women challenges men in courage, skills, talent, and craftsmanship. 26:39.620 --> 26:42.620 Yes, no advantage, except no compromise. 26:42.620 --> 26:49.620 He stands on the heights at last after a long and weary climb, welcomed as an equal, admitted 26:49.620 --> 27:06.620 to her place in the cavalcade of America. 27:06.620 --> 27:11.620 Think what an important part women play in the life of our nation, not only politically, 27:11.620 --> 27:12.620 but economically. 27:12.620 --> 27:18.620 They are the purchasing agents of America's home, and their ideas make business history. 27:18.620 --> 27:22.620 Have you ever heard anyone use the expression, born to the purple? 27:22.620 --> 27:26.620 There's a story in that phrase, born to the purple, a story that has a lot to do with 27:26.620 --> 27:29.620 feminine gowns and frills. 27:29.620 --> 27:33.620 Way back in Roman times, the Phoenicians were renowned for their skill in dyeing the robes 27:33.620 --> 27:34.620 of royalty. 27:34.620 --> 27:39.620 They used a color called Tyrian purple, which was obtained from shelters found in the Tyrian 27:39.620 --> 27:40.620 Sea. 27:40.620 --> 27:45.620 It was so costly that only royalty could afford clothing of this beautiful color, and hence 27:45.620 --> 27:50.620 the expression, born to the purple, denoting high birth. 27:50.620 --> 27:55.620 America got its dyes from foreign sources until the World War created a shortage, and 27:55.620 --> 27:58.620 our nation began to develop its own dye industry. 27:58.620 --> 28:03.620 This development represents one of the great achievements of American chemistry. 28:03.620 --> 28:08.620 Today, America makes enough dyes for practically all its domestic needs, even exporting large 28:08.620 --> 28:10.620 quantities. 28:10.620 --> 28:15.620 And so you see, the story of American dyes also is a story of emancipation. 28:15.620 --> 28:20.620 Our industries are now completely free from dependence on foreign supplies. 28:20.620 --> 28:24.620 Americans can be proud, too, of the high quality of home-produced dyes. 28:24.620 --> 28:28.620 Among the most recent developments is the class known as VAC dyes. 28:28.620 --> 28:34.620 These are the fastest colors known to science, and the women of America know how important 28:34.620 --> 28:39.620 it is to have fabrics that retain their original colors, in spite of repeated washings and 28:39.620 --> 28:42.620 prolonged exposure to sunlight. 28:42.620 --> 28:46.620 DuPont has played an important part in this building of the American dye industry, and 28:46.620 --> 28:51.620 research chemists in DuPont laboratories are still seeking further improvements in dyes, 28:51.620 --> 28:56.620 just as they're working in many other fields of research to provide better things for better 28:56.620 --> 28:58.620 living through chemistry. 28:58.620 --> 29:18.620 On tonight's program, you've heard Faye Bainter, famous stage star in the leading role. 29:18.620 --> 29:23.620 Tune in again next Wednesday, when DuPont again presents the Cavalcade of America. 29:23.620 --> 29:33.620 This is the Columbia Broadcasting Service.