WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:02.000 Parts of Call 01:00.040 --> 01:01.820 Moon? 01:01.840 --> 01:03.600 D反,203 01:06.260 --> 01:10.640 The Sun 01:10.640 --> 01:34.080 Beyond blue horizons far at the world's end, strange, fascinating lands beckon us. 01:34.080 --> 01:59.920 Bid us revel in their exotic splendors. Come with us as we head for ports of call. 01:59.920 --> 02:04.720 From the dazzling crest of the Himalayas to the humid shores of the Indian Ocean 02:04.720 --> 02:09.680 stretches a timeless mystic land rich with a pattern of life through forgotten centuries. 02:10.320 --> 02:15.920 India. Its frontier guarded by forbidding peaks wears always the sense of brooding peril. 02:16.800 --> 02:20.800 In the Midland deserts dust clouds dance away from creaking primitive water wheels. 02:21.520 --> 02:25.280 The steaming lowland villages throb incessantly with the rhythm of native drums. 02:25.280 --> 02:33.280 Up and down over the forested roads of India, past glittering princes, peasants, half naked holy men, soldiers. 02:33.280 --> 02:39.280 Elephants and tigers roam the jungles. Temples, mosques, shrines of a hundred gods and half gods, 02:39.280 --> 02:56.240 proud the cities and countryside. Teeming with life, prodigal of jewels and gold, land of fabulous wealth and of famine, India. 02:56.240 --> 03:01.200 Along India's northern border, the protective wall of the Himalayas is broken by the Khyber Pass, 03:01.920 --> 03:04.560 through which have poured the conquerors of her ancient civilization. 03:04.560 --> 03:09.520 Macedonians, Afghans, Mongols came, saw, conquered and disappeared in the dust, 03:09.520 --> 03:14.640 while mother India placidly endured. Then came the soldiers of the crescent. 03:14.640 --> 03:21.520 1536. Under the Mohammed and Babur, the Muslim horde swept through the Khyber and founded the Mughal dynasty. 03:21.520 --> 03:25.520 The golden age of India had begun. 03:25.520 --> 03:37.520 Unequaled since the world began was the magnificence of the barbaric court of Delhi. 03:37.520 --> 03:41.520 A river of rubies, pearls, emeralds and diamonds poured through the hands of the artisans, 03:41.520 --> 03:45.520 fashioning palaces and thrones of the great Mughals. 03:45.520 --> 03:51.520 And as tales of this splendor spread through the world, European nations began to covet India's opulence. 03:51.520 --> 03:58.520 In the year 1601, in the hall of private audience, the great Mughal Akbar has received an English emissary. 03:58.520 --> 04:03.520 Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth of England, has granted a charter to the East India Company, 04:03.520 --> 04:08.520 and with its sole right of trading with all countries, lying beyond the Cape of Good Hope 04:08.520 --> 04:11.520 or straight to Magellan during a period of 15 years. 04:11.520 --> 04:18.520 In the name of Her Majesty, I venture to request your friendly acceptance of these trading merchants 04:18.520 --> 04:21.520 when they send their representatives to Delhi. 04:21.520 --> 04:25.520 You may tell your Queen, on whom be the blessing of our, 04:25.520 --> 04:32.520 that whatever can be done to promote commerce between England and India will be gladly done. 04:39.520 --> 04:44.520 But instantly, feuds sprang up among the English, Dutch and Portuguese traders. 04:44.520 --> 04:48.520 The East India Company hired and trained native soldiers to protect their interests. 04:48.520 --> 04:54.520 1684, Charles II grants the East India Company a revised charter. 