PATHOGENIC BACTERIA.

The presence of flagella upon the cholera spirillum
can be demonstrated without difficulty by Loffler's
method (g. v.\ Each spirillum possesses a single flagel-
lum attached to one end.

Inoculation-forms of most bizarre appearance are very
common in old.cultures of the spirillum, and very often

FlG. 81.—Spirillum of Asiatic cholera, from a bouillon culture three weeks old,,
showing numbers of long spirals; x 1000 (Frankel and Pfeiffer).

there can be found in fresh cultures many individuals
which show by granular protoplasm and irregular outline
that they are partly degenerated. Cholera spirilla from
various sources seem to differ in this particular, some
of the forms being as pronounced in their involution,
as the diphtheria bacilli.

In partially degenerated cultures in which long spirals
are numerous Hiippe observed, by examination -in the
uhanging drop," in the continuity of the elongate mem-
bers, certain large spherical bodies which he described as
spores. These bodies were not enclosed in the organisms
like the spores of anthrax, but seemed to exemplify the
form of sporulation in which an entire individual trans-
forms itself into a spore (arthrospore). Koch, and indeed
all other observers, failed to find signs of fructification in