WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en

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[...]

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Prison All over this broad land of ours,
a bit of war is

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being fought against tuberculosis.

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Able warriors armed with modern
weapons are on the firing line.

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How goes the battle? Come with me on a
journey and let's see what is being done.

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Prison First to Washington to get a few facts.

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In this building is the
Census Bureau where Uncle Sam

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keeps his health record books.

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There is a card here for each of us,
telling when we were born, when married,

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what we die of and many other facts.

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Ingenious machines sort these cards so
that statistics may be compiled from them.

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Imagine all the people in the United States
divided into groups of 100,000 each.

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Here is one such group.

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This Christian man represents
50 deaths from tuberculosis.

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In 1910 there were about 150
deaths from tuberculosis for

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each 100,000 persons.

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We need three urns in this row.

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Ten years later there were 100 deaths
per 100,000 persons, two urns.

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And in 1935 about 50, only one urn.

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Death rate cut to one third
of what it was 25 years ago.

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What a retreat.

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Next we visit New York City where so much
of the nation's business is transacted.

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In New York the headquarters of the
National Tuberculosis Association.

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Its network of state, county and city
associations covers the country, including

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our territories and possessions.

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The whole enterprise is financed by the
sale of tuberculosis Christmas seals

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which you buy each year.

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Renowned artists create a new
design for the seal each year.

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Here is Rockville Kent at Work on One.

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The local tuberculosis associations
send them out to you and me.

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In some places the scouts or
other organizations lend a hand.

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Every seal carries a message of hope and cheer.

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With the money these associations keep
up the fight through education of the

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people by the printed word, pamphlets, posters,

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the newspaper, exhibits, radio.

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Education of the people and through them
of the state is the first and greatest

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need in the prevention of tuberculosis.

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These were the words of Edward Livingston
Trudeau, our first president, when in

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1905 he charted the course of the
National Tuberculosis Association.

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Let's go next to Saranac Lake in the
beautiful Adirondacks which Dr. Trudeau

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loves so well.

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Here is the brown statue of

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Trudeau reclining in his chair,
a pole so characteristic of his own successful

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struggle against tuberculosis.

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It was Trudeau who introduced
the modern treatment of

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tuberculosis in this country.

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Rest, fresh air and good food.

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Nestling in the hills now surrounded by
fine buildings, we find the Little Red,

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the first cottage built by Trudeau in 1884
for the treatment of two young women.

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It has served as the inspiration
for the more than 700

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sanatoria built since then.

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Let's have a look at one of these sanatoria,
or tuberculosis

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hospitals as they are called today.

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Real hospitals for the tuberculosis
and not merely resting places.

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Here we are in a large southern sanatorium.

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This one has beds for 500 patients.

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Altogether there are now
90,000 such beds available.

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Rest and more rest,
as Trudeau discovered when he himself took

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the cure as a young doctor.

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Yes, and good food.

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Nowadays,
doctors don't stuff patients with more milk

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and eggs than they can suggest.

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Just good well-balanced meals,
enough to gain weight on.

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Mmm, smell those delicious loaves.

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New ways of resting the
lung have been developed.

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This patient is getting pneumothorax treatment.

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Air is let into the chest cavity,
and that rests the lung so that it can heal.

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When the diseased lung is fully healed,
it is allowed to expand again,

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a lifesaver for many.

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Each patient has helped to find
his place in the workaday world

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when he leaves the sanatorium.

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Here's a class in typewriting.

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In this sanatorium, as in many others,
children of tuberculosis parents who

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cannot be properly protected otherwise
are cared for in the special

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department of the sanatorium.

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Finding the cases of tuberculosis
is a very important job.

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Not only the specialist, but the family
doctor too, is constantly on the alert

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knowing that tuberculosis may disguise
itself as some other disease.

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Doctors in the villages and country

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districts too keep in mind the
dangers of unsuspected disease.

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Even when patients do not complain of
the common symptoms, such as cough,

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tiredness, loss of weight,
or indigestion, the alert

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doctor thinks of tuberculosis.

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Clinics for the diagnosis of
tuberculosis now exist in

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every enterprising community.

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Specialists are in charge
and x-ray services at hand.

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Public health nurses teach the families
of those who have tuberculosis.

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They see that the doctor's orders
are faithfully carried out.

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They urge all members of
the family to be examined.

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For tuberculosis, though not inherited,
runs in families.

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What about the thousands of
people in out-of-the-way places?

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Let's see how they do it in the Bayou country.

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Work in the cane fields under the hot sun
is picturesque, but mighty hard labor.

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These sections are not well equipped
with clinics or x-ray apparatus, so

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necessary to discover tuberculosis.

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Very well, says the health department,
if people cannot come to the doctor, the

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doctor and all he needs will go to the people.

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Here is an auto trailer, expertly designed,
which carries complete equipment for

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making diagnoses in the modern manner.

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A doctor and nurse go with the outfit,
and van's arrangements are made with the

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doctors and local health departments so
that all who should be examined will be

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on hand when the trailer comes.

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Here we are arriving on the public square,
alongside the

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courthouse and ready for business.

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Quietly and efficiently,
the work is carried on by skilled workers.

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The family doctor gets the report of
the x-ray examination of his patients.

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Inside the trailer,
everything is snug and shipshape.

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It looks compact, doesn't it?

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But there's space enough to do the job well.

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The dressing room is just a corner,
screened off by a curtain.

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The x-ray apparatus is one of
the latest models, for a poor x

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-ray picture may be worse than none.