04:54.520 --> 04:59.520 The East India Company is hereby granted the right to acquire territory in India, 04:59.520 --> 05:05.520 to coin money, to command fortresses and troops, to form alliances, to make war and peace, 05:05.520 --> 05:14.520 and to exercise civil and criminal jurisdiction over whatever territory they may in time possess. 05:17.520 --> 05:22.520 Out to India then began the procession of adventurers, traders, soldiers of fortune, 05:22.520 --> 05:25.520 under the protection of the East India Company. 05:25.520 --> 05:30.520 Peasants looked up from their fields of rice to find they must pay taxes to the white sides. 05:30.520 --> 05:33.520 Meanwhile, in the desolate hills of Hyderabad, 05:33.520 --> 05:37.520 French and English traders alike had heard of a magic city, Golconda. 05:37.520 --> 05:42.520 Out of the jewels studded earth came diamonds whose very names ring with romance and legend. 05:42.520 --> 05:46.520 The great Moghul diamond weighed 787 carats. 05:46.520 --> 05:51.520 The Orlath diamond, stolen from the eye of an idol in a Hindu temple, 05:51.520 --> 05:54.520 given to Catherine the Great by her lover, Prince Orlath. 05:54.520 --> 06:00.520 The coloner, worn by Moghul emperors, taken as loot by the Persian Nadiushah, 06:00.520 --> 06:02.520 now in the sector of England's king. 06:02.520 --> 06:06.520 The reagent diamond weighed 410 carats. 06:06.520 --> 06:09.520 Moon of the mountains in the Russian crown jewels. 06:09.520 --> 06:13.520 The Florentine diamond among the crown jewels of Austria. 06:13.520 --> 06:21.520 When Ala Uddin conquered the country, he took from the Hindu ruler Ram Chandra 160 pounds of diamonds. 06:28.520 --> 06:31.520 Today, Golconda is empty. 06:31.520 --> 06:34.520 The great fortress still towers over the deserted city. 06:34.520 --> 06:41.520 On the height above, a tiny Hindu temple reminds men silently that only the gods endure. 06:53.520 --> 06:57.520 In ever-increasing splendor, the Moghul emperors reigned. 06:57.520 --> 07:03.520 Akbar moved the capital to Agra, built a great fortress with walls that shone like Topaz. 07:03.520 --> 07:08.520 There, one day in the year 1605, he speaks with his eldest son, Selim. 07:08.520 --> 07:15.520 My son, it has come to my ears that you still desire to marry the wife of an Afghan officer in the court. 07:15.520 --> 07:19.520 His rumour is false. I will have the standards tortured. 07:19.520 --> 07:21.520 It is true, my father. 07:21.520 --> 07:27.520 I have told you I will never permit her husband to divorce her, so you may add her to your Zanana. 07:27.520 --> 07:32.520 You know that since I visited Lahore as a young prince, I have loved Zaria. 07:32.520 --> 07:35.520 I was 15 then, now I am 35. 07:35.520 --> 07:39.520 It is unworthy of a Moghul prince to speak of enduring love for a woman. 07:39.520 --> 07:43.520 When I command the Mahut to guide my elephant into the street that passes her windows, 07:43.520 --> 07:48.520 I am breathless with the knowledge that she may be watching from behind the lattices. 07:48.520 --> 07:51.520 The very air about her dwelling is perfumed with her spirit. 07:51.520 --> 07:58.520 Enough! I am an old man. You will soon be ruler of India. 07:58.520 --> 08:02.520 I command you to put this woman out of your mind. 08:02.520 --> 08:08.520 As well ask me to disregard the shining of the sun or the call of the Moisan to prayer. 08:08.520 --> 08:12.520 May Allah grant you many years of life, my father. 08:12.520 --> 08:17.520 But when the moment comes that I am emperor, I will have Zaria. 08:17.520 --> 08:20.520 Nothing shall keep her from my arms. 08:33.520 --> 08:35.520 Your Majesty. 08:35.520 --> 08:39.520 Have you brought your sister Zaria to the palace as I commanded Asaf Khan? 08:39.520 --> 08:40.520 Yes, sire. 08:40.520 --> 08:41.520 Where is she? 08:41.520 --> 08:46.520 She was taken to the women's quarters to await your Majesty's summons. 08:46.520 --> 08:50.520 You have done well, and you shall be rewarded. 08:50.520 --> 08:53.520 Sire, I... 08:53.520 --> 08:55.520 You have a favor to ask? 08:55.520 --> 08:58.520 No, sire. I... 08:58.520 --> 08:59.520 Do not fear to speak. 08:59.520 --> 09:05.520 I hesitate to remind your Majesty that your father, on whom be the blessing of Allah, 09:05.520 --> 09:10.520 forbade your Majesty to bring my sister to the palace, and if... 09:10.520 --> 09:13.520 My father is dead. May he rest in paradise. 09:13.520 --> 09:18.520 And I am no longer Prince Salim, but Emperor Jahangir. 09:18.520 --> 09:20.520 Yes, Majesty. 09:20.520 --> 09:22.520 Bring in the lady, Zaria. 09:22.520 --> 09:24.520 Yes, Majesty. 09:24.520 --> 09:26.520 I will speak to her alone, Asaf Khan. 09:26.520 --> 09:27.520 But, sire... 09:27.520 --> 09:30.520 Silence. I will speak to her alone. 09:30.520 --> 09:32.520 Leave me with her when she comes. 09:32.520 --> 09:35.520 Yes, sire. 09:35.520 --> 09:36.520 Here is the lady, sire. 09:36.520 --> 09:41.520 Bring her in. See that Asaf Khan has sherbet and cakes. 09:41.520 --> 09:43.520 Serve him in the garden. 09:43.520 --> 09:44.520 Yes, Majesty. 09:44.520 --> 09:46.520 I will summon you presently, Asaf Khan. 09:46.520 --> 09:49.520 As you say, sire. 09:49.520 --> 09:53.520 Beloved, no, do not kneel to me. 09:53.520 --> 09:56.520 It is I who should kneel to you. 09:56.520 --> 10:00.520 I have waited 20 years for this moment. 10:00.520 --> 10:02.520 I kiss your fingers. 10:02.520 --> 10:05.520 Your Majesty, I... 10:05.520 --> 10:09.520 Oh, I will not call you Majesty. 10:09.520 --> 10:14.520 But, Salim, as I did when we were children in Lahore... 10:14.520 --> 10:17.520 Oh, do you think me lacking in modesty? 10:17.520 --> 10:20.520 I think you are everything that is lovely. 10:20.520 --> 10:23.520 For 20 years I have lived in darkness. 10:23.520 --> 10:27.520 And today, even though your eyes are veiled, 10:27.520 --> 10:29.520 they have brought me light. 10:29.520 --> 10:33.520 Salim, say I shall belong to you forever. 10:33.520 --> 10:37.520 Forever? And I shall call you Nur-i-Han, 10:37.520 --> 10:39.520 light of the world. 10:39.520 --> 10:41.520 You shall not only be my wife, 10:41.520 --> 10:43.520 but the share of my throne, 10:43.520 --> 10:45.520 empress of India. 10:52.520 --> 10:56.520 And so Nur-i-Han became the only queen of Islam 10:56.520 --> 10:58.520 ever to rule with her husband. 10:58.520 --> 11:03.520 At their death, Jahangir's son Shah Jahan comes to the throne, 11:03.520 --> 11:08.520 builds for his bride Mumtaz Mahal a palace exquisite as a fabric of a dream. 11:08.520 --> 11:11.520 In the jasmine tower of the palace, a few years later, 11:11.520 --> 11:13.520 he sits beside a window. 11:13.520 --> 11:16.520 His architect stands before him. 11:16.520 --> 11:19.520 My very heart has gone from me 11:19.520 --> 11:24.520 when I returned from the wars to find Mumtaz Mahal dying. 11:24.520 --> 11:27.520 I too longed for death. 11:28.520 --> 11:31.520 You have remembered my words 11:31.520 --> 11:34.520 to make her tomb beautiful as she was beautiful. 11:34.520 --> 11:36.520 Yes, your majesty. 11:36.520 --> 11:38.520 Tell me of your plans. 11:38.520 --> 11:42.520 It will be a square structure of white marble. 