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Efficiency and economy make it
possible to give this important

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service to the people.

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Snap all over.

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The plate is removed, later to be developed
in the dark room, and in a moment the

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next patient will go through the same steps.

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Inside the courthouse or sometimes a school
or church, the doctor makes the rest

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of the examination, gets the history
of the patient, and consults with the

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local doctor about the patient.

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Then, on their way again, to the next town,
up and down throughout the state.

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This showed you but one of several such
diagnostic auto trailers now being

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used in rural areas.

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Now we are in a large Midwestern university.

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We meet the flower of American
manhood and womanhood.

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How many of them will fall
victims due to tuberculosis?

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Well, if nobody cares, at least six out
of each 1,000 students, before they reach

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their 30s.

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But someone does care, enough to search
out the very beginnings of the disease,

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before there are any signs or symptoms.

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All students are given this simple
tuberculosis test to show whether tuberculosis

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germs have entered the body.

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All who have tuberculosis germs
in their bodies are x-rayed, one

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out of four in this university.

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Tuberculosis must be seen before it is heard,
say the doctors.

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That's why they urge all young people
to be tested with tuberculosis and to

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be x-rayed if positive.

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The x-ray plate is developed in the dark room,
much as you develop your own

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Kodak pictures in the mysterious
amber-lighted closet at home.

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When the film is dry, the shadows are
red or interpreted by the doctor.

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Here's the chest picture of a young athlete.

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The trained eye of the physician sees
the damage already done by tuberculosis.

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The fight also goes on in the
Quiet Research Laboratory.

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Scientists are studying the
life and habits of the germ.

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Did you know that the tuberculosis germ
actually breathes, eats and reproduces?

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They are finding out how the
germ causes disease and also

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how the body defends itself.

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Someday, maybe,
they'll give us a specific cure.

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But don't exalt yet. There is another
side to this optimistic picture.

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The death rate has gone down, true,
but 70,000 tuberculosis victims still march

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to their graves each year
and many more are disabled.

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Most of them are young people
in that period of life when it

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is most productive and sweet.

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Eager students, young parents,
wage earners on the upgrade of life.

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Not an old man's disease, this,
but a bitter foe of youth.

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Here they are,
the young people we're concerned about.

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Out of each 100,000 in the age group 15 to 45,
66

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died last year.

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There's another sore spot
on the optimistic picture.

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Certain racial groups, such as Negroes,
Mexicans and Indians, suffer

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heavy losses from tuberculosis.

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The death rate among Negroes is
three times as high as among whites.

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Not only in the Southland,
but also in the northern industrial centers.

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Poverty, bad housing and a
depressed scale of living seem

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to be largely responsible.

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Living cheaply really means living expensively.

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How would you like to try
to keep warm this way?

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Buying your firewood at the kerb,
16 sticks for five cents, and when that is

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gone, perhaps on some cold night.

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Having to pinch pennies for
food is another hardship.

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Rabbits, two for a quarter.

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Here's the chart we saw before,
showing the decline

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in the death rate among whites.

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Each of these strips
represents 100,000 Negroes.

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And each earn 50 deaths from tuberculosis.

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But notice that the decline is of
injustice rapid as that among whites.

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And in 1935, Negroes suffered no
more deaths than whites did in 1910.

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There's a lag, but the trend is hopeful.

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Another problem, industrial workers.

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Did you know that tuberculosis is the
particular enemy of the working classes?

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The men and women on whom the rest of the
prosperity and welfare of this nation?

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In this chart,
each group represents 10,000 men with a job.

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Here are the professional men, here are
the white-collar workers, the farmers and

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foresters, here are the skilled workers,
and finally, the unskilled workers.

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Each earn represents one death from
tuberculosis among these workers.

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Professional men, not many deaths among them.

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Clerks, about three times as many.

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Agricultural workers seem to fare pretty well.

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Skilled workers are little more than clerks.

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And unskilled workers, here's our problem.

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Look at the urns. 17 out of each
10,000 die of tuberculosis each year.

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This time we go west.

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Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and California.

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For here, there is still another problem.

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Years ago, it got noised about that
climate was a magic cure, that error

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is still believed by many.

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But out here in the southwest, there are,
oh, nobody knows, but perhaps 5,000

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persons who have tuberculosis,
roaming aimlessly about looking for help.

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Some of them come alone, spend their
last dollar for railroad fare and cheap

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lodging, look in vain for a job and die.

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Others bundle up the whole family in
the old car and start out blindly, just

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hoping to make a new start.

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They sell them fine work, eke out a
miserable existence, and when the last drop

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of gasoline gives out, they become a
burden on some hard-pressed community.

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Little can be done for them,
for they have lost their settlement rights.

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They don't stay long enough in one
place to win the rights of a resident.

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The children suffer neglect and are
constantly exposed to the danger of getting

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tuberculosis from the sick parents.

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They become shrouded in gloom and despair.

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Whatever becomes of them,
no one seems to know precisely.

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Though some excellent studies of this
situation allow underway, this problem is

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our business, not only because we are
our brother's keeper, but also because

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every such sick wanderer carries the seeds
of tuberculosis along the countryside.

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The wandering consumptive is, of course,
only part of the larger problem of

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migration, which social organizations
and government departments are trying

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hard to solve.

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[...] home again, best part of the journey.

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But do you know that we are
still on the front line?

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For tuberculosis threatens every doorstep,
rich, poor and medium-class,

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and no home is safe until every home is safe.

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