11:42.520 --> 11:46.520 The centre of the roof will be an alabaster dome. 11:46.520 --> 11:48.520 At each corner, a minaret. 11:48.520 --> 11:52.520 The great doors will be carved from translucent agate 11:52.520 --> 11:54.520 so the light will fall softly within. 11:54.520 --> 11:58.520 About the doorways, bands of flowers inlaid with jewels. 11:58.520 --> 12:01.520 What of the interior? 12:01.520 --> 12:05.520 The walls are to be a finely carved pure white marble 12:05.520 --> 12:08.520 with a tracery of jewels. 12:08.520 --> 12:12.520 And the dais on which the Mumtaz sarcophagus will be placed 12:12.520 --> 12:14.520 is to be paved with precious stones. 12:14.520 --> 12:17.520 Swear by the 99 names of Allah 12:17.520 --> 12:23.520 that not one flower carved in his tomb shall ever be repeated. 12:23.520 --> 12:25.520 I swear it, sire. 12:25.520 --> 12:27.520 It is well. 12:27.520 --> 12:31.520 The work shall begin at once on the Taj Mahal. 12:45.520 --> 12:48.520 Now the years are moving swiftly. 12:48.520 --> 12:50.520 The Moghul Empire weakens, 12:50.520 --> 12:54.520 but the great East India Company grows ever more powerful. 12:54.520 --> 12:56.520 Every trading post is fortified. 12:56.520 --> 12:58.520 Companies of native troops, 12:58.520 --> 13:00.520 officered by Englishmen, are at its command. 13:00.520 --> 13:02.520 Among these is Robert Clive, 13:02.520 --> 13:05.520 young Company clerk turned soldier. 13:05.520 --> 13:10.520 June 1756, the East India Company's governor in Calcutta 13:10.520 --> 13:14.520 receives the ruler of Lower Bengal, Suraj Adowla. 13:14.520 --> 13:17.520 You say this relative of yours has come to Calcutta? 13:17.520 --> 13:19.520 It is true, Sahib. 13:19.520 --> 13:23.520 Marked for my vengeance, he escaped from my palace 13:23.520 --> 13:26.520 and has claimed protection in your fort. 13:26.520 --> 13:27.520 Give him to me. 13:27.520 --> 13:32.520 I will have him torn to bits and trampled by elephants before my eyes. 13:32.520 --> 13:35.520 I'm afraid I'll have to refuse to surrender him to you. 13:35.520 --> 13:37.520 But he is my cousin and he is marked for my vengeance. 13:37.520 --> 13:40.520 Nevertheless, he's under my protection here 13:40.520 --> 13:43.520 and I can't turn him over to you to be killed. 13:43.520 --> 13:45.520 I demand his release. 13:45.520 --> 13:47.520 And I refuse. 13:47.520 --> 13:50.520 By all the gods, this shall never be forgotten 13:50.520 --> 13:54.520 as one stone of Calcutta remains upon another. 14:09.520 --> 14:12.520 This city is being attacked with a major vengeance. 14:12.520 --> 14:14.520 I serve out to Dawa. 14:14.520 --> 14:17.520 I order all English people in Calcutta 14:17.520 --> 14:21.520 to take refuge on the ships lying at Angkor Harbour. 14:21.520 --> 14:26.520 They will sail down the river until the danger is over. 14:26.520 --> 14:29.520 Take your families and go. 14:41.520 --> 14:43.520 There's going on in the city. 14:43.520 --> 14:45.520 You'd not believe. 14:45.520 --> 14:47.520 Will you come, Captain Clive? 14:47.520 --> 14:48.520 Of course. 14:48.520 --> 14:50.520 We'll make a forced march through the jungle. 14:50.520 --> 14:51.520 Here, sit there and rest. 14:51.520 --> 14:53.520 We'll take you back with us. 14:58.520 --> 15:00.520 Through the steaming jungle in the deadly tropical heat, 15:00.520 --> 15:03.520 Clive leads his army to the relief of Calcutta 15:03.520 --> 15:04.520 and captures the city. 15:04.520 --> 15:07.520 He sets up headquarters at the garrison. 15:07.520 --> 15:09.520 There's a wounded Hindu out here, sir. 15:09.520 --> 15:10.520 He seems to be trying to tell us something. 15:10.520 --> 15:11.520 Where is he? 15:11.520 --> 15:12.520 Here, sir. 15:12.520 --> 15:13.520 They're coming. 15:13.520 --> 15:15.520 You'll never get him to talk. 15:15.520 --> 15:16.520 But here comes Captain Clive. 15:16.520 --> 15:17.520 What is it? What is it? 15:17.520 --> 15:19.520 Let me get down there. 15:20.520 --> 15:22.520 I saw you. 15:22.520 --> 15:23.520 Yes, yes, yes. 15:23.520 --> 15:25.520 Men saw him. 15:25.520 --> 15:28.520 Prisoners. 15:28.520 --> 15:29.520 Prisoners? Where? 15:29.520 --> 15:30.520 Prisoners. 15:30.520 --> 15:31.520 We saw no prisoners. 15:31.520 --> 15:32.520 Jackson. 15:32.520 --> 15:33.520 Yes, sir. 15:33.520 --> 15:34.520 Where are prisoners, Captain, at fort? 15:34.520 --> 15:36.520 Across the court there, sir. 15:36.520 --> 15:38.520 But there's only been a small garrison here. 15:38.520 --> 15:41.520 The guard room's only about 20 feet square. 15:41.520 --> 15:43.520 There can't be many prisoners in it. 15:43.520 --> 15:46.520 Besides, they'd have called out to us when we took the fort. 15:46.520 --> 15:48.520 Come on, let's see. 15:53.520 --> 15:54.520 All right, now. 15:54.520 --> 15:55.520 Be quick, men. 15:55.520 --> 15:56.520 Take down the bars. 15:56.520 --> 15:57.520 Yes, sir. 16:02.520 --> 16:04.520 There's a lock beside, sir. 16:04.520 --> 16:06.520 Yeah, we'd have to break it. 16:06.520 --> 16:08.520 Who's in there? 16:08.520 --> 16:10.520 There can't be anyone in there, sir. 16:10.520 --> 16:12.520 Lay down, sir, young man. 16:13.520 --> 16:14.520 There you are, sir. It's broken. 16:14.520 --> 16:16.520 Pull the door open. 16:18.520 --> 16:19.520 My God. 16:20.520 --> 16:23.520 They must have been wedged right up against the door. 16:23.520 --> 16:25.520 So they fell out when we opened it, sir. 16:25.520 --> 16:27.520 Oh, what devils those Hindus are. 16:27.520 --> 16:29.520 Are the prisoners all dead, sir? 16:29.520 --> 16:31.520 Yes, yes, of course they must be. 16:31.520 --> 16:33.520 We'll bring them here for examination. 16:34.520 --> 16:35.520 Listen. 16:35.520 --> 16:37.520 Listen, there's a woman in there alive. 16:37.520 --> 16:39.520 Let's get them out quickly. 16:39.520 --> 16:41.520 It's like a furnace, sir. 16:41.520 --> 16:43.520 I'll be surprised if any of them are alive. 16:43.520 --> 16:45.520 The room's packed solid with them. 16:45.520 --> 16:48.520 They couldn't even fall over when they died. 16:48.520 --> 16:49.520 Yes, yes, sir. 16:49.520 --> 16:50.520 Easy there. 16:50.520 --> 16:51.520 Give her water. 16:51.520 --> 16:53.520 Here, here, I'll take her. 16:53.520 --> 16:55.520 You men get the rest of them out there. 16:57.520 --> 16:58.520 Here. 16:58.520 --> 16:59.520 Here, drink this. 17:02.520 --> 17:03.520 Oh, so hot. 17:05.520 --> 17:06.520 I can't breathe. 17:06.520 --> 17:07.520 You're going to be all right. 17:07.520 --> 17:09.520 Yes, you can. 17:09.520 --> 17:10.520 There, there, there. 17:10.520 --> 17:12.520 That's better, that's better. 17:14.520 --> 17:15.520 Try and talk now. 17:16.520 --> 17:18.520 The boats that I had gone... 17:18.520 --> 17:19.520 Yes? 17:19.520 --> 17:20.520 We... 17:21.520 --> 17:22.520 Yes, yes, you're all right. 17:22.520 --> 17:27.520 They forced us all into that room last night. 17:27.520 --> 17:28.520 Devils. 17:28.520 --> 17:31.520 Tell me, were you the only woman? 17:31.520 --> 17:32.520 No. 17:32.520 --> 17:36.520 Oh, there... ten of us. 17:36.520 --> 17:39.520 Are they all dead? 17:39.520 --> 17:40.520 We don't know yet. 17:40.520 --> 17:43.520 Three more women alive, sir, and 19 men. 17:43.520 --> 17:47.520 And there were 146 put in that black hole last night. 17:47.520 --> 17:50.520 The black hole of Calcutta. 17:50.520 --> 17:54.520 We'll spell the end of the Suraj Dala. 17:54.520 --> 17:58.520 Coldly, steadily, Clive takes up the trail of Suraj Dala. 17:58.520 --> 18:03.520 One stifling morning in June 1757, in the fort of Calcutta, 18:03.520 --> 18:07.520 Mir Jaffir, a follower of Suraj Dala, calls on Captain Clive. 18:07.520 --> 18:11.520 Well, Mir Jaffir, are you willing to betray him? 18:11.520 --> 18:14.520 Are there many French troops at Plassey? 18:14.520 --> 18:18.520 I do not know how many French soldiers are there. 18:18.520 --> 18:19.520 I don't know. 18:19.520 --> 18:25.520 But Suraj Dala has told me he has 35,000 foot soldiers and 15,000 horsemen. 18:25.520 --> 18:29.520 There are also 50 cannons. 18:29.520 --> 18:32.520 I must have money before I go. 18:32.520 --> 18:36.520 I'll give you part of the money now, part of it when the battle's over. 18:36.520 --> 18:38.520 Will you wait outside while I send for the money? 18:38.520 --> 18:41.520 As you say, I'll be waiting outside. 18:41.520 --> 18:43.520 I'll be waiting outside. 18:43.520 --> 18:45.520 I'll be waiting outside. 18:45.520 --> 18:49.520 I'll be waiting outside. 18:49.520 --> 18:53.520 As you say, sir, there will be no trickery. 18:53.520 --> 18:55.520 No, no trickery, no trickery. 18:55.520 --> 18:57.520 Mausel! 18:57.520 --> 18:58.520 Yes, sir. 18:58.520 --> 19:00.520 You're not going to trust him, sir? 19:00.520 --> 19:01.520 Never fear. 19:01.520 --> 19:04.520 I've known Mir Jaffir for a long time. 19:04.520 --> 19:08.520 If it wasn't for his fear of torture, he'd have quit fighting long ago. 19:08.520 --> 19:11.520 But we have only 3,000 men and 2,000 of them are sepoys. 19:11.520 --> 19:13.520 Yes, yes, they are. 19:13.520 --> 19:15.520 Don't forget the element of surprise. 19:15.520 --> 19:17.520 Send the Sergeant Major to me. 19:17.520 --> 19:18.520 Yes, sir. 19:18.520 --> 19:21.520 And after that, the clock. Tell the Marshal to want 10,000 pounds. 19:21.520 --> 19:23.520 Yes, sir. 19:39.520 --> 19:41.520 Stay down behind the mukbang, Jackson. 19:41.520 --> 19:43.520 We'll have no chance if we get out where they can reach us. 19:43.520 --> 19:45.520 Well, it's nearly noon, sir. 19:45.520 --> 19:48.520 And this has been going on since 6 this morning. 19:48.520 --> 19:50.520 We've done for it, in my opinion, sir. 19:50.520 --> 19:53.520 Oh, no, enough. You wait and see. 19:56.520 --> 19:59.520 What's happened, sir? It's too fiery. 19:59.520 --> 20:01.520 They've stopped to eat their dinner. They always do. 20:01.520 --> 20:03.520 Now's our time. 20:03.520 --> 20:05.520 They'll never suspect we'd attack in this awful heat. 20:05.520 --> 20:07.520 What? Now, sir? 20:07.520 --> 20:08.520 Now. 20:08.520 --> 20:11.520 Go to the store places at the gunsmen. Over the bank. 20:11.520 --> 20:13.520 Seize the upper, storm the camp. 20:31.520 --> 20:35.520 The victory of Clive at Plassey makes the East India Company the ruling power of India. 20:35.520 --> 20:38.520 Native states fall into its hands. 20:38.520 --> 20:41.520 Native armies police the towns and trading stations. 20:41.520 --> 20:45.520 As the years go by, native insurrection flares is quelled by stern measures. 20:45.520 --> 20:49.520 Then the British law is passed, prohibiting the burning of widows with their husbands' bodies, 20:49.520 --> 20:53.520 and the killing of girl babies under the old caste ritual. 20:53.520 --> 20:55.520 Hindus are outraged. 20:55.520 --> 21:00.520 In the year 1857, the governor of Calcutta talks with General Hirsi, a native officer. 21:00.520 --> 21:03.520 Now, General, what's the trouble about the cartridges? 21:03.520 --> 21:07.520 As you know, Your Excellency, with our muzzleloading muskets, 21:07.520 --> 21:11.520 the cartridge end must be bitten off, releasing the powder into the barrel. 21:11.520 --> 21:13.520 Yes, well? 21:13.520 --> 21:17.520 The cartridge ends are greased, and yesterday a high caste soldier 21:17.520 --> 21:20.520 was tormented by a low caste sepoi with being defiled 21:20.520 --> 21:24.520 because he had put into his mouth the fat of cows and pigs. 21:24.520 --> 21:26.520 Good Lord. 21:26.520 --> 21:29.520 Do you wonder, I say, I'm sitting on a powder mine, Your Excellency? 21:29.520 --> 21:31.520 No. 21:31.520 --> 21:33.520 But General Hirsi, there's only one thing to be done. 21:33.520 --> 21:37.520 Pass the word among your officers that hereafter only clarified butter will be used 21:37.520 --> 21:41.520 to grease the cartridges, and the men may grease them themselves if they wish. 21:41.520 --> 21:43.520 Will that satisfy them? 21:43.520 --> 21:45.520 I can only tell them. 21:45.520 --> 21:49.520 But if word of this has begun to spread, it will go like wildfire. 21:49.520 --> 21:54.520 Coupled with the new laws, it may cause a holy war that will drench India with blood. 21:54.520 --> 21:56.520 Do then, do what you can. 21:56.520 --> 21:58.520 But the harm was done. 21:58.520 --> 22:00.520 Down with the white sites. 22:00.520 --> 22:02.520 They have defiled us all. 22:02.520 --> 22:03.520 Avenge Hindu honor. 22:03.520 --> 22:04.520 Down with them. 22:04.520 --> 22:05.520 They have defiled us. 22:05.520 --> 22:06.520 Avenge our honor. 22:06.520 --> 22:13.520 Mutiny, mutiny, mutiny, mutiny, mutiny, mutiny, mutiny, mutiny. 22:13.520 --> 22:16.520 Mutiny, mutiny, mutiny. 22:16.520 --> 22:33.840 Across India from Delhi to Calcutta, the native troops rise and revolt. 22:33.840 --> 22:37.240 European men, women and children die in India's holy war. 22:37.240 --> 22:41.320 The red pages of our history are filled with the names of cities where Englishmen, sick, 22:41.320 --> 22:46.000 wounded, starving, hopelessly outnumbered, somehow cling to the beleaguered garrisons. 22:46.000 --> 22:51.520 Delhi, Agra, Kampur, Lucknow, two years of horror and death. 22:51.520 --> 22:55.400 Not until 1859 does the mutiny end. 22:55.400 --> 22:59.900 A few months later, at Delhi, in the midst of a grand du bar, glittering with all the 22:59.900 --> 23:03.800 pomp and splendour that is India's, Lord Canning reads a proclamation. 23:03.800 --> 23:11.160 India is declared a possession of the British crown and Her Majesty Queen Victoria hereby 23:11.160 --> 23:16.280 grants amnesty to all who engaged in the mutiny. 23:16.280 --> 23:21.120 Save only those who murdered British subjects. 23:21.120 --> 23:32.400 God save the Queen. 23:32.400 --> 23:37.840 So begins modern India, where side by side with British dominions are the feudal states, 23:37.840 --> 23:41.880 owing allegiance to the crown, but ruled by native princes who live in the incredible 23:41.880 --> 23:43.840 luxury of the past. 23:43.840 --> 23:47.320 In 1896, a great drought ravages the country. 23:47.320 --> 23:49.840 Hundreds of thousands of peasants starve to death. 23:49.840 --> 23:52.280 Agitators blame British misrule. 23:52.280 --> 23:56.760 In 1914, the Great War sends thousands of natives beyond the seas. 23:56.760 --> 24:00.880 They return to raise afresh the cries against their British masters. 24:00.880 --> 24:06.200 In 1920, Mohamed Karamchand Gandhi speaks to the people in the streets of the cities. 24:06.200 --> 24:18.640 People of Bombay, you have suffered too long under the injustice of British domination. 24:18.640 --> 24:24.040 It is time for India to be free. 24:24.040 --> 24:30.720 To protest to the British rise is to accomplish nothing. 24:30.720 --> 24:38.400 So we must begin a campaign of non-resistance that will force the tyrannous English to set 24:38.400 --> 24:39.400 India free. 24:39.400 --> 24:42.400 Tell us what to do. 24:42.400 --> 24:45.960 All government service must be boycotted. 24:45.960 --> 24:51.400 If any of you hold public office, surrender it. 24:51.400 --> 24:56.720 Withdraw your children from the British schools. 24:56.720 --> 25:02.840 Cease to use articles of British manufacture. 25:02.840 --> 25:06.800 Take up your discarded spinning wheels. 25:06.800 --> 25:11.280 Make Indian cloth for Indian people. 25:11.280 --> 25:31.280 If you do this, one year from today, India will be free. 25:31.280 --> 25:34.560 The unlettered people believe Gandhi to be a saint. 25:34.560 --> 25:38.080 Give him the title of Mahatma, great soul. 25:38.080 --> 25:43.120 And as he postpones the date of India's liberation again and again, his fiery Mohamed and followers 25:43.120 --> 25:44.600 begin to leave him. 25:44.600 --> 25:46.960 In 1922, he is arrested. 25:46.960 --> 25:51.920 You are charged with conspiring to spread disaffection among the people with a view to 25:51.920 --> 25:53.520 overthrowing the government. 25:53.520 --> 25:56.360 How do you plead? 25:56.360 --> 26:00.080 I am guilty. 26:00.080 --> 26:08.040 I accept full responsibility for any acts the people have committed. 26:08.040 --> 26:11.280 You are sentenced to six years in jail. 26:11.280 --> 26:16.760 Released after serving less than two years, Mahatma Gandhi finds his power has waned. 26:16.760 --> 26:21.760 He takes up the cause of the untouchables, lowest of all the countless castes in India. 26:21.760 --> 26:25.720 Affronted by this challenge of their ancient law, Hindus forsake him. 26:25.720 --> 26:28.960 With his power to sway the masses goes his influence. 26:28.960 --> 26:43.960 Only a few faithful followers still believe him to be the savior of India. 26:43.960 --> 26:48.360 Today native princes unite with British statesmen and diplomats, seeking to find a government 26:48.360 --> 26:52.720 for India that will reconcile the age-old antagonisms of race and creed dividing the 26:52.720 --> 26:54.800 crowding masses of her people. 26:54.800 --> 26:58.920 Let us catch our last glimpse of India from the harbor of Calicut, little known city at 26:58.920 --> 27:04.080 the southern tip of the continent, fragrant with the scent of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger. 27:04.080 --> 27:09.920 From here in 1631 went the first shipment of that cotton cloth named for the city, Calicut. 27:09.920 --> 27:14.440 In the throng streets of Hindu turbans and the saffron robes of Buddhist monks mingle 27:14.440 --> 27:19.480 as always with the sketchy garments of pearlfishes whose tatters may conceal a gem worthy of 27:19.480 --> 27:21.360 a Raja's crown. 27:21.360 --> 27:26.040 The whistle blows and we're homeward bound once more from another journey to ports of 27:26.040 --> 27:45.040 Angkor. 28:45.040 --> 29:13.440 We invite you to join us again next week in this time as we journey to another of the 29:13.440 --> 29:15.520 world's fascinating ports of call.